第八章计算机专业英语2008年影印版word

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计算机专业英语2008影印版-复习资料

计算机专业英语2008影印版-复习资料

Unit 11.Operating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources,provide an interfacebetween user and the computer,and run applications. 协调计算机资源,用户和计算机之间提供一个接口,运行应用程序。

2.Device drivers are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devicesto communicate with the rest of the computer system. 设备驱动程序是专门的程序设计为允许特定的输入或输出设备与计算机系统的其余部分。

3.System unit:the system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components thatmake up a computer system. 系统单元:系统单元是一个容器,房子的大部分电子元件组成一个计算机系统。

4.Optical discs use laser technology and have the greatest capacity光盘使用激光技术和具有最大的能力5.*Connectivity is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with othercomputers连接是微机的功能与其他计算机共享信息6.Procedures are rules or guidelines to follow when using software,hardware,and date.they aretypically documented in manuals written by computer professionals. 程序规则或指导方针在使用软件,硬件,和日期。

计算机专业英语影印版(compu...

计算机专业英语影印版(compu...

Crossword Puzzle Answers:Open Ended Questions:1.Describe system software. What are the four types of system programs?System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handlethe majority of technical details. System software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection or a system of programs that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no userintervention. System software consists of four types of programs:• Operating systems coordina te computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.• Utilities, also known as service programs, perform specific tasks related to managing computerresources.• Device drivers are specialized programs that all ow particular input or output devices tocommunicate with the rest of the computer system.• Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process.2.What are the basic functions of every operating system? What are the three basic operatingsystem categories?Every operating system performs various functions. These functions are:• Managing resources:These programs coordinate all the computer’s resources includingmemory, processing, storage, and devices such as printers and monitors. They also monitorsystem performance, schedule jobs, provide security, and start up the computer.• Providing user interface: Users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface.• Running applications: These programs load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheets. Most operating systems support multitasking, or the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory.The three main categories of Operating systems are:• Embedded operating systems - The entire operating system is stored within or embedded in the device and permanently stored on ROM.• Network operating systems (NOS) are used to control and coordinate computers that are networked or linked together.• Stand-alone operating systems control a single desktop or notebook computer.3.Explain the differences and similarities betw een Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.They all perform the basic functions of an operating system. They manage resources, provide a user interface, and run applications. They all use a graphical user interface, and can network small groups of computers.The differences are as follows:Windows– has 90 percent of the market operating system market share, more applicationprograms are developed to run under Windows than any other operating system, designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. The new version, Vista, has Advanced system security, a Three-dimensional workspace, and utilizes WinFS, makes it possible to locate files based on a description of their content.MAC OS- Designed to run on Apple machines, but with the latest version can also run on Intel microprocessors. It is not as widely used as Windows, but is one of the most innovativeoperating systems. It includes utilities such as Spotlight which is an advanced search tool that can rapidly locate files, folders, email messages, addresses, and much more, and Dashboard Widgets which are a collection of specialized programs that will constantly update and display information.Linux– Of the three operating systems, it is the only one that is an open source. It is a version of UNIX. It runs on powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web. It encourages others to modify and further develop the code.4.Discuss utilities. What are the five most essential utilities? What is a utility suite?Utilities are specialized programs designed to make computing easier. The most essential are • Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs that recognize and correct problems, ideally before they become serious.• Antivirus programs that guard your computer system against viruses or other damagingprograms that can invade your computer system.• Uninstall programs that allow you to safely and completely remove unneeded programs and related files from your hard disk.• Backup programs that make copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged.• File compression programs that reduce the size of files so they require less storage space and can be sent more efficiently over the Internet.Utility suites combine several programs into one package. Buying the package is less expensive than buying the programs separately.5.Explain the role of device drivers. Discuss the Add Printer Wizard and WindowsUpdate.Every device, such as a mouse or printer, that is connected to a computer system has a special program associated with it. This program, called a device driver, works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of thecomputer system. Each time the computer system is started, the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory.Windows’ Add Printer Wizard provides step-by-step guidance for selecting theappropriate printer driver and installing that driver.Windows Update makes it easy to update the drivers on your computer.1.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Antitrust has students research and write aboutthe legal and ethical ramifications of Microsoft’s antitrust lawsuit and domination of the software market.Web Tools1.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #3 Customized Desktop has students explore theWeb to learn about desktop customization. They need to explain the answer they found and how they could use them.Software Tools1.Applying Technology exercise #1 Virus Protection explores what viruses are, how acomputer system can be protected, and what means the student has taken in the past toprotect a computer system.2.Applying Technology exercise #2 Windows Update has the student explore what thefunction Windows Update is, how to configure it, and when to use it.3.Applying Technology exercise #3 WinZip has the student research the functionality ofthe WinZip program, what are some of its uses, and how to use it.4.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Virus Protection Works explores whatviruses are, and how a computer system can be protected. It also has the student writeabout the steps they have taken in the past to protect a system and if was effective or not.5.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #2 Booting and POST has the student research theboot process, the definition of BIOS, and what can be achieved by customizing theprocess.Writing Skills1.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Virus Protection Works explores whatviruses are, and how a computer system can be protected. It also has the student writeabout the steps they have taken in the past to protect a system and if was effective or not.2.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Antitrust has students research and write aboutthe legal and ethical ramifications of Microsoft’s antitrust lawsuit and domination of the software market.3.Writing About Technology exercise #2 Online Backup has students research and write apaper on online backup options.。

计算机专业英语Unit8

计算机专业英语Unit8

Unit 8 Section 1


Zhang Hua: Then are there any special requirements for a computer in multimedia applications? Mr. Wang: Actually most PCs today have good multimedia features. They have dual- or single-core CPUs clocked at 3.0 GHz or faster, at least 1GB of RAM, and a 128 MB or higher video card. Popular graphics cards include Nvidia Gforce or ATI Radeon. Zhang Hua: So there is a wide selection for us now. Mr. Wang: Right. Multimedia applications were uncommon due to the expensive hardware required until the mid-1990s. However, with increases in performance and decreases in price, now they are commonplace. Of course, we can make different choices depending on our specific purposes. Zhang Hua: I see. Thank you very much for your explanation, Mr. Wang. Mr. Wang: You’re welcome.

计算机专业英语2008影印版句子词语翻译(小抄版)

计算机专业英语2008影印版句子词语翻译(小抄版)

○11.Visual chapter openers and summaries具视觉效果的开篇和总结2.On the Web explorations 网络资源3.Tips 小贴士,小窍门4.Making IT work for you 为你所用5.Concept checks and review 检查6.Key terms 核心词汇7.Careers in IT 信息技术相关职业8.Procedures (指令,操作说明)9.Software (软件)10.Hardware (硬件)11.Blocking spam 垃圾邮件过滤软件12.Speech Recognition 语音识别软件13.Virus Protection and Internet Security14.网络安全软件 Tuner Cards and Video Clips电视卡和视频编辑软件16.Web Cams and Instant Messaging网络视频摄像头和即时通讯17.Music from the Internet网络音乐下载、上传和编辑18.Home Networking 家庭网络19.Spyware Removal 间谍软件移除工具20.Job Opportunities 网络就业机会搜索软件21.Operation system 操作系统22.Coordinate resources 协调资源23.Interface 提供接口24.Run applications 运行应用程序25.Utilities 公共实用程序26.Device drivers 设备驱动程序27.Browser 浏览器程序28.Microsoft Office 办公软件29.Basic application 基础应用程序itary or Government军事政府31.Research institute 研究机构32.Insurance companies 保险公司33.Mainframe computers 大型机,主机34.Supercomputers 超级计算机35.Minicomputers 中型电脑36.Microcomputers 微机个人计算机37.Desktop computer 台式电脑38.Notebook computer, laptop computers手提式、膝上轻便电脑39.Tablet PC 支持手写的平板电脑40.Handheld computer 掌上电脑41.Windows mobile 操作系统42.Electronic Dictionary 电子词典43.Palm computer 掌上电脑44.Handheld computer 手持电脑itary PDA 军用PDA46.System unit:microprocessor and memory微处理器和内存47.Input/output devices 输入和输出48.Keyboard 键盘49.Mouse 鼠标50.Monitor 显示器printer 打印机51.Secondary storage 辅助存储器pact discs (CD) 激光盘53.Digital versatile or video discs (DVD) 数字化视频光盘54.High-definition discs (HDD) 高清盘55.Document files 文字处理56.Worksheet files 工作表单57.Database files 数据库文件58.Presentation files 演示文件puter competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills-indispensable tools for today.2.Present an overview of an information system 概述信息系统3.Understand these basic parts and how connectivity through the Internet.5大组成部分及如何访问网络4.Filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests 填写电脑化的表格和考试5.People are surely the most important part of any information system. 人是信息系统中最重要的组成元素6.Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. 我们的生活每天都要接触计算机、信息系统分不开7.Making IT Work for You:presentinteresting and practical IT applications. 实用的信息技术应用8.Tips:suggestions ranging from the basicsof keeping your computer system runningsmoothly to how to protect your privacy whilesurfing the Web. 关于计算机运用和网上冲浪安全的提示和建议9.Careers in IT:provides job descriptions,projected employment demands, educationalrequirements, current salary ranges, andadvancement opportunities. 信息技术相关的工作puting Essentials Web site:moreinformation on the Web. 本课本相关的网络资源11.Software are the instructions that tell thecomputer how to process date into the form youwant. 软件就是指导计算机把数据转换成信息的指令12.In the most case, the words software andprograms are interchangeable. 大多时候,软件和程序的概念是可以互换的13.系统软件是应用软件和计算机硬件的中间连接件。

计算机专业英语翻译2008影印版

计算机专业英语翻译2008影印版

CHAPTER 11. SOFTWARE (P7)Software, as we mentioned(提到的), is another name for programs. Programs are the instructions(指令)that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases, the words software and programs are interchangeable(可以互换的). There are two major kinds of software: system software and application(应用软件) software. You can think of application software as the kind you use. Think of system software as the kind the computer uses.软件,正如我们所提到的,它的另外一个名字叫程序。

程序是告诉计算机如何按照你的想法处理数据的一系列指令集。

在大多数情况下,软件和程序是可以互换。

主要有两个不同种类的软件:系统软件和应用程序软件。

你可以认为软件是你使用的那类,系统软件就是给电脑使用的那类。

2. (P11)System unit: The system unit is a container(容器) that houses(装载/收藏) most of the electric components(组件)that make up(组成)a computer system. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor(微处理器) and memory(内存). The microprocessor controls(控制)and manipulates(处理)data to produce information. Many times the microprocessor is contained(放置) within a protective(受保护的) cartridge(盒子). Memory, also known as primary storage(主存) or random access memory (RAM)(随机存取存储器), holds(保存) data and program instructions(指令) for processing the data. It also holds the processed information before it is output. Memory is sometimes referred to as temporary(暂时的) storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted(消失).系统单元:系统单元是一个装满许多电子组件的容器,构成一个计算机系统。

计算机专业英语2008影印版 翻译

计算机专业英语2008影印版 翻译

P4:People: It is easy to overlook people as one of the five parts of an information system. Yet this is what microcomputers are all about –making people, end users like you, more productive.人们很容易忽视的一个信息系统的五个部分。

但这正是微型计算机都是关于——让人们,和你一样的终端用户,更有效率。

Procedures:The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software , hardware, and data are procedures. These procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer specialists. Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with thire products. These manuals are provided either in printed or electronic form.程序:规则或指导人们在使用软件时,硬件和数据的程序。

这些程序通常记录在手册由计算机专家写的。

软件和硬件制造商提供与他们产品手册。

这些手册是在印刷或电子形式提供。

Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Software is anther name for a program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). For example, a payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate (data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information).软件:一个程序包括循序渐进的指示,告诉计算机如何工作。

计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题Multiple choice题目,答案及翻译

计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题Multiple choice题目,答案及翻译

1、A common term that describes the combination of traditional computer and communication technologies isb. information technology一个描述了传统的计算机和通信技术结合的常见的术语B.信息技术2、Procedures are typically documented in manuals written byb. computer specialists程序一般是在手册撰写记录的B.计算机专家3、Which of the following is an example of connectivity?a. Internet下列哪一项是连接的一个例子吗?A.互联网4、Windows XP, windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples ofb. operating systems Windows XP,Windows Vista,和Macintosh OS X都是例子B.操作系统5、Because of their size and cost, these computers are relatively rare.d. supercomputers由于它们的尺寸和成本,这些电脑是比较少见的。

D.超级计算机6、The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called thed. microprocessor系统组成,控制和操纵数据来产生信息称为D.微处理器7、A system component that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process is called a(n)c. output device一个系统组件,将人类可以理解成计算机能够处理的形式的数据和程序被称为C.输出设备8、A CD is an example of a(n)c. optical disc CD是一个例子(N)C.光盘9、If you want to communicate a message or persuade other people, you would typically use this type of software.d. presentation如果你想传达信息或说服别人,你通常会使用这种类型的软件。

计算机专业英语Unit_8

计算机专业英语Unit_8

I. New Words
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
node n. 网络节点,连接到网络上的设备 multi-drop n. 多分支,多点(网络) reservation n. 保留,保留品 inquiry v. 质询,探索 disadvantage n. 缺点 disabled adj. 禁止的,屏蔽的,停用的,无效的 detach v. 使分离,分遣 disturb v. 扰动,干扰 personnel n. 人事部门 update v. 更新 gateway n. 网关
Par. 4

Two common applications of local area networks are hardware resource sharing and information resource sharing.Hardware resource sharing allows each personal computer on the network to access and use devices that would be too expensive to provide for each user.[1] Information resource sharing allows anyone using a personal computer on the local area network to access data stored on any other computer in the network.In actual practice , hardware resource sharing and information resource sharing are often combined.

计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题答案(包括crossword_puzzle的句子翻译)

计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题答案(包括crossword_puzzle的句子翻译)

Computing Essentials 2008课后练习题答案详解Chapter 1: Information Technology, The Internet, and Y ouCrossword Puzzle Answers: (p22)Across1 、The most essential part of an information system. People信息系统最基本的部分。

人7 、Coordinates computer resources. Operating System协调计算机资源。

操作系统10 、Modifies signals for processing. Modem修改信号以便处理。

调制解调器12 、Data that has been processed by the computer. Information计算机处理过的数据。

信息13 、Unprocessed facts. Data没处理过的事实。

数据14 、Notebook computer that accepts handwritten input.. Tablet PC可以用手写输入的笔记本电脑。

平板电脑DownNum. Clue Answer2 、Uses computers to become more productive. End User使用电脑变得更有效率。

终端用户3 、Rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Procedures使用软件,硬件和数据时遵循的规则或指引。

指令说明书4 、Created by word processors. Document Files文字处理创建出来的。

文档文件5 、Specialized programs that allow input and output devices to communicate. Device Drivers 允许输入和输出设备通信的专业程序。

计算机专业英语词汇词组翻译(08影印版)

计算机专业英语词汇词组翻译(08影印版)

UNIT 1application software 应用软件basic application 基础程序communication device 通讯设备compact disc(CD) 高密度磁盘computer competency 计算机能力desktop computer 台式机device driver 设备驱动程序r digital versatile disc(DVD) 数字化通用磁盘digital video disc(DVD) 数字视频光盘end user 终端用户floppy disc 软盘handheld computer 手持式计算机hard disc 硬盘highdefinition(hidef)高清晰度information system 信息系统information technology 信息技术input device 输入设备mainframe computer 大型机midrange computer 中型机notebook computer 笔记本电脑operating system 操作系统output device 输出设备optical disc 光盘(CD和DVD 的统称)palm computer 掌上电脑personal digital assistant(PDA)个人数字助理presentation file 演示文档(PPT)primary storage 主存储器random access memory(RAM)随机存取存储器secondary storage 次级存储specialized application 专业计算机应用system software 系统软件system unit 系统处理单元tablet PC 平板电脑wireless revolution 无线革命worksheet file 工作表文件UNIT 2Advanced Reasearch Project Agency Network (ARPANET)阿帕网auction house site 拍卖行网站business-to-business(B2B)企业对企业的电子商务模式business-to-consumer(B2C) 企业对消费者的电子商务模式Center for European Nuclear Research(CERN)欧洲原子能研究中心(注意是CERN而非CENR)computer virus 计算机病毒consumer-to-consumer 消费者对消费者的电子商务模式digital cash 数字现金directory search 目录检索domain name 域名electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件file transfer protocol(FTP) 文件传输协议Hypertext Markup Language(HTML)超文本标记语言instant messaging(IM) 即时通讯Internet security 网络安全Internet service provider(ISP) 互联网服务提供商Keyword search 关键字检索metasearch engine 元搜索引擎national service provider 国家级服务提供商online banking 网上银行online shopping 网上购物online stock trading 网上炒股person-to-person auction site 人与人的拍卖网站plug-in 插件程序search engine 搜索引擎search service 搜索服务signature line 签名档social networking 社交网络spam blocker 垃圾邮件拦截器specialized search engine 专用搜索引擎top-level domain(TLD) 顶级域名uniform resource location(URL) 统一资源定位器universal instant messenger 环球即时通讯Web auction 网上拍卖Web-based application 基于Web应用Web-based services 基于Web服务Web page 网页Web utility Web实用程序Wireless modem 无线调制解调器Wireless service provider 无线上网服务提供商UNIT 3analytical graph 分析图AutoContent wizard 内容提示向导bulleted list/numbered list 项目符号列表business suite(productivity suite)商务套装软体character effect 字符效果computer trainer 计算机教师contextual tab 情景标签(上下文选项卡)database management system(DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager 数据库管理器design template 设计模板dialog box 对话框find and replace 查找替换grammar checker 语法检查器graphical user interface(GUI) 图形用户界面home software 家用软件integrated package 集成软件包master slide 幻灯片母板menu bar 菜单栏numeric entry 数字输入personal software 个人软件personal suite 个人软件套装presentation graphics 演示图形relational database 关系数据库software suite 软件套件specialized suite 专业软件套装speech recognition 语音识别spelling checker 拼写检查程序user interface 用户界面utility suite 实用工具套件what-if analysis 假设分析word processor 文字处理软件word wrap 自动换行workbook file 工作表文件UNIT4 artifical intelligence 人工智能artificial reality 人造现实audio editing software 音频编辑软件bitmap image 位图clip art 剪辑艺术desktop publisher 排版者desktop publishing program 排版程序drawing program 绘图程序expert system 专家系统fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑graphical map 图形映射graphics suite 图像处理套件illustration program 插图软件image editors 图像编辑器image gallery 图像库immersive experience 拟真经历industrial robot 工业机器人knowledge base 知识库knowledge-based system 基于知识的系统mobile robot 可动机器人multimedia authoring program 多媒体编辑程序page layout program 排版程序perception system robot 感知系统机器人photo editors 照片编辑器raster image 光栅图像(位图的另一种说法)virtual reality 虚拟现实stock photograph 摄影作品story board 故事板vector illustration 矢量插画vector image 矢量图video editing software 视频编辑软件virtual environment 虚拟环境virtual reality modeling language(VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall 虚拟现实墙Web authoring 网页制作Web authoring program 网页制作程序Web log 网络日志Web page editor 网页编辑器UNIT 5Add Printer Wizard 添加打印机向导antivirus program 反病毒软件backup program 文件备份程序Boot Camp 引导营地cold boot 冷启动computer support specialist 计算机支持专家desktop operating system 桌面操作系统device driver 设备驱动diagnostic program 诊断程序dialog box 对话框Disk Cleaning 磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter 磁盘碎片整理embedded operating system 嵌入式操作系统file compression program 文件压缩程序graphic user interface 图形用户界面language translator 程序语言翻译程序network operating system(NOS)网络操作系统network server 网络服务器One Button Checkup 一键检测software environment 软件环境stand-alone operating system 单机操作系统system software 系统软件troubleshooting program 麻烦纠错程序uninstall program 卸载程序utility suite 套装工具软件warm boot 热启动UNIT 6AC adapter 交流电转接器accelerated graphics port(AGP)图形加速端口arithmetic-logic unit(ALU) 逻辑算术单元,运算器arithmetic operation 算术运算binary coding scheme 二进制编码方案binary system 二进制系统bus line 总线bus width 总线宽度cache memory 高速缓冲存储器carrier package 载波包central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器clock speed 时钟速度complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 互补金属氧化物半导体computer technician 计算机技术员control unit 控制单元,控制器desktop system unit 桌面系统单元dual-core chips 双核心晶片expansion bus 扩展总线expansion card 扩展卡expansion slot 扩展槽FireWire bus 火线总线FireWire port 火线端口flash memory 闪存graphics card 显卡graphics coprocessor 图形协处理器handheld computer system unit掌上电脑系统单元industry standard architecture(ISA)工业标准结构Infrared Data Association(IrDA) 红外数据协会integrated circuit 集成电路logical operation 逻辑运算modem card 调制解调器卡musical instrument digital interface(MIDI)音乐设备数字接口network adapter card 网络适配卡network interface card 网络接口卡,网卡notebook system unit 笔记本电脑系统单元parallel port 并行端口parallel processing 并行处理PC card 个人计算机卡PCI Express(PCIe) 串行总线peripheral component interconnect(PCI)外部控制器接口Plug and Play 即插即用power supply unit 电源单元random-access memory 随机存储器read-only memory 只读存储器RFID tag 无线射频标签serial ATA(SATA) 串行ATAserial port 串行端口silicon chip 硅晶片smart card 智能卡sound card 声卡system board 主板system bus 系统总线system cabinet 主机箱system clock 系统时钟system unit 系统处理单元tablet PC system unit 平板电脑系统处理单元TV turner card 电视卡universal serial bus(USB) 通用串行总线virtual memory 虚拟内存UNIT7active-matrix monitor 有源矩阵显示器bar code 条形码bar code reader 条形码扫描器bar code scanner 条形码扫描器cathode-ray tube(CRT) 阴极射线管combination key 组合键cordless mouse 无线鼠标data projector 投影机digital camera 数码摄像机digital media player 数字媒体播放器digital music player 数字音乐播放器digital video player 数字视频播放器display screen 显示屏幕dot-matrix printer 点阵式打印机dot pitch 点距dots-per-inch(dpi) 每英寸点数dual-scan monitor 双向扫描显示器dumb terminal 哑终端ergonomic keyboard 人体工程学键盘fax machine 传真机flat-panel monitor 平板显示器flatbed scanner 台式扫描仪flexible keyboard 柔性键盘handwriting recognition software手写识别软件high-definition television(HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机intelligent terminal 智能终端Internet telephone 网络电话IP telephony ip电话laser printer 激光打印机light pen 光笔liquid crystal display(LCD) 液晶显示器magnetic-ink character recognition(MICR)磁墨水字符识别mechanical mouse 机械鼠标mouse pointer 鼠标指针multifunctional device(MFD) 多功能设备network terminal 网络终端numeric keypad 数字小键盘optical-character recognition(OCR)光学字符识别optical-mark recognition(OMR)光标阅读器optical mouse 光电鼠标optical scanner 光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor 无源矩阵显示器personal laser printer 个人激光打印机picture elecments 像素pixel pitch 像素间距platform scanner 平版式扫描仪pointing stick 指点杆portable printer 便捷式打印机portable scanner 便携式扫描仪radio frequency card reader 射频读卡器radio frequency identification 射频识别refresh rate 刷新率roller ball 滚球shared laser printer 共享激光打印机technical writer 技术作家thermal printer 热敏打印机thin film transistor 薄膜晶体管toggle key 切换键touch pad 触摸板touch screen 触摸屏tranditional keyboard 传统键盘Universal Product Code(UPC)通用产品代码Voice over IP(VoIP)网络协议电话Voice recognition system 语音识别系统Wand reader 条形码读入器wheel button 滚轮wireless keyboard 无线键盘wireless mouse 无线鼠标UNIT 8access speed 存取速度CD-R(CD-recordable) 可录入光盘CD-ROM(compact disc-read-only memory)只读光盘CD-ROM jukebox 点唱机CD-RW(compact disc rewritable)可擦写光盘direct access 直接存取disk caching 磁盘缓存DVD-R(DVD recordable) 可录入DVD+R(DVD recordable)DVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD随机存储器DVD+ROM(DVD-read-only memory)高密度只读光盘DVD-RW(DVD rewritable) 可擦写DVD+RW(DVD rewritable)enterprise storage system 企业存储系统erasable optical disc 可擦除光盘file compression 文件压缩file decompression 文件解压缩file server 文件服务器flash memory card 闪存卡floppy disk 软盘floppy disk drive(FDD) 软驱hard disk 硬盘hard-disk cartridge 硬盘盒hard-disk pack 硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)head crash 物理碰撞high-capacity disk 高容量磁盘internal hard disk 内置硬盘Internal hard drive 内部硬盘驱动器magnetic tape 磁带magnetic tape reel 磁带盒magnetic tape streamer 磁带条mass storage 大容量存储器mass storage devices 大容量存储设备optical disc 光盘organizational Internet storage 组织网络存储PC Card hard disk pc卡片硬盘RAID system 碟阵列系统redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)磁盘阵列sequential access 顺序存取software engineer 软件工程师solid-state storage 固态存储器storage device 存储设备tape cartridge 磁带盒tape library 磁带库write-protection notch 写保护等级UNIT 93G cellular network 3G移动网络analog signal 模拟信号asymmetric digital subscriber line(ASDL)非对称数字用户线路base station 基站bits per second(bps)broadcast radio 无线电波bus network 总线网络cable modem 线缆调制解调器cellular service 移动电话服务client/server network 客户端/服务器网络coaxial cable 同轴电缆communication channel 通信电路communication system 通信系统dial-up service 拨号服务digital signal 数字信号digital subscriber line 数字用户线路distributed data processing system分布数据处理系统domain name servicer 域名服务器external modem 外部调制解调器fiber-optic cable 光导纤维global positioning system(GPS) 全球定位系统hierarchical network 层次网络internal modem 内部调制解调器IP address(Internet Protocol address)IP地址local area network(LAN)局域网low bandwidth 低带宽medium bandwidth 中带宽metropolitan area network 城域网network administration 网络管理员network architecture 网络体系结构network gateway 网络网关network hub 网络集线器network interface card 网络接口卡network operating system(NOS)网络操作系统PC Card modempeer-to-peer network 对等网proxy server 代理服务器ring network 环形网satellite/air connection service卫星连接服务star network 星型网terminal network 终端及网络time-sharing network 分时网络transmission control protocol/Internet protocol(TCP/IP)传输控制协议/互联网协议wide area network(WAN)广域网Wi-Fi(wireless fidelity)无线高保真wireless LAN(WLAN)无线局域网wireless modem 无线猫wireless receiver 无线电接收机UNIT 10ad network cookie 广告网络cookie adware cookie 广告软件cookie anti-spyware 反间谍软件biometric-scanning 生物识别扫描carpal tunnel syndrome 软骨综合症computer crime 计算机犯罪computer ethics 计算机道德Computer Fraud and Abuse Act计算机欺诈和滥用法computer monitoring software 计算机监控软件cumulative trauma disorder 积累性损伤错乱data security 数据安全denial of service(DoS) attack 拒绝服务攻击disaster recovery plan 灾难恢复计划electronic monitoring 电子监控electronic profile 电子个人资料Energy Star 能源之星environmental protection 环境保护Financial Modernization Act 金融服务现代化法Freedom of Information Act 信息自由法案history file 历史文件identify theft 身份盗用illusion of anonymity 匿名幻想information broker 信息经纪人information reseller 信息经销商Internet scam 网络诈骗keystroke logger 键盘嗅探登陆器mistaken identity 张冠李戴physical security 物理安全repetitive motion injury 反复性动作损失repetitive strain injury(RSI)重复性劳损reverse directory 反向目录Software Copyright Act 软件著作权法software piracy 软件盗版spy removal program 间谍软件清除程序surge protector 浪涌电压保护器traditional cookies 传统的信息记录程序Trojan horse 特洛伊木马voltage surge 电压增加Web bug 网页爬虫。

精品文档-计算机专业英语(杨文元)-008

精品文档-计算机专业英语(杨文元)-008

Part Eight Computer Security
(5) Periodic Review. Few controls are permanently effective.Just when the security specialist finds a way to secure assets against certain kinds of attacks,the opposition doubles its efforts in an effort to defeat the security mechanism.Thus,judging the effectiveness of a control is an ongoing (不间断的) task.
Part Eight Computer Security
We use computers for everything from banking and investing to shopping and communicating with others through e-mail or chat programs. Although you may not consider your communications “top secret”, you probably do not want strangers reading your E-mail, using your computer to attack other systems, sending forged e-mail from your computer, or examining personal information stored on your computer (such as financial statements).[1] 2. Who would want to break into our computer?

计算机专业英语2008影印版选择题的翻译加答案

计算机专业英语2008影印版选择题的翻译加答案

CHAPTER 11、A common term that describes the combination of traditional computer and communication technologies isb. information technology一个描述了传统的计算机和通信技术结合的常见的术语B.信息技术2、Procedures are typically documented in manuals written byb. computer specialists程序一般是___在手册撰写记录的B.计算机专家3、Which of the following is an example of connectivity?a. Internet下列哪一项是连接的一个例子吗?A.互联网4、Windows XP, windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples ofb. operating systemsWindows XP,Windows Vista,和Macintosh OS X都是__的例子B.操作系统5、Because of their size and cost, these computers are relatively rare.d. supercomputers由于它们的尺寸和成本,这些电脑是比较少见的。

D.超级计算机6、The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called thed. microprocessor系统组成,控制和操纵数据来产生信息称为D.微处理器7、A system component that translates data and programs that humanscan understand into a form that the computer can process is called a(n)c. output device一个系统组件,将人类可以理解成计算机能够处理的形式的数据和程序被称为C.输出设备8、A CD is an example of a(n)c. optical discCD是___的简称C.光盘9、If you want to communicate a message or persuade other people, you would typically use this type of software.d. presentation如果你想传达信息或说服别人,你通常会使用这种类型的软件。

计算机专业英语Unit 8

计算机专业英语Unit 8

Unit 8 Computer NetworkingT ext 1 Data Communications Exercises1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the text.(1)The end equipment is either __generates the digital information for transmission_or_ uses the received digital data.(2)When digital data are transmitted, they are _in serial form_.(3)_DTE___ is data terminal equipment.(4)_STACO is the corresponding unit at the secondaries.(5)Between the DTEs, first is _the modems_, and then is the communicationsequipment__.(6)_DCE__ accepts the serial data stream from the DTE.(7)At the transmit end, the modem can be considered a form of _digital-to-analog_converter, while at the receive end, it can be considered a form ofanalog-to-digital__ converter.(8)DCE converts the received_ analog signal_ to a serial digital data stream_.2. Multiple choices.(1)The end equipment in a communication system includes _ABCD_.A. computersB. CRTsC. printersD. keyboards(2)The equipment B_D__.A. manipulates digital information internally in serial formB. manipulates digital information internally in word unitsC. transfers the number of bits in parallelD. transfers the number of bits in serial form(3)DTE is __BD_.A. Digital T-carrierB. data terminal equipmentC. satelliteD. the last piece of equipment that belonged to the subscriber in a data link system(4)There are AB_ between the DTEs.A. the modemB. communications equipmentC. digital-to-analog converterD. will be replaced by an updated standard3. Translate and analyze the following sentences.(5)This equipment generally operates digital information internally in word units.句子组成:in word units介词短语作方式状语修饰operates翻译:_这种设备通常在内部以字为单位处理数字信息_____(6)It converts the received analog signal to a serial digital data stream.句子组成:convert……to指将……转换成……翻译:它把接收到的模拟信号转换成串行数字数据流(7)Data communications equipment (DCE) accepts the serial data stream from theDTE.句子组成:from the DTE修饰动词accept翻译:数据通信设备(DCE)从DTE接收串行数据流Reading comprehension.Security is an important consideration in the Internet world. The computer has a way of knowing who you are. Most LANs or mainframes require each user to log in, or sign on to the system. To do this, you should type in your user ID before a prompt. Y ou are then prompted for a password. Passwords are special codes you use to “lock” your account. Obviously you need to be careful about protecting your password if you are building nuclear power plants or something, but what about the rest of us? A student recently got some help from her friend on email. She gave him her password to a class account, and he wrote it down. Apparently some of his buddies found the password and logged in using the student’s user ID and password, and sent a very obscene message to the class. The student nearly lost her account, because she had been sloppy with her password.Change you password regularly!Some hints:∙Don’t use your dog’s name. People will guess it.∙Don’t use words in English, people can hook up spell checkers.∙Consider combining words and numbers.Answer the following questions according to the article above.(8)What does the passage mainly discuss?Security is an important consideration in the Internet world.(9)According to the passage, we know security is an important consideration __in theInternet world_.(10)Why the author thinks that is important to protect your password if you are buildingnuclear power plant or something?Because the password may be used by other people(11)At last, the author give some hints, what are they?They are: first, don’t use your dog’s name. People will guess it. Second,don’t use words in English, people can hook up spell checkers. And last, consider combining words and numbers.Text 2 Architecture of Computer Networks Exercises1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the text.(12)Computer network is a complex unit, it consists of two or more connectedcomputing units.(13)Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of designprinciples.(14)Two important network architectures are: the OSI reference model and the TCP/IPreference model.(15)The _OSI__ model was created by the ISO.(16)Note that the OSI model itself is not a network architecture__.(17)TCP/IP is a communication protocol, it provides many different networkingservices.(18)The TCP/IP Internet protocol suite is formed from two standards :_the TCP__ andthe IP__.(19)__TCP/IP__ is the foundation of the Internet as we know it today.(20)TCP means it is on the __transport__ layer and IP means it is on the __network__layer separately.2. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.(21)Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of designprinciples. ( √ )(22)The OSI model was not created by the ISO. ( × )(23)The network architecture is a layer-based. ( √ )(24)The OSI model is a foundation for all comparing protocols. ( × )(25)The OSI model is a network architecture. ( × )(26)The TCP/IP Internet protocol suite is formed from three standards. ( × )(27)TCP means it is on the network layer and IP means it is on the transport layerseparately. ( × )3. Translate and analyze the following sentences.(28)It is used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing.句子组成:it 代指计算机网络,for引导的短语结构修饰used翻译:_它用于数据通信和资源共享。

计算机专业英语影印版(Compu...

计算机专业英语影印版(Compu...

Key Terms Page 1of 6 Key TermsKey TermDefinition3G cellular network (249) A computer network that allows users to download data from the Internet at 400 to 700 Kbps using cell phone technology. analog signal (247) Continuous electronic waves. asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) (248) The most widely used types of DSL. backbone (258) A common connecting cable on which all communications travel along. (see also bus) bandwidth (249) A measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel. base station (254) A network’s centrally located receiver that interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the appropriate devices. (see also wireless receiver) bits per second (bps) (247) How transfer speed is measured Bluetooth (245) A short-range wireless communication standard that uses microwaves to transmit data over short distances broadband (250) The bandwidth used for high-capacity transmissions. broadcast radio (245) Uses radio signals to send and receive signals from wireless devices. bus (258) A common connecting cable on which all communications travel along. (see also backbone) bus network (258) Each device in the network handles its own communications control. cable modem (249) Use existing television cables to provide high-speed connections to the Internet. cellular service (249) Offer an alternative for mobile devices and laptops. client (251) A node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. client/server network system (260) A computer network where one computer coordinates and supplies services to other nodes on the network. coaxial cable (244) A high-frequency transmission cable with a single solid-copper core. Communication channel (244) The actual connecting or transmission medium that carries the message. Communication system (243) An electronic system that transmit data from one location to another computer network (251) A communication system that connects two or more computers so that they can exchange information and share resources. connectivity (242) Using computer networks to link people and resources. demodulation (247) The process of converting from analog to digital. dial-up service (248) Using standard telephone lines and conventional modems to link to the Internet or other computers digital signal (247) A representation of the presence or absence of an electronic pulse – on/off digital subscriber line (DSL) (248) Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections distributed data processing system Computers that can perform processing tasks at their own Key Terms Page 2of 6 (258) dispersed locations. distributed processing (251) A system in which computing power is located and shared at different locations. domain name server (DNS) (250) Converts text-based addresses to IP addresses Ethernet (253) The most common way in which nodes can be connected to one another and communications can be controlled. external modem (247) A modem that stands apart from the computer and typically is connected by a cable to the computer’s serial port. extranet (262) A private network that connects more than one organization. fiber-optic cable (244) Transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. firewall (263) A security system designed to protect an organization’s network against external threats. global positioning system (GPS) (245) Global positioning system (GPS) devices use location information sent by satellites to uniquely determine the geographic location of the device. hierarchical network (258) Consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, but also are hosts to other, smaller computers or peripheral devices. home network (254) Local Area Networks used by individuals in their homes and apartments. host computer (251) A large centralized computer, usually a minicomputer or a mainframe. hub (251) The center or central node for other nodes. infrared (245) A type of wireless connection that uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. internal modem (248) A modem that consists of a plug-in circuit board inside the system unit. intranet (262) A private network within an organization that resembles the Internet. IP address (Internet Protocol address) (250) A unique numeric address for every computer on a network. local area network (LAN) (253) Networks with nodes that are in close physical proximity low bandwidth (250) Used for standard telephone communication. (see also voiceband) medium band (250) the bandwidth used in special leased lines to connect minicomputers and mainframes metropolitan area network (MAN) (254) A network that span distances up to 100 miles. microwave (245) A type of communication uses high-frequency radio waves. modem (247) Modulator-demodulator, enables digital microcomputers to communicate across analog telephone lines. modulation (247) The process of converting from digital to analog. network administrator (251, 264) A computer specialist responsible for efficient network operations and implementation of new networks. network gateway (253) A device that allows one LAN to be linked to other LANs or to larger networks. network hub (255) A central unit in a network, such as a server. Key Terms Page 3of 6 network interface card (NIC) (251) Expansion cards located within the system unit that connect the computer to a network network operating system (NOS) (251) An operating system that control and coordinate the activities of all computers and other devices on a network. node (251) Any device that is connected to a network. packet (250) Data reformatted or broken down into small parts PC Card modem (248) A modem that is a credit card –size expansion board that is inserted into portable computers peer-to-peer network system (261) A network system where nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. polling (255) A type of communications where each connecting device is asked whether it has a message to send. protocol (250) Rules for exchanging data between computers proxy server (263) A computer through which all communications between the company’s internal n etworks and the outside world must pass. ring network (258) Each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring with no central computer satellite (245) A type of communication that uses satellites orbiting about 22,000 miles above the earth as microwave relay stations. satellite/air connection service (249) Use satellites and the air to download or send data to users at a rate seven times faster than dial-up connections. server (251) A node that shares resources with other nodes. star network (255) A number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit. strategy (260) A way of coordinating the sharing of information and resources T1, T2, T3, T4 lines (248) Special high-speed lines leased from telephone companies. telephone line (244) A type of cable that uses 2, 4, or 8 pairs of copper wire. terminal network (260) A network system where processing power is centralized in one large computer, usually a mainframe. time-sharing system (258) Several users can share resources (time) on a central computer. topology (255) How a network is arranged or configured transfer rate (247) The speed at which data can be transmitted Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (250) The standard protocol for the Internet voiceband (250) Used for standard telephone communication. (see also low bandwidth) wide area network (WAN) (254) A countrywide or worldwide network that spans distances greater than 100 miles. Wi-FI (wireless fidelity) (245) A wireless standard used to connect computers to each other and to the Internet. wireless LAN (WLAN) (254) Local area network that uses wireless devices to connect nodes together. wireless modem (248) A modem that may be internal, external, or a PC Card sends and receives through the air. wireless receiver (254) A network’s centrally located receiver that interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the appropriate devices. (see also base station) Crossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer 5 Interprets and routs incoming radio frequencies. Base station7 Continuous electronic waves. Analog9 Configuration of a network. topology10 Network interface card. NIC11 Transfer speed or transfer rate. bps12 Short range wireless communication standard. bluetooth14 Measurement of the width of the communication channel. bandwidth DownNum. Clue Answer 1 Node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. client 2 Each device in the network handles its own communications. Bus network 3 Device that allows links between LANs. Network gateway 4 Process that converts digital to analog. modulation6 Pieces of a message sent over the Internet. packets8 Global positioning system. GPS13 Any device that is connected to a network. node15 Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections. DSL 16 Central node for other nodes. hubNum Multiple ChoiceAnswers Matching Answers1 C G 2 B B 3 A A 4 D I 5 C H 6 D E 7 B C 8 B J 9 B D 10 D F Open Ended Questions:to another 2.Identify and describe the various physical and wireless communication channels.PhysicalTelephone lines - consist of twisted-pair cable made up of hundreds of copper wires. Coaxial cable- a high-frequency transmission cable with a single solid-copper core. Fiber-optic cable - transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. WirelessInfrared - uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. Broadcast radio sends and receive radio signals through transceivers. Microwave - uses high-frequency radio waves. Satellite - uses satellites orbiting above the earth as microwave relay stations. 3.Identify the standard Internet protocol and discuss its essential features.The standard protocol for the Internet is TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol). Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric address called an IP address. Information is reformatted or broken down into small parts called packets. 4.Define and discuss the four principal network topologies.S tar network - a number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit. Bus network - each device in the network handles its own communications control. Ring network - each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring. Hierarchical network— consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, and also hosts to other, smaller computers or to peripheral devices. 5.Define and discuss the three most common network strategies.Terminal network system,- processing power is centralized in one large computer, usually a mainframe.  - use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other Client/server network systems - use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network. Peer-to-peer network system, nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. Answers to End of Chapter materials Page 5 of 6 Focus Applying Technology Expanding YourKnowledgeWriting AboutTechnologyEthical Electronic Monitoring Digital Rights Management Web Tools Palm How Napster and Gnutella Work Software Tools Home Networking Distributed Computing How Wireless Home Networks Work Hotspots Writing Skills Ethical focusWriting About Technology exercise #1 Electronic Monitoring explores the FBI Carnivore monitoring system and how it affects personal privacy. Writing About Technology exercise #2 Digital Rights Management explores the issue of sharing copyrighted material over the Internet and how it affects software piracy. Applying Technology exercise #3 Palm explores how Palms work with the Internet and looks at the types of information are available. Expanding Your Knowledge #2 How Napster and Gnutella Work looks at the different types of network architectures employed by each program and their efficiencies. Applying Technology exercise #1 Home Networking works with the Making it Work for you section in exploring the different types of home networking and how to configure Applying Technology exercise #2 Distributed Computing has the students research the concept of distributed computing, how it works, and why it is beneficial. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Wireless Home Networks Work has the students discover basic features and functionalities of home networking and how they can Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #3 Hotspots has the student explore the technology of public Internet access and what is necessary to use it. 。

计算机专业英语第八章课文翻译

计算机专业英语第八章课文翻译

CHAPTER 8 SECONDARY STORAGEP213IntroductionSecondary storage devices are used to save, to back up, and even to tran sport files consisting of data or programs from one location or computer to another. Not long ago, almost all files contained only numbers and lett ers. The demands for saving these files were easily met with low-capacity floppy disk drives and hard-disk drives.Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digita l music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. These new ty pes of files require secondary storage devices that have much greater cap acity.Secondary storage devices have always been an indispensable element i n any computer system. They have similarities to output and input device s. Like output devices, secondary storage devices receive information from the system unit in the form of the machine language of 0s and Is. Rathe r than translating the information, however, secondary storage devices sav e the information in machine language for later use. Like input devices, s econdary storage devices send information to the system unit for processi ng. However, the information, since it is already in machine form, does n ot need to be translated. It is sent directly to memory (RAM), where it c an be accessed and processed by the CPU.Competent end users need to be aware of the different types of second ary storage. They need to know the capabilities, limitations, and uses of fl oppy disks, hard disks, optical discs, and other types of secondary storage. Additionally, they need to be aware of specialty storage devices for porta ble computers and to be knowledgeable about how large organizations ma nage their extensive data resources.辅助存储设备被用来保存,备份,甚至把数据或程序从一个位置或计算机传送到另一个地方。

【免费下载】计算机专业英语影印版...

【免费下载】计算机专业英语影印版...

【免费下载】计算机专业英语影印版...Key TermsKey Term Definitionapplication software (9)End user softwarebasic application (9)Application software that is used in nearly all careers(See also general-purpose application)communication device (13)Computer equipment that allows a computer toconnect to other computer systems to share data andinformation.compact disc (CD) (13) A type of optical disc that has the least storagecapacity.computer competency (3)Having computer related skillsconnectivity (15)Allows computers to connect and share informationdata (4)Unprocessed factsdatabase file (14)typically created by database management programsto contain highly structured and organized data.desktop computer (11) A type of microcomputer that is small enough to fiton top of or alongside a desk yet are too big to carryaround.device driver (8)specialized programs designed to allow particularinput or output devices to communicate with the restof the computer system.digital versatile disc (DVD) (13) A type of optical device that gives great capacity andcan be used store many different types of data. (Seealso digital video disc)digital video disc (DVD) (13) A type of optical device that gives great capacity andcan be used store many different types of data. (Seealso digital versatile disc)document file (14)Data files created by word processors to savedocuments such as memos, term papers, and letters.end user (4)The most important part of an information system.(See also people)floppy disk (13) A magnetized secondary storage device that is smalland can easily transport data from one computer toanother.handheld computer (11)The smallest microcomputer that is designed to fitinto the palm of one hand. (See also palm computer)hard disk (13) A secondary storage device that uses magnetized dustto store the information.hardware (5)The equipment that processes the data to create informationhigh definition (hi def) (13) A type of optical disk that has great capacity.information (4)Processed factsinformation system (4)Composed of five parts: people,procedures, software,hardware, and data.information technology (IT) (5)Relating to computer software and hardware, and datainput device (11)Translate data and programs that humans canunderstand into a form that the computer can process.、管路敷设技术通过管线敷设技术,不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范问题,而且可保障各类管路习题到位。

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P213SECONDARY STORAGEIntroductionSecondary storage devices are used to save, to back up, and even to transport file s consisting of data or programs from one location or computer to another. Not long ago, almost all files contained only numbers and letters. The demands for saving these file s were easily met with low-capacity floppy disk drives and hard-disk drives.Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. These new types of files require secondary storage devices that have much greater capacity.Secondary storage devices have always been an indispensable element in any computer system. They have similarities to output and input devices. Like output de vices, secondary storage devices receive information from the system unit in the form of the machine language ofOs and Is. Rather than translating the information, however, secondary storage devices save the information in machine language for later use. Like input devices, secondary storage devices send information to the system unit for processing. However, the information, since it is already in machine form, does not need to be translated. It is sent directly to memory (RAM), where it can be accessed and proce ssed by the CPU.Competent end users need to be aware of the different types of secondary storage. They need to know the capabilities, limitations, and uses of floppy disks, hard disks, optical discs, and other types of secondary storage. Additionally, they need to be aware of specialty storage devices for portable computers and to be knowledgeable about how large organizations manage their extensive data resources.辅助存储设备被用来保存,备份,甚至把数据或程序从一个位置或计算机传送到另一个地方。

前不久,几乎所有的文件只包含数字和字母。

保存这些文件的要求很容易满足,只需要低容量的软盘驱动器和硬盘驱动器。

来自于文字和数字文件不断扩大的数据存储,包括数字音乐文件,照相文件,视频文件,以及更多其他。

这些新类型的文件需要有更大容量的辅助存储设备。

不断扩大,从文字和数字文件的数据存储,包括数字音乐文件,照相文件,视频文件,以及更。

这些新类型的文件需要有更大容量的二级存储设备。

辅助存储设备一直师在任何计算机系统中不可缺少的元素。

他们和输出和输入设备有相似之处。

像输出设备一样,辅助存储设备从系统单元接收的信息是0和1的机器语言的形式。

然而,辅助存储设备上用机器语言保存信息是为了供以后使用,而不是转换信息。

像输入设备一样,辅助存储设备将信息发送到系统的单元进行处理。

然而,这些信息,因为它们已经是机器的形式,并不需要转换。

它们直接发送到存储器(RAM),在那里它们可以被CPU直接访问和处理。

有能力的最终用户需要认识到不同类型的辅助存储器。

他们需要知道的软盘,硬盘,光盘,和其他类型的辅助存储器的能力,限制,并使用。

此外,他们还需要了解便携式计算机的专业存储设备和大型组织如何管理其广泛的数据资源的知识。

P214STORAGEAn essential feature of every computer is theability to save, or store, information. Asdiscussed in Chapter 6, random-accessmemory (RAM) holds or stores data andprograms that the CPU is presently processing.Before data can be processed or a program canbe run, it must be in RAM. For this reason, RAMis sometimes referred to as pri mary storage.Unfortunately, most RAM provides onlytemporary or volatile storage. That is, it losesall of its contents as soon as the computer isturned off. Its contents also are lost if there is apower failure that disrupts the electric currentgoing into the system unit. This volatilityresults in a need for more permanent ornonvolatile storage for data and programs. W ealso need external storage because users needexternal more storage capacity than is typicallyavailable in a computers primary of RAMmemory.每一台计算机的一个重要功能是保存或储存信息的能力。

像在第6章讨论的,随机存取存储器(RAM)持有或存储CPU现在处理的数据和程序。

在数据可以被处理或程序可以运行之前,它们必须在RAM中。

出于这个原因,RAM有时也被称为主存储器。

不幸的是,大多数RAM仅提供临时或非易失性存储。

也就是说,一旦关闭计算机后它就失去它的所有内容。

如果有电源故障中断系统单元的供电,其内容也丢失。

这种波动的结果需要更多的永久或非易失性存储数据和程序。

我们还需要外部存储---因为用户需要比通常计算机需要的RAM内存更多的外部存储容量。

Secondary storage provides permanent or nonvolatile storage. Using secondary storage devi ces such as a floppy disk drive, data and programs can be retained after the computer has been shut off. This is ac complished by writing files to and reading files from secondary storage devices. W riting is the process of saving information to the secondary storage device. Reading is the process of accessing information from secondary storage. This chapter focuses on secondary storage de vices.Some important characteristics of secondary storage includeMedia are the actual physical material that holds the data and programs. (See Figure 8-1.) Capacity measures how much a particular storage medium can hold.Storage devi ces are hardware that reads data and programs from storage media. Most also write to storage media.Access speed measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs.Most desktop microcomputer systems have floppy, hard, and optical disk drives.辅助存储提供永久或非易失性存储。

使用辅助存储设备如软盘驱动器,数据和程序可以在电脑关闭后被保存。

这是通过从辅助存储设备写入文件和读取文件。

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