陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句精讲精练
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[知识要点梳理]
一、英语句子按用途可分为四类:
1、陈述句:用来说明事实或说话人的看法,包括肯定句和否定句。
如:He is a doctor.
I didn’t go to school yesterday.
2、祈使句:用来表示请求、命令。
如:Be quiet!
Don’t play with fire!
3、问句:用来提出问题。
包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
如:Do you like English
What time is it
Does he like playing football or playing basketball
They went out, didn’t they
4、感叹句:用来表达强烈的感情。
如:What a fine day it is!
How beautiful!
二、用法讲析:
1、陈述句:中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否定句。
几种常见形式:
(1)含有谓语动词be,变否定时,be后加not即be not……
I am a teacher → I am not a teacher.
There are some books→There are not any books.
(2)句子谓语动词是实义动词(如:work live)时,要用助动词do/does/did + not
+ 动词原形。
如:They like swimming→They don’t like swimming.
I came late → I didn’t come late
(3) 句中含有all,both的句子,变完全否定时,要将all→none, both→neither,
both…and…→ neither…nor…要注意谓语动词的变化。
如:All of us watched the TV → None of us watched the TV.
Both of them are students.→Neither of them is a student.
Both Tom and John have done the homework.→
Neither Tom nor John has done the homework.
(4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否定时变为have/has+not+done或
had+not+done
(5) had better do something变否定时为had better not do…
如:You’d better have a rest → You’d better not have a rest.
2、疑问句:
(1)一般疑问句:一般指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。
I Tom at home Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.
Can you swim Yes, I can./No, I can’t.
Have they been to Beijing
Yes, they have./No, they haven’t.
(2)特殊疑问句:是以疑问词开头的疑问句。
常用疑问词what,where,who,how,what time,how long等其结构:疑问词+一般疑问句
要注意使用一般疑问句的语序。
.
My name is Mary→What is your name
I usually get up at 6:30→When do you get up
注意:疑问词作主语或作主语的定语时,语序不变即疑问词(疑问词+被修饰词)+动词+其他
Han Mei is on duty Today.→Who is on duty today
My ruler is blue.→Whose ruler is blue
还应注意:特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No回答,应问什么答什么。
(3)选择疑问句:提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种。
这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。
其结构:“一般疑问句+or+其他”
Is her brother a doctor↗or a↘teacher前升后降
Shall we go to the cinema on↗Saturday or on↘Sunday
注意:回答时不用Yes或No,直接回答(根据事实回答)。
如:—Does he like English or Chinese
—He likes Chinese.
(4)反意疑问句:反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句之后,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。
其基本结构有两种:一是“肯定陈述句+ 简略否定问句”;二是“否定陈述句+ 简略肯定问句”。
反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。
如:
It looks like rain,doesn’t it
He doesn't need to work so late, does he
学习反意疑问句,特别要注意以下的一些特殊情况:
①陈述部分的主语是this,that时,疑问部分的主语多用it;陈述部分的主
语是these,those时,疑问部分的主语是they。
如:
This is a dictionary, isn’t it
Those are shelves, aren’t they
②陈述句如果是there be 结构时,疑问部分仍用there。
如:
There once was a man named Saint Nicholas,wasn’t there
③陈述部分的谓语是had better(最好)时,疑问部分用hadn’t来体现。
如:You’d better have a good rest, hadn’t you
④陈述句的谓语动词是have(has)to(必须)时,疑问部分用助动词do或does
来体现。
如:
They have to go there, don’t they
He has to leave early, doesn’t he
⑤陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动词的ing形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语
多用it来体现。
如:
Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it
What he said is right, isn’t it
⑥陈述句中含有not、no、hardly、neither、never、few、little、too…to等否
定词或是具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。
如:
Few people knew the news, did they
Tom has never been to England, has he
但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时,整个句子仍视为肯定句,反意疑问部分多用否定形式。
如:She is unhappy, isn’t she
⑦陈述句中的谓语动词含有“推测”性的词must(一定)时,反意疑问部分多
与must之后的动词形式和时态与句子主语保持一致。
Her mother must be a teacher, isn’t she
She must have read the novel, hasn’t she
⑧陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时,反意
疑问部分的主语多用they;如果陈述句的主语是something,nothing,anything,everything等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用it。
如:Nobody says a word about the accident,do they
Everything seems all right,doesn’t it
⑨陈述句是主从复句时,如果主句的谓语动词是think、believe、expect、feel、
guess等词,且主语是第一人称I时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态要与从句中的人称、时态保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移。
如:
I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, can’t he
I don’t think he will come, will he
⑩祈使句反意疑问句都可做成will you
Please open the window, will you
Don’t talk, will you
但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we
Let us……,will you
Let me……,will you
如:Let’s go shopping,shall we
Let us have a rest,will you
注意:对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就用no。
即Yes + 肯定,No + 否定。
这和汉语不一样,应特别注意。
如:John hasn’t been to Beijing,has he
Yes, he has. 不,他去过。
No, he hasn’t. 对,他没去过。
3、祈使句:
(1)祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子。
它的主语多是You(通常不说出)。
(2)祈使句可分为肯定、否定两种形式。
其中肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头,分两类:
①连系动词+ 表语(如:形容词、名词等)引起。
例如:Keep quiet!保持安静!
Be a good student!要做一我好学生!
②行为动词开头。
例如:
Open the door!打开门吧!
Come here!到这儿来!
否定形式的构成是一律在肯定形式的祈使句之前加上Don’t。
例如:Don’t go there alone!不要一个人去那里。
Don’t be late for class again!别再上课迟到
(3)在祈使句中加上please可构成“Please…”或“…,please.”句式,please使句子语气显得更委婉、礼貌。
此时的否定句应变为“Please don’t……”或“Don’t……,please.”
例如:Please give the book to me./Give the book to me, please.请把那本书给我。
Please don’t play with fire./Don’t play with fire, please.
请别玩火。
(4)由let构成的肯定式的祈使句句型为:
Let+宾语+动词原形+其它。
例如:
Let me have a good rest. 让我好好休息一下。
以let引起的祈使句的否定形式,要视其在意思上否定了什么来决定。
如否定let,则用Don’t let…,若否定let后面的不定式,则在不定式前加not,即用“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它。
”句式。
例如:Don’t let the children play football on the road.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球。
Let’s not wait outside the gate.咱们别在门外等。
(5)祈使句的主语通常不说出来,但有时为了指明向谁提出请求、命令等时,或为了加强语气,此时可说出主语you。
例如:You feed the animals today. 今天你喂动物。
You sweep the floor.你拖地板。
(6)祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用。
意为“务必;一定”等。
例如:Do come, please!请一定来!
Do tell her the thing. 务必告诉她此事。
4、感叹句:
〈一〉种类:感叹句通常由what或how引导,一般各有三种情况:
(1)What引导的感叹句
①What +a(an)+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!
如:What a new watch it is!多么新的一块手表啊!
②What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语!
如:What interesting books the children are reading!
孩子们读的书多么有趣啊!
③What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
如:What important news it is!多重要的新闻啊!
(2)How引导的感叹句
① How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!
如:How tall the girl is!那个女孩多高啊!
②How+主语+谓语!
如:How time flies!间过得多快!
特别提示:如何判断用what还是用how
方法一:凡是有a, an开头的,多用what;
方法二:凡是形容词直接加名词多用what;
〈
二〉
如何把陈述句改为感叹句:
除以上口诀外,把陈述句变为感叹句时,还可以根据这种方法:“一断二加三换位”。
“一断”,即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两部分。
例如:He is a good teacher.—He is/a good teacher.“二加”,即在第二部分前加上how(强调副词,形容词)或what(强调名词)。
如:He is(what) a good teacher.“三换位”,即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置,句号换感叹号。
例如:What a good teacher he is!
〈三〉
另外主语+ be + adj + to do……变感叹句:
How + adj +主语+ be + to do……
如:I am very happy to hear the good news.→
How happy I am to hear the good news!
不用very
四、what、how引导的感叹句有时可相互转换
如:①What a clever boy he is!
→ How clever the boy is!
②What good news it is!
→ How good the news is!
[中考典型题精练]
一、选择:
1、new radio it is!(南京)
A、How a
B、What a
C、How
D、What
2、picture books in class, please.(广西)
A、Not read
B、No read
C、Not reading
D、Don’t read
3、bad the weather is today!(福州)
A、What
B、How
C、What a
D、How a
4、“”called Mr Black when he heard the knock at his door. (宁夏)
A、Come on
B、Come in
C、Come back
D、Come down
5、important information it is!
A、What an
B、What
C、How
D、How a
6、—
—I’ve got a headache and a cough. (安徽黄山)
A、What’s your trouble
B、What’s wrong with it
C、Can I help you
D、How are you
7、He has never been to Beijing, A (四川内江)
A、has he
B、hasn’t he
C、did he
8、He’s already a little weak in Chinese, A
A、isn’t
B、hasn’t
C、has
D、is (江苏泰州)
9、He’s worked there since the shop opened in 1998, B
A、isn’t he
B、hasn’t he
C、doesn’t he
D、wasn’t he(宁夏)
10、The little dog is lovely, a (青海)
A、isn’t it
B、is it
C、isn’t the dog
D、is the dog
11、Don’t forget to return the library book, A (辽宁)
A、will you
B、can you
C、do you
D、are you
12、 B you pass me a penI’d like to write down the telephone number.(北京海淀)
A、Need
B、Could
C、Must
D、Should
13、I hear Lili lives far from the school, she has lunch at school, D (南通)
A、is she
B、isn’t she
C、hasn’t she
D、doesn’t she
14、There will be a volleyball match in our school, D
A、be there
B、is there
C、will there
D、won’t there
15—With the computers,people can do their work much more easily than before, — C .
A、can they; Yes, they can
B、can they; No, he can’t
C、can’t they; Yes, they can.
D、can’t they; No, he can’t
二、句型转换
1、Mr King has to take exercise every morning.(改为一般问句)
Does Mr King have to take exercise every morning
2、My Kite is broken.(提问)
with your Kite(1—2山东聊城)
3、Alice does the shopping on Sundays.(否定句)
Alice doesn’t do the shopping on Sundays.(济南)
4、Mr Hu taught her maths last year.(一般问句)
Did Mr Hu teach her maths last year
5、His friend has already posted the photos.(否定句)
His friend hasn’t posted the photos yet .
6、There is little water in the bottle.(反意疑问句)
There is little water in the bottle,
(4—6哈尔滨)
7、There are some birds in that tall tree.(一般问句)
Are there any birds in that tall tree(贵阳)
8、Mary did very well in her English exam.(一般问句)
Did Mary do very well in her English exam
9、Both John and Ann were ill yesterday.(否定句)
John nor Ann ill yesterday.(8—9福州)
10、My brother has lunch at the school every day.(一般问句)
your brother lunch at the school every day
(甘肃)
11、She is such a beautiful girl!(同义句)
the girl is!(青海)
12、The exam today is very important to us.(感叹句)
important exam it is!
13、You’d better not ask your teacher.(否定祈使句)
your teacher, please.(12—13 新疆)
14、My husband likes fish for lunch.(用chicken完成选择疑问句)Which does your husband like better for lunch, fish
15、I think Kate liked singing at that time, (完成反意疑问句)
三、答案:
〈一〉选择题:1—5 BDBBB 6—10 AAABA 11—15 ABDDC
〈二〉填空题:1、Does…have2、What’s wrong 3、doesn’t do 4、Did…teach5、hasn’t……yet 6、is there
7、Are…any8、Did…do 9、Neither…was
10、Does……have11、How beautiful 12、What an
13、Don’t ask 14、or chicken 15、didn’t she。