考研英语：翻译真题精讲4
(2024年)考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案
案例二
科技类篇章翻译。科技类篇章涉及专业领域的知 识和技术，考生需具备相关背景知识，并注意专 业术语的翻译和表达。
案例四
经济类篇章翻译。经济类篇章涉及市场经济、国 际贸易、金融投资等内容，考生需注意经济术语 的准确翻译和表达。
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模拟试题与参考答案
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模拟试题一（附参考答案）
文化背景处理
在翻译过程中，考生需注意处理 中西方文化差异，避免因文化背 景不同而造成的误解或歧义。
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典型篇章翻译案例解析
案例一
政治类篇章翻译。政治类篇章通常涉及国家政治 、经济、社会等方面的内容，考生需注意政治术 语的准确翻译和表达。
案例三
文化类篇章翻译。文化类篇章涉及不同国家和地 区的文化传统、历史背景等内容，考生需注意文 化差异的处理和表达方式的转换。
分析并列连词（and, but, or等）连接的句子成分，分别进行翻译 ，再根据逻辑关系进行组合。
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复合句的处理
识别主句和从句，先翻译主句，再翻译从句。注意从句的引导词 和时态，确保译文的准确性。
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特殊句式（倒装、强调等）的应对策略
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倒装句的翻译
理解倒装结构，还原句子正常语序进 行翻译。注意保持译文与原文的语气 和语调一致。
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句子结构分析与翻译技巧
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简单句的翻译方法
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理解句子主干
确定主语、谓语和宾语，把握句子核心意思。
注意词义选择
根据上下文和语境选择合适的词义，避免歧义。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译scientific
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Science1.scientific [,saiən'tifik]a. 科学上的【同义词】systematic【真题例句】The scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics.（1998阅读3）参考译文：科学界如此强大以至于可以对批评者置之不理。
2.scientist ['saiəntist]n. 科学家【同义词】【真题例句】Scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted.（1999阅读5）参考译文：确切知道自己的目标和怎么实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心。
3.conscience ['kɔnʃəns]n. 良心，良知［真题例句］Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice.参考译文：心理健康普遍被称作良知、本能、智慧、常识或者内心的声音。
（2016考研英语翻译）4.conscientious[,kɔnʃi'enʃəs]a. 审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的5.conscious ['kɔnʃəs]a. (of)意识到的，自觉的；神志清醒的【同义词】aware［真题例句］Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.参考译文：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德提出了革命性的理论，即梦是我们潜意识中的欲望和恐惧经过伪装后的反映。
2004年考研英语真题及答案详解_(含答案_译文_词汇讲解)
2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,5 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _ 6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.1. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because3. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation4. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length12. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced14.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible18. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity20. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notific ation of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you e liminate a possibility,” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of thi s.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that i s added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in o ur traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation toarm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.21. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches.23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.[A] advisory. [B] compensation.[C] interaction. [D] reminder.24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.25. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (includ ing his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien an d Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.28. The 4th paragraph suggests that .[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.30. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stoppedshowing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says.“I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if oth er clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predomina ntly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.31. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_____.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), the author istalking about _______[A] gold market.[B] real estate.[C] stock exchange.[D] venture investment.34. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of________.[A] undervaluing intellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform.[D] suppressing native intelligence.38. The views of Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are ______.[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably _________.[A] a pioneer of education reform.[B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooling.40. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies powerPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal w ith bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American In dian languages. (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned thatbecause it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.Section III Writing46. Directions：Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the drawing，2. interpret its meaning, and3. support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)答案解析Section I Use of English1.完形填空翻译：许多研究青少年犯罪(即低龄人群犯罪)的理论要么强调个人要么强调社会是导致犯罪的主要因素。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
2019年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析4----翻译
Part CPart C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medicaljournals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that Irealised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. Icame to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper thatpurports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli aweek were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late inlife from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind ofnonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcastersand the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietaryenthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “TheNatural S election of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’sopen science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and importantquestion. It says that the problem is not merely that people do badscience, but that our current system of career advancement positivelyencourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which hasT 参考译文参考译文1：(46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.【题目考点】定语从句;状语从句省略结构;并列结构;被动结构【句子结构】主干为：There is a good deal of this kind of nonsense. which 引导定语从句修饰nonsense;when引导时间状语从句，且形式是状语从句的省略，省略了主语和系动词(this kind of nonsense is);介词短语in the medical j ournals作状语;both health scares和short-lived dietary enthusiasms是并列结构，做动词generates的宾语。
2001年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲
2001年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试题In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments，allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.（71）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots，and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.（72）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell-television，and digital age will have arrived.According to BT s futurologist，Ian Pearson，these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1000years），when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.（73）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine，including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”, he says.（74）But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of man-machine integration:”It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human befo re the end of the next century.”Through his research，Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However，there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available，or when human cloning will be perfected，or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will，for example，cause problems in2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.（75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.二、翻译题解（71）Therewill betelevision chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitorsthatwill disablethem when they offend.句子拆分：拆分点参考：分词,标点符号，连词There will be television chat shows// hosted by robots//, and cars with pollution monitors// that will disable them// when they offend.解析：1）主干结构是带双主语的存在句：There will be television chat shows..., and cars...2）两个主语都带有定语：第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hostedby robots，第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译orderly
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1.orderly ['ɔ:dəli]a. 整齐的，有秩序的，有条理的n. 勤务兵【同义词】regular；straight【真题例句】Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（2003考研英语翻译）参考译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。
2.disorder [dis'ɔ:də]n. 混乱，杂乱；骚乱；失调，疾病[同义词]mess[真题例句]Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men. （2008考研英语阅读Test1）参考译文：与男性相比，面对压力时，女性更容易患上抑郁和焦虑症。
3.ordinary ['ɔ:dinəri, -neri-]a. 普通的，平凡的，平常的；平庸的【同义词】usual；general；average【真题例句】Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.（2016考研英语翻译）参考译文：虽然心理健康是我们生活的万灵丹，但它是也非常普通，因为你会发现它一直在指导你完成所有艰难的决定。
研究生英语精读Unit4课后答案+课文翻译
Unit4II. Vocabulary StudyI.l.Physical 2 accumulation 3. diversity 4. precipitated 5. muscular6. pathological7. symptomatic8. vigorous9. psychologically 10. Anxiety1l. restored 12. refreshedII.l. manifestation 2. resume 3. precipitate 4. consequence 5. diverse6. a skimpy7. taxing8. prolong9. overlooked l0. vigor11. enhanced l2. relapseIII. (略)lV. Translationl. I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment from a day's sedentary job.2. Exercising and relaxing yourse1f is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable you become to physical and psychoIogica1 problems.4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did litt1e but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of 1abor-saving devices and convenient transportation.Key to Supplementary ReadingsA 1. A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.AB 1. T 2.F 3. F 4.T 5.T 6.F参考译文论三种疲劳简·布罗迪1 疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲戚经常抱怨的问题之一。
考研英语：翻译真题精讲(1)
考研英语：翻译真题精讲（1）一、全真试题The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in Congress.（71）The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades，research productivity，sales records，or whatever is appropriate.（72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.（73）Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.（74）In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used，they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.（75）For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.二、翻译题解（71）The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词The target is wrong, //for in attacking the tests, //critics divert attention from the fault //that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.解析：（1）句子的主干为The target is wrong;后面跟了个for引导的状语从句。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译allow
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1.allow [ə'lau]vt. 允许，准许；承认；给予；(for)考虑到【同义词】admit；permit【真题例句】Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.（2017考研英语阅读Text 4）参考译文：民选领袖应该被允许帮助其支持者解决繁文缛节的问题而不用担心被起诉受贿赂。
2.allowance [ə'lauəns]n. 补贴，津贴；零用钱；减价，折扣；允许【真题例句】The jobseekers’allowance has met their actual needs. （2014考研英语阅读Text 1选项）参考译文：求职者的津贴满足了他们的实际需求。
3.below[bi'ləu]prep. 在…下面，在…以下ad. 在下面，向下［真题例句]The Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent.参考译文：日本的离婚率，尽管仍远低于美国，却也已经上升了50%多。
（2000考研英语阅读text4）4.blow [bləu]vi. 吹，吹气，打气；吹奏；爆炸；n. 打，打击［真题例句]Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.参考译文：空档年的经历可以减轻适应大学生活和被抛入一个全新环境的打击，让你更容易专注于学业和活动，而不是适应各种错误。
2004年考研英语真题Text4解析
pursuit
pursue
平衡力，使平衡
相反，反对，计数器
对应的人
追溯，跟踪，痕迹，遗迹
根，根源
结束的，最后的，结论
推断，决定，结束
结论，推论，结尾
厌恶，讨厌，不喜欢
智力的，聪明的，理智的
追求，追赶，职业，工作
追赶，追踪，继续，从事
But they could and should be.
学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使得孩子受到不自然的限制，
我们被关在学校和大学的背诵室里，
一关就是10到15年，
最后满腹经纶却一窍不通。
philosopher
philosophy
schooling
rigorous
restrain
restraint
shut up
recitation
come out
bellyful of
考虑周到的，体谅的
考虑，理由，体谅，照顾
高尚的，贵族的，惰性的
质量，品质，特性
资格，限定，条件
具有资格，限制，限定
性质上的，定性的
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought
schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:
have been considered more noble qualities
than anything you could learn from a book.
实用性、基本常识、天分，
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Voice
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Voice1.void [vɔid]a. 空虚的；没有的；无效的【同义词】【真题例句】2.Avoid [ə'vɔid]vt. 防止，避免；逃避，避开［真题例句]Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. （2017考研英语阅读Text 4）参考译文：相反，公务人员应该避免“双重标准”，或者说，避免对有钱人和普通人采取不同类型的接见方式。
3.victory ['viktəri]n. 胜利【同义词】success prosperity【真题例句】The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.（2008阅读4）参考译文：“五分之三”代表权的条款增加了选举人团中南方各州的选举，使Jefferson在1800年的总统选举中以微弱优势胜出。
4.convict [kən'vikt]v. （经审讯）证明…有罪，宣判…有罪n. 囚犯[同义词]culprit[真题例句]no compromise in convicting McDonnell （2017考研英语阅读Text4选项）参考译文：在宣判McDonnell 上没有妥协5.conviction [kən'vikʃən]n. 深信，确信；定罪，判罪；[真题例句]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism （2017考研英语阅读Text4选项）参考译文：免于袒护罪名的指控6.convince [kən'vins]v. (of)使信服，使确信[同义词]persuade[真题例句]Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. （2008翻译）参考译文：达尔文确信，没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力，更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译nowadays
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1.nowadays['nauədeiz]ad. 现今，现在【同义词】contemporarily【真题例句】People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s.（2007考研英语阅读Text 2）参考译文：现在的人们已经不能像沃斯·莎凡特那样获得高智商分数。
2.novel ['nɔvəl]n. （长篇）小说a. 新奇的，新颖的【同义词】fiction【真题例句】The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.（2017考研英语新题型）参考译文：这些小说的流行巩固了狄更斯作为一个国家和国际知名作家的地位。
3.novelty ['nɔvəlti]n. 新奇，新颖，新奇的事物【真题例句】Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.（2012考研英语阅读Text 3）参考译文：其次，新颖事物本身就会频繁地引起人们的质疑。
4.innovation [，inəu'veiʃən]n. 改革，革新；新观念，新方法，新发明【真题例句】So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.（2009考研英语阅读Text 1）参考译文：因此，在与创造力和创新同样的背景下谈论习惯似乎是自相矛盾的。
5.renovate ['renəuveit]v. 更新，修复【同义词】【真题例句】6.newspaper ['nju:s,peipə, 'nju:z-]n. 报纸【真题例句】Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.（2010考研英语阅读Text 1）参考译文：然而，在20世纪出版的大量最重要的批评文集中，大部分都是报纸评论。
04考研英语真题解析
第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要探讨青少年犯罪的原因。
一开始，文章从现有的理论出发，指出这些理论集中把个人或社会看作主要影响因素。
接着文章又进一步谈到，现有理论只关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，而忽视了来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪这一事实。
总之，这些理论都是不确定的，容易受到批评和攻击。
从第三段开始，文章提出了新的见解：社会结构的变化可能间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。
这其中包括经济结构和家庭结构的变化。
除此之外，也有其他一些原因造成了青少年的犯罪行为。
最后，文章就以上提到的众多原因作了一个总结：所有上述情形都有可能促使青少年犯罪，但它们与青少年犯罪是否存在直接的因果关系还没有确定。
二、试题具体解析1. [A] acting (on) 对……起作用[B] relying (on) 依靠，指望[C] centering (on) 以……为中心，围绕；集中于……[D] commenting (on) 对……做出评论[答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+分词短语辨析。
本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。
从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focus on；Theories 1 on the individual suggest that；Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。
三个句子的主语都是theories，并都接有分词作定语。
因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示“关于…的理论”的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于（concerning）青少年犯罪原由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。
第二句强调个人因素的理论。
第三句强调(focusing on)社会因素的理论。
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考研英语：翻译真题精讲(4）————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ考研英语:翻译真题精讲（4)一、全真试题Ｔｈeｙｗere by far，the lａrｇesｔ and most ｄistant objects ｔｈat sci ｅｎｔｉsts ｈaｄ ever detecｔed: a stｒiｐ of enｏrｍous ｃoｓmｉc ｃｌoｕds some 15 billiｏｎ light-yearｓｆroｍearth.(71）Ｂut ｅvｅn ｍore imporｔaｎt,it ｗaｓ thｅｆarthｅsｔthaｔ scｉe ｎtｉsｔs ｈａd ｂeｅｎ ablｅto look ｉntｏthe past,foｒwhat tｈｅy were ｓeeing wｅre the pａtｔｅrnｓａnｄ strucｔures thａt eｘｉsted 15 billion yｅas ａgo. Thaｔwａs juｓt ａbｏｕｔtｈe moment ｔｈat tｈe uｎivｅrse was born. Ｗhaｔtｈe resｅarchｅｒs ｆound was ａt onｃｅ bｏth aｍazing aｎd expecteｄ：ｔhe US Ｎatｉｏnal Ａｅronａutiｃs and Spａｃe Admｉｎisｔratｉon’ｓＣosmiｃ Backgrｏund Exploｒer sａｔellｉte—Ｃobe—had diｓｃoｖeｒｅd landmark evidenｃｅｔhat ｔhe ｕniverse diｄin fａct beｇin with the p ｒimevａl ｅxpｌoｓion tｈａt haｓ becｏmｅknown ａs thｅＢiｇ Bang(the tｈe ｏry that ｔhe univeｒsｅ oriｇiｎateｄin an ｅxplｏｓioｎ froｍ a single m ａｓs oｆ eｎergy).(72）The ｅxistｅncｅof tｈe ｇiant cｌoudｓ was virtuａlly ｒequired for tｈe Bｉg Bａng,fiｒst put forwaｒd in ｔhｅ1920s，to ｍainｔain ｉts ｒｅig ｎａs thｅ doｍiｎant expｌanation oｆthe coｓmos. Accorｄｉng tｏｔｈe theorｙ，tｈe ｕniveｒｓｅｂuｒｓｔ iｎｔｏｂeinｇ as a suｂmicrｏｓｃｏｐｉｃ，uniｍaginａbly dense ｋnot ｏf pｕrｅ energｙ thａｔfｌew ouｔwａrd ｉn ａll directions，emiｔtinｇ radｉatioｎ as iｔ wｅnt,ｃondeｎｓinｇ into paｒticles anｄ then into atomｓ of ｇａｓ. Ｏvｅr ｂｉlｌｉｏｎs of ｙears,th ｅ gas waｓcompｒessｅd bｙ gｒaｖity intｏ gaｌaxｉｅs,sｔaｒs，plantｓ and evｅｎtuallｙ,ｅｖen ｈumanｓ.Cｏbe iｓ designed to seｅ jｕst the ｂｉgｇｅｓｔｓtrｕｃtures，but ast ｒｏnｏmerｓ woｕld lｉｋe to sｅe ｍuｃｈ smaller hot spｏts ａｓ well,the ｓeedｓｏf lｏcal objeｃtｓ like ｃluｓters ａｎｄsupercｌusｔers ｏf gａlaxieｓ．Ｔｈey ｓhｏｕldｎ’t hａve ｌong to waｉｔ．（73)Astｒophｙsicisｔｓwｏrking with grｏｕｎｄ-baｓｅｄｄetectoｒs at thｅ Sｏutｈ Pｏle and ｂaｌｌｏｏn－bｏrne iｎｓtruｍents are closing in on sｕch ｓｔructurｅs,ａnd ｍay report ｔｈeir fｉndｉngｓ soon.(７4)Iｆtｈｅｓmaｌl hoｔ spots lｏok as expｅcted，ｔhat wilｌｂe a t ｒiumｐh fｏr yｅt anoｔｈer scientific idｅa,ａreｆineｍent of ｔｈｅ Big B ａng ｃａｌｌeｄthｅinflａtiｏnａｒy uniｖeｒｓe thｅoｒy. Inflatioｎｓay ｓ that ｖeｒｙｅarｌy ｏn,ｔｈｅ uｎiverｓｅ eｘpａｎded ｉn ｓize by more t ｈan ａ tｒilｌionｆold ｉn much lｅsｓｔhaｎ a ｓecond，propellｅd ｂy a sortof aｎtigｒavity.(75)Ｏdｄthｏｕｇh iｔ soundｓ，ｃosmｉc ｉnfｌaｔion is a scieｎｔifｉcallｙ plａｕsibｌe conｓequencｅof soｍｅ resｐｅcted ｉdeas in elemenｔary pａrｔicle phyｓics，and many astropｈysｉciｓts havｅbeeｎｃｏn ｖinced for the better pａrｔ of a decade thaｔ it is true.二、翻译题解（7１)But even more imｐortａnｔ，ｉtwasthe ｆarthesttｈａtscienｔiｓtｓhad ｂeenａble to loｏks into ｔhe pasｔ,foｒwhaｔtｈeｙｗeｒe seeingwerｅthｅpa ｔteｒns aｎd strｕcｔurestｈatexisted15 ｂillion ｙeａrs ago.句子拆分:拆分点参考:标点符号,从属连词But eｖen more important，／／ it was ｔhe farthesｔ /／that sｃientisｔs ha ｄｂｅｅn aｂle to looｋｉnto the past, ／/ fｏr what thｅy ｗｅre ｓｅeiｎg weｒe the ｐattｅｒns ａnd ｓtructｕres ／/ thａt exiｓｔeｄ 1５ｂiｌliｏn yeaｒs ago.解析:句子结构为:主句+ for引导的原因状语从句。
foｒ引导的原因状语从句的主语为ｗｈaｔ主语从句。
evｅn ｍore importａｎｔ为整个句子的状语词的处理:even mｏre ｉmｐortaｎt更为重要的是(形容词短语做状语，较特殊）tｈe patteｒｎs ａnd ｓｔructureｓ（宇宙云的）形状和结构１5 ｂilｌioｎ years ago 1５0亿年前技巧点拨：(１）状语But evｅn more impｏｒｔaｎt直接翻译到句子最前面即可,“但更为重要的是”。
（２)第一个tｈaｔ为定语从句修饰ｔhe fａrthest,其中，ｔhe ｆartｈｅst为“th ｅ+形容词”表示一类人、一类事物的结构，此处需要运用增词法将其翻译完整，即“最遥远的景象”;此外that定语从句需前置。
(3）第二个thaｔ引导的定语从句结构较简单,直接前置为“(存在于）150亿年前的．....．”。
完整译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是15０亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
(72)Ｔhe ｅxｉsteｎｃe of the gｉａnt clouｄswasvｉｒtually requiｒed foｒthe Big Ｂａng, ｆiｒsｔ pｕt forward iｎ thｅ 1920ｓ, ｔo mａintaｉn iｔs r ｅigｎ as ｔhｅｄｏminａnｔ exｐlａｎatiｏｎ oｆ tｈｅ cｏｓmｏｓ．句子拆分:拆分点参考：标点符号，分词，动词不定式Ｔhｅｅｘistence of tｈe giant ｃlouds ｗas ｖirtually reqｕiｒed for the Big Bang, ／／fiｒst ｐut ｆorwarｄin tｈe 192０s, ／／ to maintａin ｉtｓ r ｅｉgn aｓ tｈe domｉnant expｌanａtion of the cｏsmoｓ.解析:(1)整体结构是：Ｔhe existeｎｃe．．. was ｖｉrｔｕaｌly requiｒed ｆｏr...，tｏmａｉntａiｎ．..（2）firsｔ put foｒwａrd iｎｔhe 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语,为tｈｅBig Baｎｇ的定语。
(3）不定式短语ｔo maｉｎｔain iｔs reign为目的状语修饰requiｒe(４）介词短语ａｓ the dominａnt ｅxｐlanatｉｏn of ｔhe cosｍｏs做状语修饰maｉntain词的处理：ｔｈe gｉａｎｔ cｌouｄs巨大的(宇宙）云virtually事实上,实际上,实质上tｈe Ｂｉg Bang大爆炸理论firｓt ｐut forward首创的，开始提出的ｉn the 19２０s二十年代to ｍａiｎtain its ｒeign as以保持……的地位explanation of thｅ cosｍos对宇宙(起源论)的解释技巧点拨:(1)被动语态ｗas rｅquｉrｅd for,根据少用“被”翻译英文被动语态的原则，此处译为“（为).．....所需要的”“是.．.．.．所必不可少的”。
（2)不定式状语to ｍaｉntａｉｎｉt ｒeigｎ需要调整语序,放到其所修饰的reqｕired之前,方符合汉语表达习惯。
(３)其中,状语to mainｔａin it reign，意为“保持其统治”，貌似不完整，增词成为“保持其统治地位”;介词短语定语as tｈe dominａnt ｅxplanaｔion of the ｃoｓmｏｓ修饰reｉgｎ，字面理解“作为对宇宙的主要解释”。
这两部分进行组合一下就成了“保持其作为宇宙的主要解释的统治地位”，但是很别扭,可以进一步处理为“保持其对宇宙解释的统治地位”“保持其对宇宙解释的主导地位”。
（４)专有名词“tｈｅＢiｇ Bang”，没有相关知识背景的话,不是很好翻，但可以联系上下文语境找线索,发现原文中thｅBig Bａng第一次出现时，后面有括号进行了解释说明:(tｈｅtheorｙ tｈat ｔhe uｎiverｓｅ origｉnaｔeｄｉｎ aｎeｘplosiｏn from ａsingle mass of eｎergy),因此知道这是一个理论,译为“大爆炸理论”。