2019年6月大学英语四级阅读练习题：美国商业
2019年6月大学英语四级真题(第一套)
2019年6月大学英语四级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 m inutes)Section AThe center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions.Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand 33 ofself-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34,California, home of Silicon Valley,recently proposed farmore 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bid B)contrast C)deputy D)dominance E) fleets F) knots G) legislation I)replaceJ) represent k) restrictive L) reward M) significant N)sponsor O) transmittedSection BHow Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A.Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians（百岁老人）.Worldwide,Probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B.Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public financesgiven the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years.It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C.Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier forlonger, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60”or “40 the new 30.”If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D.But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at whichpeople make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, havingchildren, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone(里程碑)had shifted to age 29.E.While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surelya growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Optionsare more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterizedthe beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F.Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financialreasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G.And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing.Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H.The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education,administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates oftechnological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.A.It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve intomultiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creatinga better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understandingoptions more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on makinga social Contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to differentcities, and provide Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find tim rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times,t hese breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K）A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L）These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M）With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N）Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section C Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow（誓约）, couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,”said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce overthe period studied. The incidence of new chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,”Karraker said.“They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the noes who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,”Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,”she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’s relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives’health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong”name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51.How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A)Unwanted.B)Unhappy.C)Confused.D)Indifferent.52.What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A)It is related to the way our memories work.B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in exten ded families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become w orn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fromChinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读练习题：美国商业
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读200篇汇总President Coolidge's statement, "The business of America is business," still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government,even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important,or even more important,than democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based onfamily background. Business is therefore viewed as and expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1. The statement "The business of America is business" probably means"________".A. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB. Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC. Business is of primary concern to AmericansD. America is a great power in world business2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only_____ .A. when given equality of opportunityB. through doing businessC. by protecting their individual freedomD. by way of competition3. Who can benefit from business competition?A. Honest businessmen.B. Both businessmen and their customers.C. People with ideals of equality and freedomD. Both business institutions and government.4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ____.A. its absolute control of powerB. its function in preserving personal freedomC. its role in protecting basic American valuesD. its democratic way of exercising leadership5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____ .A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB. in many countries success often depends on one's social statusC. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America1.[C] 词义理解题。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题试卷(二)(题后含答案及解析)
2019年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words out no more than 180 words.正确答案： A Visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary School Received a Warm Welcome A two-day visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary School organized by the Student Union of our university has been completed as scheduled this weekend on May 15 and 16. Aiming at fostering college students’serving awareness and helping pupils of rural areas better understand the colorful college life so as to motivate them to study harder, Student Union organized an activity named “ a trip of love seed”. A team of 30 college students participated in this trip to Fanhai Hope Elementary School. Located in the countryside of Changqing, Shandong Province, the school has a total number of 156 students. The visit was warmly welcomed by all the students and staff of Fanhai. Then a range of colorful activities were carried out, such as interactions among students about the fascinating college life, a visit to the school art show of students’works of paintings and handicrafts, and teaching activities focusing on showing the magical science world to the pupils. Both the pupils and our college students were actively involved in all these brilliant activities. And the headmaster of Fanhai spoke highly of this trip as well as the devotion, enthusiasm and creativity of our students.解析：纵观近几年的大学英语四级写作，应用文是热门趋势，本次考试要求写新闻报道，虽在意料之外，但冷静分析，参观希望小学的题材依然是考生能够驾驭的。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案详解
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案详解(第一套)Part I Writing (25 minutes)(请于正式开考半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2019英语四级阅读理解练习题(三)
2019英语四级阅读理解练习题（三）When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought isfaulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or h er complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible,but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the rightone is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take theseller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.1. When a consumer finds that his or her in it, thefirst thing he or she should do is to ____.A) complain personally to the managerB) threaten to take the matter to courtC) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchaseD) show some written proof of the purchase to the store2. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage?A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item.B) Threaten to take the seller to court.C) Make polite and general statements about the problem.D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.3. According to the passage, which of the following is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?A) Complain to the store manager in person.B) Complain to the manufacturer.C) Write a complaint letter to the manager.D) Turn to the Consumers’ Rights Protection Organization for help.4. The phrase “live up to” in this context means ____.。
2019年6月四级长篇阅读(全)(10)
45C people living a longer and healthier
2019 年 6 月四级长篇阅读
长篇阅读 1 Make stuff, fail , and learn while you 36E a maker space is where 37L the teacher ’ s role is enhanced 38H coming up with an idea of 39F contrary to structured learning 40A America is a nation known for 41J making will be boring 42G making can be related to a project 43N the author suggests incorporating the idea 44D the maker concept is a modern 45I making is not taken
39N Because of their longer lifespan
40A many more people will be expected
41K A longer life will cause
42H fast technological change makes
43F many people may not
长篇阅读 3
How work will change when most of us live to 100
36I an extended lifespan in the future
37G just extending one
’ s career
大学英语四级阅读理解训练：商业专利.doc
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：商业专利Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its one-click online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In Bilski , as the case is known , is a very big deal, says DennisD. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face; because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, moveestablished companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should reconsider its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for inventions that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are reacting to the anti-patient trend at the supreme court, says Harole C.wegner, a patent attorney and professor at Jorge Washington University Law School.1. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization2. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.3. The word about-face most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity4. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks5. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents参考答案及解析1、选C. 细节推理题。
2019四级阅读理解专项练习题(17)
2019 四级阅读理解专项练习题(17)Early in the age of affluence （富裕） that followed World WarII, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption... .We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies —Japan and the United States —show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense thattheir world of plenty is somehow hollow —that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of overconsumption —poverty —isno solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed （被剥夺得一无所有的） peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads （游牧民族） turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, weare left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support?When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?1. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .A.led to the reform of the retailing systemB.resulted in the worship of consumerismC.gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismD.gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers2. Apart from enormous productivity, another importantimpetus to high consumptionisA. the people's desire for a rise in their living standardsB.the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consumeC.the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals3. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A.Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B. Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.C. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.4. According to the passage, consumerist culture .A.will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB.will not aggravate environmental problemsC.cannot thrive on a fragile economyD.cannot satisfy human spiritual needs 5. It can beinferred from the passage that .A. human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB. whether high consumption should be encouraged isstill an issueC. how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemD.there is never an end to satisfying people's material needs。
2019 年 06 月英语四级阅读真题(第二套)
2019 年 06 ⽉真题（第⼆套）⼥性与领导⼒ Women and LeadershipAccording to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good as men.The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom.And according to a new survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States?According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It's also not all about work-life balance.Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for political leaders ⼤部分美国⼈认为，⼥性和男性⼀样有能⼒成为优秀的政治领袖。
大学英语四级阅读理解训练：美国经济体系.doc
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：美国经济体系The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen. striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by sellerproducers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producingmore of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers. which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In Line 7, Para. 1, the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes means ________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanizedproduction[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profits答案：DDAC。
2019大学英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(4).doc
2019 大学英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(4) Passage TwoQuestions 61 to65 are based on thefollowingpassage.Here’s a case study for would -be MBAs to consider ：thesuccess of H Mart.an international supermarket chain based inNew Jersey(the “H”in H Mart stands for Han Ah Reum.whichmeans“one arm full of groceries ”in Korean).Tlle first HMart opened in Queens ，New York in 1982 ，as a corner shop.Nowthere are stores in 11 states ，Canada and Britain.A new onerecently opened in Cambridge.Massachusetts ，an affluent city outside Boston.The future looks bright for Asian supermarkets like HMart.Eamings of Asian-American households outpace theAmerican average.Their spending exceeds all other groups ，too ，according to Geoscape ，a consultancy.And they spend more oftheir money on groceries than the average Americahousehold.But Asian delicacies can be hard to come by ：fewAmericans are likely to see durian or bamboo shoots in theirlocal shop.Some specialty ingredients are only to be found ata premium( 高价)in up-market grocery stores ，or miles away,inethnic markets in older Asian neighborhpods.Americans have developed greater appetite for cookingand eating Asian foods ，t00.In 2012 non.restaurant sales ofAsian foods topped $1.5 billion ，according to Mintel Group.amarket.research firm.Though Latin foods are a bigger market ，the popularity of Asian foods is growing faster.Oncestrange.seeming imports like seaweed and sashimi are nowfashionable eats.Though the rate of growth is expected tofall ，sales are likely to keep rising.Yet most Asian grocers have not made efforts to reachnew customers ，says Jeffrey Cohen ，an analyst at IBIS World,an industries watcher.Many shops are located inminority enclaves ，and do little to market themselves toother Americans.Cramped car parks and dingy interiors fendoff customers used to the bright fluorescence( 荧光)of mainstream supermarkets.Ingredients labeled with poorly-translated English Can leave shoppers bamed.A few Asian grocery chains have caught on ，opening stores in more diverse suburbs ，paying attention to cosmetic niceties( 细节)and marketing more widely.Other than H Mart ，there are Califomian chains such as 99 Ranch Market and Shun Fat Supermarket ，which have been expanding to the American southwest.The former was even featured in a humorous YouTube music vide —“Asians Eat Weird Things ”—which has attracted more than 900 ，000 hits.Those weird things may not seem so weird after all.61.What makes the future ofAsian supermarkets so bright?A.High income and spending ofAsian-AmeriCalls.B. High income ofAsians and unreachable Asian foods inlocal American shops.C.High expenditures of Asians on grocery.D.Low earnings of the other groups.62.What are the benefits ofAmericans ’growing appetite for Asian foods?A. The increasing sales and popularity ofAsian foods.B.The expansion of Latin food market.C.The growing fondness of cooking.D.The AmeriCans’good cooking skills ofAsian foods.63.Whhat are the reasons for the unreachability ofAsian groceries to Americans?A. AmeriCans ’dislike to Asian foods.B. Asians ’unwillingness to do business with AmeriCans.C. The poor shopping environment and confusing English introduction of the goods.D. Americans ’dislike to the English introduction of the goods.64.What do Asian do to develop their groceries?A. Open stores in suburbs and improve shopping environment.B. Market shops to more AmeriCans.C. Make use of the mass media.D.All ofthe above.65.What call be inferred fi'om this passage?n supermarkets will become more and more popular.B. Latin foods are less popular than Asian foods.C.Americans’incomes are lower than the Asians ’.D.H Mart is all American international supermarket chain.61.What makes the future ofAsian supermarkets so bright?什么因素使得亚洲超市的未来一片光明?A.High income and spending ofAsian —Americans. 亚裔美国人的高收入及高开支。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读练习题：隐患丛生的好莱坞
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读练习题：隐患丛生的好莱坞，其中阅读理解是考生复习的重点和难点，日常备考多做一些英文阅读，下面是无忧考网四六级频道为大家整理的《2019年6月大学英语四级阅读练习题：隐患丛生的好莱坞》一文，希望给大家带来帮助。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读200篇汇总Hollywood Has Disquiet On The SetHollywood is on the edge of a nervous breakdown1. Worried about an industry wide writers strike, struck by a series of theater-chain bankruptcies, burdened with unreasonable corporate profit, requirements and seemingly incapable of producing consistently2 creative movies, the American film industry is in an intensive period of soul-searching. There s little doubt it will survive this crisis. Butmost insiders agree there is disease at both ends of the business —where films are conceived, and where they re shown —that may take years to overcome.While boasting annual box-office revenue increases for nine straight years, largely due to increased ticket prices, the number of actual tickets sold has declined for the second year in a row. The construction boom has added nearly 10, 000 theaters ( more than 200, 000 more seats) in the last five years. But due to a static audience base, eight major chains have gone into bankruptcy and several others are in dreadful financial straits.In effect, insiders say, Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in. There s general problem in that the companies that have the most consistent output of material are least interested in what they re making, says former 20 th Century Fox CEO3 Bill. And, Bill adds, We re in a period where movies are getting bigger and more costly and less interesting and fulfilling to an audience.Today the studios are under the stress to increase profit margins for their corporate parents, and profit margins are hard to control in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys. Other business can increase profits by cutting costs —buying cheaper material, or making the candy bar smaller4 . Not Hollywood.What we re cutting is risk, says the head of one major studio, who asked not to be named, And risk is what great film has always demanded. While the studios are avoiding risky concepts, their rivals in the home entertainment business have been furiously expanding the boundaries of the imagination. It was this pressure —in electronic games, the Internet, EVDs —that forced the movie theater chains into a self-destructive frenzy of expansion.Seduced by easy access to loans during the go-go5 economy of the mid to late 1990s, the chains plunged intodebt in a feverish effort to be first on the block with the biggest 158 theatres. In five years, the number of U. S. screens expanded from 27, 000 to more than 37, 000 .It s going to take three or four years for the complete recovery of the business, says Kurt Hall, president of the United Artists Theater Circuit. It will take that long to get the number of screens down to a healthy level. The closer we get to 30, 000 the better off we ll be.练习题：Ⅰ. Complete the summary of the passage:Hollywood is on the 1 of nervous breakdown. It was struck by theater-chain2 , burdened with 3 corporate profit, requirements, 4 of producing 5 creative movies. Most insidersallege that both ends of the business have disease. The annual box-office revenue increases because of the 6 ticket prices. The number of actual tickets sold has 7 for the second year in a row. In the last five years 8 theaters has set up. Given the limited audience base, eight major chains have gone 9 bankruptcy and several others are in 10 11 .Ⅱ. Questions:1. Why Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in?2. Why the studio is under stress? In what way is it different from other business?答案：Ⅰ. 1. edge 2. bankruptcies 3. unreasonable 4 . incapable 5. consistently 6. increased 7. declined 8. 10, 000 9 . into 10 . financial 11. straitsⅡ. 1. Because nowadays movies are getting bigger and more costly and less interesting and fulfilling to an audience.2. They have to increase profit for their corporate parents and profit margins are hard to control in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys. Other business can increase profits by cutting costs —buying cheaper material, but Hollywood can’t.参考译文：隐患丛生的好莱坞好莱坞已处在崩溃的边缘。
2019年大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题(3)
2019年大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题(3)Section BDirections： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a para'graph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Green GrowthA． The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What willhappen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3billion in 2050, as demographers(人口统计学家) expect, and a growing proportion of these people can'afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity?B .Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Western-centfic approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled (富有的) NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable.C． A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) identifies 16 emerging-marketfirms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies (which the study calls "the new sustainability champions") are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West.D． The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitationsof resources, labor and infrastructure) into opportunities. Thus, India's Shree Cement, which has tong suffered from water shortages, developed the world's most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage andillegal tapping, from 63% in 1997 to 12% in 2010 by making water affordable for the poor.Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese aquaculture (水产养殖) company, recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops.E.Setting green goals is a common practice. Sekem, an Egyptian food producer, set itself the task of reclaiming ( 开垦) desert land through organic farming. Florida Ice & Farm, a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adoptedstrict standards for the amount of water it can consume in producing drinks.F.These firms measure themselves by their greenery, too. Florida Ice & Farm, for example, links 60% of its boss's payto the triple bottom line of "people, planet and profit". The sustainability champions also encourage their workers to come up with green ideas. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company, gives bonuses to staff who find ways to reduce the firm's impact on the environment. Masisa, a Chilean forestry company, invites employees to "imagine unimaginable businesses" aimedat poorer consumers. Woolworths, a South African retailer, claims that many of its best green ideas have come from staff, not bosses.G.In emerging markets it is hard for companies to stickto one specialism, because they have to worry about so many wider problems, from humble infrastructure to unreliablesupply chains. So the sustainability champions seek to shape the business environment in which they operate. They lobby(游说) regulators： Grupo Balbo, a Brazilian organic-sugar producer, is working with the Brazilian government toestablish a certification system for organic products. They form partnerships with governments and NGOs. Kenya's Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The International Fund for Agricultural Development to reduce its risks when lending to smallholders. Natura has worked withits suppliers to produce sustainable packaging, including a new "green" plastic derived from sugar cane.H. The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term profits to create future markets. Masisa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low-income furniture buyers. Broad Group has developed a miniature device for measuringair pollution that can fit into mobile phones. JainIrrigation, an Indian maker of irrigation systems, uses danceand song to explain the benefits of drip irrigation tofarmers who can't read. Suntech, a Chinese solar-power company, has established a low- carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions.Rich became green, or green became rich?I.One could quibble (争辩)with BCG's analysis. Phil Rosenzweig of Switzerland's IMD business school has arguedthat management writers are prone to "the halo effect"： they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has discovered some eternal principle of good management. Thefact that some successful companies have embraced greenery does not prove that greenery makes a firm successful. Some firms, having prospered, find they can afford to splurge ( 挥霍) on greenery. Some successful firrns pursue greenery for public-relations purposes. And for every sustainable emerging champion, there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by belching ( 喷出 ) fumes into the air or pumping toxins into rivers.J.Nonetheless, the central message of the WEF-BCG study--that some of the best emerging-world companies are combining profits with greenery--is thought-provoking. Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich-world luxury： that the poor need adequate food before they need super-clean air. Some even see greenery as a rich-world conspiracy ( 阴谋)：the West grew rich by industrializing (and polluting ), but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit. The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown. Emerging-world companies can be just as green as theirWestern rivals. Many have found that, when natural resourcesare scarce and consumers are cash-strapped ( 资金短缺的 ), greenery can be a lucrative(利润丰厚的) business strategy.46. An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines with power.47. Many critics of environmentalism hold the view that greenery is a rich-world luxury because that's not what the poor people badly want.48. Workers of the sustainability champions are motivated to bring forward green ideas.49. It is meaningful to study what successful companies inthe emerging world are doing to achieve more sustainable growth, since most people live there.50. It's difficult for companies in emerging markets to keep focusing on one specific problem because they have many wider problems to worry about.51. Although some successful firms have embraced greenery, it doesn't mean that greenery will lead to the success of a firm.52. It will probably be easier for companies to follow the home-grown ideas than those invented in the West.53. It has been found that greenery can be profitable when natural resources are scarce and consumers are short of cash.54. Sekem, which produces food in Egypt, set a goal toreclaim desert land through organic farming.55. To create future markets, the firms also make effort to reach and educate poor consumers, often at the cost of short-term profits.【参考译文】绿色增长A．以前的贫穷国家变得富足是我们这个时代最令人振奋的发展了。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读练习题：美国商业
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读200篇汇总
President Coolidges statement, "The business of America is business," still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself,
it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government,even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important,or even more important,than democracy in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based onfamily background. Business is therefore viewed as and expression of the idea of equality of
opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question：
1. The statement "The business of America is business" probably means"________".
A. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
B. Business problems are of great importance to the American government
C. Business is of primary concern to Americans。