现在完成时专题讲解
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=Two years has passed since the old man died. 练习、用for 或since填空 1、Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years. 2、I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month. 3、My sister has had her cell phone ________ a month . 4、My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday. 5、We haven’t used our car ________ a long time . 6、She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _________ years. 7、Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years 。 二、理解现在完成时的基本结构和各种句式 观察三:仔细观察课本110页现在完成时态表格一 思考三:现在完成时的肯定句，否定句，疑问句分别是怎样构成的？ ★ 总结： 现在完成时态的构成：基本结构: 肯定式:_____________________否定式:___________________________ 疑问式:______________________肯定回答___________否定回答________ 练习、按要求改变句子。 1.She has done her homework. (改否定句)
Leabharlann Baidu
。
2.The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑问句)
★ 动词的规则变化 (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ”。 “直” work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ ”。 “去” live---lived---lived argue--argued--argued (3)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母再加“ “双” stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped (4)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将"y"变为 "i" ，再加“ ”。 “改” study---studied---studied , cry---cried---cried ★注意：规则动词的过去分词的变化与过去式是一样的! 练习、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 Live ______ ______ Stay ______ ______ plan ______ ______ Clean ______ ______ worry ______ ______ ★不规则动词 可参考书本141-142页的表格将过去分词按照以下分类：AAA AAB ABB ABA ABC 三．一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生过了的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调在过去发生的动作；与现在 无关。 现在完成时也表示过去某时发生了某动作，并且该动作对现在造成了影响，强调的是过去发生的动作 对现在造成的影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作在昨天发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
注意：并非有for /since作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。) It is two years since the old man died. （老人去世已有两年了。）
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2） 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday,last week,…ago,in 1990,in October, just now,, 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语: (1)ever, never, just, before, yet, already, ...times(...次) (2)for, since, so far, till/until/up to now, in the past/last few years, recently, 句子中如有具体的过去时间（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 四．比较延续动词与瞬间动词 1.延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 用法:延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。如: for+一段时间:for 2 years; since从句,since he came here;since+时间点名词,since last year,since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 2.非延续性动词:也称终止性动词、 瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 用法: ①非延续性动词一般与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. ②非延续性动词在也可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如：for two years It is 4 years since I came here. 从我到这里已经四年了。 ③非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用。 在现在完成时的第二种用法中,若表示某动作从过去持续到现在,一般用延续性动词。 短暂性动词也可以用在现在完成时中，但是需要注意句型： 1.否定句中可以直接与时间段连用。 I haven’t bought books for two years. 2.肯定句和疑问句中，用相应的延续性动词替换。 如： 1.The old man died 4 years ago. --The old man has been dead for 4 years. 2.He joined the Party2 years ago. --He has been in the Party for 2 years 3.I bought the book 5 days ago. --I have had/the book for 5 days. begin/start --- be on die --- be dead finish --- be over open sth ---sth be open fall ill --- be ill get up---be up catch a cold--have a cold come here--be here begin to do--do go there --- be there become--be come back--- be back fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from get to know --- know borrow--keep go (get) out →be out put on→ wear close--be closed 五、比较 have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to 去过,有去有回 have/has gone to 去了,有去无回 have/has been in 停留一段时间 He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 [在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他现在不在上海而是回来了] He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里] He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 [现在还在上海没有离开呢] He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住过10年 [现在不在上海了] 六、现在完成时的常见句型 1.It’s the +序数词+time that +现在完成时的从句
现在完成时态专题讲解
一、注意理解时态的两层意义及不同意义对应的标志词 观察一：请仔细观察下列句子。 1. I have already finished reading the book.(现在我了解了书的内容). 2. Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have.(我现在不饿了). 3. He has never seen the film before. (现在他不了解电影的内容) 4. I have just washed my car.（现在车很干净了） 5. I have seen the film three times. (我现在了解电影的内容) 思考一： 现在完成时表达的含义： 1）表示在 发生或已经结束的动作对 造成的影响或结果 标志词:常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),before,ever(曾经),never,three times等词连用。 用于肯定句中, 常用于否定句,疑问句句尾。 (find-found your book) 常
练习、翻译以下句子 1、你已经找到你的书了吗?
2、他们已经在这个城市建了许多房子. (build-built many buildings)
3、Judy还刚到达. (arrive-arrived)
观察二：请仔细观察以下句子 1.We have been in Qi Bin Middle School since 2013.(我们还在淇滨中学) 2.He has learned English for 5 years/since 5 years ago/since I was in primary school.（他还在继续学习英语） 3.China has made great changes these years/up to now/so far. (现在还在发生变化) 思考二： 现在完成时表达的含义： 2） 表示在过去已经开始并 到现在。可能已经结束,也可能将会继续持续下去的动作或状态. 标志词:常与for, since,these years, recently(最近),up to now/until now/so far(到现在),in the past/last years,(在 过去几年) 等引导的短语或从句连用. ★since 用来说明动作起始时间— “自从……” for 用来说明动作延续时间长度— “长达……” 1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since （五点钟）. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 3)since+ 从句(从句用一般过去时) She has taught English since ★for+ 时间段 He has kept the book （长达两周时间）. （自从他来这里）. （五个小时前） .
=Two years has passed since the old man died. 练习、用for 或since填空 1、Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years. 2、I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month. 3、My sister has had her cell phone ________ a month . 4、My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday. 5、We haven’t used our car ________ a long time . 6、She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _________ years. 7、Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years 。 二、理解现在完成时的基本结构和各种句式 观察三:仔细观察课本110页现在完成时态表格一 思考三:现在完成时的肯定句，否定句，疑问句分别是怎样构成的？ ★ 总结： 现在完成时态的构成：基本结构: 肯定式:_____________________否定式:___________________________ 疑问式:______________________肯定回答___________否定回答________ 练习、按要求改变句子。 1.She has done her homework. (改否定句)
Leabharlann Baidu
。
2.The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑问句)
★ 动词的规则变化 (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ”。 “直” work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ ”。 “去” live---lived---lived argue--argued--argued (3)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母再加“ “双” stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped (4)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将"y"变为 "i" ，再加“ ”。 “改” study---studied---studied , cry---cried---cried ★注意：规则动词的过去分词的变化与过去式是一样的! 练习、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 Live ______ ______ Stay ______ ______ plan ______ ______ Clean ______ ______ worry ______ ______ ★不规则动词 可参考书本141-142页的表格将过去分词按照以下分类：AAA AAB ABB ABA ABC 三．一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生过了的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调在过去发生的动作；与现在 无关。 现在完成时也表示过去某时发生了某动作，并且该动作对现在造成了影响，强调的是过去发生的动作 对现在造成的影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作在昨天发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
注意：并非有for /since作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。) It is two years since the old man died. （老人去世已有两年了。）
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2） 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday,last week,…ago,in 1990,in October, just now,, 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语: (1)ever, never, just, before, yet, already, ...times(...次) (2)for, since, so far, till/until/up to now, in the past/last few years, recently, 句子中如有具体的过去时间（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 四．比较延续动词与瞬间动词 1.延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 用法:延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。如: for+一段时间:for 2 years; since从句,since he came here;since+时间点名词,since last year,since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 2.非延续性动词:也称终止性动词、 瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 用法: ①非延续性动词一般与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. ②非延续性动词在也可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如：for two years It is 4 years since I came here. 从我到这里已经四年了。 ③非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用。 在现在完成时的第二种用法中,若表示某动作从过去持续到现在,一般用延续性动词。 短暂性动词也可以用在现在完成时中，但是需要注意句型： 1.否定句中可以直接与时间段连用。 I haven’t bought books for two years. 2.肯定句和疑问句中，用相应的延续性动词替换。 如： 1.The old man died 4 years ago. --The old man has been dead for 4 years. 2.He joined the Party2 years ago. --He has been in the Party for 2 years 3.I bought the book 5 days ago. --I have had/the book for 5 days. begin/start --- be on die --- be dead finish --- be over open sth ---sth be open fall ill --- be ill get up---be up catch a cold--have a cold come here--be here begin to do--do go there --- be there become--be come back--- be back fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from get to know --- know borrow--keep go (get) out →be out put on→ wear close--be closed 五、比较 have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to 去过,有去有回 have/has gone to 去了,有去无回 have/has been in 停留一段时间 He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 [在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他现在不在上海而是回来了] He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里] He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 [现在还在上海没有离开呢] He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住过10年 [现在不在上海了] 六、现在完成时的常见句型 1.It’s the +序数词+time that +现在完成时的从句
现在完成时态专题讲解
一、注意理解时态的两层意义及不同意义对应的标志词 观察一：请仔细观察下列句子。 1. I have already finished reading the book.(现在我了解了书的内容). 2. Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have.(我现在不饿了). 3. He has never seen the film before. (现在他不了解电影的内容) 4. I have just washed my car.（现在车很干净了） 5. I have seen the film three times. (我现在了解电影的内容) 思考一： 现在完成时表达的含义： 1）表示在 发生或已经结束的动作对 造成的影响或结果 标志词:常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),before,ever(曾经),never,three times等词连用。 用于肯定句中, 常用于否定句,疑问句句尾。 (find-found your book) 常
练习、翻译以下句子 1、你已经找到你的书了吗?
2、他们已经在这个城市建了许多房子. (build-built many buildings)
3、Judy还刚到达. (arrive-arrived)
观察二：请仔细观察以下句子 1.We have been in Qi Bin Middle School since 2013.(我们还在淇滨中学) 2.He has learned English for 5 years/since 5 years ago/since I was in primary school.（他还在继续学习英语） 3.China has made great changes these years/up to now/so far. (现在还在发生变化) 思考二： 现在完成时表达的含义： 2） 表示在过去已经开始并 到现在。可能已经结束,也可能将会继续持续下去的动作或状态. 标志词:常与for, since,these years, recently(最近),up to now/until now/so far(到现在),in the past/last years,(在 过去几年) 等引导的短语或从句连用. ★since 用来说明动作起始时间— “自从……” for 用来说明动作延续时间长度— “长达……” 1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since （五点钟）. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 3)since+ 从句(从句用一般过去时) She has taught English since ★for+ 时间段 He has kept the book （长达两周时间）. （自从他来这里）. （五个小时前） .