2020职称英语理工类阅读判断题5：A Dolphin and an Astronomer
职称英语《理工类》阅读判断练习题及答案
XX年职称英语《理工类》阅读判断练习题及答案下面是网为大家的职称英语，希望对大家有所帮助。
The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma ing from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magic fields surrounds our pla. The same magic field that makes your pass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles bee trapped in magic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magic field first gets squeezed and then the magic field lines break and reconnect.The breaking and reconnecting of the magic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glowsviolet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!1. The Sun’s gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned2. The Earth is quite safe with a magic field surrounding it to protect it from the attack by the solar wind.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned3. Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earth’s protective magic field in the future.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned4. The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned5. You cannot see the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned6. Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned7. An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned。
2020年职称英语理工A阅读判断真题及答案
2020年职称英语理工A阅读判断真题及答案阅读判断The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a smallgroup of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with theIndustrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with hisfather at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel.At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge ofthe project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurredin 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejectedall entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however,exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.【题干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】17.【题干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】18.【题干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】20.【题干】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.【选项】A.RightB.Wrong。
2020职称英语《理工类》阅读判断模拟题及参考答案(4)
2020职称英语《理工类》阅读判断模拟题及参考答案（4）Engineering EthicsEngineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation. At Texas A&M University, evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by1 the National Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues into required undergraduate engineering courses. A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas ASM, yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students wishing to learn2 more about the value implications of their actions as professional engineers.The increasing concern for the value dimension3 of engineering is, at least in part, a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster, the Kansas City Hyatt-Regency Hotel walkways collapse, and the Exxon oil spill. As a response to this concern, a new discipline, engineering ethics, is emerging. This discipline will doubtless4 take its place5 alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics.The problem presented by this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduceliterature in engineering ethics into their classrooms. Theyare most comfortable with quantitative concepts6 and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics. Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to introduce discussions on professional ethics, or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material. Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance.练习：1.Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the Uniled States.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2.The number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at Texas A&SM University.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3.The National Science Foundation involves itselfdirectly in writing up material about ethical issues.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4.It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5.Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6.Many engineering professors may not have time toprepare material for class discussion on professional ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7.It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1.C 本文没有述及engineering ethics是一门必修课，也没有提到美国所有的理工院校都开设了这门学科。
2020年职称英语押题理工类阅读判断题及答案
2020年职称英语押题理工类阅读判断题及答案Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other. The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation （SDWF）1 has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon2 using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed3 near the River Shannon.As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those4 from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories5. Of the categories, he found most6 were used by both sets of dolphins7 — but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.“We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves,” project leader Simon Berrow said. “Essentiall y we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make.”Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins' clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. “They do a whole range of oth er sound like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot,” he said. “The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey.”“When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason asthe sperm whales.” Borrow said.References in local legend8 indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century9.They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannonferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year takespecial sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.练习：1. The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. Ronan Hickey analysed almost 2,000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 6. As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1. C 本题所说的意思是宽吻海豚与巨头鲸送食习惯上大相径庭,这个点令科学家很感兴趣。
2020职称英语阅读判断模拟题及答案《理工类》(6)
2020职称英语阅读判断模拟题及答案《理工类》(6)Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics 'boffin' (科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard.While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations(等式)or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响)test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply don't relate to the media's image of the mad scientist.This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers moreattractive. But we must also develop children's interest in science.In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are allinteresting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.1 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduatesA RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in. the futureA RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B。
2020年职称英语《理工类A级》阅读判断练习(4)
2020年职称英语《理工类A级》阅读判断练习（4）Mother Nature Shows Her StrengthTornadoes（龙卷风）and heavy thunderstorms moved acrossthe Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening.：The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel（漏斗状的）cloud was behind him."I stopped the truck and watched the funnelcloud.It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while.It was moving toward Bradley Road andthen suddenly it disappeared."Snyder said.Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday.In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides.Some trees feel onto houses and Cars.Other trees fell into telephone andelectrical wires as they went down.Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began."I knew something was wrong,"she said."I saw the sky go green and pink（粉红色）。
2020年职称英语理工类模拟试题及答案：阅读理解
2020年职称英语理工类模拟试题及答案：阅读理解2020年职称英语理工类模拟试题及答案：阅读理解短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。
请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相对应的位置上。
Newspapers often tell us of floods in some parts of the United States.Nearly every year on the great central drainages heavy rains and melting snow cause the waters to pour out the mountains and plains, to turn brooks into torrents, and to swell quiet streams into wild uncontrolled rivers. From Cairo to New Orleans, and from Pittsburgh to Paducah, the cry "River rising!" is a familiar yet fearful voice. . . When the rivers sometimes become too high or too swift to becontrolled communities are flooded, families flee from their homes, croplands are washed out, and transportation comes to a halt. Hunger, disease, and death follow the wild waters.Although given less publicity, the agricultural damage done by the many smaller, more frequent floods usually far exceeds the losses caused by the very grand ones. In the Central States, ditches and drains cause the flows from spring rains and melting snow to run far more rapidly than in the days before white men settled on the land. Once, excess spring flood waters emptied into lakes and swampy lands, there to be detained for slow release into stream and rivers. Now, systematic drainage has actually eliminated thesenatural reservoirs.In the more rolling sections of the East, spring runoff was formerly absorbed and held temporarily in the poroussoils beneath the unbroken expanse of forest. When large areas were converted to farm use, removal of the forest and the practice of up-and-down hill plowing deprived the soils of much of their ability to catch and store water.The effects of eliminating the natural forest cover are shown in the gullied farm lands and widened stream channels found in some densely settled areas. Partly because the stream channels are more or less filled with material washed down from the uplands, and partly because storm runoff has increased, the channels are today no longer able to carry all the flow from heavy rains. This explains why the streams overtop banks far more often than in the days before settlement.31. The best title for the selection would be______.A. River Rising! River Rising!B. Forests and FloodsC. Flooding in the U. S.D. The Results of Flooding32. All of the following cause floods EXCEPT______.A. heavy rainB. melting snowC. increasing storm runoffD. porous soil33. The author states that______.A. lakes and swamps once acted like natural reservoirsB. up-and-down hill plowing catches and stores waterC. stream channels are the best carriers of waterD. floods are easily prevented and controlled34. According to the selection, streams overtop their banks partly because______.A. material from higher land is washed into themB. ditches and drains lead into themC. rivers become too swiftD. snow melts more rapidly nowadays35. The floods which are given most publicity______.A. cause no damageB. cause the most damageC. cause less agricultural damage than the many smaller, more frequent floodsD. far exceed the smaller, more frequent floods in agricultural lossMobile Phone and DiseasesA study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec(魁北克), said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.The study at Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said.“We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said.Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain's protective shield against harmful substances.The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said.The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable(能透过的), he said.“Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink—not the blood vessels but the cells themselves—and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass. ” he said.Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result.“These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, ad ding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer's disease.“Where the truth is do not know,” he said.Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.36 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phoneaffect one's health? _________A Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.B Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.C Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it.D Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed.37 What's the result of the French study? _________A The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.B Mobile phone may affect one's normal way of thinking.C Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation.D A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.38 What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone? _________A Fatigue.B Headache.C Alzheimer's disease.D Tuberculosis.39 According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone? _________A People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.B People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation.C People will continue to use mobile phone.D There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone.40 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? _________A The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect one's brain.B Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.C Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.D Lszczynski forbid his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research.Electronic Mail (E-mail)During the past few years, scientists the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding-writing, any kind of writing, but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronicmail's surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared data, bulletin boards andelectronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreignroutes known collectively as the Internet, or net.E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time anddistance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication.Jeremy Bernstei, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicist's umbilical cord. Lately other people, too, have been discovering its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon-an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog.”41 The reasons given below about the popularity of E-mail can be found in the passage EXCEPT __________.A direct and reliableB time-saving in deliveryC money-savingD available at any time42 How is the Internet or net explained in the passage? __________A Electronic routes used to read home and international journals.B Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight.C Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping.D Electronic routes connected among millions of users, home and abroad.43 What does the sentence “If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication” most probably mean? __________A The quick speed of correspondence may have ill-effects on discoveries.B Although it does not speed up correspondence, it helps make discoveries.C It quickens mutual communication even if it does not accelerate discoveries.D It shrinks time for communication and accelerates discoveries.44 What does the sentence “On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog.”imply in the last paragraph? __________A Even dogs are interested in the computer.B E-mail has become very popular.C Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.D E-mail deprives dogs of their owners' love.45 What will happen to fax, land mail, overnight mail, etc. according to the writer? __________A Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail.B They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time.C Less and less people will use them.D They will play a supplementary function to E-mail.31. C 3 2. D 3 3. A 3 4. A 35. C36A 37C 38D 39C 40D41 A 42 D 43 C 44 B 45 C相关推荐：相关推荐：。
2020年职称英语《理工类A级》阅读判断练习(5)
2020年职称英语《理工类A级》阅读判断练习（5）Motion SicknessLiving in space looks like lots of fun. You can docertain things in space （like floating around,or pushing huge objects） that you cannot do on earth. But being in space can do things to you,too. If you stay too long in a gravity-free environment,your bones could become weak,and a small spaceship just might annoy you after a while,because space travel could make you seasick！On July 4,1982,after seven days orbiting theearth,astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly and Henry W. Hartsfield returned home. Although not all of the experiments on board worked properly,the flight basically seemed to be a success except for one "little" thing： early in the flight,astronaut Hartsfield became "seasick".Thomas Mattingly,who is also a jet pilot and is highly resistant to motion sickness on earth,did much better. Mattingly sailed through space with a steady stomach. But no one knows why Hartsfield felt uneasy and Mattingly did not.So far it seems there is no reliable way to predict who will become motion sick in outer space and who will not. in all,at least four astronauts have suffered from space motion sickness. Russian and American scientists are working together to try to understand and solve the motion sickness. Space program officials worry that if so many highly-trained pilots get sick in space,what will happen when civiliansstart flying in the shuttle？Motion sickness is a disagreeable feeling that comes from the pitching,rolling,swaying,or just the moving of the object you are riding in or on. Symptoms of motion sickness include：dizziness,headache,a sinking feeling in the stomach,and vomiting.Why does motion make some people ill？Doctors believe that motion sickness is caused by a disturbance in the inner ear. Our ears do more than give us hearing. A part of the ears gives us a sense of balance and helps make us aware of whether we are right side up or upside down.If you know that you get carsick or seasick,what can you do？Speak to your doctor. There are certain medicinesavailable that can help stop that uneasy feeling. But many of them can also make you sleepy. Usually they work best taken before you begin feeling ill.Some people also recommend water,ice cubes,mints,or plain toast. But these remedies do not always work for everyone.Perhaps,since motion sickness is such a big problem in outer space,researchers may soon find a way to cure the astronauts - and those of us who stay on earth.16 Floating in space for too long a time may also do harm to one's lungs and heart.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 At the end of the flight,Hartsfield became "seasick".A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Mattingly was much thinner than Hartsfield.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Russian and American scientists are working together to solve the problem of motion sickness in astronauts.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Untrained civilians are more likely to suffer from motion sickness in a spacecraftA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 The motion sickness some astronauts suffered from during space travel had been caused by the defective digestive system.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 People suffering from motion sickness during space travel can alleviate its symptoms by eating or drinking something.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned[参考答案]1. C2. B3. C4. A5. A6. B7. C。
2020年职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题(文字版)
2020年职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题(文字版) Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent oneshardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.为了给考生提供更直观的真题答案解析，本站精心策划【】，请点击查看！Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in Fran ce, says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。
2020年职称英语理工类A级考试阅读理解练习题（10）
2020年职称英语理工类A级考试阅读理解练习题（10）2020年职称英语理工类A级考试阅读理解练习题(10)Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often longlisteners .Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can sp eak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child .Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate ,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words totheir store. This self-imitation(模仿)leads on todeliberate(有意的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a childmeans by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds .1. Before children start speaking________.A .they need equal amount of listeningB. they need different amounts of listeningC. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructionsD. they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions2. Children who start speaking late ________.A. may have problems with their listeningB. probably do not hear enough language spoken around themC. usually pay close attention to what they hearD. often take a long time in learning to listen properly3. A baby’s first noises are ________.A. an expression of his moods and feelingsB. an early form of languageC. a sign that he means to tell you somethingD. an imitation of the speech of adults4. The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech________.A. is important because words have different meanings fordifferent peopleB. is not especially important because the changeover takes place graduallyC. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with ageD. is one that should be completely ignored(忽略)because children’s use of words is often meaningless5. The speaker implies________.A. parents can never hope to teach their children new soundsB. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speakC. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quicklyD. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating.答案解析：BDABD1. 该问题的关键在Before start speaking，短文的第一段的第二句话明确给出“Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking”。
职称英语考试理工类试题及答案(3)
职称英语考试理工类试题及答案(3)A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21Some scientists believe that dolphins have a Ianguage of their own.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2 ）第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项, 分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Weight ExperimentNicola Walters has been taking part in experiments inScotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight. Being locked in a small room called a Calorimeter1（热量测量室）is one way to find out1The sighs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One11 and "Chamber Two". These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of scienee. Outside these rooms another sign reads n Please do not enter- work in progress1' and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move thevolunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker; she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.3The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one dayon a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.备注说明,非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。
职称英语考试理工类试题及答案(3)
职称英语考试理工类试题及答案(3)A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Weight ExperimentNicola Walters has been taking part in experiments inScotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight. Being locked in a small room called a 'calorimeter'（热量测量室)is one way to find out.1 The sighs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One" and "Chamber Two". These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads "Please do not enter- work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2 Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one dayon a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.【备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。
2020年职称英语《理工类A》考试阅读判断练习4
2020年职称英语《理工类A》考试阅读判断练习4 Plants in DesertOnly special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert， for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃. Furthermore， during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds which drive small， sharp particles of sand into the plants， tearing and damaging them. The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life， however， is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long， hot， dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls. If no rain falls， or if insufficient rain falls， they wait until the next year， or even still the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time that the water from the spring rains disappears ——just a few weeks after it falls —— such plants no longer need any.The perennials have special features which enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus， nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in ashort time. The small shoot system， on the other hand，considerably limits water loss by evaporation.Another feature of many desert perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long， dry season， just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season. Then， in next rainy season， they come fully alive once more， and grow new branches， leaves and flowers， just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.16. Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Grasses and flowers in desert are able to survive because they stay in the form of seeds to wait for the right amount of water to come.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are short shows their ability to adapt to the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it falls in spring.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Winter is the toughest season for grasses and flowers to survive in desertA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the sun's ray.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Desert perennials lose their leaves after the rainy season just as trees lose theirs in wetter climates before winter arrives， but the reasons for this feature aredifferent.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：16. B17. A18. A19. C20. B 21. A22. B。
2020年职称英语考试理工类阅读判断练习题(5)
2020年职称英语考试理工类阅读判断练习题（5）Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique DialectIrish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other. The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF)1 has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon2 using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed3 near the River Shannon.As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those4 from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories5. Of the categories, he found most6 were used by both sets of dolphins7 — but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.“We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves,” project leader Simon Berrow said. “Essentiall y we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make.”Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins’ clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. “They do a whole range of oth er sound like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot,” he said. “The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey.”“When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason asthe sperm whales.” Borrow said.References in local legend8 indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century9.They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannonferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year takespecial sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.练习：1. The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. Ronan Hickey analysed almost 2,000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1. C 本题所说的意思是宽吻海豚与巨头鲸送食习惯上大相径庭，这个点令科学家很感兴趣。
2020年职称英语理工类阅读判断指导(3)
2020年职称英语理工类阅读判断指导(3)A Dolphin and an AstronomerOne day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word "more". The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. "Oh, yes. That's one of the words he knows," the director said, showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and much furtherin water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a 'language', in the real sense of the word? Scientists don't agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions 'Who loves Mary?' and 'Who does Mary love?' mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question 'Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.1 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 Parts of the dolphin's brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案：1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A。
2020年职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解模拟试题及答案(2)
2020 年职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解模拟试题及答案(2)Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying bard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable ：Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflict4ed by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing.“Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage,” said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is thatwe can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks, ”he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away fromthe World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building, ” explained A Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor. ”The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile framing systemsmay provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance, ” he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load- bearing column fails. “ We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse, ” said AWhittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it. ”A Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “ Earthquake shakin g hasled to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquakeresistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present. ”31 The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA that was asked by structural engineers a month agoB that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC that was never difficult for before the terrorist attackD that terrorists are eager to find a solution to32 The project funded by the National Science FoundationA was first proposed by some engineers at UBB took about two days to completeC was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts33 The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker ________ .A was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB was part of the World Trade CenterC was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center34 A surprising discovery made by the investigatorsduring their visit to ground zero is that ________ .A floors in the adjacent building remain undamagedB some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosionC simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD floors in one of the adjacent buildings were piercedby tons of debris35 What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that __________________ .A blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant designB blast engineering can borrow technologies developedfor terror-resistant designC solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant designD slast engineering emerges as a new branch of science答案：31 C建筑设计是否能使建筑具有抵御恐怖袭击的性能，是一个月前世界贸易中心受到袭击之前人们从未想过的一个问题。
2022职称英语理工A级阅读判断练习题及答案(3)2022年职称英语综合类A级
职称英语网权威发布2022职称英语理工A级：阅读判断练习题及答案(3)，更多2022职称英语理工A级相关信息请访问职称英语考试网。
阅读判断题 A Dolphin and an AtronomerThe dolphin wanted Sagan to cratch hi tomach again, a the atronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or o, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a ound jut like the word "more". The atonihed atronomer went to the director of the intitute and told him about theincident. "Oh, ye. That" one of the word he know," the director aid, howing no urprie at all.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The dolphin leapt up into the air becaue Sagan wa too near the water.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 Part of the dolphin" brain are particularly well developed to handle different kind of ound.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Dolphin are the mot ueful animal to human.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Dolphin travel fater in water than any other animal.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Some cientit believe that dolphin have a language of their own.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Sound can be called a language only when they have a tructure and a grammar.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A。
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2020职称英语理工类阅读判断题5：A Dolphin and
an Astronomer
2020职称英语理工类阅读判断题：A Dolphin and an Astronomer
A Dolphin and an Astronomer
One day in 1963,a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer,Carl Sagan,were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly,highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.
The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again,as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan,waiting. Then,after a minute or so,the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word "more". The astonished astronomer went to the director of the
institute and told him about the incident. "Oh,yes. That's one of the words he knows," the director said,showing no surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have,and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more,these sounds seem to have different functions,such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and much further
in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in
dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a language,in the real sense of the word?
Scientists don't agree on this.
A language is not just a collection of sounds,or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example,the two questions 'Who loves Mary?' and 'Who does Mary love?' mean very different things. If you stop to think about it,you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question Can dolphins speak? can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.
1.The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
2.The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
3.Parts of the dolphin's brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
4.Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
5.Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
6.Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
7.Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
[参考答案]1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A。