综合教程第五册unit1 何兆熊

Eighth grade
(called Grade 8 in some regions) is a year of education in America and many other nations. The eighth grade is the eighth school year after kindergarten. Students are usually 13–14 years old, but sometimes as old as 17 . Traditionally, eighth grade was the final year of elementary school. In the United States and Canada, however, it is now usually part of middle school.
The Fourth of July
By Audre Lorde
Born: February 18, 1934 Died: November 17, 1992) (aged 58) Cause of death: Liver Cancer Ethnicity: African American
Occupation: Poet, Writer, Activist(积极分子, 激进分子） Essayist Known for:The First Cities, Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, The Cancer Journals
Language Work
milk train:
a train that chiefly carries milk and dairy products （乳制品，奶制 品）, and passenger cars may also be attached to it, usu. very early in the morning
Discussion of Paragraph Two-Six
1. Why had the family always gone on the milk train when they used to go to the Connecticut shore?
Because the milk train was cheaper. The fact that the family had always traveled on the cheap milk train implies that the family was rather poor.
Pre-reading Work
What is special with the date, the Fourth of July in the United States?
The Glorious Fourth/ Independence Day/National holiday Official anniversary of US. Independence It is celebrated in all states and territories of the United States.
The writer's family went to Washington D.C. at the beginning of the summer when the writer graduated from the eighth grade and her elder sister from high school.
5.Why had the writer's elder sister been prevented from going to Washington D.C. with her high school classmates?
Because she was black and all her classmates were white and they would be staying in a hotel which did not rent rooms to Negroes.
2.Why did the writer say that her first trip to Washington D.C. was a mobile feast?
Because the writer started eating as soon as they were ensconced in their seats on the train and she did not stop eating until somewhere after Philadelphia.
be supposed to do sth.: be expected or required to do sth.
(应该做某事，被期望做某事）
e.g.: (1) You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday. (3) You are not supposed to play football in the classroom. (4) Students are not supposed to whisper or talk while the teacher is lecturing.
பைடு நூலகம்
Analysis of Paragraph One
The first paragraph presents the background information, which tells us the circumstances under which the author's family were going to take the Washington trip.
2. Why did the family go on a Fourth of July trip?
The family went on a Fourth of July trip for two reasons. The main reason was that the writer and her sister had just graduated from school and the trip was taken as an event to mark their graduation and regarded as their graduation present. The other reason was that the Fourth of July is the National Day in the USA, the day on which America won independence and freedom. As a way of celebration, most Americans will take trips to various places.
fable
the fables of Aesop
狐狸与葡萄 农夫与蛇 苍蝇与蜜 男孩与母亲
fabled: famous in fables; legendary
（寓言中的，虚构的，传说中的） e.g.: (1) There are some fabled cities in that small country. (2) The scientist went to investigate about the fabled fish in Lake Kanas. (3) The deserted house is fabled to have been inhabited by ghosts.
3.Give a list of the different foods the writer's mother had prepared and packed.
The writer's mother had roasted two chickens and packed slices of brown bread and butter and green pepper and carrot sticks. There were iced cakes with scalloped edges, a spice bun and rock cakes, iced tea in a wrapped mayonnaise jar, sweet pickles, dill pickles, and peaches with the fuzz still on them.
Language Work
suppose: believe, accept as true; pretend that sth. is true;
take sth. as a fact(认为; 以为; 猜想; 假定)
e.g.: (1) I don't suppose for a minute that he will agree. (2) She'll be there today, I suppose (3) Everyone supposes him to be poor, but he is in fact very wealthy. (4) Suppose that you had a million pounds -- How would you spend it?
How much do you know about America?
American Revolutionary War, also called American War of Independence, lasted from 1775 to 1783 The United States of America is comprising fifty states and a federal district . The offical motto of America is In God We Trust . The capital of America is Washington, D. C. or New York City? What does the name Washington, D.C. signify?
4.Why did the writer's mother prepare a
variety of foods for the trip?
There were probably two reasons. On the one hand, by taking a variety of food with them on the trip, the family members could save some money, for dining car food was too expensive. On the other hand, as black people, they were not allowed into railroad dining cars at that time.
in the air:
in the sky; prevalent; not decided, indefinite (在空中；在流传中; 悬 而未决.)
It is formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C..

Discussion of Paragraph One
1. When and where did the writer's family go for a visit?