A 比B……多了 - DOORS(同志社大学图书馆)
多邻国背四级单词
多邻国背四级单词abandon- 单词释义:v. 放弃;遗弃;抛弃;n. 放任;纵情。
- 单词用法:可作及物动词,后接名词或动名词,如abandon the plan(放弃计划),abandon doing sth.(放弃做某事)。
- 近义词:desert(强调违背责任或义务而抛弃),forsake(常指断绝情感上的依恋而抛弃)。
- 短语搭配:abandon oneself to(沉溺于)。
- 双语例句:- I'm not the kind of person to abandon my friends when they are in trouble. It's just not right! (我可不是那种在朋友有难时就抛弃他们的人。
那样做是不对的!)- He abandoned his old car by the side of the road. What a waste! (他把他的旧汽车遗弃在路边。
真是浪费啊!)- Don't abandon your dreams so easily. They're like precious jewelsthat you should hold on to. (别那么轻易就放弃你的梦想。
它们就像珍贵的珠宝,你应该紧紧抓住。
)- She was so sad that she almost abandoned herself to despair. But then she thought better of it. (她太伤心了,差点就陷入绝望。
但后来她改变了想法。
)- “You can't just abandon this project halfway through,” said Tom angrily to Jack. (汤姆生气地对杰克说:“你不能在项目进行到一半的时候就放弃它。
”)- My dog would never abandon me, no matter what. It's so loyal. (我的狗无论如何都不会抛弃我。
河南省郑州市郑州师专附属小学小学六年级小升初期末英语试卷(含答案) (2)
河南省郑州市郑州师专附属小学小学六年级小升初期末英语试卷(含答案)一、单项选择1.What_____Amy_____last weekend? ( )A.did, do B.do, do C.does, do2.—What do you want to be? ()—I want to be a _________.A.cook B.astronaut C.artist3.My e-friend will ________ me some photos ________ Sydney. ( )A.sends; about B.send; about C.send; to D.sends; to 4.—What ________ your bedroom messy? ( )—The ________ make my bedroom messy.A.makes; toys B.make; toy C.make; toys5.My brother lost his bike last Saturday. He felt ________. ( )A.happy B.excited C.sad6.Don't drink ______ cola. It's bad for your health. ( )A.so little B.too many C.too much7.—What did you do last weekend? ( )—I played ________ piano.A.a B.the C./8.I'd like two _______ for lunch. ()A.cola B.hamburgers C.milk9.We will _____ on the Internet. ( )A.look them up B.look up them C.look them up at 10.One day I ______ visit the moon. ( )A.am B./ C.am going to11.My family usually go to the park together _____ Sunday. ( )A.in B.on C.at D./12.—Look! The sun is getting up. ( )—Oh, yes! The weather reporter also says it is ______ today.A.windy B.snowy C.sunny13.Ten years ago, I ______ play football. ( )A.am B.couldn’t C.will14.We will meet ______ nine o’clock tomorrow morning. ( )A.in B.on C.at15.They went to the park _______ eight o’clock in the morning. ( )A.of B.on C.at16.On Mid-Autumn Day, people in China usually ______. ( )A.eat mooncakes B.eat zongzi C.eat pizza17.My sister _______ do her English homework yesterday. ( )A.don’t B.doesn’t C.didn’t18.I ______ like pink before, but now I like it very much. ( )A.wasn’t B.didn’t C.doesn’t19.Mike usually __________ his homework after supper. ( )A.does B.do C.did20.—_______ did you _______ yesterday? ( )—I went to the bookstore.A.What; go B.Where; went C.Where; go二、用单词的适当形式填空21.I am _________ (dance) now.22.I ________ to a forest park last Saturday (go)23.This ruler is _____ (long) than that one.24.She would like ________ (drive) the car on the left side of the road.25.May's birthday is on ________ (two) of August.26.Lily often ______ (fly) kites on Sunday, but last Sunday she ______ (not fly) kites. 27.There’s a green man, we can ________ (walk) now.28.There ______ (be) some meat and vegetables in the fridge.29.It’s often _______ here in summer. Look! It _______ heavily. (rain)30.Sam _______ the ball hard. It flew away. (hit)三、完成句子31.I want a mountain bike for my birthday ______ (礼物).32.What a m________! His books are here and there! Who can help me?33.People in the UK _______ (欢迎) visitors.34.Children have many different ________ (梦想) .35.I w______TV yesterday.36.“Open your m____________ and say ‘ah’”, said the doctor.37.—What do you often do on the weekend?—I often read books and _________ _________ (画漫画).38.Last Saturday, Sarah v_______ her grandparents.39.I didn't p_______ ping-pong last night.40.—W_____ feet a_____ bigger than yours?—My m_____.四、完形填空41.Suzy is a little girl, and she is only seven years __41___. One day she goes to the __42___. It is her first time to do that. She __43___a ticket and then goes in. But after two or three minutes she comes __44___, buys a second ticket and goes in again. After __45___minutes, she comes out again and buys a __46___ticket. Two or three minutes later, she asks for another ticket. Then thegirl in the ticket office asks her, “__47___do you buy so many tickets? How many friends do you meet?” Suzy answers, “__48___, I have no friends here. __49___ a big boy always stops me at the door and tears my __50___in pieces. ”41、A.big B.small C.girl D.old42、A.cinema B.museum C.school D.shop43、A.sees B.buys C.take D.brings44、A.in B.home C.out D.to45、A.a few B.a little C.little D.one46、A.more B.new C.third D.forth47、A.When B.What C.Where D.Why48、A.No B.Yes C.Sorry D./49、A.So B.And C.But D.Or50、A.money B.book C.paper D.ticket五、阅读判断42.True or False(判断下列句子是否符合短文内容,符合的用‘‘T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)。
冀教版小学六年级英语阅读理解练习题及答案详细解析 (14)
冀教版小学六年级英语阅读理解练习题及答案详细解析一、阅读理解1.阅读理解阅读短文,判断正误。
My English name is Tina. I live in Jinan. It's a beautiful city. I like drawing pictures and collecting stamps. My mother works in a school. She is a teacher. She teaches art. My home is near her school. So my mother often goes to work on foot. Sometimes she teaches me to draw in the evening. My father is a doctor. He works in a big hospital. He goes to work by bus. He likes collecting things too. But he doesn't collect stamps. He collect coins. He has many coins. I like my family.(1)Tina lives in a beautiful city.(2)Tina's hobby is collecting pictures.(3)Tina's mother is an art teacher.(4)Tina's father takes a bus to work.(5)Tina's father likes collecting stamps.【答案】(1)1(2)0(3)1(4)1(5)0【解析】【分析】文章大意:本文主要是缇娜对自己和家人以及生活环境的介绍。
(1)根据 I live in Jinan. It's a beautiful city.知,缇娜住在一个美丽的城市叫济南,故答案为正确。
深圳中学共同体2022-2023学年七年级下学期期中考试英语试题【带答案】
My son said, “I’m going to give this to Mom and let her help us find the owner of the bank card.” his friend said, “we can go to buy something from the shop with it.” To my happiness, my son replied, “No, it’s not ours. Someone might really need it back as soon as possible.”
My daughter went on with her own “conversation (对话)” as I___7___on the floor. She said, “I’m all fed up (厌烦). I just don’t know what to do with her anymore! She never lets me do the things that I just have to do! I have a lot of work to do and a big house to keep___8___. I don’t have the time to sit and play—don’t you know what I mean?”
He gave it to me. I looked the owner up on Facebook and sent her a message asking if she had lost something. That soon turned out. She is a very young single mom who wasbeside herselfbecause she couldn’t find it. It’s all back where it belongs.
2024-2025学年沪教版(上海)四年级英语上册阶段测试试卷722
2024-2025学年沪教版(上海)四年级英语上册阶段测试试卷722考试试卷考试范围:全部知识点;考试时间:120分钟学校:______ 姓名:______ 班级:______ 考号:______总分栏一、选择题(共9题,共18分)1、—what's in the classroom? — Two doors and chairs.A. manyB. mayC. math2、The weather will be ______ in Guangzhou.A. sunB. sunyC. sunny3、—What can you do in autumn? —I can ________.A. have picnicsB. go swimmingC. go skating4、Excuse me.Where’s your home?A. It’s near a park.B. My name is Panpan.C. I"m fine,thank you.D. You’re welcome!5、I am good________Maths,so this password is easy________me.()A. at,toB. at,forC. in,to6、下列每组单词中,选出不同类一项()A. underC. dear7、找出读音不同的一项()A. goB. clockC. noD. phone8、There is ________ in Beijing.()A. many interesting placesB. a interesting placeC. an interesting place9、She likes collecting maple __________.()A. leafB. leafsC. leaves二、填空题(共7题,共14分)10、d,e,s,s,r____11、small(反义词)____12、连词成句.I,ping﹣pong,also,like (.)_______13、判断下列短语翻译是否正确是(√)否(×)on the weekend在周日______14、连词成句.can, I, the, play, piano._______.15、连词成句next, hospital, It's, the, to (.)________16、I go to a science club once a week.(将主语改为 He) ________三、其他(共6题,共12分)17、It’s next to a park.18、There ___________ some soup.19、听短语,用数字1—6给下列图片标序号。
【1804考前五套题】英语(二)-解析版
意为虽然圣诞节前夕是一个更流行逛街的日子,但是在黑色星期五这天在美国仍
然有很多人出去买礼物。
8.People like to shop online on Christmas Eve.()
A:True
B:False
C:Not Given
答案:C
解析:
原文“ Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy
1804 英语(二) 考前模拟卷 001
一、综合题(共 4 题,45 分)
阅读判断,下面的短文后刊出了 10 个句子,请报据短文内容对每个句子作出判
断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择 A:如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择 B:
如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择 C。
Black Friday
Everyone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few
did, and it was hard for me to connect with them. I enjoyed listening to
classical music, never watched TV, and almost never watched movies.
I did not have a common background with my friends because I grew
Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores.
Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy
同步讲义 Module 6 Unit 2(教师版)
同步讲义 Module 6 Unit 2词汇1. West [west] 西方2. Westerner [ˈwestən ə(r)] 西方人3. serve [s ɜ:v] 端上4. similar [ˈsɪm əl ə(r)] 相似的5. wing [w ɪŋ]翅膀6. lady [ˈleɪdi] 女士,小姐7. gentleman [ˈdʒentlm ən] 先生;男士 8.help yourself 请随便吃 9. cross 生气的句子1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
2. Dinner is served around 7 pm or even later. 晚饭时间在晚上7点左右甚至更晚。
3. But there is nothing similar to say in English. 但是英语中没有类似的说法。
4. Knives and forks are used for most Western food. 大多数西餐使用刀叉做餐具。
单元语法 情态动词1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
【拓展】谚语:Like father,like son. 有其父必有其子。
Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。
知识精讲目标导航Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳。
Live and learn. 学到老活到老。
2.Dinner is served around 7 pm or even later. 晚饭时间在晚上7点左右甚至更晚。
【知识点1】serve(v.) (为…)服务【拓展】serve sb.sth. = serve sth. to sb. 用某物招待某人serve as 担任。
当饭菜、食物、饮料作主语时,谓语动词用serve时,需用被动语态。
gian的用法
gian的用法“gain”的用法如下:一、基本用法1. 作及物动词- 表示“获得;赢得;增加(体重、速度等)”。
例如:- I gained a lot of knowledge from reading books. (我从读书中获得了很多知识。
)- She gained first prize in thepetition. (她在比赛中赢得了一等奖。
)- He has gained five pounds during the vacation. (他在假期里增加了五磅体重。
)2. 作不及物动词- 表示“获利;(钟、表等)走快”。
例如:- Ourpany is gaining from this new business deal. (我们公司从这项新的商业交易中获利。
)- My watch gains two minutes every day. (我的手表每天走快两分钟。
)二、固定搭配1. gain access to- 意为“接近;有接近……的权利或机会”。
例如:- It's difficult for ordinary people to gain access to that exclusive club. (普通人很难有机会进入那个高级俱乐部。
)- How can students gain access to the library's special collections? (学生们如何能够使用图书馆的特藏呢?)2. gain an advantage over- 表示“胜过;比……有利”。
例如:- Our team gained an advantage over the opponents by training harder. (我们队通过更刻苦的训练胜过了对手。
)- She always tries to gain an advantage over her classmates in studies. (她总是试图在学习上比同学们更有优势。
高三英语爱好与未来职业发展的趋势预测练习题30题带答案解析
高三英语爱好与未来职业发展的趋势预测练习题30题带答案解析1.Her love for painting makes her consider becoming a(n) _____.A.artistB.scientistC.teacherD.engineer答案解析:A。
题干中提到她热爱绘画,所以成为艺术家比较符合逻辑。
B 选项科学家与绘画爱好关系不大;C 选项教师通常与教育相关,与绘画爱好联系不紧密;D 选项工程师也与绘画爱好没有直接关联。
本题主要考查词汇理解和逻辑推理。
2.His passion for music leads him to think about a career as a(n) _____.A.actorB.writerC.musicianD.doctor答案解析:C。
热爱音乐很容易让人想到成为音乐家。
A 选项演员主要与表演相关;B 选项作家与写作相关;D 选项医生与音乐爱好毫无关系。
本题考查词汇理解和逻辑判断。
3.She is fond of reading and wonders if she could be a(n) _____.A.librarianB.athleteC.police officerD.businessman答案解析:A。
喜欢阅读可能会考虑成为图书管理员。
B 选项运动员与阅读爱好无关;C 选项警察通常与维护治安相关,与阅读关系不大;D 选项商人与阅读爱好没有直接联系。
本题考查词汇理解和推理能力。
4.His hobby of playing basketball makes him consider being a(n) _____.A.coachB.architectC.accountantD.dentist答案解析:A。
喜欢打篮球可能会考虑成为教练。
B 选项建筑师与篮球爱好无关;C 选项会计与篮球爱好没有联系;D 选项牙医也与篮球爱好不相关。
上海市普陀区2024届高三一模英语试题(含听力)
上海市普陀区2024届高三一模英语试题(含听力)一、听力选择题1. What are the speakers talking about ?A.Their neighbors.B.Their holiday plans.C.Their favorite part-time jobs.2. What does the man suggest the woman do?A.Read the school magazine.B.Help him with an article.C.Join the school band.3.A.On May 10.B.On May 9.C.On May 8.D.On May 7.4. What went on at Cooper's last night?A.A movie show.B.A birthday party.C.A sales promotion.5.A.Improving health B.Building muscle C.Flexibility D.Weight loss二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。
1. What might be the symptom of exam stress according to the speaker?A.Eating disorder.B.Muscle ache.C.Brain injury.2. How many ways are talked about to deal with exam stress?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.3. What’s the purpose of the speaker?A.To warn.B.To complain.C.To inform.7. 听下面一段长对话,回答小题。
1. Where are the speakers?A.In the man’s house.B.In a clothing store.C.In a design company.2. What does the woman say about her business?A.It focuses on personal needs.B.It only provides formal clothing.C.It attracts mainly young customers.3. When will the wedding take place?A.In one week.B.In four weeks.C.In one year.8. 听下面一段较长对话,完成以下小题。
鲁教版五四制九年级全册《Unit_1》2022年(有答案)同步练习卷(第6课时)
鲁教版五四制九年级全册《Unit 1 When was it invented》2022年(有答案)同步练习卷(第6课时)一.单项选择.1. My coat is made _____ wool and silk.()A.toB.forC.fromD.of2. Our teacher was seen ______ to the office a moment ago.()A.goB.to goC.goingD.goes3. The Oxford Castle _____ by Henry (1154﹣1189).It is in very good condition now.()A.builtB.was builtC.has been builtD.is built4. Ice can be _____ water.()A.turn intoB.turn toC.turned intoD.turned to5. Keys are used for _____ doors.()A.lockB.lockedC.lockingD.locks6. ﹣When _____ the PRC _____?﹣On October 1st.()A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.is,foundD.were,founded7. Sorry,all the vegetables ______.Please come tomorrow.()A.sells wellB.have sold outC.have been sold outD.are selling8. A story _____ by Granny yesterday.()A.was told usB.was told to usC.is told usD.told us9. The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.()A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.to jump10. Older people ____ well.()A.looks afterB.must be looked afterC.must look afterD.looked after11. Our teacher ______ carefully.()A.should be listened toB.should be listenC.be listenedD.is listened12. In some parts of the world,tea ____ with milk and sugar.()A.is servingB.is servedC.servesD.served二.用所给动词的适当形式填空.This program________ (listen) to in many countries.Chinese________ (speak) by the largest number of people in the world. Trees________ (plant) in spring every year.Most science books________ (write) in English.The trees________ (grow) well along banks of the river.I________ (ask) to help him.________this word often________ (use) in English?The old headmaster loves the pupils and she________ (love) by them all. Our desks and chairs________ (make) of wood.The door________ (not lock) every evening.Water________ (use) in everyday life.The campus________ (clean) by the students every day.三. 阅读表达.Did Tom's teacher like him?Why?________(26).Who taught Tom to read and write out of school?________(27).When did Tom become interested in science?________(28).How did he build his science lab?________(29).What were invented by Tom?________.参考答案与试题解析鲁教版五四制九年级全册《Unit 1 When was it invented》2022年(有答案)同步练习卷(第6课时)一.单项选择.1.【答案】D【考点】介词辨析【解析】我的外套是由羊绒和丝绸做成的.【解答】答案:D be made of和be made from都表示由…做成,of表示容易看得出原材料,from 表示不容易看出原材料.外套的原材料是羊绒和丝绸,容易看出,选D.2.【答案】B【考点】动词不定式【解析】有人看见我们的老师刚才到办公室去了.【解答】答案:B.考查不定式.A去,动词原形.B不定式.C动名词.D第三人称单数.see 看到;在主动语态中see接动词原形go做宾补,在被动语态中要恢复to,故选B.3.【答案】B【考点】一般过去时的被动语态【解析】牛津城堡是由亨利(1154﹣1189)建造的.它现在情况很好.【解答】答案:B.考查被动语态.A过去式/过去分词.B一般过去时态的被动语态.C现在完成时态的被动语态.D一般现在时态的被动语态.主语"牛津城堡"是动词build建造,动作的承受者,表示被建造.另外,建造牛津城堡这件事发生在过去,用一般过去时态的被动语态.结构是was/were+动词的过去分词.主语专有名词.用was.build的过去分词是built.答案是B.4.【答案】C【考点】分词冰可以变成水.【解答】答案:C根据题意:冰可以变成水.结合选项,A.变成 B.转向 C.被变成 D.转向,此句是含有情态动词的被动语态can be+过去分词,故排除A B;结合题意,选项C符合题意,故选C.5.【答案】C【考点】动名词【解析】钥匙是用来锁门的.【解答】答案:C.根据Keys are used for _____ doors.可知这里for是一个介词,后面跟动名词形式.故选C.6.【答案】B【考点】一般过去时的被动语态【解析】﹣﹣中华人民共和国是什么时候建立的?﹣﹣10月1日.【解答】答案:B.考查被动语态.主语PRC中华人民共和国,是动词found建立,动作的承受者,表示被建议,事情发生在过去.用一般过去时态的被动语态.结构是was/were+动词的过去分词.主语是专有名词,用was.found的过去分词是founded.答案是B.7.【答案】C【考点】现在完成时的被动语态【解析】对不起,所有的蔬菜都被卖光了.请明天再来吧.【解答】答案:C根据题意:对不起,所有的蔬菜都被卖光了.请明天再来吧.分析句子可知强调的是现在,所以用现在完成时;主语是动作的承受着,所以是被动语态,推出考查现在完成时的被动语态have/has been+过去分词,结合选项,故选C.8.【答案】B一般过去时的被动语态其他动词短语【解析】昨天奶奶给我们讲了一个故事.【解答】答案:B.考查被动语态.tell sth to sb告诉某人某事.这里的sth放在前面了.主语story故事.是动作tell的承受者,表示被告诉.由yesterday昨天.可知,用一般过去时态的被动语态.结构是was/were+动词的过去分词.主语单数,用was.tell的过去分词是told.答案是B.9.【答案】D【考点】动词不定式【解析】有人看见猴子从树上跳下来.【解答】答案:D.考查不定式.A跳,动词原形.B第三人称单数.C过去式.D不定式.在主动语态中see接动词原形jump做宾补,在被动语态中要恢复to,故选D.10.【答案】B【考点】情态动词的被动语态【解析】老年人必须好好照顾.【解答】答案:B.考查被动语态.主语Older people老年人.是动词短语look after照顾,的承受者,表示被照顾.这里用情态动词的被动语态.结构是must+be+动词的过去分词.答案是B.11.【答案】A【考点】情态动词的被动语态【解析】我们老师的话应该被仔细听.【解答】答案:A.考查被动语态.主语teacher老师.是动词listen动作的承受者,表示被听.用被动语态.listen听,不及物动词.应该用to(teacher放在前面了).因此B,C,D不正确.这里用情态动词的被动语态.选A.12.【答案】B【考点】一般现在时的被动语态【解析】在世界上的一些地方,茶与牛奶和糖一起被提供.【解答】答案:B考查被动语态.根据句意"在世界上的一些地方,茶与牛奶和糖一起被提供"可知,要用一般现在时的被动语态,一般现在时的被动语态的构成是am/is/are+过去分词,主语tea是不可数名词,故答案为:B.二.用所给动词的适当形式填空.【答案】is listened【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】这个节目在许多国家都被收听了.【解答】答案:is listened考查单词填空.句意:这个节目在许多国家都被收听了.根据所给单词提示及其题干,可知句子是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为:be+done,主语是This program单数.故答案为is listened.【答案】is spoken【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】中文是世界上使用人数最多的语言.【解答】答案:is spoken考查单词填空.句意:中文是世界上使用人数最多的语言.根据所给单词提示及其题干by the largest number of people in the world,可知句子是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为:be+done,主语是Chinese,单数,故答案为is spoken.【答案】are planted【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】每年春天树木都被种植.【解答】答案:are planted考查单词填空.句意:每年春天树木都被种植.根据所给单词提示及其题干 in spring every year,可知每年春天树木都被种植.句子是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为be+done,这里主语是trees,复数,所以用are planted.故答案为are planted.【答案】are written【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】大多数科学书籍都是用英语写的.【解答】答案:are written 考查单词填空.句意:大多数科学书籍都是用英语写的.根据所给单词提示及其题干in English,可知大多数科学书籍都是用英语写的.可知句子是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为:be+动词的过去分词.这里主语是books,复数,所以用are written.故答案为are written.【答案】grow【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】这些树沿着河岸长得很好.【解答】表示"树生长的很好"一般现在时态,主语trees复数,谓语动词用原形grow.故答案为:grow.【答案】am asked【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】我被要求帮助他.【解答】答案:am asked 根据提示,推测意思是我被要求帮助他.主语是动作的承受者,叙述一种客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态,结构是am/is/are done,主语是我,故答案是am asked.【答案】Is,used【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】这个单词在英语中经常被使用吗?【解答】答案:is loved 根据提示,推测意思是这个单词在英语中经常被使用吗?主语是动作的承受者,叙述一种客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态,结构是am/is/are done,主语是三单这个单词,故答案是Is used.【答案】is loved【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】老校长很喜欢学生,她受到他们所有人的爱戴.【解答】答案:is loved 根据提示,推测意思是老校长很喜欢学生,她受到他们所有人的爱戴.主语是动作的承受者,叙述一种客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态,结构是am/is/are done,主语是三单她,故答案是is loved.【答案】are made【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】我们的课桌和椅子是木头做的.【解答】答案:is loved 根据提示,推测意思是我们的课桌和椅子是木头做的.主语是动作的承受者,叙述一种客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态,结构是am/is/are done,主语是复数,故答案是are made.【答案】isn't locked【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】门不是每天晚上都锁上的.【解答】答案:isn't locked考查单词填空.句意:门不是每天晚上都锁上的.根据所给单词提示及其题干every evening,可知句子是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为:be+done,主语是the door单数,即is locked,这里表示否定.故答案为isn't locked.【答案】is used【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】水在日常生活中被使用.【解答】答案:is used.根据Water﹣﹣(use) in everyday life,可知 everyday life用于一般现在时,water是动作的承受者,句子使用被动语态,所以这里应该是一般现在时的被动语态,构成be+动词的过去分词.故填is used.【答案】is cleaned【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】学生们每天都打扫校园.【解答】答案:is cleaned.根据The campus﹣﹣(clean) by the students every day,可知学生们每天都打扫校园.这里 every day用于一般现在时,campus是动作的承受者,句子使用被动语态,所以这里应该是一般现在时的被动语态,构成be+动词的过去分词.故填is cleaned.三. 阅读表达.【答案】No,hedidn'tBecausehealwaysaskedalotofquestions,His mother.,Evenbeforehewasten,He grew vegetables in his garden and sold them.With the money he set up a chemical laboratory.,Anelectricalrecorder,thephonograph,thecamera,thefirstelectriclamp,thestoragebattery【考点】回答问题型【解析】文章介绍了科学家爱迪生,他从小就爱问问题,对科学感兴趣,并通过自己的努力,一生有1368样发明.【解答】(25)No,he didn't.Because he always asked a lot of questions.细节理解题.由His teacher did not understand him可知老师不喜欢他,所以用否定回答.由During those three months he asked a lot of questions.Most of these questions were not about his lessons 可知老师不喜欢他的原因是因为他老是问许多问题.(26)His mother.细节理解题.由,and taught him herself可知是他的妈妈教的Tom 读和写.(27)Even before he was ten.细节理解题.由Even before he was ten he became very interested in science可知甚至他十岁前就对科学感兴趣了.(28)He grew vegetables in his garden and sold them.With the money he set up a chemical laboratory.细节理解题.由He grew vegetables in his garden and sold them.With the money he set up a chemical laboratory in his home in 1857可知他修建他的科学实验室是通过在园子里种菜并将菜卖掉,卖掉的钱就用来建立了实验室.(29)An electrical recorder,the phonograph,the camera,the first electric lamp,the storage battery.细节理解题.由Thomas Edison had 1,368inventions during his lifetime 后的内容可知,电子记录器,留声机,相机,第一台电灯,蓄电池都是他发明的.。
大学英语三级A级(英译汉)模拟试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语三级A级(英译汉)模拟试卷7(题后含答案及解析)题型有: 4. Translation-English into ChinesePart IV Translation-English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part numbered 61 through 65 is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese.After each sentence of numbers 61 to 64,you will read three choices of suggested translation.Y1.Computer data bases and electronic mail systems have been around since the late 1970s.A.20世纪70年代后期以来,计算机数据库和电子邮件系统已广泛使用。
B.到20世纪70年代,计算机数据基础和电子邮递系统就已经存在了。
C.在20世纪70年代后期,计算机数据库和电子邮件已普及了。
正确答案:A解析:①本题的关键在于考生对be around的翻译。
be around意为“在周围,到处,四处”,根据句意可意译为“广泛使用”。
since the late 1970s为该句的时间状语,可译为“自20世纪70年代后期以来”。
比较三个答案,A项为最佳答案,可得2分。
②C项把since翻译为“在……”是错误的,还漏译了systems “系统”,只能得1分。
③B项中错误最明显:首先同样对since理解错误,时间状语被错译为“到20世纪70年代”,其中还漏译了late,另外data bases是指“数据库”而不是“数据基础”,因此不得分。
知识模块:英译汉2.Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth.A.大约有120万个小公司相继出现了,超过了过去六年的经济增长。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册UNIT6课文及翻译(A+B篇)
TEXT ADoor closer, are you?“关门者”,你是吗?1 The next time you're deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do?下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时,不妨问自己这样一个问题:项羽会怎么做?2 Xiang Y u was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory. To his troops' astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned.项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。
他带领他的部队横渡漳河,突袭进入了敌方的领地。
他下令砸锅烧船,令他的部队大为震惊。
3 He explained that he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining victory over their opponents. What he said was surely motivating, but it wasn't really appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as they watched their vessels go up in flames. But the genius of General Xiang Yu's conviction would be validated both on the battlefield and in modern social science research. General Xiang Yu was a rare exception to the norm, a veteran leader who was highly respected for his many conquests and who achieved the summit of success.他解释道,他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。
英语四年级上册期中质量综合试卷测试卷(含答案)
一、阅读理解Hello, friends! I'm Mary. I'm a girl. I'm from America. There are four people in my family. Look! They are my parents, my brother and me. I have many friends in China. These are Lily and Mike. Lily has long hair and big eyes. She has a ruler. Where is her ruler? Look! It's under the book. These are Sarah and Tom. Tom has many storybooks. Look! Here they are. Today is Sarah's birthday. We have lunch together.1、______ is Mary's family. ( )A.B.2、Mary has ______ friends in China. ( )A.four B.five3、______ is Lily. ( )A.B.4、Lily's ruler is ______ the book. ( )A.in B.under5、______ has many storybooks. ( )A.Sarah B.TomHello! Look at me. Who am I? Look! I have a red flower and green leaves. I have thin and small roots. Thanks to (多亏) my straight (笔直的) stalk (茎), I can stand in winter. Many friends don’t like winter, but I like it very much. People all like me. Because l am a symbol (象征) of happiness and good luck (好运). I am from Mexico (墨西哥). I’m a Christmas Flower.6、—What do you have? ( )—________A.A red flower. B.Green leaves. C.A red flower and green leaves.7、—Are your roots thin or thick? ( )—________A.They’re thick.B.They’re thin. C.They’re long and thin.8、—How is the stalk? ( )—________A.It’s straight.B.It’s thin. C.It’s thick.9、I am from ________. ( )A.USA B.Australia C.Mexico10、My name is ________. ( )A.Sunflower B.Christmas Flower C.RoseHello! My name is Jane. There are four people in my family: my father, my mother, my brother and me. My father is a cook. He is in the kitchen now. He is tall and strong. My mother is a doctor. She’s friendly. My brother and I are students. My brother is tall and thin. I’m short and quiet. Dinner’s ready. We will have beef noodles and vegetables for dinner.11、Ther e are ______ people in Jane’s family. ( )A.three B.four C.five12、Jane’s father is a ______. ( )A.teacher B.nurse C.cook13、Jane’s mother is a ______. ( )A.doctor B.farmer C.driver14、Jane’s brother is ______. ( )A.tall and strong B.short and fat C.tall and thin15、They will have ______ and vegetables for dinner. ( )A.chicken noodles B.fish noodles C.beef noodlesMum: Hurry up, Helen! It’s eight o'clock. It’s time for school.Helen: I can’t go to school today, Mum.Mum: What’s the matter, de ar?Helen: I feel cold.Mum: Oh. You have a fever. Drink some warm water, dear.Helen: No. I don’t want to drink any water, Mum.Mum: Let’s go to see the doctor.Helen: OK. I want to drink some orange juice, Mum.16、Where is Helen now? ( )A.In the park. B.At home. C.In class.17、What time is it? ( )A.Seven forty. B.Seven. C.Eight o'clock.18、Is it Monday today? ( )A.Yes, it is. B.No, it isn’t.C.Sorry, I don’t know. (我不知道)19、Helen wants to ________. ( )A.go to school B.drink some water C.drink some orange juice20、What's the matter with Helen? ( )A.She is happy. B.She is ill. C.She is hungry.Hello! I’m Amy. It is Saturday today. It’s warm outside(外面). I have a friend. He is Tom. We don’t have any lessons on Saturday. I want to go t o the park with my friends. But Tom can’t go with us. Because his mother is ill. She has a cold. So Tom has to stay at home and looks after(照顾) his mother.21、Today is ________. ( )A.Sunday B.Saturday C.Monday22、It is ________ outside. ( )A.cold B.warm C.cold23、Amy and her friends ________ on Saturday. ( )A.go to the party B.go to the park C.go to the library24、Tom’s mother ________. ( )A.has a cold B.has a fever C.is hungry25、Tom is Amy’s ________. ( )A.brother B.friend C.sisterAlan, Sato and Fanny are from different countries (不同的国家). They talk about how people celebrate (庆祝) Halloween in their countries.Alan: I live in Beiing, China. We do not really celebrate Halloween here, but my friends and I sometimes watch films about ghosts (幽灵). We do not wear special clothes. We do not go to our neighbours' houses either.Sato: I am from Tokyo (东京). We do not celebrate Halloween at home. On 31 October, people at Tokyo Disneyland (迪士尼) wear orange clothes and have a parade (游行) through the park. Everyone dresses up like cartoon characters (角色). They look very funny.Fanny: I am from New York, the USA.Halloween is a happy day here. In October, my family buy pumpkins (南瓜) and cut out the eyes and the teeth to make lanterns (灯笼). We also buy special clothes from shops. On October 31, we dress up and knock on our neighbors' doors and say "trick or treat". Then they give us candy. We see “witches” and “ghosts” everywhere.26、People in _________ celebrate Halloween at home. ( )A.Beijing B.Tokyo C.New York27、Alan and his friends sometimes _________ at Halloween. ( )A.go to the cinema B.wear special clothes C.go to his neighbours' houses28、In Tokyo, people celebrate Halloween _________. ( )A.at home B.in the cinema C.in Disneyland park29、Fanny's family make _________ at Halloween. ( )A.special clothes B.pumpkin lanterns C.Christmas puddings30、Which of the following is NOT RIGHT? ( )A.Halloween is in October.B.Halloween is a happy day for the people in USA.C.At Halloween we can see witches and ghosts in every country.【参考答案】一、阅读理解解析:1、B2、A3、A4、B5、B【导语】本文讲述了玛丽的家人和在中国的朋友。
2010年全国各地高考英语完形填空题分类解析(二)
2010年全国各地高考英语完形填空题分类解析(二)八、语言学习(12)(2010辽宁卷)When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was 1 to see that it was an English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary. Although it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one but, to be honest, I found it extremely 2 to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meaning. I was used to the 3 bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are 4 both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt5 to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I 6 that monolingual dictionaries are 7 in learning a foreign languageAs I found out, there is in fact often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two 8 in two language. My aunt even goes so far as to 9 that a Chinese “equivalent”can never give you the 10 meaning of a word in English!11 , she insisted that I read the definition(定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of itsmeaning.12, I have come to see what she meant.Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n) 13 number of words, around 2, 000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am14 exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. 15 this, I can express myself more easily in English.1. A. worried B. sadC. surprisedD. nervous2. A. difficult B. interestingC. ambiguousD. practical3. A. new B. familiarC. earlierD. ordinary4. A. explained B. expressedC. describedD. created5. A. offered B. agreedC. decidedD. happened6. A. imagine B. recommendC. predictD. understand7. A. natural B. betterC. easierD. convenient8. A. words B. namesC. ideasD. characters9. A. hope B. declareC. doubtD. tell10. A. exact B. basicC. translatedD. expected11. A. Rather B. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Instead12. A. Largely B. GenerallyC. GraduallyD. Probably13. A. extra B. averageC. totalD. limited14. A. repeatedly B. nearlyC. immediatelyD. anxiously15. A. According to B. In relation toC. In addition toD. Because of[答案与解析]本篇文章为记叙文。
2022学年人教新目标七年级英语上册Unit 4 Section A B基础测试题附答案
Unit 4 Section AⅠ.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子1.—Where are my books?—They're (在……下) the bed.2.The schoolbag is on the (椅子).3.—(在哪里) is Hangzhou?—It's in Zhejiang Province(省).4.—Where's my pen? —It's on the (桌子).5.Mary's dictionary is on the (沙发).Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空6.(she) books are on the table.7.(that) are Tony's good friends.8.Is this (he) watch?9.—Are your tapes on the table?—No, (it) aren't.10.Where are the (table)?11.Where (be) the CDs?12.—(be) my ruler on the desk?—Yes, it is.13.The baseball (be not) on the sofa.Ⅲ.根据图片提示完成句子141516171819202114.You can see a in the picture.15.This is not my .16.The is blue.17.It is Jim's .18.I found a in the classroom.19.Is the yours?20.The is round(圆的).21.Where's the ?Ⅳ.按要求完成下列各题22.The computer is on the desk.(改为一般疑问句)the computer the desk?23.His keys are in the bag.(对画线部分提问)his keys?24.The key is on the table.(对画线部分提问)on the table?25.The ruler is in the pencil box.(改为否定句)The ruler in the pencil box.26.Is it in your bag?(作否定回答), it .Ⅴ.根据汉语提示完成句子27.—Where's the schoolbag?Is it (在桌子下面)?—No, it isn't. It is on the table.28.—Where are the books?Are they on the sofa?—No, they aren't.They are (在床上).29.—Where are the keys?Are they(在你的书包里)?—No. They are on the sofa.30.(快点儿), Mike! We are late(迟到).31.(我认为) his book is (在书柜里).Ⅵ.完形填空It is 7:00.My 32are in the room.My parents are on the 33.The man in a black jacket is my uncle.His 34is John.He is my father's brother.He is on the 35.A red hat is under his chair.Look at the 36.Ah, it's not a hat.It's a clock.Bill is 37the floor(地板).He is my 38.He is Uncle John's son.Lucy and I 39on the bed.Lucy is UncleJohn's 40.She is my cousin, too.Alice is near(在附近) my mother.She is my 41.She is Lucy and Bill's mother.She is on the sofa, too.()32.A.telephones B.things C.family D.photos()33.A.desk B.sofa C.bookcase D.table()34.A.number B.card C.room ()35.A.bed B.chair C.desk D.table()36.A.clock B.hat C.watch D.baseball()37.A.in B.on C.under D.of()38.A.brother B.grandfather C.cousin D.sister()39.A.am B.is C.are D.be()40.A.son B.brother C.daughter D.sister()41.A.grandmother B.aunt C.friend D.sisterⅦ.阅读理解I'm Linda.Welcome to my room.My school ID card and my schoolbag are on thesofa.What are those in the bookcase? Oh, they are my tape player and some tapes.My name is Jack.This is my room.Look! My books are on the sofa.My blue jacket is on the bed.In the bookcase is my brother John's dictionary.Where is my pencil box? Oh, it is on the chair.Hi, I'm Sally.What can you see in my room? My computer is on the desk.The CDs are in the bookcase.What are those under the bed? Oh, they are three baseballs.They are my sister Alice's.()42.Where is Linda's tape player?A.On the sofa.B.On the desk.C.On the bed.D.In the bookcase.()43.Jack's jacket is .A.blackB.redC.greenD.blue()44.The underlined word “it” refers to .A.the bedroomB.the jacketC.the dictionaryD.the pencil box()45.What is NOT in Sally's room?A.Her bookcase.B.Three baseballs.C.Her computer games.D.Her CDs.()46.What's the best title(标题) of this passage?A.Linda's roomB.My roomC.My friendD.My familyⅧ.单词拼写根据下列短文,写出与各小题所给汉语相对应的英语单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
大学英语精读2_2
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2024年中考英语抢分秘籍(全国通用)淄博烧烤+学校园艺+人工智能+快时尚行业等(解析版)
2024年中考英语热点信息必读01文章导读一、阅读理解春联的悠久历史二、阅读理解山东淄博烧烤三、阅读理解吃播的来源和所带来的食物浪费问题四、阅读理解学校流行的新的科目——学校园艺五、阅读理解“老派的”工具转为人工智能和大数据六、阅读理解快时尚行业七、短文填空苗寨的卡拉鸟笼的制作工艺八、书面表达“栓Q、YYDS、juejuezi、尊嘟假嘟”等网络用语一、阅读理解(2024·江西九江·一模)Chunlian,also known as the Spring Festival couplet,is a very important part of Chinese culture.It has a very long history and is deeply connected to the celebrations of the Spring Festival.A long time ago,chunlian was to drive away bad spirits and bad luck.There is a story from the Tang Dynasty about people putting peach wood with pictures of gods Tu Shen and Yu Lei on their doors.But over time, these peach wood pieces changed into paper couplets with written words that brought good luck and wishes. Another story from the Song Dynasty tells us that people wrote lucky words on red paper and put them on their gates or doors during the Spring Festival.A special event happened in the Later Shu when the ruler,Meng Chang,asked a minister to write couplets for him.But he wasn’t happy with the work,so he wrote them himself.These are now considered the first Spring Festival couplets,and they say:“New Year brings extra happiness,and this festive season is called Everlasting Spring.”During the Ming Dynasty,chunlian became very popular,and that’s when it got its name.Emperor Hongwu (namely Zhu Yuanzhang),who started the Ming Dynasty,really liked chunlian.He made a rule that every house,no matter who lived in it or how rich they were,had to have a chunlian on their gates on New Year’s Day.He even wrote couplets for a poor family.Over the years,the custom of hanging chunlian during the Spring Festival has very widely spread.These couplets are usually written in a simple,poetic style on red paper.Red is thought to have the power to scare away bad luck and bring good luck.This tradition is still an important part of Chinese culture and is celebrated with great joy today.1.What does the underlined word“them”in Paragraph2refer to?A.Pictures of gods.B.Peach wood pieces.C.Meanings of good wishes.D.Lucky words on red paper. 2.When did the Spring Festival couplets get its name of chunlian?A.In Tang Dynasty.B.In the Song Dynasty.C.In the Later Shu.D.In the Ming Dynasty.3.Which of the following can most probably be the first chunlian according to the passage?A.新年纳余庆,嘉节号长春B.年丰人增寿,春早福满门C.岁月更新人不老,江山依旧景长春D.神州春暖山河秀,华夏龙腾日月新4.What can we know about chunlian according to the passage?A.It was invented by Emperor Hongwu.B.It was used to drive away bad spirits.C.It has a history of several thousand years.D.The main purpose of chunlian is to show one’s talent in writing.5.What would be the best structure of the passage?A.B.C.D.今仍是春节期间的常见习俗和中国文化的重要组成部分,全文为总分总结构。
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差比句“A比B……得多”与“A比B……多了”之比较郭 雲輝·田 禾0.引言在对A、B两项进行比较时,往往使用“A比B……得多”或“A比B ……多了”这两个差比句式来表示二者程度差异之大,例如:1) 我比你大得多。
2) 我比你大多了。
这两个句式究竟有何不同?其使用的语用条件是什么?本文首先从解决这两个问题入手,对各自的使用条件加以分析和归纳,并进一步对“多”从“数量的表达”到“程度的表达”的转换路径进行探讨,也尝试解释这两种句式在形式和语义上的关联。
1.有关“……得多了”的研究及问题点在分别讨论“A比B……得多/多了”之前,我们发现有一个合并了二者的“……得多了”的句式,例句不是很多,大多出现在书面语中。
如:3) 驶船的淀民微笑着,这微笑比太阳灿烂得多了。
(《1994年报刊精选》)4) 所谓“软固定”,其实就是用绷带绑紧,这样就可以早点活动,肌肉不至于萎缩,不过人受的罪可就比打石膏要大得多了。
(《1994年报刊精选》)5) 秀莲一见张文,心就怦怦直跳。
真标致,又有男子气概!他有点象小刘,不过比小刘讨人喜欢得多了。
(《鼓书艺人》老舍)6) “是的,少宫主比宫主当年有魄力得多了。
”(《圆月弯刀》古龙)7) 最后这个本子,比起前几个本子,充实得多了。
(《保卫延安》杜鹏程)8) 但值得欣慰的是,科学哲学目前的状况比波普尔哲学走红时要成熟得『コミュニカーレ』3(2014)61-71©₂₀₁₂同志社大学グローバル・コミュニケーション学会郭 雲輝·田 禾多了。
(《1994年报刊精选》)9) 特别是最近十几年的快速发展,我国现在进行现代化建设的物质基础比过去雄厚得多了。
(1993年人民日报12月份)10) 现在报社群工部的工作范围比过去宽得多了。
(1994年人民日报第1季度)11) 他瘦高个子,身材匀称,年轻时一定很漂亮。
如今已五十开外,两鬓已经花白,自当了厂长以来,性格也比过去稳健得多了。
(《浪漫的黑炮》张贤亮)12) 他站起来叫了一声“爸爸”,比刚才温顺得多了。
(《人啊人》戴厚英)13) 看鸿渐一眼,关切地说:“鸿渐兄,你瘦得多了。
”(《围城》钱钟书)马庆株(2005:147)中提到:表示比较的粘合式述程式可以看作是表比较的组合式述程式去掉“得”字加上“了”字形式的格式。
“~多了”可以说成“~得多了”,“~多了”可以看作“~得多了”的紧缩形式:大得多/大得多了/大多了|清楚得多/清楚得多了/清楚多了|好得多/好得多了/好多了。
由此可见,“了”是附在整个述程式之后的,不是附在补语之后的。
“多了”不能表示差别大的意思。
我们认为马先生所指出的单说“多了”并不能表示差别大这一点很有启发性。
确实,如果做菜往里加盐的时候说的“啊呀,多了!”只表示放的量超出应该有的,而并不能表示差别大。
但是如果伴随着形容词,如:“今天人比往常多多了。
”这里的“多了”就明显指差别大,具有了程度义。
这样看来,“多了”是否表示差别大要看它所在的句子,“了”在其中的作用也有必要进一步探讨。
还有一点就是,如果“……得多”到“……多了”的变化是像马先生所说的经历了“……得多了”这个过程,那么为什么“了”会进入这样一个固定的格式,而且“得”是怎么脱落的也值得怀疑。
因为通常粘合式的补语其动词与补语的语义关系紧密,如“洗干净”,“洗”跟“干净”在语义上发生自然的联想,是一种固定的搭配。
而组合式的比如“洗得像新的一样”动词与补语之间是临时性的搭配。
粘合式的跟组合式的通常可以并存,而不会发生从一种到另一种的形式变异。
所以我们觉得“……得多”与“……多了”更可能有各自独立的形成过程。
差比句“A比B……得多”与“A比B……多了”之比较2.“……得多”的使用情况像例1)、2)那样可以互换的情况较多,但也有一些只能用“……得多”,如:14) 不是老师不尊重你们的民主权利,而是老师比你们见得多,……(《我是你爸爸》王朔)15) 梅子,你比大娘知道得多。
(《苦菜花》冯德英)16) 其实,我平时也比一般犯人吃得多, (《绿化树》张贤亮)17) 爱社说,我比你们好过?谁比我赔得多? (《香与香》乔典运)18) 但我是信的,因为对我舅舅的道德品质,我比我妈了解得多。
(《2015》王小波)上述例句有一个共同的特点,就是谓语部分都是动词。
这些句子并不是表示差别大的差比句,而只是一般的差比句[A比B多]。
正如“今天比昨天热”的否定形式必须保留形容词“热”一样,例14)至18)的否定式也都必须保留“多”,如:14')……而是老师见得没有你们多……15')梅子,你知道得没有大娘多。
16')其实,我平时吃得也没有一般犯人多……17')……谁赔得没有我多? ……18')……我了解得没有我妈多……如果是程度义的,比如:“今天比昨天热得多”中的“多”,其否定形式则为“今天没有昨天热”,否定最小值的规则1⁾使否定句不会再出现程度义的“多”。
实际上,这几个例句中的“多”都是表数量的原义。
各句所描述的事实完全可以表述为:14”)……而是老师见的比你们多……15”)梅子,你知道的比大娘多。
16”)其实,我平时吃的也比一般犯人多……1)详见石毓智(2001)。
郭 雲輝·田 禾17”)……谁赔的比我多? ……18”)……我了解的比我妈多”……“V的/多”与“V/得多”是两种不同的结构,即使描述的客观事实相同,在语义表达上也有一定的区别。
动词与“的”形成名词化的词组指称事物,如“冰箱里吃的、喝的很多”,“吃的”就是指食物。
而动词后出现“得”就比较复杂。
众所周知,三个结构助词“de”的分化并不是一开始就存在的,即使是现在,“的”与“得”通用的句子也不少。
比如“你说de对”,“的/得”都能成立。
对于“得”的虚化过程有诸多讨论,很多学者认为是来自于动词“获得/得到”义。
2⁾在现代汉语中具体到“V得多”,我们的语感是针对V所做的评价。
比如“他吃de很多”第一选择不会是“他有很多食物”,因此会选择用“得”。
当然“他吃得很多”仍然说的是量多,但说明的对象明显地不是食物的数量,而是动作者的动作行为或者是由动作行为引发的结果。
这种语义的变化可以说是“多”从原始的表数量的语义向表程度的语义虚化的一个步骤。
因为从认知的角度来看,数量是客观的范畴,几个就是几个,不会随着说话人的主观意愿改变。
而程度相对来说就是主观的范畴,好坏是根据说话人的个人价值观所作的判断。
名词化的“V的”指称数量的多少,而动作行为本身“V”往往要通过其结果来显性地标示出量,“吃得多”不是“吃”这个动作次数多,仍然是通过动作者“他”胖了、或者是他消耗的食品数量来凸显结果,这也是我们赞同“得”由“获得”义虚化而来的一个原因。
总之,以动作行为为说明对象的“得多”并不是说明动作行为的次数,而是说明其效率高。
可以说,“V得多”虽然还没有虚化为程度义,但比起“V的多”来,句式本身强制性地要求“多”以“V”为叙述对象,已渐显出程度化的趋向。
动词和形容词在汉语里都可以直接充当谓语,形容词Adj完全可能出现在V的位置上而构成“Adj得多”。
而形容词本身具有的程度特性,使“多”进一步凸显程度义。
可以推测,形容词后出现的“得多”之所以具有程度义是由于“谓词+得多”这一构式的作用。
例14)至18)中的“de”完全可以认为是两个“de”通用的一类句子,同时也可以看作是“多”原本的用以指称数量的意思与名词性成分相容而产生的双方的互动。
语义的互动使程度义的“多”与形容词而不是名词成分相容,因此程2)详见邓小宁(2012)第二章“得”字句的研究评述。
差比句“A比B……得多”与“A比B……多了”之比较度义“多”前边的“de”就选择了“得”。
语言的自动模仿复制机能使程度义“多”从与形容词搭配进一步扩展为与动词搭配。
如:19) 教师并不比你们知道得多,只是比你们知道得早。
(《1994年报刊精选》)20) “你会,我们不会?我这快六十的人了,生过儿养过女,不比你懂得多;你养过小孩吗?” (《抱孙》老舍)21) 调查的结果并没有解决丝毫问题。
警署没有马车夫了解得多,他们一点也不知道六月六日在大下水道铁栅栏那儿逮捕过人,……(《悲惨世界》)3.“……多了”的使用情况刘月华等(2001:837)在关于“比”字句的分类中提到:“A(主语)+比B(状语)+谓语”,且谓语由形容词、“有”+抽象名词、一般动词(但是,前面带“早、晚、先、后、难、好〈易〉、多、少”等或后面有形容词充任的情状补语)时后面可以加上“得多”、“多了”。
例如(原文例句重新编号):22)我比他大得多,自然头发也比他白得多。
23)那位老中医比我们有经验得多,而且下药十分谨慎。
24)她睡得比我晚得多。
25)A:这块布比那块布只长一公尺吗? B:不,长多了。
26)小王比他师傅有办法多了,办事也很灵活。
27)弟弟看书比我看得快多了。
28)这条路比那条路好走多了。
我们所查到的实际语料的例句也证实,差比句中谓语为形容词或形容词与动词的组合以及“有+抽象名词”时,一般同样的谓词既可以使用“……得多”也可以使用“……多了”,且都表示差别很大。
例如:29) 这女人的岁数也比他小得多。
(《落魄》汪曾祺)30) 可有些话我又不便明说,于是我笑着说,你可比我们那位女士小多了。
(《玩儿的就是心跳》王朔)郭 雲輝·田 禾31) 新娘子却比李小兰漂亮得多。
(《太阳出世》池莉)32) 我比他漂亮多了。
(《我这一辈子》老舍)这里的“小得多”与“小多了”、“漂亮得多”与“漂亮多了”意思基本相同,但“……得多”相对客观地表示差别大,而“……多了”更倾向用于对话中,带有更多的说话人的主观性,往往表达了说话人某种夸张的语气:33)“不行,人都锈了。
你看咱们同岁吧,你就显得比我年轻多了。
” (《无人喝采》王朔)34)她在黑地里摸到我,说:“怎么样,还满意吧,咱长得比你帅多了。
” (《变形记》王晓波)35)“哎,赶明儿我发你一个。
”许逊拍着我肩膀说,“比这可棒多了,特水。
” (《动物凶猛》王朔)这种语气与句尾的“了”不无关系。
肖治野、沈家煊(2009)所说的“了”的行、知、言三域的特征正好揭示了“多了”的语气来源。
3⁾因为说话人与谈话对象在谈话中要互相传递新信息,而差比句本身因为涉及对比项,所含的情报量较大,句子末尾的“了”通过其言域的作用将“多”所承载的程度义凸显给谈话对象,而不仅仅停留在形容词的语义上。
这样通过“了”使“多”的程度义最大化,自然就可能表达出说话的夸张语气。
另外,还有一种倾向于用“……多了”的情况。
刘月华等(2001:840)提到:表示同一事物在不同时间或不同处所情况有所不同的句式“主语+A比B(状语)+谓语”后面也可加上“多了”,但是没有提及可以加上“得多”。