第二讲：数词与介词

Lecture 2 . 数词+介词
请将下列语句翻译成英文：
1.该电路中的电流为电源短路电流的一半。

●The current in the circuit is one half of the short-circuit
current of the source.
2.现在其内部的压力是原先的1/3。

●Now its internal pressure is one third what it was.
3.月球的质量为地球的1/81。

●The mass of the moon is one eighty-first that of the earth.
4.这个元件上的电压为零点几伏特。

●The voltage across this component is several tenths of a
volt.
5.这种蓄电池的电阻仅为零点零零几/千分之几欧姆。

●The resistance of this kind of storage battery is only a few
thousandths of an ohm.
6.其误差为6/1012。

●Its error is six parts in 1012.
7.这台计算机储存的信息比那台多3倍。

●This computer stores four times more Information than
that one.
8.不久的将来对这种设备的需求量将为现在的20倍。

●The demand for this equipment in the near future will be
twenty times what it is.
I. 分数与倍数
1．一般表示法：
●分子--基数词；分母—序数词
●8/9: eight ninths , 1/81: one eighty-first
2．“零点几”、“零点零几”、“千分之几”，”百万分之几”…
●The voltage across this component is several tenths of
a volt.
●The pill weighs a few hundredths of a gram.
●This is only a few thousandths of the heat of
vaporization.
●Seven parts per million
●Seven parts in a million
●Seven parts in 106.
3．数词在句子中作前置修饰语
●The output is 100 times {of} the input.
●Its speed is three times that of the light.
●The force excerted on the body is two fifths what it was. 4．表示数量增长/减少的常用句型
1．n times + 比较级=n times as 原级as
●This box is six times heavier than that one.
●This value is nearly 4.5 times greater than the ideal one.
●The wavelength of this musical note is over three times
longer than that of the same note in the air.
●The sample has been magnified by a factor of 11. （增了
10倍，为原来的11 倍）
●If the radius is halved, the flow rate is reduced by a
factor of 5. （降低了4倍，降为原来的1/5）
请根据中文原文改正英文译文的错误。

1.【中文原文】这个电容器上的电压为零点零几伏。

【英文译文】The voltage on this capacitor is several
hundredths of a volt.
2.【中文原文】这个物体比那个重4倍。

【英文译文】This object is five times heavier than that one is.
II. Seven fairy ladies: 七个常用介词
1．Of
i.Of+ 抽象名词：语气更强烈的形容词
a)The book will be of help > helpful in exposing computer
scientisit to the latest technology.
b)This measurement is of great precision > precisely .
c)It is of no use > useless grounding this point.
ii.Of+ 可数名词复数：在…之中among
d)Of all these instruments, this one is the most expensive.
e)Of all the three parameters, two can be disposed quickly.
iii. A of B: 表示A、B为同位、主谓或动宾关系
f)The concept of potential difference will be introduced in
section II.
g)The lighter machine part has a mass of 7 kg.
h)The failure point corresponds to a safety factor of 1.
i)Ellipse are used to describe the motion of the planets
around the sun.
j)The variation of the output with the input is shown in Fig.2.
k)The seperation of gold from its ore is not easy.
l)The resolution of a force into x- and y-components is possible.
m)Exposure of the body to a toxic substance should be avoided.
2．With
i.With+ 具体名词：表示”用…”或“与…”或”具有…”
a)Power can be measured with =by using a wattmeter.
b)This line is parallel with the x-axis.
c)This is a function with two variables.
ii.With+ 抽象名词：语气更强烈的副词
d)AC can be changed into DC with great ease = very easily.
e)This parameter can be measured with
accuracy=accurately .
iii.vary, change, increase, decrease等动词+ with…：随着…
f)The conductivity of a semiconductor varies with
temperature.
g)The ship’s speed decreases with the increase of the water
resistance.
iv.with 位于句首，可表示“对于，有了，在…情况下”
h)With rockets, things are different.
i)With radars, we can see distant objects.
3．By
i.By+ 除了时间、距离之外的任何参量的数值
a)Now the pressure has increased by a factor of
10.
b)In this case, the two vectors differ in phase by
30o.
ii.在推导中表示“根据、依据”
a)One can find out the force by Hooke’s law.
b)By Eq. (3), we can obtain the following
expression.
iii.by+动名词：通过…
a)By analyzing the parameters of the device, we
can understand its features.
b)By an examination of the model, the structure
of an atom can be observed.
iv.by+…method: 用…方法
a)The equation should be resolved by this
method.
b)This is the only method by which the
disadvantage can be overcome.
v.数值by 数值：长宽高相乘
a)That laboratory is a room 4 by 12 meters.
b)The box measures 12 by 8 inches.
4．For
i.表示时间或距离的长短：
a)They have been working on this project for
seven months.
b)The temperature may stay constant for a long
time.
c)The car has run for 100 miles.
ii.表示“对于、如果、当”等条件：
a)For x> 1, the equation does not hold.
b)For m=∞, this factor equals unity.
iii.Solve+ for :方程求解
a)In this case, Eq. (2-1) will be solved for the
unknown.
b)It is necessary to solve the equation for x.
iv.在method, technique, algorithm, condition, requirement, name后常加for
a)The methods for/of solving this problem are
many.
b)An algorithm for/ of describing the solution of
some engineering problems in the graph
theory is presented.
c)The proper name for atomic energy is nuclear
energy.
v.“为了、供、用于”
a)These solutions are for reference only.
b)This is a manual for electrical engineers.
c)They are making preparations for a test.
vi.“由于”
a)For these reasons, Faraday was unable to
calculate the velocity of the propagation of
electromagnetic waves.
vii.引出不定式结构中的逻辑主语
a)It takes about 8 minutes for sunlight to reach
the earth.
b)This cargo is too heavy for the crane to lift.
5．On/upon
i.on/upon+ 动名词：一…就…, 在…之后
a) A substance will be reduced in mass on being
compressed.
b)On simplifying, the result becomes as follows.
c)Upon rearranging the above equations, we
obtain the followed set of equations.
ii.“关于、对于”
a)The influence of temperature upon pressure
should be taken into account.
b)These are the information on the mechanical
properties of the material.
iii.“在…时”
a)On the second half cycle, Q1 is off while Q2 is
on.
b)The international conference will take place on
Sunday.
6．In
i.in+单位名词复数(hertz除外)
a)Force is measured in newton s.
b)Frequency is measured in hertz.
c)Inductance is measured in henrie s.
ii.in+方向名词：朝着
a)Sound waves travel in all directions.
b)Direct current flows only in one direction.
iii.“方面”：
a)States 1 and 2 differ in pressure, volume, and
temperature by a definite amount.
b) E is the difference in energy between the two
states.
c)This computer is perfect in quality.
d)There devices differ greatly in size.
iv.in+ 动名词：在…过程中，在…方面
a)In the discussion of different equations, we
shall restrict our attention to this type.
b)Because of the difficulty in producing uniform
films, it is not possible to control resistance
values accurately.
v.在表示变化的名词后加in:
a)This causes a drop in temperature.
b) A slight change in pressure is measured.
vi.数字+in+数字：“几比几”
a)This line has a slope of 1 in 9.
b)There is a 1-in-17 chance of drawing two
successive hearts in this manner.
7．Over
i.“超过、越过”：
a)This balloon can fly over 100 miles.
b)Its transmission over a long distance causes
some loss of energy.
c)This line is over six times as long as that one is.
d)The wavelength of this musical note is 7.8 ft,
over three times longer than the wavelength
(2.5 ft) of the same note in the air.
ii.“与…相比”：
a)This new method has many advantages over
the original one.
b)The temperature has a remarkable decrease
over 150o previously cited.
iii.“在…范围内”:
a)It is easy to determine the car’s average
velocity over this distance.
b)This voltage is fairly stable over a wide
frequency range.
iv.“在…之上”
a) A bridge crane passed over our heads.
Exercises: 根据中文原文纠正英文译文的错误
1．【中文原文】本文提出一种新的识别雷达目标的方法【英文译文】This paper presents a new kind of
recognition method of for radar target.
A new method of radar target recognition
2．【中文原文】目标的运动状态对EKF跟踪精度的影响非常显著
【英文译文】The influence of the moving state of the
target is quite strong for the tracking accuracy of the EKF.
The influence of the moving state of the target on the
tracking accuracy of the EKF is quite strong.
3．【中文原文】与现有方法相比，该新方法有许多优点
【英文译文】This new method has many advantages compared with over the available one.
4．【中文原文】新设计的这台仪器质量很好。

【英文译文】This newly designed instrument is good in quality/ of good quality.
5．【中文原文】10月8号早上又发射了一颗通讯卫星。

【英文原文】Another comsat was launched in→ on the morning of October, 8th.
6．【中文原文】电压是用伏特来度量的。

【英文译文】Voltage is measured with → in volts. 7．【中文原文】他们将赶赴北京参加移动通讯国际会议。

【英文译文】They are leaving to→for Beijing to attend the international conference of→on mobile communication.
Homework (Due on Nov 4th,2015)
1. 必须解该方程求出电流。

2. 温度一下降，这个参数值就变小。

3. 第一章论述牛顿第一运动定律。

4. 声波朝四面八方传播。

5. 我们以牛顿为单位来测量力。