独立主格结构课件(高中英语).ppt
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Absolute Construction
独立主格结构
精选2021版课件
1
一、 独立主格结构的构成：
• 英语中的独立主格结构从语法上看，它是 一个独立的成分，而不是句子（因为句中 没有谓语），在句中主要用作状语，通常 可转换成状语从句。
could do for us. 她面带微笑问我们要什么。
精选2021版课件
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表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构， 也可用with复合结构。 with +名词 (代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/ 副词/不定式/介词短语
He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raised.
A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow.
现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。
精选2021版课件
7
We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.
3.The meeting ____, he went back to his company. A. over B. been over C. was over D. have been over
4.Time ____,we shall visit the zoo. A. been permitting B. permitting C. permitted D. having been permitted
Absolute Construction
独立主格结构
精选2021版课件
1
一、 独立主格结构的构成：
• 英语中的独立主格结构从语法上看，它是 一个独立的成分，而不是句子（因为句中 没有谓语），在句中主要用作状语，通常 可转换成状语从句。
could do for us. 她面带微笑问我们要什么。
精选2021版课件
18
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构， 也可用with复合结构。 with +名词 (代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/ 副词/不定式/介词短语
He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raised.
A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow.
现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。
精选2021版课件
7
We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.
3.The meeting ____, he went back to his company. A. over B. been over C. was over D. have been over
4.Time ____,we shall visit the zoo. A. been permitting B. permitting C. permitted D. having been permitted
独立主格结构优秀公开课课件(共17张)
If the guide leads the way, we won't worry about our safety in Britain.
4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：
A map in your hand, you can travel around London more conveniently.
◇连句成篇◇
Homework:
1、完成微写作，并适当添加一些细节； 2、复习、巩固独立主格结构的相关知识点。
伦敦有如此多的美丽的名胜古迹，每年有大量的游客被吸引到伦敦。 So many places of interest in London beautiful ， many visitors are attracted to London every year.
The tower of Londow
霓虹灯下的伦敦显得更加美丽。
三、伴随状语
She left the offices with tears _i_n_h_e_r_e_y_e.s The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind (tie).
四、后置定语
Do you know the man __w__it_h_ a book in his hand?
4. 逻辑主语+名词/不定式 不定式表示未发生的动作或发生 在句子谓语动作之后。
Every year there are many visitors to London
，most of c are Chinese. , most of A Chinese. , and most of A are Chinese. ; most of A are Chinese. A. them B. who C. whom D. \
4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：
A map in your hand, you can travel around London more conveniently.
◇连句成篇◇
Homework:
1、完成微写作，并适当添加一些细节； 2、复习、巩固独立主格结构的相关知识点。
伦敦有如此多的美丽的名胜古迹，每年有大量的游客被吸引到伦敦。 So many places of interest in London beautiful ， many visitors are attracted to London every year.
The tower of Londow
霓虹灯下的伦敦显得更加美丽。
三、伴随状语
She left the offices with tears _i_n_h_e_r_e_y_e.s The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind (tie).
四、后置定语
Do you know the man __w__it_h_ a book in his hand?
4. 逻辑主语+名词/不定式 不定式表示未发生的动作或发生 在句子谓语动作之后。
Every year there are many visitors to London
，most of c are Chinese. , most of A Chinese. , and most of A are Chinese. ; most of A are Chinese. A. them B. who C. whom D. \
人教高中英语必修4Unit2 独立主格结构 (共19张PPT)
独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、 动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系， 通常称为“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构的特点：
☞没有连接词，独立主格部分用“ ，”与主句分开。 ☞两个句子分别有自己的主语和谓语，即独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主 句 的主语不同。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示 时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 。
① 表示时间 ☞ The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
the meeting being over 相当于 when the meeting was over
☞ Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 her work done 相当于 when her work was done
② 表示条件 ☞ The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。 ☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。 ☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home. ☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home. ☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
独立主格结构的特点：
☞没有连接词，独立主格部分用“ ，”与主句分开。 ☞两个句子分别有自己的主语和谓语，即独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主 句 的主语不同。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示 时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 。
① 表示时间 ☞ The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
the meeting being over 相当于 when the meeting was over
☞ Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 her work done 相当于 when her work was done
② 表示条件 ☞ The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。 ☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。 ☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home. ☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home. ☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
独立主格PPT课件
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
.
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4. 名词(主格代词+形容词
An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 Computers very small, we can use them widely.
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful.
A. had been fulfilled B. were fulfilled C. having been fulfilled D. been fulfilled
.
4
独立主格结构
一. 概念 二. 构成形式 三. 句法功能 四. 特点 五. 注意事项
.
5
一、独立主格结构的概念
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure ）有 两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后 一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分 具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做 状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不 是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、 条件、伴随、目的等。
.
10
4. 名词(主格代词+形容词
An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 Computers very small, we can use them widely.
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful.
A. had been fulfilled B. were fulfilled C. having been fulfilled D. been fulfilled
.
4
独立主格结构
一. 概念 二. 构成形式 三. 句法功能 四. 特点 五. 注意事项
.
5
一、独立主格结构的概念
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure ）有 两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后 一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分 具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做 状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不 是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、 条件、伴随、目的等。
独立主格结构PPT课件
I to go to New York, he asked me not.（我 要去纽约，他却要我别去）
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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11
我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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12
3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
-
11
我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
-
12
3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
独立主格结构—课件
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）
该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表” 结构。如：
B 1)___________, the patient can leave the hospital. A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions
分词短语在句中常作以下状语：
1、原因状语
D 1.______late, we had to walk home.
A.Being C.We being B.As we were D.A and B
D busy, they had no time to 2.______
A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above
2、时间状语 独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由 when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语 从句。如：
D 1.________, the train started. A. The signal given B. After the signal was given C. Given the signal D.A and B D 2.________, the text became easier for us to learn. A. New words explained B. When new words were explained C. When teacher explained new words D. all the above
D 2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.
高中英语 独立主格结构 PPT-完美课件
2 、The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。 （每个人胸前都带着一张卡——进行与主动）
3 、Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。 （窗户俯视着操场——一般情况的状态或主动）
Grammar
Absolute 'Nominative Structure
独立主格结构
【独立主格结构的概念】
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个
在句中做 状语的短语，用于修饰整个句子，它是一
个简单句，句中只有一个主语。其位置灵活，可位于 句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。需特 别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何 连接词。
2. 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省 略：
一是在“There being + 名词”结构中； 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.
C. working out
D. having been worked out
2. There are various kinds of metals, each ______ its own
properties (特性).
3 、Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。 （窗户俯视着操场——一般情况的状态或主动）
Grammar
Absolute 'Nominative Structure
独立主格结构
【独立主格结构的概念】
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个
在句中做 状语的短语，用于修饰整个句子，它是一
个简单句，句中只有一个主语。其位置灵活，可位于 句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。需特 别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何 连接词。
2. 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省 略：
一是在“There being + 名词”结构中； 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.
C. working out
D. having been worked out
2. There are various kinds of metals, each ______ its own
properties (特性).
独立主格结构一看就懂 ppt课件
2)____C__, the patient can leave the hospital. A. If better conditions B. If conditions better C. If conditions are better D. Being better conditions
独立主格结构一看就懂
learn.
A. Explaining new words
B. New words explained
C. Being explained new words
D. Having explained new words
4)__A__, the text became easier for us to learn.
独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法
独立主格结构一看就懂
1
一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing
两个分句间如没连词，从句的谓语要 作相应改变。如：
1) ___A_____no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was
6
3.__B___, we’d like to go outing.
A. Being Sunday B. Sunday OK
C. Sunday is OK D. If Sunday OK
4.___D___, we’d like to go outing.
A. If Sunday is OK B. Sunday being OK
A. After having given the signal B. After the signal given C. Giving the signal
独立主格结构一看就懂
learn.
A. Explaining new words
B. New words explained
C. Being explained new words
D. Having explained new words
4)__A__, the text became easier for us to learn.
独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法
独立主格结构一看就懂
1
一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing
两个分句间如没连词，从句的谓语要 作相应改变。如：
1) ___A_____no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was
6
3.__B___, we’d like to go outing.
A. Being Sunday B. Sunday OK
C. Sunday is OK D. If Sunday OK
4.___D___, we’d like to go outing.
A. If Sunday is OK B. Sunday being OK
A. After having given the signal B. After the signal given C. Giving the signal
高考英语语法一轮复习独立主格结构和with复合结构复习PPT课件(原文)
= When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.
（２）作原因状语
With the key lost, she could not enter the room.
=The key lost, she could not enter the room.
=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.
巩固练习
1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train
(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅
left, we arrived at the station. 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语
（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。 用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
I couldn`t finish my work with those children __. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around
(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式
1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)
A. follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
. 2._T_h_e__l_a_s__t_g_u__e_s_t__t_o__a_r_r_i_v_e_ (最后一个人
（２）作原因状语
With the key lost, she could not enter the room.
=The key lost, she could not enter the room.
=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.
巩固练习
1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train
(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅
left, we arrived at the station. 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语
（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。 用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
I couldn`t finish my work with those children __. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around
(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式
1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)
A. follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
. 2._T_h_e__l_a_s__t_g_u__e_s_t__t_o__a_r_r_i_v_e_ (最后一个人
高中英语语法______独立主格结构课件
(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing)
当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主 语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语, 构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也 可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1T._h_is__p_ro_b__le_m__s_e_t_tl_e_d, they left the meeting – room. （问题解决了）（settle） 2T._im__e_p_e_r_m__it_t_in_g,we`ll go there on foot. (时间允许的话)(permit) 3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在头下) his h_a_n_d_s__cr_o_s_s_e_d_u__n_d_e_r_h_i_s_h_e_a_d_._(cross)
(ⅤI) with/without+名词／代词＋副词。
__ C
production up by 60%,
the company has had another excellent
year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
活学巧用
1.The square looks more
C 1. With a lot of difficult problems __
, the
newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
2.因为有太多的作业要做，所以我们不能出去玩。
结构:
名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing & todo & done）
高三英语一轮语法复习独立主格公开课课件
2._S_e_e_n___(see) from the top of Kunlun tower, Kashigar looks very beautiful.
分析语态：找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语，并判断其和非谓语
动词的主___动__、被__动__关系。
(1) _K__i_s_s_e_d__(kiss) by Chen He, Li Chen was very sad. _K__is_s_i_n_g__(kiss) Li Chen, Chen He was very excited.
2. The boy __l_e_a_d_in__g___(lead) the way, we had no trouble finding
the hidden cave.
1. 独立主格： “独立主格结构”，就相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句, 表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。
10. She walked along the path, her daughter _fo__ll_o_w_i_n_g__(follow) close behind.
summary
1. 概念： “独立主格结构”，就相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句, 在句中通常
起状语作用。
2. 基本结构：
逻辑主语+ 非谓语动词，主语+谓语动词
2．There_b__e_in_g__ (be) no taxis, we had to walk.
3．The child _b_a_h_a__v_in_g_（behave）badly, the parents should take responsibility in this case. 4．It __b_e_in__g___ (be) Sunday, the street is very busy. 5. The boy __le__a_d_in__g___(lead) the way, we had no trouble finding the hidden cave.
独立主格结构(高中英语语法)
4 名词/主格代词+形容词 • An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无 一人生还。 • So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席， 会议不得不取消。
3 名词/主格代词+不定式 • 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且 强调的是一次具体性的动作。如： • He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要 做一个飞机模型。 • They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
独立主格结构
• 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有 两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一 部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或 形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有 逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语， 多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子， 在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴 随、目的等。
3表示原因
• There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 • He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又 黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
2 名词/主格代词+过去分词 • 名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。 如： • The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 • Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不 见黑板上的字。
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☞独立主格部分中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与其后面的分词、形容词、副 词、不定式形成逻辑主谓或动宾关系。
独立主格结构的功能：
☞“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从 句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依 附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句 不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真 正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表 方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。
独立主格结构的构成：
☞ 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词：Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow
名词(代词)+形容词：the condition favorable 名词(代词)+副词：the meeting (being) over....（上也有此句） There being+名词： there being nothing else to do, we went home 名词(代词)+不定式：She proposed a picnic, she herself to pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the food. 名词(代词) +介词短语： the teacher entered the classroom, book in hand It being + 名词：It being X'mas, the government office was closed
① 名词/代词+形容词 ☞ The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their
officers guiding them.
☞ It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open.
独立主格结构的概念：
☞ “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、 动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系， 通常称为“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构的特点：
☞没有连接词，独立主格部分用“ ，”与主句分开。 ☞两个句子分别有自己的主语和谓语，即独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句 的主语不同。
② 名词/代词+副词 ☞ Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. ☞ Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking..
☞ Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 her work done 相当于 when her work was done
② 表示条件 ☞ The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
If the condition is favorable
③ 表示原因 ☞ There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
Since there was no taxis,
☞ He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑 又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
⑤ 表示补充说明 ☞ We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.
我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
独立主格结构功能说明：
独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放 在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于 一个并列句，通常放于句末。
as the night was dark and frosty
④ 表示伴随情况 ☞ Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.
几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。 (=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)
要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。 ☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。 ☞ It raining, I sin so/and I stayed at home. ☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home. ☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
Independent Nominative
独立主格结构
It rained. I stayed at home.
怎样将两个句子合并？
要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。 ☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
并列连词：and, or, but, so, for, when, while, neither…nor, either…or, not…but, not only…but also
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示 时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 。
① 表示时间 ☞ The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
the meeting being over 相当于 when the meeting was over
独立主格结构的功能：
☞“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从 句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依 附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句 不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真 正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表 方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。
独立主格结构的构成：
☞ 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词：Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow
名词(代词)+形容词：the condition favorable 名词(代词)+副词：the meeting (being) over....（上也有此句） There being+名词： there being nothing else to do, we went home 名词(代词)+不定式：She proposed a picnic, she herself to pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the food. 名词(代词) +介词短语： the teacher entered the classroom, book in hand It being + 名词：It being X'mas, the government office was closed
① 名词/代词+形容词 ☞ The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their
officers guiding them.
☞ It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open.
独立主格结构的概念：
☞ “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、 动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系， 通常称为“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构的特点：
☞没有连接词，独立主格部分用“ ，”与主句分开。 ☞两个句子分别有自己的主语和谓语，即独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句 的主语不同。
② 名词/代词+副词 ☞ Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. ☞ Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking..
☞ Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 her work done 相当于 when her work was done
② 表示条件 ☞ The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
If the condition is favorable
③ 表示原因 ☞ There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
Since there was no taxis,
☞ He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑 又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
⑤ 表示补充说明 ☞ We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.
我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
独立主格结构功能说明：
独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放 在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于 一个并列句，通常放于句末。
as the night was dark and frosty
④ 表示伴随情况 ☞ Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.
几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。 (=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)
要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。 ☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。 ☞ It raining, I sin so/and I stayed at home. ☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home. ☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
Independent Nominative
独立主格结构
It rained. I stayed at home.
怎样将两个句子合并？
要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。 ☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
并列连词：and, or, but, so, for, when, while, neither…nor, either…or, not…but, not only…but also
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示 时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 。
① 表示时间 ☞ The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
the meeting being over 相当于 when the meeting was over