非谓语动词,虚拟语气,名词性从句1
非谓语动词
do/does
did
do doing
done
to do
一．非谓语动词在句子中不能单独充当谓语。
二．一个逗号不能连接两个并列的分句，必须要有连词。通过逗号的问题可以判断出来是否使用非谓语动词。
三．非谓语动词的联系和区别
1．doing既是现在分词，又是动名词，但是它们在句子中充当的成分及与之相连的结构都不同。
1）现在分词在句子中起修饰限定补充说明的作用，所以充当定语，状语，补语；动名词是具有动词含义，保留了动词某些用法的名词，所以在句子中充当主语，宾语，定语。现在分词做定语时表示被修饰的中心词所处的状态或所做的动作;而动名词做定语表示被修饰的中心词的目的或用途。
a sleeping boy
sleeping room
2) 现在分词和动名词在独立结构中的逻辑主语不同。
独立结构的概念
在主从复合句中，当主句和从句的主语一致时，可以将从句中的主语
及be动词省略，这时从句就变为独立结构。
While (he is) eating, he is watching TV.
在主从复合句中，当主句和从句的主语不一致时，不能按照上面的规则省略，在新的独立结构中应添加逻辑主语。分词的逻辑主语是代词的主格和名词的通格；动名词的逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词，名词所有格，代词的宾格和名词的通格。
While she is eating, he is watching TV.
While she eating, he is watching TV.
His saying that kind of things made us very angry.
2．现在分词和过去分词的区别
doing 主动物动作正在进行
done 被动人动作已经结束
the boy sleeping in the room
the man killed in the war
the exciting news
the excited people
the developing country
the developed country
fallen/falling snow
boiled/boiling water
*当用及物动词的分词做定状补语时，如果是现在分词，后面必须加宾语，如果是过去分词，后面不能加宾语。
the boy seeing the film
seen in the cinema
the army controlling the gov.
controlled by the gov.
3.不定式一般表示将来的概念
built last year
the bridge being built now
to be built next month
四．非谓语动词时间的表达方法
Having finished the work, they went home.
Seeing his girl friend, the boy jumped to his feet.
The fog ____ dense, the ferryboat has been cancelled.
A. is
B. was
C. being
D. having been
虚拟语气
一．概念
虚拟语气表示说话人所做的一种与现实相反的假设，既通常所说的“说反话”。
二．形式
1．If引导的虚拟条件句
1) 对过去的虚拟If +主语+had done, 主语+would/should/could have done.
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen your brother.
2)对现在的虚拟If +主语+did, 主语+ would/should/could do.
If I knew the truth, I would tell it to you.
3)复合时态的虚拟
If +主语+had done，主语+ would/should/could do.
If you had thought clearly at that time, you wouldn’t be in trouble now. 2.省略should的虚拟语气
1)表示“命令，要求，请求，建议”的动词引导的宾语从句，例如order, demand, suggest, advise, require, insist…
The officer ordered that the army (should) start off at once.
2)表示上类含义的名词引导的同位语从句。
The advice that we (should) do something about the matter was good.
3)I think/consider/regard it important/necessary/helpful…that we (should) do…
They thought it necessary that they (should) do something to help him.
4)should还可以表示“一旦，竟然，万一”
If you should be in trouble, you can call me directly.
3.其他常用的虚拟语气结构
I would rather that you said nothing now.
I would rather that you had said nothing at yesterday’s meeting.
It is (high) time that we went to school.
If only I were as rich as Bill Gates.
名词性从句
一.名词性从句概述
名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.简单而言, 名词性从句是一个句子的结构，但是起到名词的作用.
主语从句: That he has come back safe and sound makes his mother very happy.
宾语从句: His mother knows that he has come back safe and sound.
表语从句: What makes his mother very happy is that he has come back safe and sound.
同位语从句: The news that he has come back safe and sound makes his mother very happy.
二.名词性从句的引导词
1.连接词that, whether, if
That he survived the accident is a miracle.
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
I asked her if she wanted to come the next day.
2. 关系代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever
Who will preside at the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
He asked me whom I borrowed the money from.
Which team has won the game is not known yet.
*what引导名词性从句的问题
what引导名词性从句时可以把这个名词性从句改写为定语从句,其中what相当于先行词+关系代词
What(All that) you do is right.
*what不能与all或that连用.
The book will show you how what you have learned can be put into use. What he has done is for the benefit of people.
That what he has done is for the benefit of people won him the prize.
3. 关系副词when, where, how, why
When we can begin the expedition is still a question.
We didn’t know why she didn’t come.
The question is how we can get there.
That’s where he used to live.
三. 名词性从句和其他从句的关系
1. 名词性从句和定语从句的关系
名词性从句起到名词的作用,在句子中可以充当主语,宾语,表语
和同位语,而定语从句相当于形容词,在句子中做定语.
The news that he told us was true.
The news that he came back was true.
2. 名词性从句和强调句式的关系
强调句式实际上是一种倒装句.
It is/was +被强调的成分+who(m)/that…
定语从句
一.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.如果先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词用that
That’s all (that) I can do now.
2. 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no some, very等修饰，关系代词用that,不用which, who或whom
He was the only person that was present at the meeting.
3.可以做表语用的关系代词
关系代词that可指代人或物,用作表语,仅用于限制性定语从句.
He is no longer the single-minded man that he was 5 years ago.
二.关系副词引导的定语从句
1. There are some cases where this rule doesn’t hold true.
2. that有时也可以代替关系副词when, where, 或why引导定语从句,表示时间，地点或原因,that有时可以省略.
I don’t like the way (that, in which) he speaks.
3. how不能引导定语从句,要用how,句中不能有先行词.
This is how he behaves.
This is the way how he behaves.
三.as的用法
1. 先行词之前有such, the same修饰，关系代词用as
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
the same… as和the same…that的区别
2.在非限定性定语从句中代替一句话
As we all know, the earth is round.
四.but的用法
but与表示否定的主句连用
There is nobody in the class but (who doesn’t)respect him.
五.在定语从句中关系词的选择取决于先行词在句子中做什么成分Beijing is the place that he likes to visit.
Beijing is the place where he lives.
非谓语动词和虚拟语气
非谓语动词语法讲解 一、非谓语动词的概念 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定 式：to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动 词的过去分词：done 二、三种形式的含义（基本用法） 不定式：表示目的和将来； 动词的 ing：表示主动和进行； 过去分词：表示被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般 式 to do 完成式 进行式
不 定 式 ing 形
主 动 被 动 主 动
to have to be done doing to be to have done been done doing having done
式 过 去 分 词
被 动 被 动
being done done
having been done
四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加 not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing 五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所 有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有 格＋doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看 看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法： 非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动 词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子， 看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语 动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同时常用 doing. 学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一 起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。 一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语 a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。 动词 ing 常表示一般的、 泛指的或习惯性的 动作。如： ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To
高考英语必考语法全套汇编(简约版)
.* 高考英语必考语法大全（史上最简约版） 高考之前，各位考生需要从以下几个方面做好准备： 词法、句法、时态与语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句 接下来我们分别对这些知识进行讲解阐释： 第一：词法 作用：英语是由词、句、篇构成，单词的词性是打开英语大门的钥匙，词法是英语学习的基础。 地位：词法能帮助考生理解许多英语概念，只有掌握了词性知识，才能理解英语句子结构，从而理解句子及整篇文章。 学习方法：牢固掌握每个词性的句法功能，及每个句子成分都由哪些词性的单词构成。主抓实词，兼顾虚词，总结固定词组。 ①名词 A.句法功能 主语：The book is on the desk. 表语：The tall man is a singer. 宾语：I found a cat on the grass. 宾语补足语：We call him a hero. 定语：I found a stone wall in the village. 同位语：Mr. Liu, our English teacher, is very handsome. 状语：The desk weighs 20 kilograms. B. 所有格 a.含义： 表所属关系： my mom’s dress 表类别： a woman’s school 表动作的执行者或承受者： my father’s praise
.* b.分类 ‘s所有格表有生命的 my father’s car of所有格表无生命的 the cover of the book 双重所有格表部分概念或某种感情 a friend of my sister’s ②冠词 不定冠词：a, an 表泛指，每一，类别，抽象名词具体化 定冠词: the 表特指的人或物 零冠词：表许多特殊含义和特殊用法 ③代词 A人称代词 主格：I you he she it we you they 宾格：me you him her it us you them B 物主代词 形容词性：my you’re his her its our you’re their 名词性：mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs C 反身代词 单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves D 相互代词 each other one another each other’s one another’s E 指示代词 this that these those such same F 疑问代词 who whom whose which what G 连接代词 who whom which what that whose whoever whomever whatever
非谓语动词,虚拟语气,名词性从句1
非谓语动词 do/does did do doing done to do 一．非谓语动词在句子中不能单独充当谓语。 二．一个逗号不能连接两个并列的分句，必须要有连词。通过逗号的问题可以判断出来是否使用非谓语动词。 三．非谓语动词的联系和区别 1．doing既是现在分词，又是动名词，但是它们在句子中充当的成分及与之相连的结构都不同。 1）现在分词在句子中起修饰限定补充说明的作用，所以充当定语，状语，补语；动名词是具有动词含义，保留了动词某些用法的名词，所以在句子中充当主语，宾语，定语。现在分词做定语时表示被修饰的中心词所处的状态或所做的动作;而动名词做定语表示被修饰的中心词的目的或用途。 a sleeping boy sleeping room 2) 现在分词和动名词在独立结构中的逻辑主语不同。 独立结构的概念 在主从复合句中，当主句和从句的主语一致时，可以将从句中的主语
及be动词省略，这时从句就变为独立结构。 While (he is) eating, he is watching TV. 在主从复合句中，当主句和从句的主语不一致时，不能按照上面的规则省略，在新的独立结构中应添加逻辑主语。分词的逻辑主语是代词的主格和名词的通格；动名词的逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词，名词所有格，代词的宾格和名词的通格。 While she is eating, he is watching TV. While she eating, he is watching TV. His saying that kind of things made us very angry. 2．现在分词和过去分词的区别 doing 主动物动作正在进行 done 被动人动作已经结束 the boy sleeping in the room the man killed in the war the exciting news the excited people the developing country the developed country fallen/falling snow
育才分流英语语法词法精品辅导3
育才分流英语语法词法精品辅导3 情态动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词名词性从句和定语从句 情态动词 【要点点拨】 1.表示请求和允许：can,could,may,might.过去式使语气更委婉，答语应用原形。 ---Could Iuse your computer tomorrow morning? ---Yes,you can.(否定回答可用：No,I'm afraid not.) 2.表示推测： 理论可能性can 可能性肯定句must,may,might,could 疑问句can 否定句can't(不可能)，may not(可能不) 1)can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真的发生. Children can be very tiring. 2)反意问句。He may know the plan,doesn'the? You must have studied Englishbefore,haven'tyou? You can't have beencaught in the rain last night,wereyou?
3.could&be able to 在肯定句中could表示过去有"能力"做，was/were able to表示过去有能 力而且确实做成了某一件事，相当于managed to do…或succeeded in doing sth. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 4.may/might as well do sth"还是…好"、"不妨" You might as well tell me the truth.你还是把真相告诉我的好。 5.must和have to 1)must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to强调客 观需要。 2)否定形式含义不同。mustn't禁止，不许可，don't have to不必 3)must偏要(做令人不快的事)eg.Must you shout so loudly? 6.shall和should 1)表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。 When shall my father be able to leave hospital? shall 2)表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。 You shall go with me(命令)/You shall have the book when Ifinish it.(允诺) He shall be punished(威胁)/Nothing shall stop me from doing it.(决心) 1)表示劝告和建议"应该" 2)"按道理应当""估计"(=ought to)
英语语法(虚拟语气,名词性从句,情态动词,非谓语动词)
非谓语动词 非谓语动词的种类： 不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（V-ed） 不定式：表将来、表目的 1. 表示将要发生的动作或即将要做的事。 即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。如： I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。 I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。 2.表示同时发生的动作，即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。如： Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的？(say 与heard 几乎同时发生) 3.表示一般情况，即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。如： Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。 None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。 不定式省略to的基本规律 一、使役动词后省略to的情况 在let, make, have 等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如： My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。 I don't like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶，可是母亲强迫我喝。 注意：当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to 二、感觉动词后省略to的情况see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch 在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如： I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车 I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看见这个女人进了一家银行。 注意： 1. 用于被动语态时，其后的不定式必须带to。如： The woman was seen to enter a bank. 有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。 2. 类似地，动词look at和listen to后用作宾语补足语的不定式也不带to。如： We listened to the old man tell his story. 我们听这位老人讲述他的经历。 3. 若不定式为完成式，通常应带to。如：I noticed her to have come .我注意到她了。 三、动词help后省略to的情况 在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to。如： Can I help (to) carry this heavy box? 我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗？ 注意：在当help用于被动语态时，不定式前的to 不能省略。如： The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins. 那男孩由一个妇女帮他捡拾散乱一地的钱币。 四、why(not)…后省略to的情况 在why(not)…?之后的不定式不能带to。如： Why go with him? 为什么要同他一起去？Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不去问问
英语非谓语动词虚拟语气
英语非谓语动词和虚拟语气详讲 第一讲非谓语动词详讲 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。 不定式： 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj.+ of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 （2）动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如： I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next. 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如： I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 3、作宾语补足语 （1）动词+宾语+不定式（to do）。如： He warned me to be careful. What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式） 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, prefer, encourage （2）表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如： We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态） (3) There +不定式。如： We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 注意：（1）有些动词需用as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如： We regard Tom as our best teacher. Mary took him as her father.
2020年高考英语易错题集锦 虚拟语气在名词性从句中
虚拟语气在名词性从句中 （要点精讲） 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望，怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于名词性从句中。 一、用于主语从句中 1．It is + adj. + that从句 当it作形式主语，当描述主语的形容词是advisable，critical，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative，important，incredible，inevitable，necessary，strange，urgent等时，后面的主语从句中多用虚拟语气，即用should+动词原形，should常省略。 It is essential that this mission not fail. 这项任务不失败至关重要。 It was necessary that some immediate effort be made. 做出一些立即的努力是必要的。 It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected. 尊重少数民族的各种风俗习惯是十分必要的。 It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy. Alfred和Amy已经结婚毫不奇怪。 It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。 2．It is + V-ed + that从句 在这种句型中，动词通常为order，command，suggest，advise，request，require，demand 等，后面的主语从句多用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should常省略。 It’s suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 据建议会议被推迟到下周。 It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once. 据命令受伤的士兵被马上送往战地医院。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。 注意：“坚决要命”类动词所接的四种名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。“坚决要命”：insist，advise，suggest，propose，decide，require，request，desire，demand，order，command等。 3．It’s time + that从句 本句型中that可省略，time可由high、about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式(be用were)，表示与现在相反；或者用should+ 动词原形(should不能省略)，表示与将来相反。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“某人该做某事了”。含有该事早该去做而未做，现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。 It’s time (that) we went to bed. 我们该去睡觉了。 It’s high time that the article were published. 发表这篇文章是适时的。 It’s time you should do cleaning. 你该去打扫卫生了。 二、用于宾语从句中 1．wish引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。 (1)一般过去时：wish that sb. did sth./wish that sb. were ...，表示目前不可能实现的愿望。 How I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky! 我是多么希望我是一只鸟，这样就能在天空中自由地飞翔了。（事实上不是） How I wish it weren’t raining now!
高中语法非谓语动词名词性从句定语从句主谓一致倒装句虚拟语气情态动词
高中语法非谓语动词名词性从句定语从句主谓一致倒装句虚拟 语气情态动词 非谓语20. ______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground. A. Entering B. Having entered C. He entered D. Mrs Green entering 22. ______ her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard 23. They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut. A. found B. to find C. find D. finding 24. ----Do you have anything more ______, sir? ----No. You can have a rest or do something else. A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type 25. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on. A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed
D. informing 26. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time. A. to settle B. settling C. settled D. being settled 名词性从句1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear. A. When B. What C. That D. / 2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when 3. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult. A. How B. That C. Which D. What 4. _____ that there is another good harvest this year. A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said 5. _____ that she has received a doctor‘s degree. A. It’s a splendid news B. This is a splendid news
高中英语真题-专项限时训练十一) [情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句]_1
高中英语真题:专项限时训练(十一) [情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句] (限时：每篇5分钟) 一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点 I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1.__ ______(be) not so much homework, I would have more time to d o what I like to do. How I wish I 2.________ (listen) to my fa vourite music for an hour a day and 3.________(play) table tenni s for an hour in the morning. It's my desire that we 4.________(h old) evening parties or 5.________(organize) some interesting a ctivities at weekend. I suggest that there 6.________(be) not so many tests. You can imagine what life 7.________(will) be if I8._ _______(realize) my dream. But I must face the exams. Without good marks, I 9.________(will) not enter my ideal university. Any way, it's high time that I 10.________(encourage) myself and wo rked hard from now on. 二、不定式考点 Dear Editors， My name is Adam Rouse. I'm 19 years old and I used 1.______
英语基础知识积累-名词性从句中的虚拟语气
英语基础知识积累-名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1、表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句，一律用主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）结构。具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式： 一坚持（主张）：insist 二命令：order，command 三要求：require，request，demand 四建议：suggest，advise，propose，recommend 例如： It was suggested that he（should）join in the club activities.（主语从句）
I suggested that he（should）join in the club activities.（宾语从句） My suggestion was that he（should）join in the club activities.（表语从句） I had an suggestion that he（should）join in the club activities.（同位语从句） 这四句话表达同一个意思：我建议他加入这个俱乐部的活动。 2、表示重要性、必要性、吃惊等时，一律用it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）结构。 例如：
It's important that you (should) study English hard. 努力学习英语是很重要的。 It's necessary that you (should) praise your students as much as possible. 尽可能多的表扬你的学生是有必要的。 It is strange that she (should) not have been invited. 很奇怪她竟然没有被邀请。 3. ① wish 后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为“要是/但愿…就好了”），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+一般过去时的宾语从句
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气——名词性从句中的虚拟 语气 在英语中有陈述语气，用于平铺直叙客观情况。而虚拟语气，顾名思义，不是真实的客观的情况，而是主观的（说话人）命令，要求，建议等，事实上并未发生。在形式上用should+do来标明这是虚拟语气。巧记1：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 名词性从句: 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。 1) 宾语从句: 10个动词+that sb. (should) do 例：I suggest that he (should) work hard. 我建议他努力学习。
巧记2：与suggest用法相同的10个动词 思考：为什么这些词要用虚拟语气呢？ 因为：你命令要求建议或坚持让某人去做某事，事实他还没做，这就是虚拟语气。所以要注意：suggest表暗示表明；insist表坚称时，不用虚拟语气。 He insisted that he didn't cheat in the exam. 他坚持说他没作弊。 His embarrassed look suggested that he was lying. 他尴尬的表情表明他在撒谎。 2)主语从句：It is/was +10个动词（-ed）+sb.(should) do 例：①It is suggested that he should work hard. 据建议他该努力学习。 注意：It 作形式主语使用虚拟语气的句式还有 ②It is important, necessary，strange…that+ (should) do ③It is a pity, a shame, no wonder… that+ (should) do ④It is (high/about) time that sb. should do/did sth.(should不可省略）到某人做某事的时间了，事实上还没做，所以用虚拟。 注意：在句式②③中，should除译为应该外，有时表竟然。 例句：It is strange that he should arrive so early. 他竟然这么早就到了，真是奇怪。 It is a shame that he should cheat in the exam.
高三复习名词性从句和非谓语转换
名词性从句与非谓语 一、名词性从句与动名词 名词类的从句可以被化简成动名词和不定式。 1. 2. 1.that引导的主语从句与动名词 例: 1 (1) It surprised us that John won the marathon. John`s winning the marathon surprised us. 例: 2 (1)That he lost the game came as a surprised to everybody. That he knows English helps him start a conversation with foreigners 例：3 (1)That he was out of work was unexpected (2)That she was ill made her mother worried. (3)That he was chosen as our chairman made us excited. 2.that引导的同位语从句与动名词 由原来的同位语从句结构“名词+that同位语从句”变成了一个动名词结构“名词+of+动名词的复合结构”。
例: 1 (1)There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive. (2)There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive. 例:2 (1)We were greatly encouraged by the news that china had launched another man-made satellite. (2)It is said that the book has been translated into many other languages. The book is said to have been translated into many other languages (3)It was reported that the bank in the local has been robbed in broad daylight yesterday (4)it is thought that he is the greatest person in the world. (5)It is arranged that the class meeting will be held next week. 3.that引导的宾语从句与动名词 由that引导的宾语从句的简化较为复杂，因为它可以转换成动名词，也可以转换成不定式，这主要与主句谓语动词的用法密切相关。 例：1 (1)I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future. (2)I consider emigrating to America in the future. 例：2 (1)Jane`s mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother. (2)Jane`s mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气的用法解析
名词性从句中的虚拟语气 当名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）中的 谓语动词使用了某种特殊形式或者该从句使用了某些具有特定意义的名 词、形容词或分词时，可以使用虚拟语气。 1. 主语从句 (1) It is important that she (should) cooperate with us It was unnecessary that he (should) get here so early. He says it is fortunate that she (should) take the first prize. It is strange that he (should) leave without telling us. It is surprising/amazing/pleasing that she(should) win over her mother. 在“it + be + adj. + that clause ”的句型中，形容词表示“必须的”、“重要的”、“适当的”、“自然的”、“不可能的”、“紧迫的”等意义时，主语从句常用虚拟语气。这类形容词还有advisable, desirable, essential, impossible, natural, possible等。形容词表示“惊讶的”、“失望的”、“懊悔的”等意义时，主语从句常用虚拟语气。形容词是dreadful（可怕的），funny等词时，这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气。 （2）It is ordered that the classroom (should) be kept in order. It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rules It is suggested that we (should) start the work at once. 表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”意义的动词，如advise, arrange, demand, propose, recommend, request, require等用被动语态时，主语从句要用虚拟 语气。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气(讲义)
1. 通过本课的学习，可以全面掌握名词性从句中虚拟语气的根本用法。 2. 通过本课的学习，可以初步理解虚拟语气在不同类型名词性从句中的详细用法。 重点：掌握与坚持、命令、建议、要求四类词相关名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法。 难点：wish宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。 近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考察主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中屡次出现对虚拟语气的考察，考察难度不大。 一、主语从句中的虚拟语气： 1. It is／was + 形容词+ that从句 当形容词为important, necessary，strange，natural，appropriate, proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名词短语a good idea时。 2. It is／was + a pity / a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that从句 3. It is demanded / suggested / ordered / required / ….that-clause 注意： 这种主语从句由连词that引导，虚拟语气为“〔should〕动词原形〞。其中should可省略。should 常译成“应该、必须、竟然〞。 It is important and necessary that we (should) master a foreign language. 精通一门外语对我们来说是重要而且必要的。 It is proper that an independent inquiry (should) take place. 进展独立调查很适宜。 It is strange that he (should) refuse your help. 他竟然回绝你的帮助真是奇怪。 It is surprising that you (should) not understand me! 你竟然不理解我，真令人吃惊！ It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 你竟然错过一个好时机真是遗憾。 It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time watching TV. 有人建议他不应该花太多时间看电视。 It is proposed that the plan (should) be delayed. 有人建议推延这项方案。 —Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country. —Who is Yang Liwei? —What a question! It is surprising ________ the first spaceman in China. A. you didn’t know our national hero B. to you not to know him C. you should know nothing about D. you knew nothing about 答案：C 思路分析：在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形〞，其中should 含“竟然〞之意，是最正确答案。 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气： 1. wish后宾语从句须用虚拟语气：⑴表示与如今事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用过去式〔were〕；⑵表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用had+过去分词；⑶表示将来没有把握或者不大可能实现的愿望，从句谓语须用would / could / might+动词原形。
非谓语动词及从句
非谓语动词有关从句 1.非谓语动词概括： 2.非谓语动词与名词性从句 3.非谓语动词与定语从句 4.非谓语动词与状语从句 There are some people insisting that they shouldn’t learn English. 一、非谓语动词概括：动名词 Ving ；此刻 分词 Ving; 过去分词 ved; to do 不定式 1.分词短语从实质上而言：是由动词派生而 来的形容词。如， a sleeping baby, a used car, a frightening experience, a frightened child, etc. A baby who is sleeping. A car which is used 2.v ing 形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；表 示主动的动作或正在进行的动作 Ved 形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：表 示被动的动作或已达成的动作 The fallen leaves The falling leaves The custom fascinates me.
The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books. The baby will sleep until eight. Try not to wake a sleeping baby. Some movies are rated X. Children shouldn ’ t see X-rated movies. My leg was broken in three places. My broken leg is healing slowly. The sinking ship= the ship that was sinking The sunken ship=the ship that has sunken. Falling leaves= Fallen leaves= 3.此刻分词的达成时态：表示分词的动作 发生在主句谓语动词动作以前。 Having done The students had solved most of the problems without any help. Having solved most of the problems