中医术语英译

CHAPTER 1肝阳liver yang肝气liver qi肝开窍于眼liver open at the eyes肺开窍于鼻lung open at the nose心开窍于舌heart open at the tongue上亢ascendant hyperactivity肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang阳盛yang exuberance阴盛yin exuberance阳衰yang debilitation阴衰yin debilitation传统医学traditional medicine中医traditional Chinese medicine中西医结合integration of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine 阴阳学说yin-yang theory五行学说five-phase theory中医基础理论basic theory of TCM中医诊断学traditional Chinese diagnostics方剂学formula study经方classified formula合方combined formula改方modified formula经络学说meridian and collateral (study) 经脉meridian vessel穴位acupuncture points头皮针scalp acupuncture耳针auricular acupuncture中药学traditional Chinese pharmacy中医养生traditional Chinese life nurturing 中医康复traditional Chinese rehabilitation 中医护理traditional Chinese nursing整体观念holism五脏five viscera六腑six bowelsCHAPTER 2精气学说essential qi theory肾精kidney essence清气clear qi清阳clear yang清热clear heat阳虚yang deficiency虚火deficiency fire血逆blood counterflow气逆qi counterflow过虑伤肺excessive anxiety damage the lung 气闭qi block热闭heat block阳脱证yang collapse pattern津脱fluid collapse补阳tonify yang补气tonify qi补血tonify blood苍天之气heaven qi气机qi dynamic陈腐之气stale qi气陷qi fall正气healthy qi气滞qi stagnation阳证yang pattern胃热证stomach heat pattern证型pattern type阴中之阴yin within yin阳中之阴yin within yang阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang治本treat the root阴阳消长waxing and wanting of yin and yang月有阴晴圆缺the waxing and wanting of the moon 阴阳调和harmony of yin and yang气血不调disharmony of qi and blood调和气血harmonize the qi and the blood和胃harmonize stomach和法harmonizing method阳盛阴虚yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity表实exterior excess实寒excess cold虚实夹杂deficiency-excess complex表证exterior pattern表虚exterior deficiency里虚interior deficiency里实interior excess表里关系exterior-interior relation阴阳转化yin-yang conversion由实转虚conversion of excess into deficiency阴阳格拒yin and yang repulsion冷热格拒cold and heat repulsion阳邪yang pathogen阴邪yin pathogen五行five phases木行wood phase土生金earth engenders metal木生火wood engenders fire土克水earth restrains water木克土wood restrains earth木乘土wood overwhelms earth水乘火water overwhelms fire水侮土water rebels earth木侮金wood rebels metal金侮火metal rebels fire母子相及mother and child inter-affectingMother and child affecting each other CHAPTER 3先天之气innate qi先天之精innate essence后天之气acquired qi后天之精acquired essence肝肾同源homogeny of liver and kidney精血同源homogeny of essence and blood命门之火life gate fire气门qi gate君火sovereign fire / heart fire相火ministerial fire正气healthy qi宗气ancestral qi元气source qi原穴source point卫分defence aspect卫气defence qi运化transportation and transformation气化qi transformation气机失调qi dynamic disorder气机瘀滞qi dynamic stagnation寒凝气滞qi stagnation due to cold congealing 寒滞肝脉cold stagnating in the liver vessel 肝气上逆liver qi ascending counterflow胃气上逆stomach qi ascending counterflow 肝气横逆transverse invasion of liver qi真气genuine qi营气nutrient qi下气海lower sea of qi气化作用transformation function心血heart blood血瘀blood stasis气郁qi stagnation活血化瘀activate blood and resolve stasis营卫nutrient and defense营分nutrient aspect水谷精华the essence of water and food水谷代谢water-food metabolism津液fluid and humor津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern气液代谢qi-humor metabolism中气下陷sunken middle qi升举中气upraise middle qi心神heart spirit神昏spirit failing to keep to its abode三焦triple energizers脾气散精the spleen qi disperses essence肺主通调水道the lungs regulate the waterways 肾主水the kidneys dominate water肝主疏泄the liver dominates free coursing三焦主诸气the triple energizers dominate all qi肾主二便the kidneys dominate urination and defecation肺主宣发，主排汗和呼吸the lung govern sweat discharge and respiration魂ethereal soul精神essence-spirit意ideation魄corporeal soul志will气血失调disharmony of qi and blood阴阳失调disharmony of yin and yang气血两虚dual deficiency of qi and blood气阴两虚dual deficiency of qi and yin气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin气不摄血qi deficiency failing to control blood脾不统血spleen failing to control blood气不化津qi failing to transform fluidCHAPTER 4五脏five viscera中脏viscera stroke藏象viscera manifestation脉象pulse manifestation脏腑viscera and bowel六腑six bowels奇点extra point奇恒之腑extraordinary organs上焦upper energizers中焦middle energizers三焦tripple energizers心包经pericardium channel热入心包heat enters pericardium胆经gallbladder channel胆实热gallbladder excess heat小肠虚寒deficient cold of small intestine心热传入小肠transmission of heart heat to the small intestine 大肠虚寒deficient cold of large intestine热迫大肠heat distressing the large intestine膀胱气化bladder qi transformation膀胱湿热dampness heat of the bladder冷凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus热入血室heat entering the blood chamberBlood chamber is another name of uterus肝气犯胃liver qi invading the stomach风热袭肺wind-heat invading the lung火旺effulgent fire阴虚火旺yin deficiency with effulgent fire肺气失于宣发lung qi failing to diffuse肾精不足kidney essence insufficiency虚火上炎deficient fire flaming upward心火上炎heart fire flaming upward髓海sea of marrow血海sea of blood心胃火燔heart-stomach fire ablaze肝气郁滞liver qi depression化火transform into fire藏血store blood主疏泄govern free coursing少阳之气lesser yang qi心藏神heart houses spirit脾藏意spleen houses ideation热伤神明heat damaging bright spirit直中direct strike风中经络wind striking meridian and collateral 风中血脉wind striking blood vessels清热clear heat燥干清窍dryness affecting the clear orifices升清upbearing the clear泌别清浊separation of the clear and turbid湿浊dampness turbidity降浊downbear turbid降火downbear fire骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever肾主骨kidney govern the bone淤阻脑络证pattern of (blood) stasis obstructing the brain collateral 髓海sea of marrow髓通于脑marrow connects to the brain经脉collateral vessel血脉blood vessel二七天癸至heavenly tenth arrives at the age of 2 times 7七七天癸竭heavenly tenth fades away at the age of 7 times 7月经menstruation母乳喂养breastfeedingCHAPTER 5外因external cause内因internal cause不内外因cause neither internal nor external外邪external pathogen阴邪yin pathogen外感external contraction新感new contraction外感风寒external contraction of wind-cold外感六淫six-excess external contraction六淫入血分six excesses entering the blood aspect 暑湿summerheat dampness中暑summerheat stroke湿浊dampness turbidity下焦湿热lower energizer dampness-heat凉燥cool-dryness津枯血燥desiccation of liquid and blood dryness 温邪warm pathogen温下法warm purgation温毒pestilential pathogen瘟疫论treatise on pestilence婴儿惊厥（惊风）infantile convulsion刚痉febrile convulsion with chills暑邪summerheat肝风内动internal stirring of liver wind目上斜视upward squint of the eyes疮疡sores and ulcers内伤internal damage伤阳damage to yang伤津damage to fluid七情seven emotions情志不遂emotional upset喜极伤心excessive joy damaging the heart怒极伤肝excessive anger damaging the liver忧极伤肺excessive anxiety damaging the lung思极伤脾excessive thought damaging the spleen悲极伤肺excessive sorrow damaging the lung恐极伤肾excessive fear damaging the kidney惊极伤心excessive fright damaging the heart劳倦overexertion and fatigue寒厥cold syncope脏厥visceral syncope（内脏阳气衰微所致的肢厥，a syncope due to yang debilitation of internal organs）怒则气上anger causes qi to ascend喜则气缓joy causes qi to slacken悲则气消sorrow causes qi to disperse恐则气下fear causes qi to descend惊则气乱fright causes derangement of qi思则气结thought causes qi to bind忧则气郁anxiety causes qi to be depressed目赤bloodshot eyes五味偏嗜flavor predilection饮食偏嗜dietary predilection创伤学traumatology外伤traumatic injury房劳sexual overindulgence劳复taxation relapse女劳sexual taxation风痰wind-phlegm寒痰cold-phlegm痰饮phlegm-retained fluid痰湿phlegm-dampness水湿water-dampness淤血犯头static blood invading head 痿病wilting disease骨痿bone wilting筋痿sinew wilting绞痛colic pain寒疝cold abdominal colic淤痰blood stasis-phlegm浓痰purulent phlegm CHAPTER 6四诊four diagnostic examinations精神状态mental state面部表情facial expression面色complexion望小儿指纹vein of the infant's fingers 舌象tongue manifestation藏象visceral manifestation人体human body舌体tongue body舌形form of the tongue制剂形式preparation form舌态motility of the tongue口眼歪斜deviated of the tongue歪舌deviated tongue落枕stiff neck强硬舌stiff tongue震颤法trembling method颤动舌trembling tongue舌根root of the tongue舌尖tip of the tongue舌边margins of the tongue淡红舌pale red tongue淡白舌pale tongue红舌red tongue绛舌crimson tongue青舌blue tongue紫舌purple tongue青紫舌bluish purple tongue嫩舌tender-soft tongue胖大舌enlarged tongue肿胀舌swollen tongue瘦薄舌thin tongue点刺舌spotted tongue芒刺舌pricky tongue齿痕舌teeth-marked tongue裂纹舌fissured tongue痿软舌limp wilting tongue麻痹舌paralyzed tongue吐弄舌protruded agitated tongue 短缩舌contracted tongue地图舌geographical tongue舌苔tongue fur腻苔slimy fur滑苔slippery fur苔色fur color舌色tongue color中剥苔centre peeling fur根剥苔root peeling fur苔质texture of fur润苔moist fur燥苔dry fur燥裂苔dry and cracked fur前剥苔anterior peeling fur镜面舌mirror tongue类剥苔exfoliated fur淡红色薄白苔red tongue with thin white fur红舌薄黄干苔red tongue with thin, yellow and dry fur 命关life bar舌诊tongue diagnosis望舌inspection of the tongueCHAPTER 7口气mouth odor汗味sweat odor倒经inverted menstruation白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge恶露不下retention of the lochia恶露不绝persistent flow of lochia口臭fetid mouth odor halitosis把脉take pulse病脉morbid pulse三部九侯three positions and nine indicators 布指寸口脉wrist pulse寸口诊法wrist pulse-taking method人迎脉carotid pulse趺阳脉anterior tibial pulse寸，关，尺cun/inch, guan/bar and chi/cubit 诊尺肤cubit skin examination指法finger technique叩击法tapping technique举，按，寻lifting, pressing and searching 推寻pulse searching平脉tranquil pulse燥脉agitated pulse按诊body palpation按腧穴acupuncture point palpation病色morbid complexion病脉morbid pulse浮脉floating pulse孤阳上越deficiency yang floating upward 沉脉sunken pulse脾气下陷sunken spleen qi中气下陷sunken middle qi单按pressing with one finger总按simultaneous palpation浮脉floating pulse沉脉sunken pulse迟脉slow pulse数脉rapid pulse虚脉vacuous pulse实脉replete pulse洪脉surging pulse细脉fine pulse滑脉slippery pulse涩脉rough pulse弦脉string-like pulse结脉bound pulse相兼脉combined pulse芤脉hollow pulse散脉dissipated pulse革脉drumskin pulse伏脉hidden pulse牢脉firm pulse阳明腑证yang brightness bowel pattern 缓脉moderate pulse缓脉（不正常）relaxed pulse疾脉racing pulse大脉large pulse长脉long pulse濡脉soggy pulse弱脉weak pulse短脉short pulse微脉faint pulse动脉stirred pulse紧脉tight pulse代脉intermittent pulse促脉skipping pulse驱寒dissipate cold散瘀dissipate stasis风动stirring wing阴虚动风yin deficiency with stirring windCHAPTER 8问寒热inquiry about cold and heat问汗inquiry about sweating问痛inquiry about pain恶寒aversion to cold恶热aversion to heat发热恶寒aversion to cold with fever畏is usually translated as fear, as in "fear of cold" 畏寒但热不寒fever without chills但寒不热chills without fever潮热tidal fever午间潮热afternoon tidal fever日晡潮热late afternoon tidal fever骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever湿温潮热dampness-warm tidal fever阴虚潮热yin deficiency tidal fever微热mild fever微恶寒mild aversion to cold微寒mild chill微渴mild thirst身热不扬unsurfaced fever五心烦热vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles / five center heat手足烦热vexing heat in the extremities 手足厥冷reversal cold of the extremities 厥阴reverting yin寒热往来alternating chills and fever盗汗night sweating虚热deficiency heat少阳病lesser yang disease疟疾malaria头重脚轻heavy head and light feet身重heavy body重痛heavy pain目眩dizzy vision视力模糊blurred vision复视doubled vision灼痛scorching pain绞痛gripping pain掣痛pulling pain隐痛dull pain窜痛scurrying pain闷痛oppressive pain酸痛aching pain游走性疼痛wandering pain阵发性痛paroxysmal pain阵发性咳嗽paroxysmal cough持续性痛persistent pain汗不止persistent sweating项背拘急contracture of the nape and neck 四肢拘急contracture of the limbs肌肉痉挛muscle spasm淋病strangury disease血淋blood strangury热淋heat strangury胀痛distending pain刺痛stabbing pain冷痛cold pain空痛empty pain固定痛fixed pain胁痛hypochondriac四肢痛limb pain周身痛generalized pain完谷不化undigested food in the stool消化不良腹泻undigested food diarrhea 五更泻fifth-watch diarrhea五更咳fifth-watch cough溏泄sloppy diarrhea便溏sloppy stool大便硬结hard bound stool结脉bound pulse余尿不尽incomplete urination小便涩痛difficult painful urination大便失禁fecal incontinence小便失禁urinary incontinence尿浊turbid urine分泌清浊separation of the clear and turbid 语声重浊deep turbid voice小便淋沥dribbling urination癃闭dribbling urinary block遗精seminal emission梦遗dream emission白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge下消lower wasting-thirst里急后重tenesmus尿频frequent urination膀胱失约bladder retention failure遗尿enuresis阳痿impotence勃起erection滑精spermatorrhea早泄pre-mature ejaculation月经先期advanced menstruation月经period月经后期delayed menstruation月经先后无定期menstruation at irregular intervals 经期延长prolonged menstruation月经过多profuse menstruation月经过少scanty menstruation崩漏flooding and spotting闭经amenorrhea初潮menarche痛经dysmenorrhea赤白带下white and yellow vaginal discharge胸闷oppression in the chestCHAPTER 9半表半里证pattern of half-exterior half-interior表里辩证exterior-interior pattern identification表虚证exterior deficiency pattern表寒证exterior cold pattern风湿袭表证pattern of wind-dampness assailing the exterior 风寒袭喉证pattern of wind-cold assailing the throat风寒袭肺证pattern of wind-cold assailing the lung风寒束表wind-cold fettering the exterior风寒束肺证pattern of wind-cold fettering the lung卫表不固证defense-exterior insecurity pattern表里俱寒证pattern of dual exterior and interior cold肝胆俱实证pattern of dual excess of liver and gallbladder 气阴两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of qi and yin八纲辨证eight-principle pattern identification表寒里热证pattern of exterior cold and interior heat寒热错杂证cold-heat complex pattern虚实夹杂证deficiency-excess complex pattern上寒下热证upper cold and lower heat pattern上热下寒证upper heat and lower cold pattern上焦upper energizer上消upper waste-thirst热及生风证pattern of extreme heat engendering wind阴极似阳extreme yin resembling yang阳极似阴extreme yang resembling yin上盛下虚证upper exuberance and lower deficiency pattern 下焦lower energizer真虚假实证true deficiency with false excess pattern真实假虚证true excess with false deficiency pattern真寒假热证true cold with false heat pattern辩症syndrome differentiation阳虚痰凝yang deficiency with congealing phlegm寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus伤阳证yang damage pattern伤阴证yin damage pattern阴阳两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of yin and yang心脾两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen阴虚内热证pattern of yin deficiency of yin with internal heat 阴虚火旺证pattern of yin deficiency with effulgent fire阴盛阳衰证pattern of yin exuberance with yang debilitation 阳虚寒凝证pattern of yang deficiency with congealing cold 阴盛格阳证pattern of exuberant yin repelling yang阳盛格阴证pattern of exuberant yang repelling yin清阳不升证pattern of clear yang failing to ascend肾不纳气证pattern of kidney failing to receive qi脾不统血证pattern of spleen failing to manage blood八纲eight principles治疗原则therapeutic principle八纲治法eight principle therapeutic methods合证combined pattern合方combined formulaCHAPTER 10气陷证qi sinking pattern寒湿证cold-dampness pattern气机失调证qi dynamic disorder pattern气机郁滞证stagnant qi dynamic pattern湿热下注证pattern of dampness-heat pouring down寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis寒湿内阻证pattern of internal obstruction of cold-dampness 气虚湿阻证pattern of qi deficiency with dampness obstruction 气机不利证inhibited qi dynamic pattern气虚水停证pattern of qi deficiency with water retention气虚不摄证pattern of qi deficiency with failure to constrain气虚外感证pattern of qi deficiency with external contraction 蓄血证blood amassment pattern气血失调证qi-blood disharmony pattern气不摄血证pattern of qi failing to control the blood血虚挟淤证pattern of blood deficiency complicated by stasis 血虚寒凝证pattern of blood deficiency and congealing cold血虚风燥证pattern of blood deficiency and wind-dryness津气亏虚证fluid-qi deficiency pattern气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention饮停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium 风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water水停证water retention pattern疫毒下注证pattern of pestilential toxin pouring downward火毒内陷证pattern of inward invasion of fire toxin表邪内陷证pattern of inward invasion of external evil表寒证exterior cold pattern表热证exterior heat pattern表虚exterior deficiency里实证interior excess pattern里寒interior cold里热interior heat外湿external dampness外风external wind外燥external dryness内风internal wind内燥internal dryness内湿internal dampness燥干清窍证pattern of dryness affecting the clear orifices气郁证qi depression pattern气郁化火证pattern of depressed qi transforming into fire 中气下陷证sunken middle qi脾气下陷sunken spleen qi直肠下陷prolapse of the rectum子宫下陷prolapse of uterus表气不固insecurity of exterior qi肾气不固insecurity of kidney qi蓄血blood amassment太阳蓄血证greater yang blood amassment pattern热入血室heat entering blood chamber寒入血室证pattern of cold entering blood chamber气虚血瘀证pattern of qi deficiency with blood stasis心血淤阻证heart blood stasis pattern寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis 气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin生津engender fluid胃津stomach fluid津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern增液润肠increase humor and moisten the intestines风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water阴虚水停证pattern of yin deficiency with water retention气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention太阳蓄水证greater yang water retention pattern胸胁胀痛fullness in the chest and hypochondrium水停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium。