计算机信息技术复习题

1、叙述信息的概念特征及信息与数据的关系。

3、试述系统的概念与特性，结合谈一谈你对系统工程的理解。

4、试述信息系统的概念及特征。

2、说明结构化生命周期法的基本原理。

3、结构化生命周期法包括哪些阶段？各阶段的主要任务是什么？4、快速原型法的基本原理是什么？运用该方法的前提是什么？可行性研究的步骤是什么？包括哪些内容？结构化生命周期法对所在学校的学生成绩管理系统进行系统开发。

结构化生命周期法对所在学校的排课管理系统进行系统开发。

系统设计的主要任务是什么？它能为下一步的系统实现工作提供什么作用？根据自己掌握的知识，谈谈界面设计的重要性。

系统实现阶段的主要任务是什么？与其它阶段有什么关系？系统维护的内容有哪些？5.系统评价有哪些指标要求？在评价中要注意什么问题？6.什么是CMM？叙述其体系结构.What is BPR？Explain the method of PIECES.What is FRMF？总体框架结构What is information systems analysis and design？Systems analysis and design is the complex organizational process whereby computer-based information systems are developed and operated. Systems analysis and design is a method used by companies,to create and maintain information systems that perform basic business functions such as keeping track of customer names and addresses,processing orders,and paying employees.The main goal of systems analysis and design is to improve organizational systems..Explain the different phases in the systems development life cycle.The systems development life cycle has four phases.The first phase in the SDLC,systems planning and selection,has two primary activities.First,someone identifies the need for a new or enhanced system.The second task is toinvestigate the system and determine the proposed system’s scope.The second phase of the systems development life cycle is systems analysis.During this phase,the analyst thoroughly studies the organization’s current procedures and the information systems used to perform tasks such as general ledger,shipping,order entry,machine scheduling,and payroll.The third phase of the systems development life cycle is systems design.During systems design,analysts convert the description of the recommended alternative solution into logical and then physical system specifications.You must design all aspects of the system from input and output screens to reports,databases,and computer processes.The final phase of the systems development life cycle is systems implementation and operation.During systems implementation and operation,you turn system specifications into a working system that is tested and then put into use.Implementation includes coding,testing,and installation.What is decomposition？coupling? cohension?Decomposition is the process of breaking down a system into its smaller components. Coupling means that subsystems are dependent on each other.Cohesion is the extent to which a subsystem performs a single function..Describe the activities performed by the project manager during project initiation,project planning,project execution and project closedown.To manage the project,the project manager must execute four primary activities: project initiation,project planning,project execution and project closedown.The focus of project initiation is on assessing the size,scope,and complexity of a project and establishing procedures to support later project activities. The focus of project planning is on defining clear,discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity. The focus of project execution is on putting the plans developed in project initiation and planning into action.Project closedown focuses on bringing the project to an end.The four steps of the systems development life cycle：planning and selection analysis ，design，and mplementation and operation 。

Most feasibility factors fall into the following six categories：economic ，operational ，technical ，schedule ，legal and contractual and political。

.What is feasibility study？List and describe various methods for assessing projectfeasibility.A feasibility study,conducted by the project manager,involves determining if the information system makes sense for the organization from an economic and operational standpoint. Assessing project feasibility can include an examination ofeconomic,operational,technical,schedule,legal and contractual,and political aspects of project.This assessment is influenced by the project size,the type of system proposed,and the collective experience of the development group and potential customers of the system.High project costs and risks are not necessarily bad;rather it is more important that the organization understands the costs and risks associated with a project and with the portfolio of active projects before proceeding.Describe the steps involved when identifying and selecting projects and initiating and planning projects.Project identification and selection consists of three primary activities:identifying potential development projects,classifying and ranking projects,and selecting projects for development. A variety of organizational members or units can be assigned to perform this process including top management,a diverse steering committee,business units and functional managers,the development group,or the most senior IS executive.Potential projects can be evaluated and selected using a broad range of criteria such as value chain analysis,alignment with business strategy,potential benefits,resource availability and requirements,and risks.Project initiation and planning is a critical activity in the life of a project.At this point projects are accepted for development,rejected as infeasible,or redirected. The objective of this process is to transform a vague system request into a tangible system description,clearly outlining the objectives,feasibility issues,benefits,costs,and time schedules for the project.Project initiation includesforming the project initiation team,establishing customer relationships,developing a plan to get the project started,setting project management procedures,and creating an overall project management environment.After project initiation,project planning focuses on assessing numerous feasibility issues associated with the project in order to create a clear statement of wok and project plan.How BPR affects requirements determination.BPR efforts are a source of new information requirements. Information systems and technologies often enable BPR by allowing an organization to eliminate or relax constraints on traditional business rules.Design, distribute, and analyze questionnaires to determine system requirements.Open-ended and closed-ended questions can be used on questionnaires, the same as with interviews. Questionnaires tend to be much more specific than interviews. They also have to be carefully designed and tested because their designer will typically not be there when thequestionnaire is answered by a respondent. There are also several methods for distributing questionnaires and for dealing with the bias introduced through nonresponse.8. What are the general guidelines for collecting data through analyzing documents?These include organizational mission statements, business plans, organization charts, business policy manuals, job descriptions, internal and external correspondence, and reports from prior organizational studies.9.What can the analysis of documents tell you about the requirements for a new system?In documents you can find information aboutProblems with existing systems (e.g., missing information or redundant steps)Opportunities to meet new needs if only certain information or information processing were available (e.g., analysis of sales based on customer type)Organizational direction that can influence information system requirements (e.g., trying to link customers and suppliers more closely to the organization)Titles and names of key individuals who have an interest in relevant existing systems (e.g., the name of a sales manager who has led a study of buying behavior of key customers)Values of the organization or individuals who can help determine priorities for different capabilities desired by different users (e.g. maintaining market share even if it means lower short-term profits)Special information processing circumstances that occur irregularly that may not be identified by any other requirements determination technique (e.g., special handling needed for a few very large-volume customers and that requires use of customized customer ordering procedures)The reason why current systems are designed as they are, which can suggest features left out of current software that may now be feasible and desirable (e.g., data about a customer's purchase of competitors' products not available when the current system was designed; these data now available from several sources)Data, rules for processing data, and principles by which the organization operates that must be enforced by the information system (e.g., each customer assigned exactly one sales department staff member as primary contact if customer has any questions)What are enterprise resource planning systems? What are the benefits and disadvantages of such systems as a design strategy?Enterprise resource planning systems are complete software solutions, called enterprise solutions or resource planning (ERP) systemsThe benefits of the enterprise so1utions approach include a single repository of data for all aspects of a business process and the flexibility of the modules．A single repository ensures more consistent and accurate data，as well as less maintenance．The modules are very flexible because additional modules can be added as needed once the basic system is in place．Added modules are immediately integrated into the existing system．There are also disadvantages to enterprise so1utions software．The systems are very complex，So implementation can take a long time to complete．Organizations typically do not have the necessary expertise in-house to implement the systems，so they must rely on consultants or employees of the software vendor，which can be vary expensive .In some cases，Organizations must change how they do business in order to benefit from a shift toward enterprise so1utions．The project management process involves four phases: initiating the project 、Planning the project 、 executing the project and closing down the project 。