常压塔设计论文

常减压装置中常压塔设计

摘要

塔设备是化工，石油化工和炼油生产中最重要的设备之一。塔设备是大部分机械专业理论学习的重点设备，也是化工厂中常见的设备。随着石油，化工生产的迅速发展，塔设备在石油化工生产中投入所占的比例越来越大，占到大概百分之五十的比例。塔设备的性能，整个装置的产品产量，质量，生产能力和消耗定额，以及三废处理和环境保护方面都有重要意义。因此选择沥青装置常压塔设计。

本文是以专业知识为基础，对六十万吨每年氧化沥青装置常压塔进行的设计计算，该塔可以在常压，一百五十摄氏度温度下工作。该塔设备为浮阀塔，优点是生产能力高，操作弹性大，气液流动阻力较小，塔板效率较高，但浮阀装卸清洗较困难，造价高，总体来讲综合性能较好，可以在工业上得到普遍应用。塔设备的设计具有很强的综合性，尤其在塔的高度较高时，要注意考虑高振型以及横风向风振对塔设备的影响。当前板式塔应该以处理能力为第一目标，传质效率为第二目标，开发的重点集中在降液管结构改进，塔板空间合理利用，气液分散结构优化以及降低成本等方面的改进。

关键词: 常压塔；沥青装置；浮阀

Design of atmospheric tower

Abstract

Tower equipment in chemical, petrochemical and oil refining production is one of the most important equipment .Tower equipment is key equipment which learned by most mechanical engineering, but also common equipment in chemical factory. With the rapid development of petroleum, chemical production, tower equipment in petrochemical production input accounted for an increasingly large proportion about fifty percent. Performance, the entire device product yield, quality, production and consumption, and waste treatment and environmental protection of tower equipment has important significance. So asphalt unit atmospheric distillation tower design is the choice.

This paper is based on the professional knowledge as the basis, to design and calculate of six hundred thousand tons per year of asphalt oxidation device atmospheric tower, which at atmospheric pressure, one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius temperature. The tower equipment for the float valve tower, has the advantages of high production capacity, high operating flexibility, which gas-liquid flow resistance is small and the plate efficiency is higher, but handling and cleaning float valve is more difficult and costs more, generally speaking, the float valve tower, which comprehensive performance is good, can be widely applied in industry. Tower equipment design has the very strong comprehensive, especially in the height of the tower is high, and paying attention to high vibration mode and crosswind vibration that has a influence on tower equipment is a must. The current tower should take to processing capacity as the first goal, the mass transfer efficiency as second goal, focus in improvement of structure of down comer plate, reasonable use in plate space, optimization of gas-liquid dispersion structure, cost reduction and other improvements.

Keywords: atmospheric tower；device for asphalt；float valv

目录

1.说明部分 (1)

1.1 塔设备在化工生产中的作用和地位 (1)

1.2 设计概述 (1)

1.3 对塔设备的要求 (2)

1.4 塔设备的分类 (3)

1.5 塔设备的构造 (3)

1.6 板式塔的分类 (5)

1.7 塔选型 (6)

1.8 选材 (8)

2.设计计算部分 (8)

2.1 设计条件 (8)

2.2 设备材料的选取，设计参数的确定 (8)

2.3 筒体和封头的强度计算 (9)

2.3.1 筒体厚度 (9)

2.3.2 封头厚度 (9)

2.3.3 水压试验校核 (9)

2.4 塔器质量计算 (10)

2.5 塔的自振周期计算 (11)