适用于电力系统全过程动态仿真的风电机组典型模型_刘涛

第39卷第3期电网技术V ol. 39 No. 3 2015年3月Power System Technology Mar. 2015

文章编号：1000-3673（2015）03-0609-06 中图分类号：TM 721 文献标志码：A 学科代码：470·4051

适用于电力系统全过程动态仿真的

风电机组典型模型

刘涛1，戴汉扬1，宋新立1，仲悟之1，侯俊贤1，叶小晖1，张爽2

（1．中国电力科学研究院，北京市海淀区 100192；

2．宁夏电力科学研究院，宁夏回族自治区银川市 750001）

A Typical Wind Power Generation Set Model of Suitable for Full Dynamic Simulation of

Power Grid

LIU Tao1, DAI Hanyang1, SONG Xinli1, ZHONG Wuzhi1, HOU Junxian1, YE Xiaohui1, ZHANG Shuang2

(1. China Electric Power Research Institute, Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China;

2. Ningxia Electric Power Research Institute, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China)

ABSTRACT: The stochastic fluctuation of the output of wind power generation brings adverse impacts on both planning and operation of power grid. In allusion to the defects in the model used in domestic wind power generation simulation, including insufficient accuracy of electromechanical transient simulation results and lacking of the model for medium- and long-term dynamic simulation, a typical wind power generation set model suitable for full dynamic simulation of power grid is established. Since the generator model and converter control model that can reflect the electromechanical transient characteristic of wind power generator set and low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) control strategy and protection model as well as the wind speed fluctuation and active power control model that can reflect the medium- and long-term dynamic characteristics of wind power are included in the established model, so using the established model the electromechanical transient characteristics of wind power generation sets, especially the operating characteristic during the LVRT process can be accurately simulated; by means of presetting the input of wind speed fluctuation, both the output variation of wind power generation set in a long-term and its impact on power grid can be accurately simulated. Comparing simulation results of actual large-scale power grid by the proposed wind power generation set model with the measured data of the same large-scale power grid, the effectiveness of the proposed wind power generation set model in the electromechanical transient simulation and in the medium- and long-term dynamic simulation is validated.

KEY WORDS: electromechanical transient characteristics;

基金项目：国家863高技术基金项目(2011AA05A103)；国家电网

公司科技项目资助(SGHB0000KXJS1400040)。

The National High Technology Research and Development of China (863 Program)(2011AA05A103).medium- and long-term dynamic simulation; converter control; low voltage ride-through control strategy; wind volatility fluctuation model; active power control model

摘要：风电的随机波动性给电网的规划运行带来了不利的影响。针对目前国内在风电仿真分析时使用的模型所存在的问题，包括机电暂态特性仿真不够准确且缺乏中长期动态仿真等，建立了适用于电力系统全过程动态仿真的典型风电机组模型。该模型包括反映风电机电暂态特性的发电机和换流器控制模型、低电压穿越控制策略和保护模型，以及反映风电中长期动态特性的风速波动和有功控制模型。该模型能够对风电机组机电暂态特性，特别是低电压穿越过程的运行特性进行准确地仿真；通过设置风速波动输入，能够较准确地模拟风电机组出力的长时间变化过程及其对电网造成的影响。通过与大电网实测数据的仿真对比，验证了风电机组模型在机电暂态和中长期动态仿真中的有效性。

关键词：机电暂态特性；中长期动态仿真；换流器控制；低电压穿越控制策略；风速波动模型；有功控制模型

DOI：10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2015.03.004

0 引言

随着风电装机容量的不断增加，大规模风电场并网将给电网的运行调度带来巨大压力，与其相关的局部电网稳定性、无功电压及低频振荡等问题不容忽视[1-4]；且由于风电的间歇性和不确定性，其大规模接入系统后，系统调频调峰及动态电压稳定性问题将变得突出[5-6]。

电力系统数字仿真技术是分析和掌握风电特性、提高源网协调性能的重要技术手段。风电机组中的换流器采用的电力电子器件具有快速的响应特性，而从分钟级以上的时间尺度看，风电的动力