高级英语第七课The+Libido+for+The+Ugly
高级英语 嗜丑之欲 The Libido for the Ugly
2.Bombastic style and acid tongue
Use figures of speech: --hyperbole --metaphor --simile -- over-rhetorical --sarcasm --ridicule and irony
3.Excessive use of strong language, words bordering upon the abusive
A peculiar writing skill; outline an image of pathological eccentricity(病态怪癖)， very thought-provoking.
e of images of diseases: leprosy, eczemas, uremia to create the impression of US. being very sick
eczematous (湿疹一样的) uremic (尿毒症的) malarious (疟疾的)
1.(originating from Latin) the sexual urge or instinct. 2.(psychoanalysis) emotional energy; a psychoanalytic term describing psychic energy generally; or specifically basic form of psychic energy, comprising the positive, loving instincts manifested variously at different stages of personality development. 力比多（心理学），精神能量的一种基本形式，包 括积极的爱的本能，并在性格发展的不同阶段中表 现出来。
[中学]TheLibidofortheUgly词汇注解
![[中学]TheLibidofortheUgly词汇注解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/f1097d36f56527d3240c844769eae009591ba278.png)
[中学]The Libido for the Ugly词汇注解Libido (n.): psychic energy generally;specifically，a basic form of psychic energy，comprising thepositive。
loving instincts manifested variously at different stages of personality development欲望 lucrative (adj.) : producing wealth or profit;profitable;remunerative有利可图的;赚钱的 hideous (adj.) : horrible to see, hear, etc.; very ugly or revolting; dreadful骇人听闻的;非常丑陋的;可怕的forlorn (adj.) : in pitiful condition;wretched;miserable可怜的;悲惨的;不幸的 macabre (adj.) : gruesome;grim and horrible;ghastly可怕的;令人毛骨悚然的;恐怖的 computation (n.) : the act of computing;calculation 计算abominable (adj.) : nasty and disgusting;vile;loathsome讨厌的，可恶的alley (n.) : a narrow street or walk;specifically，a lane behind a row of buildings or between tworows of buildings that face on adjacent streets胡同;小巷;小街filth (n.) : disgustingly offensive dirt，garbage，etc(污秽，污物;垃圾allude (v.) : refer in a casual or indirect way(随便或间接)提到，涉及;暗指 monstrousness (n.) : strange shape奇形怪状lacerate (v.) : tear jaggedly;mangle(something soft，as flesh);wound or hurt(one’s feelings，etc()deeply;distress撕裂;割碎(肉等软组织);伤害(感情等);使…伤心 pretentious (adj.) : making claims，explicit or implicit，to some distinction，importance，dignity，or excellence自负的;自命不凡的;自大的linger (v.) : continue to stay，esp(through reluctance to leave逗留(尤指不愿离开) downright (adv.) : thoroughly;utterly;really彻底地，完全地;真正地dormer (n.) : a window set upright in a sloping roof屋顶窗leprous (adj.) : of or like leprosy;having leprosy麻风的;似麻风的;患麻风病的 rat-trap (n.) : a trap for catching rats捕鼠夹(子) misshapen (adj.) : badly shaped;deformed奇形怪状的;畸形的uncomely (adj.) : having unpleasant appearance不美观的，不好看的grime (n.) : dirt，esp(sooty dirt，rubbed into or covering a surface，as of the skin(尤指经摩擦而深入或覆盖皮肤等表面的)积垢;污秽gully (n.) : a channel or hollow worn by running water; small，narrow ravine沟壑，狭沟，冲沟 chalet (n.) : a type of Swiss house，built of wood with balconies and overhanging eaves(瑞士的木造)农舍，山上小舍high-pitched (adj.) : steep in slope said of roofs)(屋顶)坡度陡的dingy (adj.) : dirty-colored;not bright or clean;grimy不干净的;不明亮的;弄脏的 clapboard (n.) : a thin，narrow board with one edge thicker than the other，used as siding护墙板，隔板preposterous (adj.) : so contrary to nature，reason， or common sense as to be laughable;absurd;ridiculous反常的;乖戾的;十分荒谬的;愚蠢的pier (n.) : a heavy column，usually square. used to support weight，as at the end of an arch角柱;支柱cemetery (n.) : a place for the burial of the dead;graveyard公墓，墓地;坟场 swinish (adj.) : of or like a swine;beastly;piggish;coarse，etc(猪(似)的;鄙贱的;粗俗的 perpendicular (adj.) : exactlyupright;vertical. straight up or down垂直的;矗立的 precarious (adj.) : uncertain;insecure;risky不稳定的;不安全的;危险的 eczematous (adj.) : of itching skin disease湿疹的patina (n.) : a fine crust or film on bronze or copper(usually green or greenish—blue，formed by natural oxidation and often valued as being ornamental(青铜器上的)绿锈uremia (n.) : a toxic condition caused by the presence in the blood of waste products normallyeliminated in the urine and resulting from a failure of the kidneys to secrete urine尿毒症 loathsome (adj.) : causingloathing;disgusting;abhorrent;detestable讨厌的;厌恶的;令人作呕的laborious (adj.) : involving much hardwork;difficult.;industrious;hard—working费力的;困难的;勤劳的;辛苦的incessant (adj.) : never ceasing;continuing or being repeatedwithout stopping or in a way thatseems endless:constant不停的，连续的;不间断的decompose (v.) : break up or separate into basic components or parts;rot分解;(使)腐烂，(使)腐败forsake (v.) : give up;renounce(a habit，idea，etc();leave;abandon抛弃，放弃(思想、习惯等);遗弃;背弃malarias (adj.) : of fever conveyed by mosquitoes疟疾的;空气污浊的hamlet (n.) : a very small village小村庄incomparable (adj.) : no beyond comparison;unequalled;matchless无与伦比的，举世无双的;无敌的，无比的titanic (adj.) : of great size，strength，or power巨大的;力大无比的;有极大权力的 aberrant (adj.) : turning away from what is right，true，etc(:deviating from what is normal ortypical与正确或真实情况相背的;偏离常规的;反常的uncompromising (adj.) : not compromising oryielding;firm;inflexible;determined不妥协的;坚定的;不让步的;坚决的inimical (adj.) : 1ike anenemy;hostile;unfriendly;adverse;unfavorable敌人似的;敌对的;不友好的;相反的;不利的ingenuity (n.) : cleverness，originality，skill，etc(机智;创造力，独创性;熟练 grotesquery (n.) : the quality or state of being grotesque奇形怪状;怪诞retrospect (n.) : a looking back on or thinking about thingspast;contemplation or survey of thepast回顾，回想;追溯diabolical (adj.) : of the devil or devils;fiendish恶魔的;残忍的，凶暴的concoct (v.) : devise，invent，or plan计划，策划;虚构，编造insensate (adj.) : not feeling，or not capable of feeling，sensation 无感觉的，无知觉的 brute (n.) : an animal;a person who is brutal or very stupid，gross，sensual，etc(畜生;笨蛋，粗野的人abomination (adj.) : great hatred，and disgust;anything hateful and disgusting憎恨，厌恶;令人讨厌的东西putrid (adj.) : decomposing;rotten and foul—smelling腐烂的，腐败的deface (v.) : spoil the appearance of;disfigure;mar损坏…的外表;丑化inadvertence (n.) : the quality of beinginadvertent;oversight;mistake掉以轻心，粗心大意;疏漏;错误obscene (adj.) : offensive to one’s feelings，or to prevailing notions，of modesty of decency;lewd;disgusting猥亵的;诲淫的;可憎的unfathomable (adj.) : which cannot be understood;which cannot be reached不可理解的;深不可测的enigmatical (adj.) : of or like an enigma;perplexing;baffling谜一般的，谜似的;不可思议的，费解的dogmatic (adj.) : of or like dogma;doctrinal教条(主义)的;教义的edifice (n.) : a building，esp(a large，imposing one建筑物;尤指大型建筑物，大厦 depravity (n.) : a depraved condition;corruption;wickedness 堕落，腐化，腐败 penthouse (n.) : a small structure，esp(one with a sloping roof，attached to a larger building小棚屋，(尤指靠在大楼边上搭的)披屋lust (n.) : a desire to gratify the senses;bodily appetite欲望;贪欲etiology (n.) : the assignment of a cause，or the cause assignment本源，原因(的说明) pathological (adj.) : of pathology;of or concerned with diseases病理学的;病理上的border upon : to be like;almost be相近，类似例: His emotion is bordering upon hysteria(他的情绪接近歇斯底里。
The-Libido-for-the-Ugly-讲义PPT课件
H. L. Menken’s Great Concerns
• He hated narrowed-minded religions and strongly supported intellectual freedom. He fought with every effort to maintain the independence of literature. He felt the greatest threat of literature was the country’s prevailing religion “fundamentalism”, the opinions of which were based on the literary interpretation of the Bible.
8
Mencken’s Writing Style
• “I opened A Book of Prejudices and began to read. I was jarred and shocked by the style, the clear, clean, sweeping sentences. Why did he write like that? And how did one write like that? I pictured the man as a raging demon, slashing with his pen. I read on and what amazed me was not what he said, but how on earth anybody had the courage to say it…I identified myself with that book.” -----Richard Wright 9
The Libido for the Ugly 课件讲义
reality essentially by specific and concrete words that
appeal to the reader’s sense of sight, smell, sound, taste and touch.
What is the order of organization for a description?
exert “democracy” wisely.
Mencken’s Writing Style
• “I opened A Book of Prejudices and began to read. I
was jarred and shocked by the style, the clear, clean,
7
The Libido for the Ugly
(爱丑之欲)
Henry Louis Mencken
Outline of Class Teaching
• An introduction to Henry Louis Mencken His early life and career His writing style
James Lowell (詹姆斯· 洛威尔)
Edgar Allan Poe (埃德加· 爱伦· 坡)
Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
• Born in Baltimore
• Privately educated there
• Graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute
What is a description?
• Description conveys the sensations, emotions and impressions that affect a writer experiencing a person,
高英2 期末考试英语翻译文章
翻译Lesson 7 The Libido for the UglyParagraph 1On a winter day some years ago, coming out of Pittsburgh on one of the expresses of the Pennsylvania Railroad, I rolled eastward for an hour through the coal and steel towns of Westmoreland country.It was familiar ground; boy and man, I had been through it often before. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.Here was the very heart of industrial Ameria, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth---and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination---and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.Paragraph 2I am not speaking of mere filth. One expects steel towns to be dirty. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight.From East Liberty to Greensburg, a distance of 25 miles, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye.Some were so bad, and they were among the most pretentious --churches, stores, warehouses, and the like--that they were downright startling; one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette, set like a dormer window on the side of a bare leprous hill; the headquarters of the Veterans of Foreign Wars at another forlorn town, a steel stadium like a huge rat--trap somewhere further down the line.But most of all I recall the general effect--of hideousness without a break. There was not a single decent house within eyerange from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg yards.There was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby.Lesson 6 Disappearing through the SkylightParagraph 13The playfulness of the modern aesthetic is, finally, its most striking---and also its most serious and, by corollary, its most disturbing ---feature.The playfulness imitates the playfulness of science that produces game theory and virtual particles and black holes and that, by introducing human growth genes into cows, forces students of ethics to reexamine the definition of cannibalism.The importance of play in the modern aesthetic should not come as a surprise. It is announced in every city in the developed world by the fantastic and playful buildings of postmodernism and neomodernism and by the fantastic juxtapositions of architectural styles that typify collage city and urban adhocism. Paragraph 14Today modern culture includes the geometries of the International Style, the fantasies of facadism, and the gamesmanship of theme parks and museum villages.It pretends at times to be static but it is really dynamic. Its buildings move and sway and reflect dreamy visions of everything that is going on around them.It surrounds its citizens with the linear sculpture of pipelines and interstate highways and high--tension lines and the delicate virtuosities of the surfaces of the Chrysler Airflow and the Boeing 747 and the lacy weavings of circuits etched on silicon, as well as with the brutal assertiveness of oil tanker and bulldozers and the Tinkertoy complications of trusses and geodesic domes and lunar landers.It abounds in images and sounds and values utterly different from those of the world of natural things seen from a middle distance.Lesson 5 Love Is a FallacyParagrath 145-154I dashed perspiration from my brow. “Polly,” I croaked, “you mustn’t take all these things so literally. I mean this is just classroom stuff. You know that the things you learn in school don’t have anything to do with life.”“Dicto Simpliciter, ” she said, wagging her finer at me playfully.That did it. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. “Will you or will you not go steady with me?”“I will not,” she replied.“Why not?” I demanded.“Because this afternoon I promised Petey that I would go steady with him.”I reeled back, overcome with the infamy of it. After he promised, after he made a deal, after he shook my hand! “The rat!” I shrieked, kicking up great chunks of turf. “You can’t go with him, Polly. He is a liar. He is a cheat. He is a rat.”“ Poisoning the well,” said Polly, “and stopping shouting. I think shouting must be a fallacy too.”With an immense efforts of will, I modulated my voice. “All right,” I said. “You are a logician. Let us look at this thing logically. How could you choose Petey over me? Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey---a knothead, a jitterbug, a guy who will never know where his next meal is coming from. Can you give me one logical reason why you should go stead with him?”“I certainly can,” declared Polly, “He’s got a raccoon coat.”Lesson 4 Inaugural AddressParagraph 23Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in the historic effort?Paragraph 24In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility; I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.Paragraph 25And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.Paragraph 26My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.Lessen 3 Pub Talk and the King’s EnglishParagraph 9Someone took one of the best-known of examples, which is still always worth the reconsidering. When we talk of meat on our tables we use French words; when we speak of the animals from which the meat comes we use Anglo-Saxon words. It is a pig in its sty; it is pork (porc) on the table. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). Chickens become poultry (poulet), and a calf becomes veal (veau). Even if our menus were not written in French out of snobbery, the English we used in them would still be Norman English. What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman conquest.Paragraph 10The Saxon peasants who tilled the land and reared the animals could not afford the meat, which went to Norman tables. The peasants were allowed to eat the rabbits that scampered over their fields and, since that meat was cheap, the Norman lords of course turned up their up noses at it. So rabbit is still rabbit on our tables, and not changed into some rendering of lapin.Paragraph 11As we listen today to the arguments about bilingual education, we ought to think ourselves back intothe shoes of the Saxon peasant. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. There must have been a great deal oaf cultural humiliation felt by the English when they revolted under Saxon leaders like Hereward the Wake. “The King’s English”--if the term had existed then--had become French. And here in America now, 900 years later, we are still the heirs to it.Lessen 2 MarrakechParagraph20But what is strange about these people is their invisibility. For several weeks, always at about the same time of day, the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood, and though they had registered themselves on my eyeballs I cannot truly say that I had seen them. Firewood was passing--that was how I saw it. It was only that one day I happened to be walking behind them, and the curious up-and-down motion of a load of wood drew my attention to the human being beneath it. Then for the first time I noticed the poor old earth--coloured bodies, bodies reduced to bones and leathery skin, bent double under the crushing weight. Yet I suppose I had not been five minutes on Moroccan soil before I noticed the overloading of the donkeys and was infuriated by it. There is no question that the donkeys are damnably treated. The Moroccan donkey is hardly bigger than a St.Bernard dog, it carries a load which in the British Army would be considered too much for a 15-hands mule, and very often its packsaddle is not taken off its back for weeks together. But what is peculiarly pitiful is that it is the most willing creature on earth, it follows its master like a dog and does not need either bridle or halter. After a dozen years of devoted work it suddenly drops dead, whereupon its master tips it into the ditch and the village dogs have torn its guts out before it is cold.Paragraph 21This kind of thing makes one’s blood boil, whereas--on the whole--the plight of the human beings does not. I am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. Anyone can be sorry for the donkey with its galled back, but it is generally owing to some kind of accident if one even notices the old woman under her load of sticks.Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane CamilleParagraph 21Seconds after the roof blew off the Koshak house, John yelled, “Up the stairs--into our bedroom! Count the kids.”The children huddled in the slashing rain within the circle of adults. Grandmother Koshak implored, “Children, let’s sing!”The children were too frightened to respond. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.Paragraph 22Debris flew as the living-room fireplace and its chimney collapsed. With two walls in their bedroom sanctuary beginning to disintegrate, John ordered, “Into the television room!” This was the room farthest from the direction of the storm.Paragraph 23For an instant, John put his arm around his wife, Janis understood. Shivering from the wind and rain and fear, clutching 2 children to her, she thought. Dear Lord, give me the strength to endure what I have to. She felt anger against the hurricane. We won’t let it win.Paragraph 24Pop Koshak raged silently, frustrated at not being able to do anything to fight Camaille. Without reason, he dragged a cedar chest and a double mattress from a bedroom into the TV room. At that moment, the wind tore out one wall and extinguished the lantern. A second wall moved, waved, Charlie Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him, injuring his back. The house, shuddering and rocking, had moved 25 feet from its foundations. The world seemed to be breaking apart.Paragraph 25“let’s get that mattress up!” John shouted to his father. “Make it a lean-to against the wind. Get the kids under it. We can prop it up with our heads and shoulders!”Paragraph 26The larger children sprawled on the floor, with the smaller ones in a layer on top of them, and the adults bent over all nine. The floor tilted. The box containing the litter of kittens slid off a shelf and vanished in the wind. Spooky flew off the top of a sliding bookcase and also disappeared. The dog cowered with eyes closed. A third wall gave way. Water lapped across the slanting floor. John grabbed a door which was still hinged to one closet wall. “If the floor goes,” he yelled at his father, “ Let’s go the kids on this.”Paragraph 27In that moment, the wind slightly diminished, and the water stopped rising. Then the water began receding. The main thrust of Camille had passed. The Koshaks and their friends had survived.。
the libido for the ugly 全文讲义
Pennsylvania State Profile
State Unique Name The Keystone State
Capital City
Harrisburg
Location
40.27605 N, 076.88450 W
Bird
Ruffed Grouse
Border States
Delaware - Maryland - New Jersey - New York -
Unit Seven
Libido for the
Ugly
-- Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
Henry Louis Mencken (1880–1956)
• an American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a student of American English. Known as the "Sage of Baltimore", he is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the 20th century
7The Libido for the Ugly(张汉熙高级英语 2)
dormer-window a bare leprous hill
a hillside was bare and looked as repulsive as the skin of a leper
pent house
Lesson Seven
The Libido for the Ugly
Pre-Text Questions
What do you know about the author? What kind of writing is this one? Why does Mencken uses such a pathological term like libido?
What literary device is used in this sentence?
sarcasm The color and design were so bad that one couldn’t find any which was worse.
It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,…the making of them.
the U. S., the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth, both boasts about and feels proud of this center of industrial activity
it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a … joke
高级英语第7课 The Libido for the Ugly[精]
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His Style
He employed a huge vocabulary and liked to insert unusual or unexpected words, for surprise or comic effect, into otherwise normal sentences. Although his style is occasionally difficult to read, Mencken is still considered one of the best and liveliest essayists of this century.
"The American Language"
a) It examined the development of the English language in America,
b) It contrasted English and American expressions and usage.
*/gibbonsb/mencken/*
Description
Description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object and scene.
Description
It conveys the sensations, emotions and impressions that affect a writer experiencing a person, place, object or idea. The writer describes what he sees, hears, smells, feels or tastes, and it often includes his emotional reactions to the physical sensation of the experience.
The-libido-for-the-ugly-课文翻译
爱丑之欲几年前的一个冬日，我乘坐宾夕法尼亚铁路公司的一班快车离开匹兹堡，向东行驶一小时，穿越了威斯特摩兰县的煤城和钢都。
这是我熟悉的地方，无论是童年时期还是成年时期，我常常经过这一带。
但以前我从来没有感到这地方荒凉得这么可怕。
这儿正是工业化美国的心脏，是其最赚钱、最典型活动的中心，世界上最富裕、最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲——然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕，凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受，以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的、令人沮丧的笑料。
这儿的财富多得无法计算，简直都无法想象——也是在这儿，人们的居住条件又是如此之糟，连那些流浪街头的野猫也为之害羞。
我说的不仅仅是脏。
钢铁城镇的脏是人们意料之中的事。
我指的是所看到的房子没有一幢不是丑陋得令人难受，畸形古怪得让人作呕的。
从东自由镇到格林斯堡，在这全长25英里的路上，从火车上看去，没有一幢房子不让人看了感到眼睛不舒服和难受。
有的房子糟得吓人，而这些房子竞还是一些最重要的建筑——教堂、商店、仓库等等。
人们惊愕地看着这些房子，就像是看见一个脸给子弹崩掉的人一样。
有的留在记忆里，甚至回忆起来也是可怕的：珍尼特西面的一所样子稀奇古怪的小教堂，就像一扇老虎窗贴在一面光秃秃的、似有麻风散鳞的山坡上；参加过国外战争的退伍军人总部，设在珍尼特过去不远的另一个凄凉的小镇上。
沿铁路线向东不远处的一座钢架，就像一个巨大的捕鼠器。
但我回忆里出现的三要还是一个总的印象——连绵不断的丑陋。
从匹兹堡到格林斯堡火车调车场，放眼望去，没有一幢像样的房子。
没有一幢不是歪歪扭扭的，没有一幢不是破破烂烂的。
尽管到处是林立的工厂，遍地弥漫着烟尘，这一地区的自然霉仟并不差。
就地形而论，这儿是一条狭窄的河谷，其中流淌着一道道发源自山间的深溪。
这儿的人口虽然稠密，但并无过分拥挤的迹象，即使在一些较大的城镇中，建筑方面也还大有发展的余地。
这儿很少见到有高密度排列的建筑楼群，几乎每一幢房屋，无论大小，其四周都还有剩余的空地。
LESSON 7：The Libido for the Ugly 补充练习题
D. a large basket
31. perpendicular
A. vertical
B. straight
C. upright
D. all the above
B. powerful
C. timid
D. panic
23. aberrant
A. incorrect
B. obstinate
C. unusual
D. normal
C. control
D. hurt
18. forlorn
A. movable
B. liberal
C. deserted
D. divided
19. streak
D. analysis of the past
27. pathology
A. the study of religion
B. the study of philosophy
C. the study of disease
C. picturesque
D. charming
26. retrospect
A. thought about the future
B. contemplation of the past
C. examination of the present
24. inimical
A. favourable
B. intimate
C. comical
D. hostile
25. grotesque
A. strange
B. graphic
The Libido for the Ugly 讲义(课堂PPT)
2
Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
• The 1st American to be widely read as a critic (批评家)
James Lowell (詹姆斯·洛威尔)
Edgar Allan Poe (埃德加·爱伦·坡 )
Mencken’s Writing Style
• Rip-roaring, witty, humorous, ironical, combative, with unrestrained hyperbole, extravagant accentuation, fond of pairing adjectives, playful, comical.
• Mencken’s writing is endearing because of its wit, its crisp style, and the obvious delight he takes in it.
10
Mencken’s Writing Style
• No other entertainment gave him greater pleasure than reporting from the conventions; nor did anyone appreciate his efforts more than Mencken himself. One reporter, peering through Mencken's window late at night after one rally, recalled watching him at work alone in his hotel room, pounding out copy on a typewriter propped on a desk. He would type a few sentences, read them, slap his thigh, toss his head back, and roar with laughter. Then he would type some more lines, guffaw, and so on until the end of the article.
高级英语第七课
The libido for theuglyHenry L. MenckenHenry Louis Mencken1880-1956⏹an American journanist,essaysit, magazine editor,satirist.⏹Known as the "Sage（智者）of Baltimore,“. he is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylist of the first half of the Twentieth century.⏹Best known by the book The American language. 这本书对照美式英文与英式英文，解释许多富有趣味的美国俚语表达方式之起源，检视美国特殊的地理名称及个人名字，并来语言对美国方言所造成的影响。
The style of the text:•这篇文章带有较强的主观印象主义风格，或主观情绪色彩。
记叙文，通过自己看到的，听到的，嗅到的，感觉到的或者尝到的秒速出来，带有极强的主观情绪。
把丑陋作为主导印象鲜明的表现出来。
OrganizationalpatternPart I (Para 1-5) Description of the ugliness : coverage, design, color; conclusion-championshipIn uglinessPart II (Para 6-9) Analysis of the source of the ugliness—the libido for the uglinessSection I (Para 1-2):general impression of Westmoreland; rich but ugly Section II (Para 3-5): Description of the design and color of the housesSection I (Para 6-8): analysis The reason and cause why the people in Westmoreland love such ugly houses Section II (Para 9):conclusion Menken is being very critical of the American race and society which hates beauty as it hates truthMain idea of each paragraphPara 1---The writer contrasts the great wealth of this region with the abominable human habitations seen everywhere.Para 2 ---The writer describes the coverage of the ugliness in the county.Para 3 ---The writer describes the ugliness of the house designPara 4 ---The writer describes the ugliness of the color of the bricksPara 5 ---The writer evaluates the ugliness of this region as the top one in the world.Para 6 ---The writer tries to trace the source of the ugliness from the foreignersPara 7 ---The writer speculates on a solution for the puzzle: libido for the uglyPara 8 ---The writer shows evidence to prove himself rightPara 9 ---The writer finally gives an answer.para 7—para91.There seems to be a positive libido for the ugly,as on otherand less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.美国某些阶层的人们当中似乎的的确确存在着一种爱丑之欲，如同在另一些不那么虔信基督教的阶层当中存在着一种爱美之心一样。
The libido of the ugly
Henry L.MenckenPennsylvania:located inthe Northeatern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S,and the Great Lakes region,the Appalachian Mountains run through the middle of thestate,Pennsylvania University is one of the Ivy League SchoolSentence 1: On a Winter day some years ago, coming out of Pittsburgh on one of the expresses of the PennsylvaniaRailroad, I rolled eastward for an hour through the coal and steel towns of Westmoreland county.Westmoreland county:a county in southwest Pennsylvania,it is a mining andmanufacturing region.roll: travelPittsburgh: a city in Southwest Pennsylvania and second largest city of it,it is one of the most important industrial cities of America,and a center of rail and river transportation. Termedd the'Steel City' or 'Smoky City', 'the city of bridge'.It is the center of rich bituminous-coal region, producing also natural gas,oil and milestone,a large part of American steel and iron is produced hereSentence 2: It was familiar ground; boy and man, I had been through it often before.as a boybecame an adultParaphrase:As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man I had often traveled through the regionSentence 3: But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.appalling: shocking; extremely baddesolation: the state of a place that is ruined or destroyed and offers no joy or hope to peopleSentence 4: Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth--and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous , so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke .lucrative: producing a large amount of many; making a large profitboast: to have sth that is impressive and that you can be proud ofdreadfully: extremely; very muchbleak: exposed,empty,or with nopleasantmacabre:unpleasant and strange becausemetaphor:comparing this important center of industrial America to the heart of a human bodyhyperbole:exaggerating the richness and grandeur of this region and of America as a whole --the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earthantithetical contrast :the richest and grandest region & hideous.bleak,forlorn scene•Paraphrase:the scene of this place was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that itwas unbearable,this dreadful scene makes all human’s aspiration become a joke.Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination--and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.computation: calculationabominable: appalling,disgusting;extremely unpleasant or of very bad qualityally cats: cats live in the street without homehyperbole: wealth was beyond computation and imagination;and habitations so abominable that even homeless cats would have felt ashamed to live in them.antithetical contrast : great wealth & human habitation Paraphrase:the environment of this region was so terrible that even homeless cats would not live in here.Paragraph 2Sentence 1: I am not speaking of mere filth.What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revoltingmonstrousness, of every house in sight.•filth: disgustingly offensive dirt，garbage，etc．•allude : refer in a casual or indirect way•revolting: disgusting•unbroken ugliness: ugliness is continuous and uninterrupted •agonizing ugliness: ugliness that caused great pain to people who saw it•monstrousness: strange shapeSentence 2: From East Liberty to Greensburg, a distance of twenty-five miles, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye.lacerate: to cut skin or fresh with sth sharp.East Liberty: East liberty is a culturally diverse neighborhood in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania’s East endGreensburg: Greensburg is a city in Westmorelandcounty,Pennsylvania’s and part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area.Sentence 3: Some were so bad, and they were among the most pretentious--churches, stores, warehouses, and the like--that they were down-right startling;one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.pretentious : making claim to or creating an appearance of importance or distinction.down-right: complete and without restrictionstartling: so remarkably different or sudden as to cause momentary shock or alarm.simileSentence 4: A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette, set like a dormer-window on the side ofa bare leprous hill; the headquarters of the Veterans of Foreign Warsat another forlorn town, a steel stadium like a huge rat-trapsomewhere further down the line. But most of all I recall the general effect--of hideousness without a break.leprous :like leprosy麻风病, having ulcers (溃疡) and white scaly(鳞状的) scabs(疥疮)linger: remain present although waning or gradually dying; forlorn: marked by or showing hopelessness;simileSentence 5: There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg yards. There was not one that was not misshapen,and there was no one that was not shabby.Misshapen(adj): not the normal or natural shape•The repetition of the same structural pattern and the use of double negatives help to emphasize the two words“misshapen”and “shabby”.Paragraph 3Sentence 1:The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of theendless mills. It is, in form, a narrow river valley, with deep gullies running up into the hills.uncomely: improper, uglygrime: soot or dirt, dustSentence 2: It is thickly settled, but not noticeably overcrowded. There is still plenty of room for building, even in the larger towns, and there are very few solid blocks.overcrowded: some places are excessively filled by people, buildings or thingssolid blocks: refers to a group of buildings which settled together extremely tightSentence 3:Nearly every house, big and little, has space on all four sides. Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides-a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.chalet: a kind of small suburbanhousehigh-pitched roof: the roof with abig angle of slopeHere is kind of irony that these architects don’t deserve profession in the region. Because they couldn’t realize the perfect design of the country and built it with chalet clinging the mountains.Sentence 4:But what have they done? They have taken as their model a brick set on end. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.a brick set on end: meansdingy: dirty-looking, drab, dull-coloredclapboard: a covering to protest the wallSentence 5:And the whole they have set upon thin, preposterous brick piers. By the hundreds and thousands these abominable houses over the bare hillsides, like gravestones in some gigantic and decaying cemetery. preposterous: completely unreasonable in manner orappearanceabominable: detestable, very bad or unpleasantcemetery: a burial groundSimileSentence 6 :On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stores high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud.swinishly: extremely unpleasant or difficult to deal withSentence 7:Not a fifth of them are perpendicular. They lean this way and that, hanging on to their bases precariously. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.perpendicular: at right angle to the plane of the ground precariously: not firm or steadyone and all: all of them, completestreak: n.&v. mark with long, thin lineeczematous 湿疹的peep: emerge or come slowly into viewParagraph 4:When it is new it is the color of a fried egg.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope orcaring.patina:a fine coating of oxide on the surface of a metalfried egg: eggs cooked by sauteing in oil or butter; sometimes turned and cooked on both sidesBut in Westmoreland they prefer that uremic yellow, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye.uremic:of or involving excess nitrogenous waste products in the urine (usually due to kidney insufficiency)loathsome :highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgustParagraph 5Sentence 1: I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.championship: use this word ironically to describe not the best but the worst.laborious:industrious; hardworkingprayer: asking God to help him come to a correct decision.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the U. S. but also in other countries and after constantly praying God for guidance.Sentence 2:I have seen, I believe, all of the most unlovely towns of the world; they are all to be found in the United States.This sentence use the rhetorical device is the hyperbole Hyperbole is used to strengthen the power of what the author said, so it usually pay attention to express the subjective emotion while pay no attention to tell the objective facts. So it can also express the ridicule.These places are all to be found in the United States.Sentence 4: But nowhere on this earth, at home or abroad, have I seen anything to compare to the villages that huddle along the line of the Pennsylvania from the Pittsburgh yards to Greensburg. They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design.In the author’s eyes, the houses along the Pennsylvania are so terrible that people can’t found worse in everywhere else.Sentence 5:They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design. incomparable:beyond comparison; unequaled; matchless.This word has the connotative meaning of superb excellence but Mencken uses it ironically to mean that the color and design were so bad that you couldn’t find any which was worse.Paraphrase:People can’t find such terrible color and design in any otherSentence 6:It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all theingenuity of Hell to the making of them.titanic ：of great strength, size or poweraberrant: unusual and not normal, straying away from the right path; deviating from what is normalgenius: used ironically to mean an evil geniusuncompromising: firm, steadfast , rigidinimical：hostile and harmfulingenuity：inventive skill or imagination; clevernessHell: the powers of evil or darknessparaphrase:It is as if some genius of great power, who didn’t like to do the right things and who was an inflexible enemy of man, employed all the cleverness and skill of hell to build these ugly houses.hyperbole and ironySentence 7:They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical.grotesquerie: strangeness, ugliness怪诞，古怪in retrospect:thinking about a past event or situation, often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the time回想起来diabolical: dreadfulparaphrase:When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.Sentence 8:One cannot imagine mere human beings concocting such dreadful things ,and one can scarcely imagine human bings bearing life in them concoct：to make sth. by mixing or combining partsunconscious , concious,unconsciousParaphrase:One can not imagine that human being s alone could make such dreadful things :There must have been the power of the Devil of work. And one can scarcely imagine people living in these houses and bearing and bringing up children in them or tolerating life in themParagraph 6This paragraph is about to compare the ugly building among America ,the Europe and England. It this way to emphasize how ugly the American’s building was.Sentence 1: Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners --dull, insensate brutes, with no love of beauty in them?insensate: devoid of feeling and consciousnessbrute: a person who is brutal or very stupid，gross etcRhetorical sentence--Are the houses so frightfully ugly because the valley is inhabited by a lot of foreigners who are stupid and unfeeling like animals and who have no love of bearty inthem?characterized by beauty of movementsuggesting taste, ease, and wealthThis is sentence can shows that even the farmers in Spain who are almost focus on sowing wanted their house to be graceful and charming. It is a contrast, to satirize some people who pursue the ugliness in their life, though they are live in the big city..The peasants, however poor, somehow manage to makethemselves graceful and charming habitations, even in Spain.Sentence 5Sentence 6:But in the American village and small town the pull is always toward ugliness, and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion.pull:drawing force, appealyield: to give inSarcasmTo compare the village between America and England. We can draw the conclusion. America is uglier. But when compare to the Westmoreland valley, the author use the words”eagerness, passion ”can totally show the crazy of the people who lived there. So the Westmoreland is the ugliest.Sentence 7mere ：means onlyhorror:a feeling of great shock,fear,and worry caused by something extremely unpleasant.sarcasm and irony.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.In other word,this sentence can emphasize that Westmoreland is the ugliest spot.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror .Paragraph 71.On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be apositive libido for the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.positive: complete; definiteless Christian: pagans---a person who is not a believer in Christianity; heathen; agnosticAntithesis the libido of the uglythe libido of the beautifulLanguage points:Mencken mocks at the Christians and attacks their code of behavior. The Christians are supposed to have the qualities of love, kindness, humility, etc. but Mencken thinks they do not know what is beautiful. However it is pagans not Christians know what is beautiful.2.It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces theaverage American home of the lower middle class to mereinadvertence, or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers.put down: attribute...to; state that sth is caused by stheg: I put his bad temper down to his illness.deface: to spoil the surface or appearance of sth, especially by writing on it or breaking itinadvertence: carelessness; do sth unintentionally without thinking or realizing; paying no attention toobscene: nasty; dirty; wanton; indecentIt is impossible to attribute the wallpaper that makes the average American home of the lower middle class so ugly tomere oversight or to the indecent taste of the manufactures.3.Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuinedelight to a certain type of mind.ghastly: horrible•sarcasm•sense of humor4.They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.unintelligible: impossible to understand unfathomable: too difficult to understand obscure: vague; not clearly understood※These ugly desighs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of minds.5. The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as thetaste for dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A Guest. enigmatical: puzzling; mysterious※the love for ugliness of the people in Westmoreland is mysterious to many people, but common and natural from their point of view dogmatic: opinionatedtheology: the study of the of God; of God’s influence on people and religious beliefsDogmatic theology: the scientific exposition of the entire theoretical doctrine concerning God Himself and his external activity, based on the dogmas of the Church.Edgar Albert Guest•British-born US newspaper poet •immgrated to the US when hewas 10•worked for Detroit Free Press asa reporter•write about daily sentimental rhymes• A Heap O' Livin•optimistic verse on home, mother and the virtue of hardworkThe reason of the ugliness:the Amerian raceParagraph 8Sentence 1:Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them.•folk:people in general.•admire: to respect sb for what they have done,to look at sth and think that it is attractive or i mpressive.Sentence 3:Certainly there was no pressure upon the Veterans of Foreign Wars to choose the dreadful edifice that bears their banner, for there are plenty of vacant buildings along the trackside, and some of them are appreciably better. edifice : a building，esp.a large，imposing onebear: to be able to accept and deal with sth unpleasant.not be suitable for sth.Of course,there are lots of empty buildings along the railway,and some are much more good-looking.So we cannot understand why the Veterans of Foreign Wars chose the horrible building as their office site.Sentence 5: But they chose that clapboardedhorror with their eyes open, and 7havingchosen it, they let it mellow into its presentshocking depravity.With their eyes open: with full understanding of what is involvedMellow: to make full, rich, soft, gentle.Mencken uses this word ironically to mean, “to letdeteriorate, to let it go from bad to worse.”Depravity: the state of being morally corruptedSentence 6: They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.•Parthenon: A beautiful Doric temple built in honorof the virgin (Parthenon) goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athena around 5h century B.C.•Sarcastic tone here indicates their aesthetic sense have been twisted.Sentence 7: In precisely the same way the authors of the rat-trap stadium that I have mentioned made a deliberatechoice:Metaphor here, author implies the ugly style of the building is designed and erected by themdeliberately.。
the libido for the ugly 全文讲义
a
8
the title
• this is a piece of subjective, impressionistic or emotional description.
• libido: concept originated by Sigmund Freud to
signify the instinctual physiological or psychic energy associated with sexual urges and with all constructive human activity. In the text, it means psychic energy generally; specifically, a basic form of psychic energy, comprising the positive, loving instincts manifested variously at different stages of persoanality development. Drive, desire. 9
Population
1Байду номын сангаас20,19,661
Statehood
December 12, 1787
Tree
Hemlock
a
7
description
• description is painting a verbal picture of a person, a place, an object, a scene, etc. in order to enable his reader to perceive the reality of the original, the writer reproduces an image and invokes that reality essencially by specific and concrete words that appeal to the reader's sense of sight, smell, sound, taste and touch.
高英Lesson7(Book 2)The Libido for the Ugly
The most prominent newspaperman, book reviewer, and political commentator of his day, Henry Louis Mencken was a libertarian before the word came into usage. His prose is as clear as an azure sky, and his rhetoric as deadly as a rifle shot. No other entertainment gave him greater pleasure than reporting from the conventions; nor did anyone appreciate his efforts more than Mencken himself. One reporter, peering through Mencken's window late at night after one rally, recalled watching him at work alone in his hotel room, pounding out copy on a typewriter propped on a desk. He would type a few sentences, read them, slap his thigh, toss his head back, and roar with laughter. Then he would type some more lines, guffaw, and so on until the end of the article. Mencken's writing is endearing because of its wit, its crisp style, and the obvious delight he takes in it.
Unit7 The Libido for the Ugly
His life He was born and spent most of his life in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. He was the son of German immigrant parents. He completed high school but did not attend university, only graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute at 16. He became a reporter on the Baltimore Morning Herald.
Henry Louis Mencken
A few years later, he joined the staff of its rival newspaper, the Baltimore Sun or Evening Sun, first as a reporter, then as its drama critic and editor, a position which he held until 1941.
Henry Louis Mencken
He helped to found and edit two literary magazines which were highly influential among intellectuals. 1) The Smart Set 2) The American Mercury
Lesson Seven
The Libido for the Ugly
--- H.L. Mencken
Aims
1.
Hale Waihona Puke 2. 3.4.To help students to learn the writing technique of description, subjective description writing, and to understand the author’s real intention behind the description. To appreciate the language features To help students to compare the style with that of Unit Two “Marrakech”. To make students to learn all the expressions concerning ugliness.
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Chen Huanhong
– He helped to found and edit two literary magazines which were highly influential among intellectuals.
1)The Smart Set 2) The American Mercury
Chen Huanhong
• In caustic, witty essays, he derided (mocked) the institution which supported the middle class. He enjoyed controversy and tried to arouse his antagonists with his direct and devastating attacks.
Chen Huanhong
• A few years later, he joined the staff of its rival newspaper, the Baltimore Sun or Evening Sun, first as a reporter, then as its drama critic and editor, a position which he held until 1941.
Chen Huanhong
• 1) He hated narrow-minded religion. He believed strongly in intellectual freedom and fought all attempts to censor literature and drama. He felt that the greatest threat of censorship came from the country's religion "fundamentalists", whose opinions were all based on their interpretation of the Bible.
Chen Huanhong
Pennsylvania State Profile
State Unique Name Capital City Location Bird Border States
Economy Flower Largest City Land Area Population Statehood Tree
Chen Huanhong
Mencken's Creeds
• I believe in the capacity of man to conquer his world, and to find out what it is made of, and how it is run. • I - But the whole thing, after all, may be put very simply. I believe that it is better to tell the truth than to lie. I believe that it is better to be free than to be a slave. And I believe that it is better to know than be ignorant.
Chen Huanhong
• He was a central figure in American intellectual life during the 1920's. He launched the most cutting attacks of any writer against America's middle class culture. • He invented the word "booboisie", combining the two words "bourgeoisie" and "booby" (an awkward, foolish person).
Chen Huanhong
Mencken's Creeds
• I believe that religion, generally speaking, has been a curse to mankind - that its modest and greatly overestimated services on the ethical side have been more than overcome by the damage it has done to clear and honest thinking. • I believe that all government is evil, in that all government must necessarily make war upon
liberty...
Chen Huanhong
Mencken's Creeds
• I believe that the evidence for immortality is no better than the evidence of witches, and deserves no more respect. • I believe in the complete freedom of thought and speech... • I believe in the reality of progress.
The Libido for The Ugly
H.L. Mencken
Chen Huanhong
Teaching Objectives
To learn about Henry L. Mencken To learn about the writing technique of description To appreciate the writer’s bombastic style To appreciate the language features
Chen Huanhong
• 2) He hated commercialism. • 3) He did not support democracy because he considered the masses too ignorant and greedy to exercise it wisely.
Chen Huanhong
"The American Language"
a) It examined the development of the English language in America, b) It contrasted English and American expressions and usage. c) It explained the origin of many American idioms, d) It traced the influence of immigrant languages on American English. • He made a large contribution to the study of language and particularly encouraged scholarly study of the American branch of English.
Chen Huanhong
• He was a leading scholar in the field of language. His monumental book "The American Language" is considered an outstanding work of philology.
Chen Huanhong
His Style
• He employed a huge vocabulary and liked to insert unusual or unexpected words, for surprise or comic effect, into otherwise normal sentences. • Although his style is occasionally difficult to read, Mencken is still considered one of the best and liveliest essayists of this century.
The Keystone State Harrisburg 40.27605 N, 076.88450 W Ruffed Grouse Delaware - Maryland - New Jersey - New York Ohio - West Virginia Agriculture The Mountain Laurel Philadelphia 44,892 sq.mi. 1,20,19,661 December 12, 1787 Hemlock
and exaggeration. His extravagant use of the language was so amusing and startling that even his most violently critical essays became acceptable to his readers.
Chen Huanhong
His Style
– He is well-known for his bombastic style and acid tongue.
பைடு நூலகம்
Chen Huanhong
His Style