研究生法律英语模拟试卷

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法律英语试卷B卷

一、将下列英文单词和词语翻译成汉语(共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)。

1、legal system2、appellant3、bar examination4、burden of proof5、buy-sell agreement6、civil law7、common law8、complete grant of power9、contract law10、convey11、corporation law12、creating contract13、death penalty14、family court15、husband-wife relation二、将下列词和词语翻译成英语(共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)。

1、国际经济法2、投资证券3、法理学4、法律职业5、婚姻法6、谋杀7、过失杀人(罪)8、推翻9、合伙10、检察官11、证据规则12、制定法13、提请注意14、起诉书15、诉讼请求三、将下列英文句子翻译成汉语(共2小题,每小题10分,共20分)。

1、Forbid transfers of shares without the consent of other shareholders.2、“Judicial officers" refers to persons who exercise the functions of investigation, prosecution, adjudication and supervision and control.四、将下列英文短文翻译成汉语(1小题,共20分)。

Congress shall make no law（5分） respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; （5分） or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; （5分）or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances。

2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案(卷一)

2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案（卷一）The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.重点词汇：discipline:[记]联想记忆：dis(不)+cip(拿)+line(线)——不拿老百姓一针一线——纪律n.纪律，规定[例]Without discipline, there is no method.没有规矩，不成方圆。

法硕英语试题与参考答案

英语试题公共英语部分Put the following passage into Chinese:1、Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail. Kindergarten children who turn five during the latter half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it comes to physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better grades and score higher on achievement tests throughout their schooling experience than do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today’s children with inner matu rity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters whose parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have more anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fail to maintain their initial academic advantage over their less-pressured peers.Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. They question whether environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non disadvantaged home. They do not deny, however, the value of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children considerable freedom to play, develop at their own pace, and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too hard and thereby depriving them of their childhood.早教的批评者援引有关4岁的小孩是否已经准备好接受正规学习的研究。

法律英语模拟试题及答案

法律英语模拟试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. Which of the following is NOT a legal document?A. ContractB. WillC. DeedD. Memo2. The term "pro se" refers to a person who represents themselves in a legal matter without the assistance of an attorney. What is the equivalent term in Latin?A. Per seB. Ex parteC. Pro seD. Ad hoc3. In legal terms, "res ipsa loquitur" means:A. The thing speaks for itself.B. The case is closed.C. The matter is settled.D. The evidence is clear.4. What is the term for a legal principle that allows a court to consider the facts of a case to determine the law?A. Stare decisisB. PrecedentC. Judicial noticeD. Fact-finding5. Which of the following is NOT a type of legal system?A. Common lawB. Civil lawC. Religious lawD. Equitable law6. The phrase "habeas corpus" is used to challenge:A. The legality of detention.B. The validity of a contract.C. The jurisdiction of a court.D. The admissibility of evidence.7. The term "actus reus" in criminal law refers to:A. The guilty mind.B. The guilty act.C. The motive for the crime.D. The opportunity for the crime.8. In the context of a legal dispute, "burden of proof" refers to:A. The responsibility to prove a claim or defense.B. The responsibility to pay legal fees.C. The responsibility to provide evidence.D. The responsibility to show up in court.9. "Caveat emptor" is a legal principle that means:A. Let the buyer beware.B. Let the seller beware.C. The contract is void.D. The transaction is complete.10. The term "precedent" in legal terms means:A. A legal principle or rule established in a previous legal case.B. A legal document that sets a standard.C. A legal agreement between parties.D. A legal decision that is final.二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）11. A legal document that outlines the terms and conditions of a sale is called a(n) ______.12. The legal principle that states that a person is innocent until proven guilty is known as ______.13. The term "eminent domain" refers to the power of the state to take private property for ______.14. In legal terms, "estoppel" is a principle that prevents a person from denying the truth of a previous ______.15. A "plea bargain" is an agreement in a criminal case where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a ______.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Define the term "due process" in the context of legal proceedings.17. Explain the concept of "joint and several liability" in the context of a legal claim.18. What is the purpose of a "cease and desist" letter in legal disputes?19. Describe the role of a "guardian ad litem" in a legal case involving a minor.四、案例分析题（每题15分，共30分）20. A company is being sued for copyright infringement. The company claims that they were not aware of the infringement and that it was an honest mistake. Discuss the possible defenses the company might raise and the likelihood of their success.21. A landlord is suing a tenant for unpaid rent. The tenant claims that the apartment was uninhabitable due to a leaking roof and poor heating. Analyze the tenant's potential defenses and the possible outcomes of the case.五、论述题（15分）22. Discuss the importance of understanding legal English in the context of international business transactions. Include examples of common legal terms and their implications in contracts.答案：一、选择题1-5: D C A D C6-10: A B B A A二、填空题11. Contract12. Presumption of innocence13. public use14. representation15. reduced sentence三、简答题16. Due process refers to the fundamental, constitutionalright of all individuals to receive fair treatment by the justice system. It includes the right to notice, the right to be heard, and the right to a fair and impartial tribunal. 17. Joint and several liability means that in a legal claim, each party responsible for the harm caused can be held liable for the entire amount of the damages, regardless of their individual contribution to the harm.18. A cease and desist letter is a formal warning sent by one party to another, demanding that the recipient stop an。

2013年在职法律硕士考试题：英语模拟试题六

2013年在职法律硕士考试题：英语模拟试题六2013年在职法律硕士考试题：英语模拟试题六and this week sees still another indictment of U.S. education：New details on how thousands of 12th graders in selected countries did on a 1982 algebra test given by the International Association for Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Hong Kong ranked first，barely ahead of Japan. The U.S. Finished 14th among the 15 countries，just ahead of Thailand，just behind Hungary. In a United Nations survey of what students in nine countries know about foreign cultures，the U.S. comes in next to last. One test of American 12-year-olds shows 20 percent unable to locate even their own nation on a world map.“Our students lag behind，and it doesn‘t bode well for our country，”says Herbert Walberg，a comparative-education expert for the University of Illinois in Chicago.“Fifty-five percent of America’s jobs involveinformation processing. If we don‘t have good，solid skills in language，geography，math and science，we’ll be at a severe disadvantage.”61. American newspapers have carried the sad news about American education that __________.A. Johnny can‘t read or writeB. many American students can‘t find jobC. American youngsters do not work hardD. many American young people are illiterate62. Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage?A. The United States was once considered the best in industrial research.B. Japanese high-school students know much more than their American peers.C. Only in these years have American students fallen behind foreigners in academic knowledge.D. One out of four American teenagers choose to work before they finish high school education.63.“With a straight face”in Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. with a long faceB. with a clean faceC. with a serious expressionD. with an honest expression64. 1982 algebra test given by the IAEEA showed that __________.A. Thai students were better than the AmericansB. American students were better than Thai studentsC. Japanese students were the bestD. Hungarian students ranked the 15th65. According to Herbert Walberg，American students will be at a serious disadvantage because _________.A. there will not be sufficient jobs for themB. they lack the skills needed for their future jobsC. more foreigners will seek jobs in the U.S.D. almost all the jobs require information processingPartⅣCloze Test (15 minutes，10 points)Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each bland there are four choices marked A，B，C and D at the end of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a sing le line through the center.It has been necessary to refer repeatedly to the effects of the two world wars in promoting all kinds of innovation. It should be __66__ also that technological innovations have __67__ the character of war itself by the __68__ of new mechanical and chemical devices. One weapon developed during World War II __69__ aspecial mention. The __70__ of rocket propulsions was well known earlier，and its possibilities as a __71__ of achieving speeds sufficient to escape from the earth‘s gravitational pull had been __72__ by the Russian and the American scientists. The latter built experimental liquid-fuelled rockets in 1926. __73__，a group of German and Romanian pioneers was working __74__ the same line，and in the 1930s，it was this team that developed a rocket __75__ of delivering a warhead hundreds of miles away. Reaching a height of over 100 miles，the V-2 rocket __76__ the beginning of the Space Age，and members of its design team were __77__f in both the Soviet and United Statesspace programs after the war.Technology had a tremendous social __78__ in the period 1900~1945. The automobile and electric power，__79__，radically changed both the scale and the quality of 20th-century life，__80__ a process of rapid urbanization and a virtual revolution __81__ living through mass production of household goods and __82__. The rapid development of the airplane，the cinema，and radio made the world seem suddenly smaller and more __83__. The development of many products of the chemical industry further transformed the life of most people. In the years __84__ 1945 the constructive and creative opportunities of modern technology could be __85__，although the process has not been without its problems.66. A. notified B. observed C. commented D. detected67. A. transformed B. imitated C. innovated D. simulated68. A. introduction B. innovation C. elimination D. alteration。

研究生英语模拟题(附答案) (5)

Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas.16A. unprogressiveB. bookishC. stupidD. blind正确答案：A注释:unprogressive(保守的)与conservative意思相符。

bookish书籍的，书生气的；stupid愚蠢的；blind眼睛失明的，盲的。

The children were full of animation as they went to the zoo. For it is the first time for them to go outing.17A. annoyanceB. frightC. excitementD. animals正确答案：C注释:animation与excitement意思相近，含有―兴奋‖之意。

animals动物；fright惊吓，恐怖；annoyance 烦恼。

法律英语试卷【范本模板】

1. To discuss the differences between the civil law system and the common law system。

ⅠThe original places are different. The civil law system originated in ancient Rome，and the common law system originated in England。

Ⅱ The main traditional source of the common law is cases, while the main traditional source of the civil law is legislation。

Ⅲ The civil law system pays more attention to substantive law; the common law system pays more attention to procedural rules。

Ⅳ The classification of law is different。

The civil law is separated into public law and private law，the common law is separated into common law and equity。

Ⅴ Since theory and doctrines is important in legal education of civil law system，professor plays an important role in legal education. on the contrary，cases is the main source of common law, thus the judge’s decision is more important。

考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：法学类(25套)

考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：法学类(25套) Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by LawWhen you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfaresystems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’human beings isA. not very high.B. high.C. contemptuous.D. critical.2. The main idea of this passage isA. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.3. That the author mentions the old Romans isA. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.B. to give an example.C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.4. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?A. Three.B. Five.C. Six.D. Seven.5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage isA. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.Vocabulary1.relish 从……获得乐处，享受y 狂欢，放纵3.arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所4.blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的5.bear-baiting 逗熊游戏6.bull-fight 斗牛7.batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打8.pulp 成纸浆，成软块9.burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火10.grim 令人窒息的，简陋的11.coop up 把……关起来写作方法与文章大意作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。

研究生英语模拟题附答案Word版

Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Skin, being sturdy and elastic and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.16A. resilientB. elusiveC. looseD. expansive正确答案：A注释:elastic有弹力的，引缩自如的；elusive难懂的；loose宽松的；resilient有弹力的；expansive易膨胀的。

Our social backgrounds also affect our attitudes toward art.17A. effectB. affluenceC. varyD. influence正确答案：D注释:influence与affect同为“影响”之意。

affluence丰富，汇集。

There is an argument that Lincoln was assassinated by an actor.18A. stabbedB. murderedC. killedD. shot正确答案：B注释:assassinate与murder意思相近，同为“暗杀，谋杀”。

【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语阅读理解精选之法律类(专项试题模拟)

——教学资料参考参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语阅读理解精选之法律类（专项试题模拟）______年______月______日____________________部门考研英语阅读理解精选(一)法律类GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHTBy almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind thecontroversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. "I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased," says Pfingst. "I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail."Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys andtheir jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors,。

考研英语阅读理解模拟题(五)及答案：法学类

2022年考研英语阅读理解测真题〔五〕及答案：法学类There is a bitter battle over how to combat the nation‘s fastest-growing crime problem，juvenile offenders. While overall crime statistics in America’s largest cities has dropped there is one category where it has skyrocketed. That category is homicides committed by youths under the age of 17. Between 1984 and 1994，murders committed by youths under 17 tripled. Demographic studies show that there will be a surge in the teen population in the coming years and experts believe that 25 percent of all murders committed by the year 2022 will be committed by juveniles.Violence (i.e. Aggravated assaults) committed with guns by youths has also increased at roughly the samepace as homicides. After years of statistical decline，drug use by teens is also on the rise. None of these statistics would appear to bode well for future. It now seems that everyday we are hearing about horrendous violent crimes being committed by juveniles.The most famous of late was the 6-year-old in northern California who almost beat to death a small baby. The baby was just released from the hospital on Thursday and has suffered brain damage from the attack by the 6-year-old. There is also the case of the 15-year-old pregnant girl who was shot to death by another student in St. Louis. In Miami，two 16-year-old males have been charged with the murder of a Dutch woman tourist who just happened to end upin the wrong neighborhood. A 15-year-old New York boy tried to steal a pair of earrings from a woman.During the attack，the young woman fell to her death under a New York subway train. In Fort Meyers，Florida，a group of teenagers shot and killed a high school band teacher. This case will be the subject of an upcoming ENN report，but a police investigation into this group of teens turned up “would-be junior terrorists〞that could have rivaled some of the worst terrorist organizations in the world.There seems to be growing awareness now of this juvenile crime problem in the United States. Several experts，as well as this publication，have been trying very hard to get the word out. People who have become victims of these young felons are angry and are calling for changes to be made in the juvenile justice system.It has been a long-standing belief in the United States that juveniles who kill，rape and rob be treated differently than adult offenders. But this may soon change. In 1899，juvenile courts were e stablished to help protect “juvenile delinquents.〞But it seems that today，the reasoning for the protection of the youths in the criminal justice system may be outdated and changes need to be made to accomodate these “14-year-old harden felons.〞Many critics，today，say that in reality too many hard-core juvenile offenders are arrested held andreleased time-after-time in a process that is called a revolving door. It seems to only come to an end when a truly heinous crime is committed.Because of the rise in juvenile crime and the experts predictions that the problem is going to get worse before it gets better，many cities，states and even congress are trying to wrestle with the problem. Tallahassee，Florida has been experimenting with a couple of different programs to deal with troubled youths. In one case，Tallahassee Police received a report of a teenager breaking into an auto. Immediately，officers knew their suspect. The suspect was a 16-year-old who even held a job at a near-by restaurant. This 16-year-old who was on parole，had been known to commit 32 similar offenses. Officers had kept the suspect tracked on a point scale. He was arrested after he barricaded himself inside an apartment building. Because of his extensive criminal record prosecutors imm ediately sent him to trial in an adult court. This can be called the “get-tough〞approach.1. As you read the first paragraph，which kind of crimes are increasing while the crime statistics in America‘s largest cities has dropped AHomicides committed by youths.BMurders committed by adults.CDrug abuse.DViolation.2. Read the third paragraph carefully and then answer the question：What happened to the “6-year-old〞AThe “6-year-old〞had been killed.BThe “6-year-old〞had almost killed another small baby.CT he “6-year-old〞had been sent to prison.DThe “6-year-old〞had suffered brain damage.3. What thing will be report by ENNAA high school teacher had been killed by a group of teenagers.BJunior terrorists.CThe case of the 15-year-old pregnant girl who was shot to death by another student in St. Louis.DBoth A and B.4. Who called for changes to be made in the juvenile justice system AJournalists came from Florida.BThe parents came from the juvenile‘s families.CTeachers came from the juvenile‘s school.DThe victims of these young felons.5. As the author use the example of the case of Tallahassee，what did he meanATo illustrate the importance of changes that should be made in the juvenile justice system……BTo state that teenagers who committed crimes should be sent to trial in an adult court.CTo express that the old law was not fit for the new phenomenon.DTo express that the author hated the juvenile crimes.疑难长句翻译与注解1. Demographic studies show that…the year 2022 will be committed by juveniles.译文]统计学的研究说明，在马上到来的一年里，青年人口将有迅猛的增长。

2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案(卷二)

2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案（卷二）As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a“common law”，or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an__4__ part of our common-law system. Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right. Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide__12__ among__13__ citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors，consisting of __16__ numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury. The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rulesdictated by state law.1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities13.[A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying15.[A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed17.[A] allocated [B] allotted [C] appointed [D] assigned18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units参考答案：110. B . D . A . C . B . D .C .B . B . A11-20. C . C .D .B . D . A . D . C . D . BThe government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases __31__ the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant __32__ of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a __33__ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses __34__ and will strictly control the amount of __35__ that can be given to a case __36__ a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he __37__ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not __38__ sufficient control. __39__ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a __40__ of media protest when he said the __41__ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges __42__ to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which __43__ the European Convention on Human Rights legally __44__ in Britain, laid down that everybody was __45__ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands __46__ our British judges,”he said. Witness payments became an __47__ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were __48__ to have receivedpayments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised __49__ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to __50__ guilty verdicts.1.[A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular[D] such as2.[A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing[D] fastening3.[A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary[D] draft4.[A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable[D] improper5.[A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity[D] peculiarity6.[A] since[B] if[C] before[D] as7.[A] sided[B] shared[C] complied[D] agreed8.[A] present[B] offer[C] manifest[D] indicate9.[A] Release[B] Publication[C] Printing[D] Exposure10.[A] storm[B] rage[C] flare[D] flash11.[A] translation[B] interpretation[C] exhibition [D] demonstration12.[A] better than[B] other than[C] rather than[D] sooner than13.[A] changes[B] makes[C] sets[D] turns14.[A] binding[B] convincing[C] restraining[D] sustaining15.[A] authorized[B] credited[C] entitled[D] qualified16.[A] with[B] to[C] from[D] by17.[A] impact[B] incident[C] inference[D] issue18.[A] stated[B] remarked[C] said[D] told19.[A] what[B] when[C] which[D] that20.[A] assure[B] confide[C] ensure[D] guarantee参考答案：1-5. [D]. [A]. [D]. [B]. [A] 6-10. [C]. [D]. [B]. [B]. [A]11-15. [B]. [C]. [B]. [A]. [C] 16-20. [A]. [D]. [C]. [D]. [C]A recent parliamentary report blames the government and the food industry for the growth in obesity. The Department of Transport is blamed for not doing enough to__1__facilities for pedestrians and cyclists while__2__ to pressure from motoring organizations representing car users. The Ministry of Education is__3__of selling off school playing fields and not doing enough to__4__adequate facilities for physical education and games. Young people in Britain have become crazy about football(soccer and rugby)，but too often as__5__“couch potatoes”。

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.The court cannot_1_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_2_justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that_3_the court's reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia，for example，appeared at political events.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be_4_as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not_5_by an ethics code.At the very least，the court should make itself_6_to the code of conduct that_7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases_8_the question of whether there is still a_9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions_11_they would be free to_12_those in power and have no need to_13_political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely_14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it_16_ is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily_17_as unjust.The justices must_18_doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves_19_to the code of conduct.That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and，_20_，convincing as law.1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]leads[D]applies8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10.[A]by[B]as[C]through[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conventions16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.[A]by all means[B]at all costs[C]in a word[D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1In the2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her,Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent release,and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited todesigners.For H&M to offer a $5.95knit miniskirt in all its2,300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues.Americans,she finds,buy roughly20billion garments a year—about64items per person—and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since2008has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A]lack of imagination.[B]poor bargaining skill.[C]obsession with high fashion.[D]insensitivity to fashion.22.According to Cline,mass-market labels urge consumers to[A]combat unnecessary waste.[B]shop for their garments more frequently.[C]resist the influence of advertisements.[D]shut out the feverish fashion world.23.The word“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.[D]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25.What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top ofundergraduate w-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’and clients’strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered“restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text,the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies---at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers ca n be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecuti ons under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do no t consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies That contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishmentfor bribing foreign officials”,says one researcher.Researcher admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty.[B]skepticism.[C]approval.[D]tolerance.32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices.[B]protecting it from being defamed.[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products.33.The expression“more lenient”(Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?[A]The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[B]Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[C]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text4In a rare unanimous ruling,the U.S.Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on“specific”and “unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and “nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types of access for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–thatall are equal in treatment by government－is undermined.Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1)most probably shows that the court[A]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[B]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[C]guarantee fair play in official access.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]In December of1869,Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected,and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of1871.[B]Completed in1875,the State Department’s south wing was the first to be occupied,withits elegant four-story library(completed in1876),Diplomatic Reception Room,and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood,Oriental rugs,and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in1879,where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.[C]The State,War,and Navy Building,as it was originally known,housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building has housed some of the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.[D]Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls.Theodore and Franklin D.Roosevelt,William Howard Taft,Dwight D.Eisenhower,Lyndon B.Johnson,Gerald Ford,and George H.W.Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President.It has housed16Secretaries of the Navy,21Secretaries of War,and24Secretaries of State.Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.[E]The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States.Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury,Alfred B.Mullett,it was built from1871to1888to house the growing staffs of the State,War,and Navy Departments,and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.[F]Construction took17years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.When the EEOB was finished,it was the largest office building in Washington,with nearly2miles of black and white tiled corridors.Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster;the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety.Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.[G]The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between1799and1820.A series of fires(including those set by the British in1814)and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.In1866,the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.C42.43.F44.45. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,that I realised just how bad much of the medicalliterature frequently was.I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper:the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were1.17times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.(46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which,when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press,generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published?A recent paper,titled“The Natural Selection of Bad Science”,published on the Royal Society’s open science website,attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science,but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.What is important is not truth,but publication,which has become almost an end in itself.There has been a kind of inflationary process at work:(47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10years ago.Never mind the quality,then,count the number.(48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.This is the famed citation index,that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature,the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.(49)This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications,or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual's output to simple metrics,such as number of publications or journal impacts,entails considerable savings in time,energy and ambiguity.Unfortunately,the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.(50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible.We must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university.Write them an email in the name of the Students’Union to1)extend your welcome and2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20points）。

硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读模版之法律类

硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读模版之法律类SAMPLE 21[法律类]Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would destroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter: they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing.Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women’s needs and abilities and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of “protecting”their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women’s competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years: manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit allemployees without discriminating against any.In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay and that their needs —good health care, a decent wage, and a safe workplace —are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women’s rights for equal protection in employment.1.According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage orrevival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?[A] Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.[B] Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.[C] Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.[D] The health of most women factory workers improved.2.The author places the word “protecting” in quotation marks in line 9, paragraph 2most likely in order to suggest that[A] she is quoting the actual wording of the laws in question.[B] the protective nature of the laws in question should not be overlooked.[C] protecting the health of workers is important to those who support protectivelabor laws.[D] the laws in question were really used to the detriment of women workers,despite being overtly protective in intent.3.The text suggests that which of the following is a shortcoming of protective laborlaws that single out a particular group of workers for protection?[A] Such laws are often too weak to be effective at protecting the group inquestion.[B] Such laws are usually drafted by legislators who do not have the best interestsof workers at heart.[C] Such laws exert no pressure on employers to eliminate hazards in theworkplace.[D] Compliance with such laws is often costly for employers and provokeslawsuits by employees claiming discrimination.4.According to the first paragraph of the text, the author considers which of thefollowing to be most helpful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women?[A] A comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that hadsuch laws and in states that did not.[B] An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of such laws.[C] An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws.[D] A study of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on womenworkers.5.The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employeehealth insurance plans?[A] They cover all the common medical conditions affecting men, but only someof those affecting women.[B] They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed speciallabor laws for women would provide.[C] They pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth only forthe spouses of male employees, not for female employees.[D] They meet minimum legal requirements, but do not adequately safeguard thehealth of either male or female employees.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】A【考点解析】这是一道指代词题型。

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2008在职法律硕士英语模拟试题一1. SpeakerA: Dear Tommy, why don′t you come on holiday with us? Speaker B: ______ A.That′s very kind of you. I′d love to. B. How dare you invite me? I won′t go. C.Yeah, thanks anyway. D.Whether I′ll go or not is not your business, ok? SpeakerA: _______ Speaker B: I′ve caught a bad cold and got a sour throat. A. Do you have anything to declare, sir? B. Good morning. May I help you? C. How have you been getting along recently? D.What seems to be the problem? SpeakerA: Hello. May I speak to Peter? Speaker B: ______ A. Sorry, the number is engaged. Will you hold? B.Yes, speaking. C. Hello. Who′re you, please? D. Hello. Thank you for calling. Speaker A: Firstly, allow me to introduce myself. My name is John Brown, manager of the company. Speaker B: ______ A.You must be mistaken. I don′t know you at all. B. Hello, Brown! I haven′t seen you for ages. C. How do you do, Mr. Brown? Very happy tosee you. D. Hi, John! Welcome to China. SpeakerA: Mom, may I play my computer game for an hour or two? Speaker B: _______ A.Your teacher tells me that youshould study harder. B. I′ve said before that the game takes too long.C.Well, ah…. You′re absolutely right to ask.D. Sorry, Dad′s using the computer now. 6. M: Did you tell Sally she has failed the exam again? W: No. I didn′t have the heart to tell her. Q: What does the woman mean? A. She doesn′t like a heart to heart talk with Sally. B. She thinks the topic is too serious for her. C. She thinks the news is too bad for Sally D. She dares not tell Sally the bad news.7. M: I had a quarrel with Mary. She said that she hated me coming back home late. W: You need to put your cards on the table. Q: What does the woman mean? A.。

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