统计过程控制简介

Redesign
Enter Start Date Here
我们需要解释数据的方法
We Need Ways to Interpret Data
每天我们都被数据淹没,而且不得不作出决定
Every day we are flooded by data and we are forced to make decisions
我们管理数据的方式－过去(历史 来讲)的方式
The Way We Manage Data – Historically
痛苦,受累
Pain & Suffering
不用管它,不会坏的
Leave It Alone.It Ain’t Broke
痛苦,受累
Pain & Suffering
客户需求下限
Lower “Customer” Requirement
Introduce various types of Control Charts

讨论如何解释控制图
Discuss the interpretation of Control Charts
Project Tracker
Project Hopper and Sponsor Role
Revision
3 2 1 J F M Hale Waihona Puke Baidu M J J A S O N No more “Nice Guy”不再充好人了
1996
Derived from Understanding Variation: The Key To Managing Chaos, Donald J. Wheeler, SPC Press. 1993.
１９９６年１１月
NOVEMBER 1996
• 废品率上升到２．６％
Scrap rises to a value of 2.6%
• 经理决定采取行动 Manager decides to take action • 召开一个“特别会议”来寻求一个永久性的解决方案
A “special meeting” is called to solve this problem once and for all.
Scrap Level (%)废品率
Manager concludes: “Tough Love Makes Things Happen”
3 2 1 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J 1996 1997
Derived from Understanding Variation: The Key To Managing Chaos, Donald J. Wheeler, SPC Press. 1993.
MSA
MBB Review
Measure
21/01/2004 Initial Capability Study 04/02/2004 11/02/2004 Improvements Defined 25/02/2004 09/03/2004 Contract Approval 09/03/2004 09/03/2004
工厂产量下降４％
Plant’s Output Decreases By 4%
美国贸易赤字增加４００亿
US Trade Deficit Rises By $40Billion
某公司获利比上季度降低２．４亿
Company X’s Earnings Are Off $240Million From Previous Quarter
目的
Objectives

连接控制图方法与流程改进方法
Link Control Chart methods to the Process Improvement Methodology TM

讨论不同类型的变差
Discuss different types of variation

介绍各种类型的控制图
What Happens If It Is Bad / Good?
制造业 Manufacturing : _____________________________________ 非制造业 Non-Manufacturing __________________ _________________
Improve
Control Plan
MBB Review
Control
21/06/2004 (Use as required) 29/06/2004 VOC/VOB 29/06/2004 Requirements Analysis 05/07/2004 Process Redesign 09/07/2004 09/07/2004 19/07/2004 Solution Design Redesign map is calculated separately with no dependencies on other block dates
Define
Identify 'Y" and draft charter
Charter Approved C & E Matrix or FTA 30 Day MBB Review Preliminary FMEA or FTA Data Collection Plan for Key "Xs"
Process Map
Scrap Level (%)废品率
3
2
1 J F M A M J 1996
经理希望能将发出去的奖收回来
Manager wants to take back award
Derived from Understanding Variation: The Key To Managing Chaos, Donald J. Wheeler, SPC Press. 1993.
统计流程控制图显示不同的解 释,可为什么呢?
Scrap Level (%)废品率
我们是否应该采取行动？
Should we take action?
今天采集什么样的数据？
What Type Of Data Is Collected Today?
制造业 Manufacturing :
非制造业
Non-Manufacturing
_____________________________________ ___________________________________
客户需求上限
Upper “Customer” Requirement
这一方法
THIS METHOD
告诉你关于客户的需求
Tells you where you are in regards to customer’s needs
不告诉你怎么满足用户需求及下一步怎么办
It will NOT tell you how you got there or what to do next
客户需求上限
Upper “Customer” Requirement
这一方法导致何种管理行为？
This method causes what type of management behavior?
１９９６年４月
APRIL 1996
• 工厂废品率为年度最低的２％
The factory scrap level is at a year low of 2%
• 经理给工厂颁奖
Manager presents an award to the plant
• 在餐厅进行庆祝：每人都可分享免费皮萨饼和饮料
Scrap Level (%)废品率
Ceremony in the cafeteria: pizza and refreshments for all!
• “每人都应为他们的成就骄傲．”
Multi-Vari
MBB Review
Analyze
22/03/2004 Single or Multi Factor Tests (DOE) 15/04/2004 Improvements Implemented 15/04/2004 15/04/2004 15/04/2004 Legend 2/3/02 MBB Review Actual completion date 31/05/2004 31/05/2004 Hand Off Training/Process Owner Sign-off 31/05/2004 Final Capability Study Final FMEA Revised RPN Final Project Presentation & Report Project Sign-off & Closure 2/1/02002 Completion check Planned completion date
1997年6月
JUNE 1997
• 经理看到从去年开始废品率持续下降
Manager has seen reduced scrap levels since the end of last year
• 教训：“严格的管理会出成效！”
The Learning : “A tough management style gets results!”
我们管理数据的方式－历史来讲的方式
The Way We Manage Data – Historically
痛苦,受累
Pain & Suffering
不用管它,不会坏的
Leave It Alone.It Ain’t Broke
痛苦,受累
Pain & Suffering
客户需求下限
Lower “Customer” Requirement
１９９６年６月
JUNE 1996
• 废品率连续三个月持续增长
Three consecutive months of scrap increases.
• 经理希望能将发出去的奖收回来
Manager wishes he could take back the award
• 经理考虑要采取行动了
Manager is thinking about taking action
Review 6 Sigma Databases for like projects
5
Project Start Date:
Data Collection Plan for "Y" Develop Project Schedule
21/01/2004
Project Type Improvement
Launch Charter
“Everyone should be proud of what they’ve accomplished”.
3 2 Celebration Time
1
J F M A 1996
Derived from Understanding Variation: The Key To Managing Chaos, Donald J. Wheeler, SPC Press. 1993.
如何分析数据？
How Is It Analyzed?
制造业 Manufacturing : _____________________________________ 非制造业 Non-Manufacturing ___________________________________
得知数据好坏后该当如何？
将数据置于统计流程控制图中
Putting The Data In A SPC Chart
Scrap Level (%)废品率
UCL 3 2 1 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J 1996 1997 LCL
Derived from Understanding Variation: The Key To Managing Chaos, Donald J. Wheeler, SPC Press. 1993.
• 经理在长篇大论次品率多么重要后离开了．雇员们不知道该干什 么．另外，他们有其他更重要的评估标准．于是，他们什么也没做．
Scrap Level (%)废品率
After a sound lecture on the importance of scrap, the manager leaves. Employees aren’t sure what to do. Besides, they have other metrics which have more importance. So they do nothing.