英汉翻译理论与实践——重复法
英汉翻译技巧——重复译法
英汉翻译技巧——重复译法使用重复法的目的主要有三个:一是使意义明确,二是使译文生动活泼,三是加强语势。
一、使意义明确1.重复名词1) We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.3)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.4)It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.5)All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize.6)They slipped out into the open,avoiding the kitchen, a spacious separate building.2.重复动词1)People forget your face first, then your name.2)Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and in particular of the spread of wealth and work.3)They talked of things they longed for ─ of meat and of hot soup and of the richness of butter.4)He encouraged this bumptious young ma n to write of his own region──of its bleak poverty and of its women old before their time.3.重复代词1)The country has its romantic feeling.2)However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days.3)Whoever works hard will be respected.4)Choose whatever you like.5)Ignoring a problem does not solve it.6)When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.二、使译文生动活泼1)grotesque2)careless3)in chaos4)street gossip5)rumors6) Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time at sea-side.7) But at that time, she was the only woman there.8) His folks ate up everything he had.三、加强语势1) Would you please please please please please please please stop talking.2)Any my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life.。
翻译重复法
重复关系代词替代的名词
修饰
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.
只要我们学习努力,而且学习得法,我们就能克服学 习中的困难。
重复共同的宾语
(1).People use natural science to understand and change natural. 人们利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。
People use natural science to understand (natural) and change natural.
(2).Teachers should try their best to develop the student's ability to analyze and solve problems. 教师应当尽力培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
Teachers should try their best to develop the student's ability to analyze (problems) and solve problems.
重复人称代词替代的名词
If an atom contains three protons,itit must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子含有三个质子,这个原子 必然有三个电 子,使之不带电荷。
英汉翻译理论和实践重复法
3)重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词:
英语中的同位语,在汉译有时也可重复先行词。
They asked for promises that be cashed in one week.
他们要求得到承诺,而这些承诺要在一周内兑现。
We have to analyze and solve problems.
我们要分析问题,解决问题。 Let’s discuss our studying and living
conditions. 咱们来讨论讨论学习条件和生活条件吧。
英汉翻译理论和实践重复法
It is our duty to rebuild and defend homeland.
英汉翻译理论和的方法和技巧:(5)
重复法 /重译法
(Repetition)
英汉翻译理论和实践重复法
重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只 不过增加的是上文刚刚出现过的词。
• Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
• 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智, 笔记使人准确。
• They lived there for many years. He in front of the mountain, she behind it.
• 他们住在那里已多年了。他住 山前,她住山后。
英汉翻译理论和实践重复法
The language varies with different genres of writing: a political essay differs from technical writing, a news report is not the same as a literary work, a written article is quite different from oral speech.
翻译技巧重复法
• 他们是白手起家的人,需要人员,需要枪支,需 要训练。
翻译技巧重复法
重复动词(2)
• We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other – of everything but our host and hostess.
• 我们反对一切战争,特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 4. That day he was up before sunrise. • 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 • (adv. → v.)
翻译技巧重复法
小结
词类转译法
英汉两种语言的差别(静态 VS动态)要求我们在翻译的 时候适当运用词类转译法以 符合目的语的逻辑和特征。
• 我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就 是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(的问 题/情况)。
重复英语中作宾语的名词 (p73)
翻译技巧重复法
练习
• We have to analyze and solve problems. • 我们要分析问题,解决问题。
• They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
• 我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气, 谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切,只是不谈我们的 男女主人。
英语句子中动词后有前置词时,在第二次、第三次往往 只用前置词而省略动词,在译文中则要重复动词以代替
英语中重复的前置词(p76)
英汉翻译中的重复翻译法
析:原文中的that指代前文中的approach,在翻译成汉
语时被翻译成了“做法”。原文中的This concept指代
上文中提到的comparative advantage,This concept是
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comparative advantage的上义词。
Case 6
He demanded total loyalty, not loyalty in the traditional sense, not positive loyalty, but total loyalty, not just to office or party, or concept, but loyalty first and foremost to Johnson.
译文:营销是一种无处不在的社会活动,它远远 超过牙膏、肥皂或者钢铁的销售活动。
析:该句的关系代词that所指代的就是前文中出 现的social activity,在将这类关系代词或者代词 翻译成汉语时,办法之一就是使用汉语里的代词 与之对应。
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Case 4
Needs are the basic, often instinctive, human forces that motivate a person to do something.
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Case 5
A more realistic approach toward international
specialization is that of comparative advantage. This
concept says that a nation has a comparative
译文:他要求的是绝对的忠诚,不是传统意义上的忠诚, 也不是一般的忠诚,而是绝对的忠诚,不只是对职务、 政党或观念的忠诚,而是首先对约翰逊的忠诚。
英译汉第8讲翻译技巧之重复法连淑能英译汉教程
Translation from English into Chinese is not as easy as that from English to French.
英译汉不如英译法容易。
A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is formed.
尽管他有随机应变的本领,尽管他的主张反复无常, 但是他终生都是极端墨守成规的。
The solid friendship between our two countries took shape during our protracted struggles against colonialism, hegemonism, and outmoded relationships.
BB: 个个、件件、条条、篇篇、层层 ABB: 一块块、一滴滴、一朵朵 ABAB: 一次一次、一步一步、一颗一颗 AABB: 千千万万、三三两两
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rhetorical reduplication and repetition
动词重叠,表示动作的轻微、反复、完成、连 续、轻松、随便等
形容词重叠,表示程度的加重、加深、加强、 减轻或喜爱、厌恶等情绪
AA: 高高、厚厚、小小、长长、细细 A一/了A: 走一走、摇一摇、笑了笑、看了看 AABB: 干干净净、花花绿绿、歪歪斜斜 ABAB: 笔直笔直、通红通红、雪白雪白、崭新崭
新
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rhetorical reduplication and repetition
英汉翻译重复发转
英汉翻译重复发转汉语有个明显的特点,也是英语所少见的,就是同义词语的重复。
这种重复在汉语修辞上称为反复,为的是突出某个意思,强调某种感情,以加强读者的印象。
但是在许多情况下,并非出自修辞需要,而是语言本身所固有的。
在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实地表达原文意思。
这种反复使用某些词语的翻译方法就叫重复法。
一般说来,重复法有三个作用:一是为了明确,二是为了强调,三是为了生动。
1.名词的重复(1)重复作宾语的名词1)We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.我们应学会如何分析问题、解决问题。
2)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.一出好戏足以教育人民、鼓舞人民。
3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障。
4)It is o1)Work while you work,play while you play.该工作时就工作,该玩时就玩。
2)It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.生于社会,不能脱离社会。
3)Dead is the monarch,dead the servant who cringed beforehim,dead the city in which they dwelt.君主死了,在他面前卑躬屈膝、阿谀奉承的侍臣死了,他们居住的这个都城也死了。
ur duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。
2)重复作表语的名词1)Every single woman Iever know is apuzzle to me,as,I have no doubt,she is to herself.我所认识的每一个女人对我来说都是一个谜,而且我毫不怀疑,她自己对她本人也是一个谜。
重复法
重复法
二、为了强调 重复关键性的词,给读者留下深刻的印象
Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace-but there is no peace.
先生们可以高呼和平,和平!但依然没有和平
What we meant, first and foremost,is to learn, to learn and to learn.
强国有强国的策略,小国也有小国的路线。
重复法
英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词whoever, whenever,wherever等,翻译时尽量用重复法
Whoever studies hard will get high mark. 谁认真学习,谁就能得高分。
Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.
On Sunday afternoon,some reviewed their lessons, and others helped the cooks.
复习功课的复习功课,帮厨的帮厨。
重复法
英语原文没有重复,有时也可在内容上而不是形 式上重复的手段。
He was proficient both as a translator and writer. 他既精于翻译,又擅长写作。
He is talking about the nuclear-test issue, which is the focus of the public’s concern.
他正谈到核试验问题,这个问题也是大众 关注的焦点。
重复法
英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表 语,在译文中往往要重复这个动词。
翻译----重译法
古典文学和散文中汉译英的重复
• 寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。 • Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. “沉默啊!沉默啊!不在沉默中爆发就在沉默中灭 亡。”(鲁迅《呐喊》自序) ‘‘Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.”
(二)运用词的重叠 :词的重叠是汉语常用的一种 修辞手段。
• 如:寻觅:寻寻觅觅;冷清:冷冷清清; 清楚:清清楚楚 • I had been completely honest in my replies, with holding nothing. • 我的回答是坦坦荡荡,毫无忌讳。 • His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody. • 他的那些孩子,也是穿的破破烂烂,粗野 不堪,就像没有父母似的。
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汉译英时的重复
• 一,汉语重复,英译时也重复。 • 二,根据两种语言各自的习惯用法, 以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重 复通常是为语并非一概排斥重复,英语中的重复多 数是用在修辞上起到强调的作用(余立三, 1985),但是重复在英语中的使用远没有 汉语中普遍。有人将“叠言”(rhetorical repetition)列为美学修辞的一种。尽管累 赘重复(redundancy)是修辞的一忌,但在 特定情景中有意识的重复却能起到很有力 的修辞效果(范家材,1992)。 • 特点: • 为了更加忠实于原文,体现翻译时“信” 的原则 25 • 一般出现在中国古典文学的散文的翻译
翻译技巧-重复法
英语中强调关系代词或关系副词 whoever, whenever, wherever等等, 翻译时往往使用重复法处理。(p79)
重复代词(4)
• Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
为了明确重复
译文
一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日 本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处 于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即 尽其全力给予军事及其他援助。
分析:原文涉及三方(one of the contracting parties; Japan;
the other contracting party), 如果用“它”,那到底指的是哪方呢?
第八讲: 翻译技巧——重复法
教学步骤
学生陈述 作业讲评 翻译技巧——重复法 作业布置
作业讲评
• 1. The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
• 一路上非常顺利,风是顺风,天是晴朗的好天气。 • (adj. → n.) • 2. The increasing number of students poses
many new problems for the universities. • 学生人数的增加给大学带来了许多新问题。 • (ving → n.)
作业讲评
• 3. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.
• 我们反对一切战争,特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 译文:曲水抱山山抱水。 闲人观伶伶观人。
英译汉教学课件重复法四字对偶
• (10) clear • 清清楚楚
1.注意使用四字重迭
• All of these suits of clothes are beautiful. • 件件衣服都很漂亮。 • Do not haggle over every ounce. • 不要斤斤计较。 • The young people in pairs rambled about the park on
译时重复了“社会”,“负有责任”。 • Ours is a federal system. • 我们的制度是一个联邦制。 • They never laugh when they ought to weep,or vice versa. • A.他们该哭的时候从来不笑,反之亦然。 • B.他们该哭的时候从来不笑,该笑的时候也从来不哭。 • She is lovely enough to outshine the moon and put the flowers
years have brought about. • 看看我们的城市,你就会发现这5年带来了多大的变化。
有关and的译法
• 3)表示目的(purpose),常用于口语中,代替不定式“to”。 • Come and tell me all about. • 来把情况都告诉我。 • Go and help him. • 去帮帮他。 • Try and come early. • 尽量早点来。 • 4)表示让步(concession) • I can't make him work hard,and I have repeatedly counseled him
重复法
• 译文1:
• I seek but seek in vain,
第5章 英汉翻译中的重复翻译法
英汉翻译中的重复翻译法
重复名词 重复动词 重复代词
①重复英语中作宾语的名词 ②共同修饰的名词 ③前置词短语前所省略的名 词
重复名词
We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须分析问题 解决问题 问题, 问题。 我们必须分析问题,解决问题。 Marketing economy is itself the product of long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange. 市场经济本身是一个长期发展过程的产物, 市场经济本身是一个长期发展过程的产物,是 生产方式和交换方式一系列变革的产物 产物。 生产方式和交换方式一系列变革的产物。
小结: 小结:
重复名词 Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。 重复动词 He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great fish, nor of fights. 风暴, 大鱼, 搏斗。 他不再梦见风暴,不再梦见大鱼,也不再梦见搏斗。 重复代词 He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他讨厌失败, 他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且 藐视别人的失败。 重复法实际上是一种增词法, 重复法实际上是一种增词法,所增加的词是上文刚刚 出现过的词。 出现过的词。
中英表达差异示例
A: I’ll have a new pair of shoes, please. B: I’ll have the same but with black laces. A: He will come tomorrow. B: I hope so. I like strong tea, I suppose weak ( ) is better for you. We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other— of everything but our host and hostess.
英汉翻译法8——重复法
2.2 练习一参考译文I thought this machine would never be anything but a toy.我原以为这台机器最多只能当成一个玩具,没有什么实用价值。
Early the next morning, after a large breakfast, they departed.第二天一早,饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后,他们便动身了。
第二天一早,他们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐之后,便出发了。
Do as you would be done by.要别人如何待你,你就该如何待人。
(增加原文比较句中省略的部分)This printer is indeed cheap and fine.这部打印机真是物美价廉。
I could knit when I was seven.我七岁时就会织毛衣。
Steel and iron products are often coated lest they should rust.钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈2.2.2重复法一.原文为省略表达:英语中和汉语中都有省略现象。
英语多按语法形式省略以避免重复,多省略所有格、形容词和介词后面的名词,助动词、不定式后面的动词,系动词后面的表语,主谓一致时的主语或谓语等。
译为汉语时,这些省略掉的词语往往要补上,这就构成了汉语的重复。
1.重复名词:例1.Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech.一个民族的贵族倾向和民主倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
(重复形容词所修饰的名词)例2.We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.我们提倡和平共处的原则,这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。
翻译第六讲(重复法)
(三)重复代词 1. Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. 英语中用代词的地方,翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重复其替代词
2. A. Happy families also had their own troubles. B. Each country has its own customs. 用物主代词代替句中作主语的名词时,翻译时往往可以不用代 词而重复其作主语的名词,以达到明确具体的目的
eg: The trial was absolutely fair.
She is an awful fool of a woman. But at that time, she was the only woman there.
4. A. The little boy lived in the terror of his step-mother, who had always assigned a lot of housework for him.
B. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. C. This is the soldier who just returned from the front.
Translation(6)
重复法(实际也属增词法)
重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的词是上文 刚刚出现过的词。为了明确、强调或生动,往往需要将一些关 键的词加以重复。
翻译技巧之重复法
翻译技巧之重复法重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语,以使意思表达得更加清楚;或者进一步加强语气,突出强调某些内容,收到更好的修辞效果。
下面就一起来看看具体的重复法翻译技巧吧!翻译技巧之重复法1一、重复名词1.重复英语中作宾语的名词Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或者取消这个会议。
2.重复英语中作表语的名词This has been our position—but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。
3.重复英语介词前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用介词,而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省略,翻译时则往往可以重复这些省略的名词。
The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践,地比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
4.重复定语从句中作先行词的名词英语定语从句常用关系词引导,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(通常是名词、名词短语或代词),一方面在从句中担任一个成分。
汉语中没有关系词,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。
He gave ma a book which I kept to this day.他曾经送给我一本书。
这本书我一直保存至今。
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.昨天下午,我遇到了一位老朋友。
重复译法精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版重复译法英语和汉语一样,写文章总是尽量避免重复。
然而在英译汉中重复却是一种必不可少的翻译技巧,因为翻译时往往需要重复原文中某些词,才能使译文表达明确具体。
由于英汉语结构不同,避免重复的手段也不尽相同,甚至有时完全不同。
有些词在英语句中是不必重复的,但在汉语中却必须重复,否则就会造成文理不通或逻辑混乱。
例如:Gas,oil,and electric furnaces are most commonly used for heat treating metal。
不能译成:煤气、油和电炉最常用来热处理金属。
这句原文在表达上是清楚的,句中的名词furnace(炉)不必多次重复,但在译文中不重复该词,意思就不清楚。
只有采用重复译法,译成:“金属热处理最常用的是煤气炉、油炉和电炉”,才不致引起误解。
在科技英语翻译中,重复译法的目的,主要是为了表达上的明确具体,其次是为了表达上的生动活泼。
一、为了明确(一)重复共同部分当原文中出现几个词所共有的部分时,该共同部分往往需要重复译出。
如上述例句中的furnace就是gas、oil和electric三个词所共有的,所以译成"煤气炉、油炉和电炉”。
重复共同部分的情况,常见的有下列四种:1.重复共同修饰的名词(1)Roller and ball bearings are used whenever possible.凡有可能就使用滚柱轴承和滚珠轴承。
(试比较:凡有可能就使用滚柱和滚珠轴承。
)(2)Electrical and magnetic quantities are less simple thanlength,mass,or time。
电量和磁量不象长度、质量或时间那么简单。
(3)The charges of nucleus and electrons are equal so that the atomis electrically neutral。
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4)重复代词:
Each has his own strengths. 各人有各人的长处。 The climate in Jining is almost
再如:
the same as that of Linyi. 济宁的气候与临沂的气候基本相同。 Her father is a famous professor, but I can’t find any scholarly pretense in him.
例如:时间就是生命,时间就是速度,
时间就是力量。
因此,英译汉时要特别注意英语
这个习惯,了解到英语用不同的 词实际上表达的是同一个概念, 不妨用重复同一个词的办法来翻 译指代同一个referent的不同的词。 与此相反,汉译英时对于同一说 法的汉语原文,英译时不妨采用 不同的表达方式。这样既避免了 重复,使译文优美,同时也更符 合英语表达习惯。
3)重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词: 英语定语从句常用关系词引导,一方面代 表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词,一方面 在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系 词,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。 Thank you for your help, which enabled me to get out of difficulty.
It is our duty to rebuild and defend homeland. 重建家园,保卫家园,是我们的责任。 A good play serves to educate and inspire people. 一出好戏可以教育人民,鼓舞人民。 Common and recurrent diseases have among other things been investigated and studied. 对常见病和多发病特别进行了调查和研究。 The policies of opening to the outside world and at home 对外开放政策和对内开放政策
她父亲是一位有名望的教授,但我没有从
她父亲身上看到任何故作姿态的学者派头。
英语中强调关系代词或强调关系副词:
whoever, whenever,wherever等,汉译 时尽量用重复法。例如:
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 谁犯法,谁就该受到惩罚。 Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution. 哪里有残酷的压迫,哪里就有革命 Whenever you are free, please come and have a talk. 你什么时候有空,就什么时候来说说话。
“Some…others”的句式,可汉译成谓 语重复形式的“的”字结构,也可译 成“有的…有的”。例如:
Some were reading novels, others were chatting.
有的在看小说,有的在聊天。
Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 上大学的上大学,下乡的下乡。(有的…有的) On Sundays, some review their lessons and others go window-shopping.
水可由能量来分解,所谓能量也就是电流。
4)重复代词:
英语为了避免重复,常使用代词来替代前面 出现的名词, 因此, 汉译时常把代词所替代 的名词加以重复,以达到明确的目的。例: He is your friend and mine, too. 他是你的朋友,也是我的朋友。 This is my viewpoint, but not theirs. 这是我的观点,不是他们的观点。 Happy families also have their own troubles. 幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。
他们要求得到承诺,而这些承诺要在一周内兑现。
英语中的同位语,在汉译有时也可重复先行词。
Here
comes his girlfriend, a very pretty and sweet girl.
他女朋友来了。他女朋友可是个漂亮女孩。
Water
can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.
杰克很快学会了中国人的语言,适应了中国
不同的文体所用的语言也不一样。政论
性文章与科技文章不同,新闻报道和文 学作品不同,书面材料和口头报告不同。
The
language varies with different genres of writing: a political essay differs from technical writing, a news report is not the same as a literary work, a written article is quite different from oral speech.
复习功课的复习功课,逛街的逛街 。
5)为了精练,英语中常使用省略。为 了明确,英译汉时常常要把省去的内 容重译出来。例如:
我已提前完成了交给我的工作,他也
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
提前完成了交给他的工作。 You can stand on your hands, so can I. 你会倒立,我也会倒立。
2)重复介词短语中所省略的名词:
为了精练,英语中常重复使用介词, 而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省 略,翻译时应该将此名词重复。例: Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 无知是恐惧的根源,也是敬佩的根源。 The story of Shenzhen is a story of development, of reform. 深圳的故事是发展的故事,改革的故事。
她游历甚广,到过伦敦,到过巴黎,到过东
京,到过世界上许多大城市。
People forget your face first, then your name.
人们通常是先忘记别人的脸,然后忘记名字。
Is he a friend or an enemy? 他是个朋友呢,还是个敌人呢?
英语的句子中动词后有介词,在第二
• 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智, 笔记使人准确。
• They lived there for many years. He in front of the mountain, she behind it.
• 他们住在那里已多年了。他住 山前,她住山后。
The
language varies with different genres of writing: a political essay differs from technical writing, a news report is not the same as a literary work, a written article is quite different from oral speech.
性文章与科技文章不同,新闻报道和文 学作品不同,书面材料和口头报告不同。
不同的文体所用的语言也不一样。政论
英语为了避免文章单调乏味,一般情况
下避免重复的出现。语篇的衔接主要依 赖代词、同义词替换。而汉语则不怕重 复,重复并不会给人单调乏味的感觉。
相反,重复是汉语语篇衔接的一种主要手 段。如果使用得当, 重复反而念起来铿镪 有力,起反复强调的作用,增强了美的感 受。这正是汉语修辞的一种手法---排比。
Jesse
opened his eyes which were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛,眼里满是泪水。
感谢你的帮助。正是你的帮助才使得我度过难关。
3)重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词:
They
asked for promises that be cashed in one week.
为了使译文明确具体,英语原文没有重
复,汉译有时采用一种在内容上而不是 形式上重复的手段。例:
He was proficient both as a translator and writer.
他既精于翻译,又擅长写作。
Jack quickly learned the language and customs of the Chinese.
次﹑第三次往往只用介词而省略动词, 在译文中往往要重复动词以代替英语 中重复的介词。例:
They talked about his hometown, about his family, about his work and about his future.
他们谈到他的家乡,谈到他的家庭,谈到
他的工作,还谈到他的前程。
使用原子武器显然违反国际法,特别违反
The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law, especially of the Geneva Convention.
日内瓦协定。
• They forget the democratic centralism which subordinates the minority to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole, and the whole Party to the Central Committee. • 他们忘记了少数服从多数,下级 服从上级,局部服从全体,全党 服从中央的民主集中制。