非谓语动词之分词专题

分词之精品学案

学习目标:

1.了解并掌握分词的意义

2.掌握分词各种时态和语态形式

3．掌握动分词做定语时的特点与判断方法。

4．掌握分词做状语时的特点和判断方法。

5. 掌握分词作宾补时的特点和判断方法。

6．把握分词的考点。

清单二：现在分词与过去分词的意义

现在分词和过去分词二者的区别是：语态

现在分词：表示主动意义，根据所作的成分不同，判断主被动的参照对象不同。如作定语时它与所修饰的名词构成主动关系，如：The man standing at the gate is my English teacher. 换句话说： The man who is standing at the gate is my English teacher.

过去分词：通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外），根据所作的成分不同，判断主被动的参照对象不同。如作定语时它与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，如：the broken cup, 意思是：Someone broke the cup.或 The cup was broken.

清单三：按成分学习非谓语动词：

一．分词作状语：

基本句式：

①____________________，句子（主语+谓语+……）

②句子（主语+谓语+……）（，）______________________

③doing/having done ,__本质就是选句子的主语，句子的主语要能够执行doing或having done_

④done、having been done，______________________

基本形式：

主动：doing having done to do

被动：done having been done to be done

being done 一般不作状语

判断方法：

语态：判断与句子主语的关系。主动用现在分词；被动用过去分词。

时态：判断分词发生的时间与句子谓语动词的先后关系。在其前用完成，在其时用一般，在将来用不定式。

典型错误例句：

a.Looking out of the window, there are lots of people in the street.

b.Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head .

c.After doing my homework , the dog was fe

d.

典型例题:

a. After seeing the movie,______.

A. the book was read by him

B. the book mad him want to read it

C. the reading of the book interested him

D. he wanted to read the book

b. Returning to my apartment, ______ .

A. my watch was missing

B. I found my watch disappeared

C. I found my watch missing

D. The watch was missed

c. ______ in this way , the situation doesn’t seem so diappointing.

A. To look at

B. Looking at

C. Looked at

D. To be looked at

分词作状语的特殊形式：

①独立主格结构：

做状语的分词与句子主语不存在相应的关系时，可在分词前加上一个存在相应关系的名词或代词，这样就构成独立主格结构：

典型例句：

a.Being so nice a day, we go out for a walk.

It being so nice a day, we go out for a walk.

b.Permitting, we’ll be going fishing tomorrow.

Weather permitting, we’ll be going fishing tomorrow.

c.Having been spent , we started looking for work .

All the money having been spent , we started looking for work

基本结构：

★主格词（名词/代词）+分词，句子（主+谓）

★句子（主+谓），主格词（名词/代词）+分词

注意：独立主格结构不是简单句。判断方法：如果是简单句必须有连词或引导词或“；”，否则应为独立主格结构

d.Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed .

e.The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other

meaning opportunity.

f.So many directors _____ ， the board meeting had to be put off.

A. were absent

B. being absent

C. been absent

D. had been absent

②带有连词的分词作状语：

a. When using the computer , you must remember the password .

b．Unless invited，I won’t go to her birthday party.

此时分词的判断依然遵循与句子主语的判断规则，在做题时，凡看到引导状语从句（时间、条件、让步）的连词后无主语时，其后就应当是doing或done，这有其与主语的关系而定。

③固定表达方式

1) 副词+speaking :如 generally (strictly, honestly……) speaking

a. Generally speaking , men are stronger than women.

b. Strictly speaking, this is not a right answer.

2) 分词+（介词）：如 judging from）（据……判断）, considering , supposing etc .

a .Juding from his experience , he is in a lousy mood .

b．Honestly speaking, he is more excellent than you.

二．分词作定语

基本句式：

①___________+名词或②名词+________________.