第四速及第五速变速叉说明书

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4-5速手动变速箱车型液体位置说明书

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三轴五档汽车变速器-说明书

摘要本设计的任务是设计一台用于轿车上的 FR 式的手动变速器。

本设计采用中间轴式变速器，该变速器具有两个突出的优点：一是其直接档的传动效率高，磨损及噪声也最小；二是在齿轮中心距较小的情况下仍然可以获得较大的一档传动比。

根据轿车的外形、轮距、轴距、最小离地间隙、最小转弯半径、车辆重量、满载重量以及最高车速等参数结合自己选择的适合于该轿车的发动机型号可以得出发动机的最大功率、最大扭矩、排量等重要的参数。

再结合某些轿车的基本参数，选择适当的主减速比。

根据上述参数，再结合汽车设计、汽车理论、机械设计等相关知识，计算出相关的变速器参数并论证设计的合理性。

它功用是：①改变传动比，扩大驱动轮转矩和转速的变化范围，以适应经常变化的行驶条件，如起步、加速、上坡等，同时使发动机在有利的工况下工作；②在发动机旋转方向不变的前提下，使汽车能倒退行驶；③利用空档，中断动力传递，以使发动机能够起动、怠速，并便于发动机换档或进行动力输出。

这台变速器具有五个前进档（包括一个超速档五档）和一个倒档，并通过锁环式同步器来实现换档。

关键词：变速器；锁环式同步器；传动比；中间轴ABSTRACTThe duty of this design is to design a FR type manual transmission used in the saloon,It’s the countershafttype transmission gearbox.This transmission has twoprominent merits: Firstly,the transmission efficiency of the direct drive keeps off high, the attrition and the noise are also slightest;Secondly ,it’s allowed to obtain in the biger gear ratio of the first gear when the center distance is smaller.According to the contour,track，wheel base，the smallest ground clearance,the smallest turning radium,the vehicles weight, the allup weight as well as the highest speed and so on, union the choosing engine model we can obtain the important parameters of the max power,the max torque, the displacement and so on. According to the basic parameters of the certain saloon,choose the suitable final drive ratio.According to the above parameters,combining the knowledge of automobile design, automobile theory, machine design and so on, calculate the correlated parameters of the gearbox and proof the rationality of the design.Its function is:①Changing gear ratio,expanding the torque of the driving wheel and the range of the rotational speed,to adapt the travel condition which frequently changes, like start, acceleration, climbing and so on, simultaneously causes the engine to work under the advantageous operating mode;②Under the premise of the invariable rotation, enables the automobile to travel back;③Using neutral, severances the power transmission, to make the engine start, idle, and is advantageous for the engine to shift gears or to carry on the dynamic output. This gearbox has five (including over drive—fifth gear) and a reverse gear, and through the inertial type of synchronizer to realize shift gears.KEY WORDS: transmission; inertial type of synchronizer;gear ratio;countershaft第一章前言现在，每当人们观看 F1 大赛，总会被那种极速的感觉所折服。

《机械制造技术课程设计-CA10B解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉加工工艺及钻M10螺纹孔夹具设计【全套图纸】》

机械制造技术课程设计题目：变速叉钻螺纹孔夹具设计院别：机电学院专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：学号：指导教师：日期： 2013年月日10M目录目录 (2)课程设计任务书 (3)序言 (4)一、零件的分析 (4)㈠零件的作用 (5)㈡零件的工艺分析 (5)二、夹具的定位结构方案设计 (7)㈠设计定位方案及定位误差分析 (7)①方案一 (9)②方案二 (9)③方案三 (10)㈡确定定位方案 (11)三、定位元件的设计 (11)i.定位心轴的设计 (11)ii.定位销的设计 (12)四、导向装置设计 (13)i.快换钻套选用 (14)ii.钻套用衬套选用 (15)iii.钻套螺钉选用 (15)五、夹紧机构设计 (16)㈠确定夹紧机构 (16)㈡夹紧元件的设计 (16)㈣夹紧力的计算 (18)㈤校核夹紧的强度 (20)六、夹具体设计 (20)七、绘制总图及确定主要尺寸、公差和技术要求 (21)八、总结 (22)九、参考资料 (23)机械制造技术基础课程设计任务书全套图纸，加153893706设计题目设计CA10B解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉加工M10螺纹孔的专用钻床夹具设计内容：1、零件图1张2、夹具结构设计装配图1张3、夹具结构设计零件图1~2张4、课程设计说明数1份序言机械制造技术基础课程设计是在我们学完了大学的全部基础课、技术基础可以及大部分专业课之后进行的。

这是我们在进行毕业设计之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性链接，也是一次理论联系实际的训练。

因此，它在我们的大学学习生活中占有十分重要的地位。

就我个人而言，我希望能通过这次课程设计对自己未来将从事的工作进行一次适应性训练，从中锻炼自己分析问题的能里，为今后参加祖国的现代化建设打下一个良好的基础。

一、零件的分析㈠零件的作用题目所给定的零件是CA10B解放汽车第四速及第五速的变速叉（见图1-1），应用在汽车变速箱的换挡机构中。

DF5S550系列变速箱使用说明书

变速箱说明书DF5S550型系列变速器东风汽车变速箱有限公司DONGFENG MOTOR TRANSMISSION CO.,LTD欢迎惠顾！对于您购买使用DF5S550型系列汽车变速器表示感谢。

为了您使用方便及确保充分发挥其性能，我们特别建议您在使用、维修之前，请仔细阅读本使用说明书，并留心列举的注意事项，以便更好地操作和保养变速器。

公司简介东风汽车变速箱有限公司是东风汽车有限公司下属的零部件子公司，是中国最大的汽车变速箱生产企业之一。

公司拥有各类工艺设备1300余台套，年综合生产能力达16.5万辆份。

公司先后通过了ISO9001：2000质量体系认证和ISO14001环境体系认证。

与东风汽车工程研究院联合成立了变速箱研发中心，不断开发适应性产品满足用户的需求。

公司现有产品分DF5S300、DF5S360、DF5S470、DF5S550、DF5S1050、DF6S650/750、DF6S900/1000、DF8S1200、DF9S1600等九个系列400多个品种，其输入扭距覆盖300-1600N.M，宽系列的产品格局可覆盖重、中、轻、客等系列车型。

公司产品除配套东风公司外，还为国内几十家汽车厂商供应变速箱产品。

公司科学的管理模式，精良的工艺设备，先进的检测手段，完善的质量保证体系为产品的高质量提供了可靠保障；优质的售后服务，赢得了用户信赖。

2000年，“东风牌”变速箱荣获中国市场商品质量调查齿轮行业“十佳品牌”第一名；2003年，“东风牌”变速箱再次荣获中国市场汽车行业“品牌、质量、价格、服务”专项调查“十佳品牌”和“质量美誉度”第一名。

本维修使用说明书详尽介绍了DF5S550系列变速箱的匹配、应用、维护、使用等知识。

供主机厂匹配，售后服务工作的参考。

东风汽车变速箱有限公司研发中心负责技术咨询、解释，营销中心负责销售和售后服务工作。

联络电话(Tel)：0719-*******传真(Fax) ：0719-*******变速箱主要技术参数1.主要技术参数超速档2箱代码：17JK3-00030直接档1箱代码：17JK1-00030直接档2箱代码：17JK2-00030直接档3箱代码：17JK4-000302.型号说明DF 5S 550变速箱输入扭矩550N.M前进档位数东风汽车公司缩写DF5S550系列变速箱传动系统图（见下图）变速箱结构特点变速箱结构是三轴式、单中间轴、定轴传动。

IV档变速叉课程设计

IV档变速叉课程设计一、课程目标知识目标：1. 学生能理解IV档变速叉的基本结构及其在汽车变速系统中的作用。

2. 学生能掌握IV档变速叉的工作原理，包括变速叉的移动、齿轮的啮合与脱离过程。

3. 学生能了解IV档变速叉的材料、加工工艺及其对变速性能的影响。

技能目标：1. 学生能够运用所学的知识，分析并解决IV档变速叉在实际应用中出现的问题。

2. 学生能够通过观察、实践等方式，掌握检测和维护IV档变速叉的方法。

3. 学生能够运用绘图工具，绘制出IV档变速叉的结构示意图。

情感态度价值观目标：1. 学生培养对汽车变速系统及其零部件的兴趣，激发学习汽车工程技术的热情。

2. 学生在学习和实践过程中，培养团队协作、沟通交流的能力，增强解决问题的信心。

3. 学生通过了解我国汽车变速技术的发展，培养民族自豪感，树立为我国汽车工业发展贡献力量的信念。

课程性质：本课程为汽车维修与检测专业课程，结合学生的实际需求和教学要求，注重理论联系实际，强调实践操作能力的培养。

学生特点：学生为中职二年级学生，已具备一定的汽车基础知识，动手能力强，但对复杂变速系统的理解尚需加强。

教学要求：教师应注重启发式教学，引导学生主动探究，通过实践操作巩固所学知识，提高学生的综合运用能力。

同时，关注学生的个体差异，给予个性化指导，确保课程目标的实现。

二、教学内容1. IV档变速叉的结构与功能- 变速叉的结构组成- 各部件的作用及相互关系- IV档变速叉在汽车变速系统中的应用2. IV档变速叉的工作原理- 变速叉的移动原理- 齿轮的啮合与脱离过程- 变速叉与齿轮之间的力学关系3. IV档变速叉的材料与加工工艺- 常用材料的特点及选择- 加工工艺对变速性能的影响- 现代加工技术在实际应用中的优势4. IV档变速叉的检测与维护- 检测方法及注意事项- 常见故障分析与排除- 维护保养措施及周期5. 实践操作- 观察和分析IV档变速叉实物- 绘制IV档变速叉结构示意图- 模拟变速叉的组装与拆解过程教学大纲安排：第一课时：IV档变速叉的结构与功能第二课时：IV档变速叉的工作原理第三课时：IV档变速叉的材料与加工工艺第四课时：IV档变速叉的检测与维护第五课时：实践操作教学内容与课本关联性：以上教学内容紧密结合教材中关于汽车变速系统的相关章节，确保学生所学知识的系统性和科学性。

5速手动变速箱使用指南说明书

5-speed Manual TransmissionThe manual transmission is syn-chronized in all forward gears for smooth operation. It has a lockout so you cannot shift directly from Fifth to Reverse. When shifting up or down, make sure you push the clutch pedal down all the way, shift to the next gear, and let the pedal up gradually. When you are not shifting, do not rest your foot on the clutch pedal. This can cause your clutch to wear out faster.Come to a full stop before you shift into reverse. You can damage the transmission by trying to shift into reverse with the car moving.Depress the clutch pedal and pause for a few seconds before putting it in reverse, or shift into one of the forward gears for a moment. This stops the gears so they won't "grind" .You can get extra braking from the engine when slowing down byshifting to a lower gear. This extra braking can help you maintain a safe speed and prevent your brakes from overheating while going down a steep hill. Before downshifting,make sure engine speed will not go into the red zone in the lower gear.Refer to the Maximum Speeds chart.Recommended Shift Points Drive in the highest gear that lets the engine run and accelerate smoothly. This will give you the best fuel economy and effective emissions control. The following shift points are recommended:CONTINUED DrivingRapid slowing or speeding-up can cause loss of control on slippery surfaces, if you crash,you can be injured.Use extra care when driving on slippery surfaces.5-speed Manual Transmission, Automatic TransmissionMaximum SpeedsThe speeds in this table are the maximums for the given gears. If you exceed these speeds, the engine speed will enter into the tachometer's red zone. If thisoccurs, you may feel the engine cut in and out. This is caused by a limiter in the engine's computer controls. The engine will run normally when you reduce the RPM below the red zone.(US: DX, LX, Canada: LX, EX)(US: EX, Canada: EX-V)Automatic Transmission Your Honda's transmission has four forward speeds, and is electro-nically controlled for smoother shifting. It also has a "lock-up"torque converter for better fuel economy. You may feel what seems like another shift when the con-verter locks.DrivingShift Lever PositionsAutomatic TransmissionThis display is on the instrument panel. It shows you the position of the shift lever.The shift lever has seven positions.It must be in Park or Neutral to start the engine. When you are stopped in D4, D3, 2,1 or R, press firmly on the brake pedal and keep your foot off the accelerator pedal.Park (P) — This position mechani-cally locks the transmission. Use Park whenever you are turning off or starting the engine. To shift out of Park, you must press on the brake pedal and have your foot off the accelerator pedal. Press the release button on the side of the shift lever to move it.You must also press the release button to shift into Park. To avoid transmission damage, come to a complete stop before shifting into Park. The shift lever must be in Park before you can remove the key from the ignition switch.If you have done all of the above and still cannot move the lever out of Park, see Shift Lock Release on page 105.DrivingSHIFT LEVERCONTINUEDAutomatic TransmissionReverse (R) — To shift to Re-verse from Park, see the explana-tion under Park. To shift to Re-verse from Neutral, come to a com-plete stop and then shift. Press the release button before shifting into Reverse from Neutral.Neutral (N) — Use Neutral if you need to restart a stalled engine, or if it is necessary to stop briefly with the engine idling. Shift to Park posi-tion if you need to leave the car for any reason. Press on the brake pe-dal when you are moving the shift lever from Neutral to another gear.Drive (D4) — Use this position for your normal driving. The transmis-sion automatically selects a suita-ble gear for your speed and acceler-ation. You may notice the transmis-sion shifting up at higher speeds when the engine is cold. This helps the engine warm up faster.Drive (D3) — This position is simi-lar to D4, except only the first three gears are selected. Use D3 toprovide engine braking when going down a steep hill. D3 can also keep the transmission from cycling between third and fourth gears in stop-and-go driving.For faster acceleration when in D3or D4, you can get the transmission to automatically downshift by push-ing the accelerator pedal to the floor. The transmission will shift down one or two gears, depending on your speed.Second (2) — To shift to Second,press the release button on the side of the shift lever. This position locks the transmission in second gear. It does not downshift to first gear when you come to a stop.Second gives you more power when climbing, and increased engine braking when going down steephills. Use second gear when start-ing out on a slippery surface or in deep snow. It will help reduce wheelspin.Whenever you move the shift lever to a lower gear, the transmission downshifts only if the engine's redline will not be exceeded in the lower gear.First (1) — To shift from Second to First, press the release button on the side of the shift lever. With the lever in this position, the transmis-sion locks in First gear. By upshift-ing and downshifting through 1, 2,D3 and D4, you can operate this transmission much like a manual transmission without a clutch pedal.DrivingAutomatic TransmissionMaximum SpeedsThe speeds in this table are the maximums for the given position.If you exceed these speeds, the engine speed will enter into the tachometer's red zone. If thisoccurs, you will feel the engine cut in and out. This is caused by a limiter in the engine's computer controls. The engine will run normally when you reduce the RPM below the red zone.(US: EX, Canada: EX-V)Shift Lock ReleaseThis allows you to move the shift lever out of Park if the normal method of pushing on the brake pedal and pressing the release button does not work.1. Set the Parking brake.2. Remove the key from the ignition switch.3. Insert the key in the Shift Lock Release slot next to the shift lever.4. Push down on the key while you press the release button and move the shift lever out of Park to Neutral.SHIFT LOCK RELEASE SLOT5. Remove the key from the Shift Lock Release slot. Depress the brake pedal and restart the engine.If you need to use the Shift Lock Release, it could mean your car is developing a problem. Have the car checked by your Honda dealer.DrivingRELEASE BUTTON(US: DX, LX, Canada: LX, EX)。

解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉_说明书

0.24 1. 16 0 mm 槽
参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表 3.1-56,因为其公差等级太低,可直接铣. 2. 槽的侧面参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表 3.1-56,其加工余量 Z=2mm.
0.045 3. Φ19 0 mm 孔的两个上端面
参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表 3.1-56, 其加工余量 Z=2mm.
(一) 确定毛坯的制造形式零件材料为 20 钢,零件经常拨动齿轮承受变载荷和冲击性载荷,因此应选用锻件, 以使金属纤维尽量不被切断,保证零件工作可靠.因为为大批量生产,且零件的轮廓尺寸不大,故采用模锻成型.这从提高生产率,保证加工精度上考虑,也是应该的. (二) 基面的选择基面选择是工艺规程设计中的重要工作之一,它对零件的生产是非常重要的. 1.粗基准的选择
f z 0.08mm / r
当采用高速钢车刀时,切削速度:V=16mm/min.
ns tm
工序Ⅴ
1000v 1000*27 318r / min 16 3.14*16 l l1 12 0.20 min 108 nw f m
0.045 钻铰Φ19 0 mm 孔,并倒角 1*450 两端. 0.045 1.钻孔Φ18.5 0 mm
这样可以修正由于基准不重合造成的加工误差,同时也照顾了加工路线方便的特点,因此最终确定如下: 工序Ⅰ
0.24 0.045 粗铣 16 0 mm 槽,以Φ19 0 mm 孔的外轮廓为粗基准定位,选用 XA6132 型万能
升降台铣床及专用夹具. 工序Ⅱ
0.24 0.045 粗铣 16 0 mm 槽的两侧面,以Φ19 0 mm 孔的外轮廓以及距槽底 32mm 的面为

5档变速叉课程设计说明书

序言机械制造工艺学课程设计是我在学习基础课、专业基础课和部分专业课后进行的，是对所学课程一次深入的综合性复习，也是一次理论联系实际的训练。

对我个人而言，希望通过这次课程设计对我的专业技术水平及解决实际问题的能力有所提升,并且对我所从事的工作从理论和实际两个方面都有一个质的提高。

由于能力有限，设计尚有许多不足之处，恳请老师给予指导。

第1章零件的分析本次课程设计题目所给的是五档变速叉，它位于发动机的速机构上，主要起换挡作用。

1.1 零件的工艺分析依据零件图纸加工面与非加工面分析零件加工表面及加工面之间的位置要求：✓孔φ22mm；✓孔φ8mm；✓叉头φ22mm成形面；✓叉头平面；✓叉口内平面；✓孔φ8mm中心与孔φ22mm中心在水平方向上23±0.25mm；（见零件图）✓孔φ8mm中心与孔φ22mm中心在垂直方向上78±0.25mm；（见零件图）✓φ8mm两孔轴线同轴度不大于0.2mm；✓φ8mm两孔公共轴线对尺寸23mm的平面内φ22mm的表面的平行度在长度100mm 上不大于0.2mm；✓φ8mm两孔公共轴线对尺寸78mm的平面的不平行度在长度100mm上不大于0.4mm；✓φ8mm和φ15mm两表面间壁厚应为2.5--4.0mm,其余应不小于2.5mm。

1.2 生产类型确定生产类型：批量生产加工设备：通用设备、采用专用工装第2章工艺规程设计2.1 确定毛坯的制造形式零件材料为45钢，结构比较简单；考虑到其在工作过程中常受交变载荷及冲击性载荷；生产类型为批量生产；故采用精密模锻毛坯，以使金属纤维尽量不被切断，保证零件工作可靠，也可提高生产率。

毛坏公差参考GB/T12362-2003钢质模锻件公差及加工余量。

2.2 选择定位基准基准选择的正确与合理，可以使加工质量得以保证，生产率得以提高。

由零件工艺分析知：孔φ22mm中心是加工φ8mm孔及叉头φ22mm的设计基准；叉口中心是加工叉口、叉头平面的设计基准。

第四速及第五速变速叉的机械加工工艺规程及加工M10螺纹孔夹具设计

指导教师意见
指导教师签名：
黑龙江八一农垦大学毕业论文（设计）
摘要
本次设计是汽车变速箱中变速叉零件的加工工艺规程及一些工序的专用夹具设计。此变速叉零件的结构较为复杂，其加工的地方主要是孔和平面。本设计先加工孔后加工面。将孔与平面的加工明确划分成粗加工和精加工阶段以保证它们的加工精度。基准选择以变速叉右面的最大的平面作为粗基准，来加工中间的通孔，然后以此加工过的孔作为精基准。主要加工工序安排是先以中心孔定位加工出顶平面和右侧平面以及下面的大孔的两平面，再以中心孔定位加工出下端的大孔。加工时是用镗床镗孔。最后以这两个孔为基准，分别加工右侧的槽和顶面的螺纹底孔。整个加工过程选用了钻床、铣床和镗床。工件在机床上定位夹紧选用专用夹具，夹紧方式为手动夹紧，夹紧可靠，操作方便。因此生产效率较高，适用于中批量、流水线上加工。能够满足设计要求。
专姓
业名
学
院
指导教师 CA10B 解放牌汽车变速叉的工艺规程及工艺装备设计
论文（设计）题目
经过了几周的学习和认识对课题有了更加深入的认识。 CA10B 解放牌汽车变速叉加工工艺及工艺规程的设计的主要任务是： (1) 完成变速叉零件加工工艺规程的制定；毕业论文（设计）前期工作小结 (2) 完成专用夹具的设计。通过对变速叉零件的初步分析，了解其零件的主要特点，加工难易程度，主要加工面和加工粗、精基准，从而制定出变速叉加工工艺规程；对于专用夹具的设计，首先分析零件的加工工艺，选取定位基准，然后再根据切销力的大小、批量生产情况来选取夹紧方式，从而设计专用夹具。在设计时遇到了很多学习时没有接触过的知识，但我在老师和同学的帮助下还是一步一步克服了缺乏相关的知识。在此次设计的中期，我主要是完成 CA10B 解放牌汽车变速叉的工艺工序设计阶段，填写加工工艺过程卡片和工序卡片并开始进行设计夹具。为最后顺利的完成设计任务打好基础。

第四速及第五速变速叉说明书

机械制造工艺学课程设计设计题目设计“解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉”零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备内装1、零件图一张2、毛坯图一张3、机械加工工艺过程综合卡片一张4、夹具总装图一张5、夹具零件图一张手绘两张cad6、说明书一份工程机械学院25041004班设计者15 王东升指导教师张接信、高琳完成日期2014 年1 月15 日成绩（长安大学）《机械制造工艺学》课程设计说明书设计题目：设计“解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉”零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备设计者：王东升指导教师：***长安大学机制教研室2014年1月15日长安大学机械制造工艺学课程设计任务书题目：设计拨叉（CA6140车床)零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备内容：1.零件图1张2.毛坯图1张3.机械加工工艺过程综合卡片1张4.夹具装配图1张5.夹具零件图3张6.课程设计说明书1份班级：25041004班学生：王东升指导教师：高琳教研室主任：张接信2014年1月目录一.序言二.零件的分析（一）零件的作用（二）零件的工艺分析三.工艺规程设计（一）确定毛坯的制造形式（二）基面的选择（三）制订工艺路线（四）机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸确定（五）确定切削用量及基本工时四．夹具设计（一）定位基准的选择（二）切削力及夹紧力计算（三）定位误差分析（四）夹具设计及操作的简要说明五.参考文献一．序言机械制造工艺学课程设计是在大学全部基础课,技术基础课以及大部分专业课完成以后进行的.这是我们在进行毕业设计之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性的总复习,也是一次理论联系实际的训练,因此,它在我们大学四年的的学习中占有重要地位.就我个人而言,希望能通过这次课程设计对自己即将从事的工作进行一次适应性训练,从中锻炼自己分析问题,解决问题的能力.由于能力有限,设计尚有诸多不足之处,恳请各位老师多多指教.二.零件的分析(一) 零件的作用题目所给定的零件是解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉,它位于变速箱中,主要重用是拨动变速箱中的齿轮,使汽车达到变速的目的. (二) 零件的工艺分析此变速叉共有两组加工表面,它们之间有一定的位置要求,现分述如下:1.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔为中心的加工表面.这组加工表面包括:Φ19045.00+mm 孔及其倒角,孔上端尺寸为1624.00+mm 的槽,槽的外侧厚度为10.8mm 的两个侧面, Φ19045.00+mm 孔的上端距其中心12mm 的两个端面,还有孔下端M10的螺纹孔.2.以Φ82.210+mm 孔为中心的加工表面.这组加工表面包括: Φ82.210+mm 的孔及其倒角, Φ82.210+mm 的孔的侧面,距M10螺纹孔中心线63.7mm.这两组加工表面有着一定的位置要求,主要是:Φ82.210+mm 孔与其外端面垂直度公差为0.1mm.由以上分析可知,对于这两组加工表面而言,可以先加工其中一组表面,然后借助专用夹具加工另一组表面,并保证他们之间的位置精度要求.三．工艺规程设计(一) 确定毛坯的制造形式零件材料为20钢,零件经常拨动齿轮承受变载荷和冲击性载荷,因此应选用锻件,以使金属纤维尽量不被切断,保证零件工作可靠.因为为大批量生产,且零件的轮廓尺寸不大,故采用模锻成型.这从提高生产率,保证加工精度上考虑,也是应该的. (二) 基面的选择基面选择是工艺规程设计中的重要工作之一,它对零件的生产是非常重要的.1.粗基准的选择现选取Φ19045.00+mm 孔的外轮廓不加工面作为粗基准,利用一组共两个V 形块夹持外轮廓做为主要定位面,以消除自由度.2.精基准的选择主要考虑基准重合的问题,当设计基准与工序基准不重合时,应该进行尺寸换算,这在以后还要专门计算,此处不再重复. (三) 制订工艺路线制订工艺路线的出发点,应当是使零件的几何形状,尺寸精度及位置精度的技术要求能得到合理的保证.爱生产纲领已确定为大批量生产的条件下,可以考虑采用万能性机床以及专用夹具,并尽量使工序集中来提高生产率.除此之外,还应当考虑经济效果,以便使生产成本尽量降低. 工艺路线工序Ⅰ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位. 工序Ⅱ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽的两侧面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位. 工序Ⅲ 粗铣距Φ19045.00+mm 中心12mm 的两个端面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽底为基准.工序Ⅳ 1624.00+mm 槽两端1.5*450倒角. 工序Ⅴ 钻铰Φ19045.00+mm 孔并倒角.工序Ⅵ 钻距槽(1624.00+mm)12mm 底面M10螺纹孔并倒角.工序Ⅶ 攻螺纹M10.工序Ⅷ 粗铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面. 工序Ⅸ 粗镗Φ81.710+mm 孔. 工序Ⅹ 精镗Φ82.210+mm 孔. 工序Ⅺ Φ82.210+mm 孔1*450倒角工序Ⅻ 精铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面.工序ⅩⅢ 终检.上述方案主要是以Φ19045.00+mm 孔位基准,来加工1624.00+mm 槽,M10螺纹,槽的两侧面,这样可以修正由于基准不重合造成的加工误差,同时也照顾了加工路线方便的特点,因此最终确定如下:工序Ⅰ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔的外轮廓为粗基准定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅱ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽的两侧面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔的外轮廓以及距槽底32mm 的面为基准,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅲ 粗铣Φ19045.00+mm 孔上端两端面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅳ 1624.00+mm 槽1.5*450倒角,选用C620-1车床及专用夹具. 工序Ⅴ 钻铰Φ19045.00+mm 孔并倒角.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及端面定位,选用Z5125立式钻床及专用夹具.工序Ⅵ 钻距槽(1624.00+mm)12mm 底面M10螺纹孔并倒角.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽底定位,选用Z5125立式钻床及专用夹具.工序Ⅶ 攻螺纹M10.工序Ⅷ 粗铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅸ 粗镗Φ81.710+mm 孔.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽为基准,选用T740双面卧式金刚镗床及专用夹具.工序Ⅹ 精镗Φ82.210+mm 孔. .以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽为基准,选用T740双面卧式金刚镗床及专用夹具.工序Ⅺ Φ82.210+mm 孔1*450倒角.选用C620-1型车床及专用夹具. 工序Ⅻ 精铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面. 以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序ⅩⅢ 终检.(四) 机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸确定.“变速叉”零件材料为20钢,毛坯重量约1.5Kg,生产类型为大批量生产,采用锻锤上合模锻毛坯.根据上述资料及加工工艺,分别确定各加工表面的机加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸如下:1. 1624.00+mm 槽参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56,因为其公差等级太低,可直接铣. 2. 槽的侧面参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56,其加工余量Z=2mm.3. Φ19045.00+mm 孔的两个上端面参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56, 其加工余量Z=2mm.4. Φ82.210+mm 孔的两侧面,铣削公差-0.22mm.参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56, 其加工余量Z=2mm.精铣余量:单边0.7mm(见<<工艺设计手册>>表8-31),铣削余量:Z=2.0-0.7=1.3mm,锻件偏差3.15.0+-mm 。

两轴式五档变速器说明书

目录前言................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

第一章设计方案.. (1)1.1 设计方案和基本数据 (1)1.2 变速器设计的基本要求 (1)第二章变速器主要参数的选择 (1)2.1变速器主要参数的选择 (1)2.2变速器齿轮的设计计算 (4)第三章齿轮的校核 (11)3.1 齿轮的损坏形式 (11)3.2齿轮材料及加工方法 (11)3.3 计算各轴转矩 (12)3.4齿轮弯曲强度计算 (12)3.5齿轮接触应力计算 (14)3.6计算一档齿轮的受力 (16)第四章轴的设计计算 (17)4.1 轴的强度计算 (17)4.2 初选轴的直径............................................ 错误!未定义书签。

4.3轴的强度验算 (4)第五章轴承校核 (11)5.1 输入轴轴承校核 (11)5.2 初选轴承型号 (11)5.3计算轴承的寿命 (20)参考文献................................... (22)第一章设计方案1.1 设计方案和基本数据乘用车（二轴式）基本参数如下表表1-1设计基本参数表1.2 变速器设计的基本要求对变速器如下基本要求.1）保证汽车有必要的动力性和经济性。

2）设置空挡，用来切断发动机动力向驱动轮的传输。

3）设置倒档，使汽车能倒退行驶。

4）设置动力输出装置，需要时能进行功率输出。

5）换挡迅速，省力，方便。

6）工作可靠。

汽车行驶过程中，变速器不得有跳挡，乱挡以及换挡冲击等现象发生。

7）变速器应当有高的工作效率。

除此以外，变速器还应当满足轮廓尺寸和质量小，制造成本低，维修方便等要求。

满足汽车有必要的动力性和经济性指标，这与变速器的档数，传动比范围和各挡传动比有关。

变速器换挡叉说明书

任务书课程设计题目为：设计换挡叉零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备生产纲领：中批或大批生产（4000件/年）。

设计的要求包括以下几个部分：零件图 1张毛坯图 1张机械加工工艺过程卡 1张机械加工工序卡片 1套夹具设计装配图 1张主要零件图 1张课程设计说明书 1份课程设计总学时数为2周，其进度及时间大致分配如下：①熟悉零件，画零件图约占8％（1天）①选择加工方案，确定工艺路线和工艺尺寸，画毛坯图、填写工艺过程卡片、工序卡片约占25％（3天）③工艺装备设计(画总装图及主要零件图) 约占45％（5天）其中：查资料，讨论工件在夹具中的定位、夹紧方案 1天结构设计 2天夹具装配图标注 1天绘制零件图 1天④编写设计说明书约占14％（2天）⑤准备及答辩约占8％（1天）班级：君远1002姓名：学号：指导老师：目录1．对零件进行工艺分析，画零件图1.1换挡叉的概述 (3)1.2换挡叉的技术要求 (3)1.3分析换挡叉的工艺性 (4)1.4确定换挡叉的工艺类型 (4)2．毛坯的选择2.1确定毛坯的类型、制造方法和尺寸及精度等级 (4)2.2确定毛坯的技术要求 (5)2.3绘制毛坯图 (5)3．选择基准，制订零件的机械加工工艺路线3.1粗基准 (6)3.2精基准 (6)3.3工艺路线方案 (6)3.4工艺路线确定 (7)4确定切削用量及基本工时4.1切削用量的计算 (7)4.2基本工时的计算 (9)5.φ19、φ20两端面铣削专用机床夹具设计5.1约束自由度 (11)5.2设计夹具定位夹紧装置 (11)5.3定位误差分析 (11)6.参考文献 (11)1．对零件进行工艺分析，画零件图1.1换挡叉的概述1.1.1换挡叉的功用换挡叉头以孔套在变素差叉轴上，并用销钉经孔与变速叉轴联接，换挡叉脚则夹在双联变换齿轮的槽中，当需要变速时，操纵变速杆，变速操纵机构就通过换挡叉头部的操纵槽带动换挡叉与变速叉轴一起在变速箱中滑移，换挡叉脚拨动双联变速齿轮在花键轴上滑动以变换档位，从而改变机器的运转速度。

五速同步手动变速箱用户操作指南说明书

Shifting the 5 SpeedThe fully synchronized manualtransmission is very easy to shiftup or down. When you slow downfor traffic, steep hills, or corners,shift to a lower gear before theengine starts to labor. When de-scending steep grades, select alower gear to help maintain a safespeed and to prevent the brakesfrom overheating.When shifting, depress the clutchpedal fully, shift gears and then release the clutch gradually. Do not speed-shift; allow time for the gears to synchronize.To prevent grinding the gears when shifting into reverse, hold the clutch pedal depressed briefly before shifting, or shift the lever into one of the forward gears before selecting reverse.A safety lockout prevents accidental shifting straight from 5th to Reverse.Avoid rapid acceleration or sudden deceleration when either or both driving wheels are on a slippery surface. Decreased traction could cause loss of directional control.CAUTION:Do not drive with your foot on the clutch pedal as this will causepremature wear of clutch components.Do not shift into reverse while the car is moving.(cont'd)Shifting the 5 Speed (cont'd)Maximum Allowable SpeedsThe speeds shown below are the maximum at which the car can be driven or downshifted in each gear without over-revving the engine.Recommended Shift SpeedsFor best fuel economy, and effective emission control, shift at the speeds shown:Shifting the AutomaticThe automatic transmission shift lever has a locking mechanism to prevent accidental shifting into Reverse (R), Park (P) or 2nd (2). Also,an Automatic Shift Lock prevents you from shifting out of Park unless the brake pedal is already depressed and the ignition switch is in the II position.Push the button on the shift handle to shift into 2nd, Reverse or Park; depress the brake pedal and then push the button on the shifthandle to shift out of Park.: Depress the brake pedal firstand push the button, then shift.: Push the button, then shift.: Shift as desired.If you cannot shift out of Park with the brake pedal depressed and the ignition switch in the II position:1.Turn the ignition switch off and remove the key.2. Insert the key in the Shift Lock Release located to the right of the shift lever.3. Press and hold the key down,then press the button on the shift handle and move the shift lever to Neutral.4. Return the key to the ignition switch, depress the brake pedal and restart the engine.NOTE:If you encounter any problem shifting out of Park, have your authorized Honda dealer check the system as soon as possible.Depress buttonInsertSHIFT LOCK RELEASEKEY(cont'd)Operating TipsFor smoother operation, apply the brakes when shifting from Neutral or Park to a forward or reverse gear.When parking: bring the car to a stop with the foot brake, hold the brake on and shift into Park, set the hand brake and then turn off the engine.NOTE:Your 4 speed automatic transmission is equipped with a torque converter lock-up clutch. Because of this, you may notice what feels like an extra shift as the clutch engages.CAUTION:Shift into P only after the car has come to a complete stop.Shift into or out of R only after the car has come to a complete stop.Do not "rev-up" the engine when the brake is on and the shiftlever is in D, S, 2 or R.When stopped on a hill, use the brakes to hold your position, not the accelerator pedal.Do not shift from N or P into D, S, 2 or R when the engine is above idle speed. Before shifting into gear, make sure your footis firmly on the brake pedal.Do not rest your hand on the shift lever or push the shift button while driving.Driving TechniqueD-4thUse the D range for normal in-town and highway driving. The car will start off in 1st and shift automatically to 2nd, 3rd, and 4th. The further down you push the accelerator, the later the transmission will shift and the faster the car will accelerate.S 3 / S 4The "S " shift selector range changes the shift points under part throttle acceleration, allowing the transmission to stay in each lower gear for a longer period before automatically upshifting. With the shift selector in the "S " range, the "S 3" indicator light in the instrument panel will come on and the transmission will shift from 1st to 2nd and 3rd but not 4th. This is especially useful when climbing or descending grades. While driving in the "S " range, the car's performance is improved but fuel economy is reduced.Shifting the Automatic (cont'd)While driving in the "S " range, you can select 4th gear by pushing th e "S 4" switch. Depending upon vehicle speed and throttle pedal position, the transmission will shift to 4th gear when the switch is pressed ; the "S 4" indicator light in the instrument panel will come on . Pushing the "S 4" switch again will cause the transmission to downshift to 3rd gear in the "S 3" mode. The "S 4" indicator light in th e instrument panel will go out, and the "S 3" light in the instrument panel will come on I f the shift lever is moved to any other driving range, the "S 4".switch will be cancelled automatically.NOTE:In both the D and S modes, the transmission holds in 2nd while you are stopped in gear. When you start moving again, thetransmission shifts to 1st, then 2nd and so on.If rapid acceleration is necessary, depress the accelerator to the floor; the transmission will automatically shift down according to load and engine speed. This applies to both D and S ranges.(cont'd)S 4SWITCH2-2ndUse 2nd gear for increased engine braking when driving downhill,and increased power when driving uphill; also for driving on slippery roads, and freeing the car from mud or sand, where 1st gear could provide too much power and cause skidding or wheelspin. The maximum recommended speed in 2nd gear is:60 mph (97 km/h)R-Reverse CAUTION:Shift into or out of reverse only after the car has come to a complete stop; the transmission may be damaged if you shift while the car is moving.P-ParkCAUTION:Use this position when starting the engine, or when parking. Shift into Park only when the car is COMPLETELY stopped.N-NeutralUse when starting the engine or during prolonged idling in traffic.Shiftin gthe Automatic (cont'd)Towing a TrailerYour car is designed primarily to carry passengers and a normal amount of luggage. Although your car is capable of towing a trailer, there will be an effect on handling, performance, braking, general vehicle and tire durability and fuel economy.The weight of the trailer plus its cargo must not exceed a totalof 1,000 Ibs. (450 kg).The gross vehicle weight must not exceed the Gross VehicleWeight Rating (GVWR) indicated on the Certification label (see page 131 ). The gross vehicle weight is the total weight of the car, driver, passengers, luggage, hitch and trailer tongue load.The total weight supported by each axle must not exceed theGross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). The front and rear GAWR's are shown on the Certification label (page 131 ). The distribution of luggage and passengers in the car, as well as the tongue load and hitch weight should also be considered in terms of the GAWR, which is the maximum amount of weight that should be supported over the front and the rear axles. You should have your car and trailer weighed at a commercial weighing station to check both the GVWR and GAWR's to confirm that the total weight and weight distribution are within safe driving limits.The maximum trailer tongue load must not exceed 100 Ibs. (45kg). Cargo should be distributed so that the tongue load is approximately 10% of the total weight of the trailer and its cargo. This is done by distributing approximately 60% of cargo weight toward the front of the trailer and 40% toward the rear.TRAILER WEIGHT TONGUE LOADMaximum: 1,000 Ibs (450 kg)Maximum: 100 Ibs (45 kg)Never load the trailer so that the back is heavier than the front.This will seriously affect vehicle handling. Be sure the cargo is secured so that it will not move during driving.(cont'd)Towing a Trailer (cont'd)HitchesUse only a hitch recommended by your Honda dealer. The hitch should be bolted securely to the car and installed by a qualified technician. Do not use a hitch designed for temporary installation and never use one that attaches only to the bumper.Trailer Brakes and Safety ChainsThe Honda Automobile Division recommends that trailers equipped with brakes should conform to any applicable federal and state regulations. When using a trailer equipped with electric brakes, a trailer brake controller that connects to the car's electrical system is recommended. Installing a brake controller that connects to the car's brake hydraulic system could result in brake fluid contamination or leaks. A safety chain must always be used between the car and the trailer. Leave sufficient slack in the chain so that it does not bind in sharp turns. The chain should cross under the trailer tongue to prevent the tongue from dropping to the ground.TiresMake sure your car's tires are properly inflated. Adjust tire pressure to the recommended tire pressure indicated on the label attached to the edge of the driver's door. The trailer tires should be of the proper size, load rating and inflated to the pressure recommended by the trailer manufacturer.Trailer LightsTrailer lights must comply with federal, state and local regulations. See your local recreational vehicle dealer or rental agency for the correct type of lighting and wiring for your trailer. Check for correct operation of the turn signals and stop lights each time you hitch up.CAUTION:Connections to your car's electrical system should be made by your Honda dealer or a qualified electrician. Improper installation may damage your vehicle's electrical system and cause a malfunction of the lights.Break-in ScheduleDo not tow a trailer during the 600 miles (1,000 km) break-in period: see page 2 .MaintenanceIf you tow a trailer, your vehicle will require more frequent maintenance due to the additional load. Refer to the "Maintenance schedule under severe driving conditions" on page 82 for specific information.Before TowingWith the car and trailer completely loaded and parked on a level surface, confirm that the tongue loading is correct. If the car has an abnormal nose-up or nose-down attitude, check for improper cargo distribution. Check also for excessive cargo weight, worn suspension or other causes and correct the problem before driving. Be sure the cargo is secured so it will not shift while driving. Check that your rearview mirrors conform to any federal, state or local regulations. If not, install rearview mirrors designed for towing. Before towing a trailer, practice turning, stopping and reversing with a trailer in an area away from traffic until you learn the technique.(cont'd)Towing a Trailer (cont'd)Towing SafetyStopping distance will be increased when towing a trailer. Foreach 10 mph (16 km/h) of speed, allow at least two car lengths between you and the vehicle ahead. Avoid sudden braking which may cause trailer jackknifing and loss of control.Avoid jerky starts and sudden acceleration. If your car has amanual transmission, always start out in first gear and release the clutch at moderate engine rpm.Avoid rapid lane changing and sharp turns. The trailer could hityour car in a tight turn. Slow down before making a turn. Remember, the total length of your car plus trailer will require a wider turning circle.Crosswinds may adversely affect handling of your car andtrailer. Use the rearview mirrors frequently to warn you of approaching large vehicles that may pass you causing your car and trailer to sway. When being passed, firmly grip the steering wheel and be prepared to reduce speed immediately but gradually. Never increase speed. Steer straight ahead.Towing a trailer in bad weather will magnify any difficulty incontrolling the car caused by the weather itself. Avoid sudden maneuvers: slow down and use extra caution.Be careful when passing other vehicles. Passing requiresconsiderable distance because of the added weight and length of your trailer.CAUTION:Before starting out, check the operation of the lights and all car/trailer connections. After driving a short distance, stop and recheck the lights and connections.Reversing is difficult and requires practice. While backing-up,the trailer may pivot off-course. To correct for this, grip the bottom of the steering wheel and move your hand to the left to move the trailer to the left; or to the right to move the trailer to the right. Turn the steering wheel a little at a time, and keep thespeed very low. Have someone guide you when backing.To help prevent overheating of the brakes, shift into a lower gear to make use of engine braking before descending steep orlong grades. Do not make sudden downshifts.Pay strict attention to the coolant temperature gauge when going up hills. Because of the added load of the trailer, your car's engine may overheat on hot days. Turning off the air conditionerwill reduce the load on the cooling system.On cars equipped with automatic transmission. '— Do not hold the car stationary on an incline by using the accelerator pedal; this can cause the transmission fluid to overheat. Instead, use the handbrake or foot brake.— When towing trailers, avoid high transmission fluid temperatures (caused by the transmission frequently shifting between 3rd and 4th gears) by driving in S 3.NOTE:Be sure to check state and local laws concerning maximum speed or other driving restrictions for cars towing trailers. If you are driving across several states, check each state's requirements before leaving home, because restrictions may vary,Parking with a Trailer Whenever parking your car on an incline with a trailer attached,place and seat chocks at each wheel of the car and trailer. This is in addition to the normal parking preparations of firmly applying the parking brake and placing the transmission in first or reverse (manual transmission) or P (automatic transmission).CAUTION:Parking on an incline is not recommended and should be done only if it cannot be avoided. Follow all precautions mentioned above and turn the wheels to point towards a curb if facing downhill,away from a curb if facing uphill. When leaving an inclined parking place, move the car slightly to unseat the chocks. Then while keeping the foot brakes firmly applied, have an assistant removethe chocks.。

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机械制造工艺学课程设计设计题目设计“解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉”零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备内装1、零件图一张2、毛坯图一张3、机械加工工艺过程综合卡片一张4、夹具总装图一张5、夹具零件图一张手绘两张cad6、说明书一份工程机械学院25041004班设计者15 王东升指导教师张接信、高琳完成日期2014 年1 月15 日成绩（长安大学）《机械制造工艺学》课程设计说明书设计题目：设计“解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉”零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备设计者：王东升指导教师：高琳长安大学机制教研室2014年1月15日长安大学机械制造工艺学课程设计任务书题目：设计拨叉（CA6140车床)零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备内容：1.零件图1张2.毛坯图1张3.机械加工工艺过程综合卡片1张4.夹具装配图1张5.夹具零件图3张6.课程设计说明书1份班级：25041004班学生：王东升指导教师：高琳教研室主任：张接信2014年1月目录一.序言二.零件的分析（一）零件的作用（二）零件的工艺分析三.工艺规程设计（一）确定毛坯的制造形式（二）基面的选择（三）制订工艺路线（四）机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸确定（五）确定切削用量及基本工时四．夹具设计（一）定位基准的选择（二）切削力及夹紧力计算（三）定位误差分析（四）夹具设计及操作的简要说明五.参考文献一．序言机械制造工艺学课程设计是在大学全部基础课,技术基础课以及大部分专业课完成以后进行的.这是我们在进行毕业设计之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性的总复习,也是一次理论联系实际的训练,因此,它在我们大学四年的的学习中占有重要地位.就我个人而言,希望能通过这次课程设计对自己即将从事的工作进行一次适应性训练,从中锻炼自己分析问题,解决问题的能力.由于能力有限,设计尚有诸多不足之处,恳请各位老师多多指教.二.零件的分析(一) 零件的作用题目所给定的零件是解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉,它位于变速箱中,主要重用是拨动变速箱中的齿轮,使汽车达到变速的目的. (二) 零件的工艺分析此变速叉共有两组加工表面,它们之间有一定的位置要求,现分述如下:1.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔为中心的加工表面.这组加工表面包括:Φ19045.00+mm 孔及其倒角,孔上端尺寸为1624.00+mm 的槽,槽的外侧厚度为10.8mm 的两个侧面, Φ19045.00+mm 孔的上端距其中心12mm 的两个端面,还有孔下端M10的螺纹孔.2.以Φ82.210+mm 孔为中心的加工表面.这组加工表面包括: Φ82.210+mm 的孔及其倒角, Φ82.210+mm 的孔的侧面,距M10螺纹孔中心线63.7mm.这两组加工表面有着一定的位置要求,主要是:Φ82.21+mm孔与其外端面垂直度公差为0.1mm.由以上分析可知,对于这两组加工表面而言,可以先加工其中一组表面,然后借助专用夹具加工另一组表面,并保证他们之间的位置精度要求. 三．工艺规程设计(一)确定毛坯的制造形式零件材料为20钢,零件经常拨动齿轮承受变载荷和冲击性载荷,因此应选用锻件,以使金属纤维尽量不被切断,保证零件工作可靠.因为为大批量生产,且零件的轮廓尺寸不大,故采用模锻成型.这从提高生产率,保证加工精度上考虑,也是应该的.(二)基面的选择基面选择是工艺规程设计中的重要工作之一,它对零件的生产是非常重要的.1.粗基准的选择现选取Φ19045.0+mm孔的外轮廓不加工面作为粗基准,利用一组共两个V形块夹持外轮廓做为主要定位面,以消除自由度.2.精基准的选择主要考虑基准重合的问题,当设计基准与工序基准不重合时,应该进行尺寸换算,这在以后还要专门计算,此处不再重复.(三)制订工艺路线制订工艺路线的出发点,应当是使零件的几何形状,尺寸精度及位置精度的技术要求能得到合理的保证.爱生产纲领已确定为大批量生产的条件下,可以考虑采用万能性机床以及专用夹具,并尽量使工序集中来提高生产率.除此之外,还应当考虑经济效果,以便使生产成本尽量降低. 工艺路线工序Ⅰ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位. 工序Ⅱ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽的两侧面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位.工序Ⅲ 粗铣距Φ19045.00+mm 中心12mm 的两个端面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽底为基准.工序Ⅳ 1624.00+mm 槽两端1.5*450倒角. 工序Ⅴ 钻铰Φ19045.00+mm 孔并倒角.工序Ⅵ 钻距槽(1624.00+mm)12mm 底面M10螺纹孔并倒角.工序Ⅶ 攻螺纹M10.工序Ⅷ 粗铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面. 工序Ⅸ 粗镗Φ81.710+mm 孔. 工序Ⅹ 精镗Φ82.210+mm 孔. 工序Ⅺ Φ82.210+mm 孔1*450倒角工序Ⅻ 精铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面.工序ⅩⅢ 终检.上述方案主要是以Φ19045.00+mm 孔位基准,来加工1624.00+mm 槽,M10螺纹,槽的两侧面,这样可以修正由于基准不重合造成的加工误差,同时也照顾了加工路线方便的特点,因此最终确定如下:工序Ⅰ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔的外轮廓为粗基准定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅱ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽的两侧面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔的外轮廓以及距槽底32mm 的面为基准,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅲ 粗铣Φ19045.00+mm 孔上端两端面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅳ 1624.00+mm 槽1.5*450倒角,选用C620-1车床及专用夹具. 工序Ⅴ 钻铰Φ19045.00+mm 孔并倒角.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及端面定位,选用Z5125立式钻床及专用夹具.工序Ⅵ 钻距槽(1624.00+mm)12mm 底面M10螺纹孔并倒角.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽底定位,选用Z5125立式钻床及专用夹具.工序Ⅶ 攻螺纹M10.工序Ⅷ 粗铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅸ 粗镗Φ81.710+mm 孔.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽为基准,选用T740双面卧式金刚镗床及专用夹具.工序Ⅹ 精镗Φ82.210+mm 孔. .以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽为基准,选用T740双面卧式金刚镗床及专用夹具.工序Ⅺ Φ82.210+mm 孔1*450倒角.选用C620-1型车床及专用夹具. 工序Ⅻ 精铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面. 以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序ⅩⅢ 终检.(四) 机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸确定.“变速叉”零件材料为20钢,毛坯重量约1.5Kg,生产类型为大批量生产,采用锻锤上合模锻毛坯.根据上述资料及加工工艺,分别确定各加工表面的机加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸如下:1. 1624.00+mm 槽参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表 3.1-56,因为其公差等级太低,可直接铣.2. 槽的侧面参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56,其加工余量Z=2mm.3. Φ19045.00+mm 孔的两个上端面参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56, 其加工余量Z=2mm.4. Φ82.210+mm 孔的两侧面,铣削公差-0.22mm.参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56, 其加工余量Z=2mm.精铣余量:单边0.7mm(见<<工艺设计手册>>表8-31),铣削余量:Z=2.0-0.7=1.3mm,锻件偏差3.15.0+-mm 。

由于设计规定的零件为大批量生产,应该采用调整法加工.因此在计算最大,最小加工余量时,应按调整法加工方式予以确定.5. Φ19045.00+mm 孔参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>, 其加工余量2Z=2mm.钻孔Φ18.5045.00+mm,铰孔Φ19045.00+mm. 6. Φ82.210+mm 孔参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>, 其加工余量2Z=2.5mm.粗镗Φ81.710+mm,精镗Φ82.210+mm.厚度为8mm 的两端面尺寸加工余量和工序间余量. 毛坯名义尺寸: 8+2*2=12mm毛坯最大尺寸: 12+1.3*2=14.6mm 毛坯最小尺寸: 12-0.5*2=11mm 粗铣后最大尺寸: 8+0.7*2=9.4mm 粗铣后最小尺寸: 9.4-2*0.22=8.96mm精铣尺寸与零件尺寸相符,即82.03.0+-mm.(五) 确定切削用量及基本工时工序Ⅰ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽,保证尺寸1624.00+mm.f z =0.06mm/齿切削速度:参考有关手册,V=22.8m/min. 采用W18Cr4V 立铣刀,d w =16mm,Z=3,则: n s =dw v π1000=16*14.38.22*1000=454r/min f m =f z zn w =0.06*3*420=75.6mm/min1222l l l mm ++= 12220.29min 75.6m ml l l t f ++=== 工序Ⅱ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽两侧面。

0.12/z f mm =齿切削速度：参考有关手册，V=27m/min 。

采用高速钢三面刃圆盘铣刀，80w d mm =，Z=10。

10001000*27107.5/min 3.14*80s w v n r d π=== 0.12*10*90108/min m z w f f zn mm === 1260l l l mm ++= 12600.56min 108m m l l l t f ++=== 工序Ⅲ粗铣Φ19045.00+mm 孔上端两端面。

0.12/z f mm =齿切削速度：参考有关手册，确定V=27m/min 。

采用高速钢三面刃圆盘铣刀，80w d mm =，Z=10。

10001000*27108/min 3.14*80s w v n r d π=== 0.12*10*90108/min m z w f f zn mm === 1212l l l mm ++= 12120.11min 108m m l l l t f ++=== 工序Ⅳ1624.00+mm 槽1.5*450倒角,选用卧式车床C620-1, 0.08/z f mm r =当采用高速钢车刀时,切削速度:V=16mm/min .10001000*27318/min 16 3.14*16s v n r π===1120.20min 108m w m l l t n f +=== 工序Ⅴ钻铰Φ19045.00+mm 孔,并倒角1*450两端. 1.钻孔Φ18.5045.00+mm 0.35~0.430.35/z f mm r ==18.5w d mm =,V=17m/min.采用高速钢钻头, 10001000*17285/min 16 3.14*18.5s v n r π=== 1240l l l mm ++=12400.41min 285*0.35m w m l l l t n f ++=== 2.铰孔Φ19045.00+mm. 0.7/z f mm r =采用高速钢绞刀,V=14.7m/min.10001000*14.7246/min 19 3.14*19s v n r π===12450.28min 250*0.7m w m l l l t n f ++=== 3.Φ19045.00+mm 孔倒角1*450两端.采用900锪钻,为缩短辅助时间,取倒角时的主轴转速与铰孔相同.246/min s n r = 工序Ⅵ钻M10螺纹孔并倒角1200 0.1/z f mm r =采用麻花钻,V=20m/min.10001000*20637/min 10*3.14s v n r d π===12150.24min 637*0.1m w m l l l t n f ++=== 工序Ⅶ攻螺纹M10.V=6m/min 10001000*20238/min 10*3.14s v n r d π=== 12160.24min 195*1m w m l l l t n f ++=== 工序Ⅷ 粗铣Φ82.210+mm 孔端面.0.2/z f mm r =采用高速钢圆柱铣刀,100w d mm =,Z=10,V=20m/min10001000*2063.7/min 100*3.14s v n r d π===60600.75min 0.2*65*100m z w w t f n d === 工序Ⅸ粗镗Φ81.710+mm 孔 1.0/z f mm r =采用双刃镗刀,V=40m/min .10001000*40156/min 81.7*3.14s v n r d π===0.96min m t = 工序Ⅹ精镗Φ82.210+mm 孔. 0.6/z f mm r =V=35m/min10001000*35136/min 82.2*3.14s v n r d π===0.64min m t = 工序ⅪΦ82.210+mm 孔1*450倒角.0.08/z f mm r =V=16m/min 10001000*1662/min 82.2*3.14s v n r d π=== 50.48min 0.08*65m t == 工序Ⅻ 精铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面0.06/z f mm =齿采用高速钢圆柱铣刀,V=31m/min .100w d mm = 10z = 10001000*3198/min 100*3.14s v n r d π=== 601min 58.8m t == 工序ⅩⅢ 终检。