高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练7
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题含答案解析
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题含答案解析1.What he said at the meeting surprised us all.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Who答案解析：A。
本题考查名词性从句中的主语从句。
“What he said at the meeting”是主语从句，整个句子缺少一个连接词来引导主语从句在整个句子中作主语。
选项B“what”在主语从句中已经充当了宾语，不能再引导主语从句；选项C“which”一般引导定语从句；选项D“who”通常引导的是关于人的从句。
“That”在名词性从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，符合题意。
此句中“What he said at the meeting”是主语，“surprised”是谓语，“us all”是宾语。
分析此类句子结构时，先确定句子的主干，再分析从句在句子中的作用。
在写作中，可以运用这种长难句来增加文章的表达层次。
2.I don't know whether he will come or not.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.when答案解析：C。
本题考查宾语从句中的连接词。
“whether...or not”是固定搭配，在宾语从句中表示“是否”。
选项A“that”在宾语从句中无实际意义，不表示“是否”；选项B“if”也可表示“是否”，但不能与“or not”连用；选项D“when”表示“什么时候”，不符合题意。
此句中“I don't know”是主句，“whether he will come or not”是宾语从句。
在写作中，可以用宾语从句来表达不确定的情况。
3.The question is who will be responsible for this project.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who答案解析：D。
本题考查表语从句。
“The question is”后面是表语从句，句子的意思是“问题是谁将负责这个项目”，所以连接词应该是“who”。
题型七概要写作
题型七概要写作Writing 1[2019浙江6月]高考真题阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
①Parents everywhere praise their kids. ②Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,"We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." ③By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think they’re building their children’s confidence,④when, in fact,it may be just the opposite. ⑤Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.第一段为整个语篇的"起",⑤表达了作者的真实意图,即本段的主旨"Too much praise can make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk."。
①Still,don’t go too far in the other direction. ②Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. ③Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.第二段为第一段的"转",指出另一个极端的危害"Not giving enough praise can be damaging."。
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练4
Passage4Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability？1This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles. 2 They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crasheswhere lives might be lost.3 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomousvehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delaythe driverless future.4 Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car’s maker is responsi ble if there is a crash.5 “The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt.6 It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.7 Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. 8 “The liability issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.8 An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, i nsists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.9 But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. 10“When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know—no driver.”11 Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.12 Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. 13 That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.14 That would go down poorly in the US, however. 15“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsautonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj.自治的；自主的* liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪtɪ/ n.责任；债务；propose /prəˈpəʊz/ vi & vt.建议；提议* death valley死谷semi-autonomous 半自治的confusion /kənˈf juːʒn/ n.混乱; 混淆; 困惑* automate /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/ vt.使自动化; 使自动操作public good公益事业get nowhere一事无成；无进展proposal /prəˈpəʊzl/ n.建议；提议；求婚二．参考译文Translation自动驾驶：谁该负责任？1本月，德国交通部长亚历山大.多布林德提出了第一套自动驾驶车辆法规。
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练5
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练5Passage5Waiting1 I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting.2 But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?3 To understand the issue, let’s take a look at thr eetypes of “waits”.4 The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait.5 It is without doubt the mostannoying of all. 6 Take filling up the kitchen sink as an example. 7 There is absolutelynothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full.8 During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. 9 This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.10 A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. 11 This one requires a bit of discipline. 12 Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. 13 Directions are ve ry specific. 14“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”15 I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly.16 After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.17 Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. 18 This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the mostpart voluntary. 19 Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.20 Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires fai th and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. 21 On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. 22 As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.23 We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting.24 The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill w hile cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. 25 You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.一．单词和短语Words and expressionssink /s??k/ vt.使下沉vi.下沉n.水池; 洗涤槽; 污水坑counter /?ka?nt?/ n.柜台discipline /?d?s?pl?n/ n.纪律；训练vt.训练；惩罚* simmer /?s?m?/ vt. & vi. 炖optimist /??pt?m?st/ n.乐观主义者desperate /?desp?r?t/ adj.令人绝望的；极度渴望的；不顾一切的reveal /r??vi?l/ vt.显示；透露；揭露；泄露frustrating /fr??stre?t??/ adj.令人沮丧的二．参考译文Translation等待1我曾在某处读到过一句话：我们整整三分之一的生命都在等待中度过。
passage11-2021高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练
passage11-2021高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练Passage 11The influence of social media on children1 Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, amajor study warned.2 It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they getonline, often through “likes”. 3 Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on theweb.4 The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s CommissionerAnne Longfield. 5 She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.6 Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.7 The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to deman d “likes” for their online posts.8 The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.9 Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. 10 However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”,suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.11 Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.12 She said, “Children are using socia l media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”13 As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.14 Miss Longfield added, “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”15 “For children it is very, very difficult to cope emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.16 However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.1718 However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities or more brilliant friendsonline. 19 The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.20 The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield they faced online.21 And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. 22 They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.23 Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said, “It’s vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex educ ation lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social med ia.”24“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”一．单词和短语Words and expressionsself-worth /?self ?w?:θ/n. 自我价值感youngster /?j??st?/ n. 年轻人commissioner /k??mn?/ n. 专员; 委员ill-equipped /??l??kw?pt/ adj. 装备不良的tremendous /tr??mend?s/ adj. 巨大的; 极好的supposedly /s??p??z?dl?/ adv. 据称; 据传around the clock 昼夜不停地mean-spirited /?mi:n?sp?r?t?d/ adj.小气的; 小心眼的incompetence /?n?k?mp?t?ns/ n. 不胜任minefield /?ma?nfi?ld/ n. 布雷区; 充满隐伏危险的事物sign up 签约参加；报名参加charity /?t??r?t?/ n. 慈善；施舍；慈善团体二．参考译文Translation社交媒体对孩子的影响1一项重要的研究警告称，年仅10岁的儿童为了获得自我价值感而变得依赖社交媒体。
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题(答案解析)
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题(答案解析)1.What impressed me most was his statement that he would never give up.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when答案解析：B。
本题考查同位语从句。
选项A“which”引导定语从句；选项C“what”不能引导同位语从句；选项D“when”引导时间状语从句。
“that he would never give up”是同位语从句，解释说明“statement”的内容。
在写作中，同位语从句可以用来进一步解释说明某个名词，使句子更加丰富。
同位语从句的语法规则是：由that 引导，that 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。
2.I have no idea when he will come back.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.where答案解析：B。
本题考查同位语从句。
选项A“that”引导的同位语从句通常解释说明抽象名词；选项C“what”引导宾语从句、主语从句等；选项D“where”引导地点状语从句。
“when he will come back”是同位语从句，解释说明“idea”的具体内容。
在写作中，用同位语从句表达不确定的时间，可以增加句子的准确性和丰富度。
同位语从句的语法规则同上。
3.The news that he won the first prize made us very happy.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when答案解析：B。
本题考查同位语从句。
选项A“which”引导定语从句；选项C“what”不能引导同位语从句；选项D“when”引导时间状语从句。
“that he won the first prize”是同位语从句，解释说明“news”的内容。
在写作中，同位语从句可以用来传达重要信息，增强句子的表现力。
2021届高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习10套
2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（一）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做……很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。
这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。
2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。
我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。
3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。
杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。
我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。
【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。
如：中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。
中国比非洲的任何国家都大。
2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接触我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练8
Passage 8Should We Get Rid of Old Devices Timely？1 We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style.2 That’s bad news for theenvironment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy thanthe newer ones that do the same things.3 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues atthe Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs foreach product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. 4 This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. 5 Devices were grouped by generation. 6 Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. 7 Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. 8 And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.9 As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out old ones. 10“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher.11 The average number of electronic devices rose from 4 per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. 12 We’re not just keeping these old devices—We continue to use them. 13 According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.14 So what’s the solution? 15 The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 16 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsgo out of style 过时outdated /aʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ adj.过时的；旧式的mine /maɪn/ n.矿; 矿井; 地雷; 水雷vt. & vi.开采* readout /ˈriːdaʊt/ n.读出on the scene 在场；出现；到场* cathode /ˈkæθəʊd/ n. <电>(-)阴极；负极* cathode ray tube阴极射线管tablet /ˈtæblɪt/ n.碑；药片；写字板二．参考译文Translation我们应该及时摒弃旧设备吗？1我们可能认为，在我们的文化习惯中，我们一见到闪闪发光的新东西就会摒弃用旧了的技术产品，但一项新的研究表明，当旧设备过时了之后我们仍然继续使用着它们。
高考英语长难句解题技巧(附练习题).doc
高考英语长难句解题技巧（附练习题）要对英语长难句精准分析，大家首先需要掌握英语句子的基本结构、句式和句子的类型。
其次，分析长难句，不妨按照“去枝叶留主干移位置”的方法并按照以下的步骤来进行：1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构，搞清楚句子的“主干”。
2）找出句中所有的修饰成分，如形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语等，搞清楚他们各自的作用，这些都是句子的“绿叶”。
3）分析句子的语法功能，是并列句还是复合句，是名词性从句还是定语从句、状语从句等，这些都是句子的“树枝”。
4）注意插入语等其他成分及某些次要成分的特殊用法和含义。
5）注意句子是否有特殊的结构，如倒装、强调等。
例析例析①The gravity of the situation shocked Bob Geldof，an Iris musician，so he organized a charity concert called Live Aid to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia.（p.2 M10）在上述句中，an Iris musician 为Bob Geldof 的同位语，说明他的身份。
因此该句可简化为：The gravity of thesituation shocked Bob Geldof。
而连词so连接一个并列句，表结果。
该句意为“he organized a charity concert”，而a charity concert 后的called Live Aid 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰说明 a charity concert，同时后面还有动词不定式短语to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia作为he organized a charity concert的目的状语（为何组织音乐会）。
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练10
Passage 10New Farmers Need Consumers’ Support1 If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-popcarmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. 2 But in agriculture, small farmers can getthe best of the major players. 3 By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly tochanges in the markets as well as in the ecosystems, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the bigguys. 4 As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition and a family farmer myself, Ihave a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.5 For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.6 It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.7 Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms.8 But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.9 The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry. 10 One crucial factor is secure access to land. 11 Competition from investors, developers, and established large farme rs makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers. 12 From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.13 Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship—the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. 14 With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer, we mu st clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.15 There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us. 16 We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. 17 With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsget the best of 击败；战胜keep one step ahead of 领先一步* coalition /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn/ n.（由两个或两个以上政党组成的）联盟sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的established /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ adj.已设立的; 已制定的; 确定的；著名的；公认的unattainable /ʌnəˈteɪnəbl/ adj.无法得到的；难以达到的non-existent adj.不存在的citizenship /ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp/ n.公民身份；公民资格；国籍；公民权* outnumber /aʊtˈnʌmbə/ vt.数目超过；比…多clumsily /ˈklʌmzɪlɪ/ adv. 笨拙地；粗陋地; 冒犯人地immigration /ɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn/ 移居；移民（人数）congress /ˈkɒŋɡres/ n.代表大会；议会；国会push for 奋力争取take a stand 表态；采取立场take a stand with 支持二．参考译文Translation新农名需要消费者的支持1如果你想进军汽车行业，你最好有几十亿美元：夫妻档汽车制造商击败最大的汽车公司的可能性不大。
passage 11-2021高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练
Passage 11The influence of social media on children1 Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, amajor study warned.2 It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they getonline, often through “likes”. 3 Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on theweb.4 The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s CommissionerAnne Longfield. 5 She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.6 Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.7 The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “likes” for their online posts.8 The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.9 Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. 10 However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”, suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.11 Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.12 She said, “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”13 As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.14 Miss Longfield added, “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”15 “For children it is very, very difficult to cope emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.16 However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.1718 However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities or more brilliant friends online. 19 The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.20 The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield they faced online.21 And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. 22 They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.23 Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said, “It’s vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex educ ation lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.”24“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”一．单词和短语Words and expressionsself-worth /ˌself ˈwə:θ/n. 自我价值感youngster /ˈjʌŋstə/ n. 年轻人commissioner /kəˈmɪʃənə/ n. 专员; 委员ill-equipped /ˌɪlɪˈkwɪpt/ adj. 装备不良的tremendous /trɪˈmendəs/ adj. 巨大的; 极好的supposedly /səˈpəʊzɪdlɪ/ adv. 据称; 据传around the clock 昼夜不停地mean-spirited /ˌmi:nˈspɪrɪtɪd/ adj.小气的; 小心眼的incompetence /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/ n. 不胜任minefield /ˈmaɪnfiːld/ n. 布雷区; 充满隐伏危险的事物sign up 签约参加；报名参加charity /ˈtʃærɪtɪ/ n. 慈善；施舍；慈善团体二．参考译文Translation社交媒体对孩子的影响1一项重要的研究警告称，年仅10岁的儿童为了获得自我价值感而变得依赖社交媒体。
2021届高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练passage1
Passage 1The Friendship Between Paul Newman and Me1 I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy andthe Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. 2When the studio didn’t want me forthe film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul— he stood up for me. 3I don’t knowhow many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studiopowers.4 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting fouryears later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 5We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. 6 Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. 7 Those were also at the core of our relationship off the screen.8 We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 9 Paul and I didn’t see each other all t hat regularly, but sharing that brought us together. 10 We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.11 I last saw him a few months ago. 12 He’d been in and out of the hospital. 13 He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t tal k about it. 14 Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsstudio /ˈstjuːdɪəʊ/ n.工作室；播音室；制片厂stand up for 支持；拥护have root in 起源于dig into 钻研；掘进去* underlying /ʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj.潜在的；根本的；在下面的；* core /kɔː/ n.中心；核心 adj. 主要的；基本的show up 露面；露出；揭露二．参考译文Translation我和保罗.纽曼之间的友谊1我第一次见到保罗.纽曼是在1968年。
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析整理版
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析第一部分：高中英语长难句解析在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。
不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。
下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。
一、复合从句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。
其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。
主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。
这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
二、分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。
考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。
此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。
三、成分省略在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。
省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。
成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。
高考英语阅读理解长难句理解训练
高考英语阅读理解长难句理解训练1.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1 ,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.【译文】他们与外界隔绝有一千多年时间，这使他们有充足的时间来建造被称作moai的1000多个巨大的石像，这个岛屿因此而非常著名2. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.【译文】总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
3. Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.【译文】近来发表的若干类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法：之所以失业人数居高难下和中产阶级收入持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，使得机器和国外员工在取代本国劳动力方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题50题
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题50题1.The book that I read yesterday was very interesting.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whose答案：A。
本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。
先行词是“the book”，在从句中作宾语，且先行词被“that”修饰，所以只能用“that”引导。
“which”也可以引导定语从句，但在本题中不适用。
“who”用于修饰人，不符合题意。
“whose”表示所属关系，也不符合。
在写作中，可以用定语从句来丰富句子内容，如“The book that I read yesterday inspired mea lot.”。
2.The man who is standing over there is my teacher.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which答案：A。
先行词是“the man”，在从句中作主语，所以用“who”引导。
“whom”在定语从句中作宾语。
“whose”表示所属关系。
“which”用于修饰物。
写作中可以说“The man who teaches us English is very kind.”。
3.The house whose roof is red is very beautiful.A.whoseB.whichC.whoD.that答案：A。
先行词是“the house”，“roof”与“house”是所属关系，所以用“whose”引导。
“which”和“that”在定语从句中通常指物，不表示所属关系。
“who”用于修饰人。
写作中可以这样用“The house whose garden is full of flowers is my dream home.”。
4.The city which I visited last year is very modern.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when答案：A。
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题含答案解析
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题含答案解析1.The book that I read yesterday was very interesting.A.which I read yesterdayB.what I read yesterdayC.who I read yesterdayD.when I read yesterday答案解析：A。
本题考查定语从句。
先行词是book，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词用that 或which。
B 选项what 不能引导定语从句；C 选项who 用于指人；D 选项when 用于引导时间状语从句。
2.The man who is standing there is my teacher.A.which is standing thereB.whom is standing thereC.that is standing thereD.when is standing there答案解析：C。
先行词是man，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用who 或that。
A 选项which 用于指物；B 选项whom 在定语从句中作宾语；D 选项when 用于引导时间状语从句。
3.The place where we had a picnic is very beautiful.A.which we had a picnicB.that we had a picnicC.who we had a picnicD.when we had a picnic答案解析：A。
先行词是place，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词用where。
B 选项that 在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C 选项who 用于指人；D 选项when 用于引导时间状语从句。
4.The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.A.which he was lateB.that he was lateC.who he was lateD.when he was late答案解析：B。
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练9
Passage 9Instructive Research about Restaurants1 In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted a special meat soup called consommé.2 Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, whichhelped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.3 Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.4 Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent morepasta when their plates matched their food. 5 When a dark-colored cake was served on a blackplate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.6 Lighting matters, too.7 When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.8 Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. 9 Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. 10 One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart. 11 When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. 12 Fast music hurried diners out. 13 Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.14 Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables, crowding, high prices —don’t necessarily.15 Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. 16 It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables,” given that they’re profitable. 17 As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. 18 And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.一．单词和短语Words and expressions* instructive /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/ adj.教育性的；有启发的；有益的boast /bəʊst/ vt.自吹自擂说；以有…而自豪n.自夸；值得夸耀的事物dine out 外出就餐* pasta /ˈpæstə/ n.意大利面食* lavender /ˈlævəndə/ n.薰衣草；淡紫色buffet /ˈbʊfeɪ/ n.自助餐；（旅馆、车站等处的）餐饮部flee/fliː/ vi.& vt. 逃走；逃离二．参考译文Translation关于餐馆的启发性研究1 在18世纪60年代，马图林.罗兹开了一系列的连锁店。
2021届高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习(七)
2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（七）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the women’s world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Australia in 1991.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】championship n.冠军称号；锦标赛我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。
本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。
2. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1)get rid of 摆脱；除去如何清除空气污染仍然是个大问题。
2)measure n. 尺寸；措施；手段vt. & vi. 测量；有……长（宽、高等）钟是用来计量时间的。
这个房间宽十米。
史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做新衣服。
我们必须采取措施防止水被污染。
3. Having identified the target group, researchers find out as much as possibleabout those in the target group, such as their likes and dislikes, and how the product would fit into their lives.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】identify vt. 识别，认出你能从100自行车中认出你的那一辆吗？坏天气被认为可能导致了这个事故。
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Passage 7The Importance of Vaccination1 Measles, which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearlywiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine. 2 Butthe disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement andmisinformation that is spreading quickly. 3 Already this year, 115 measles cases have beenreported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.4 The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.5 When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. 6This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccin ated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.7 But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. 8 When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.9 That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.10 The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. 11 Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.12 Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. 13 Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption, sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.14 Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. 15 But no one does enough to limit exemptions.16 Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. 17 But personal opinions? Not good enough.18 Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.一．单词和短语Words and expressions* measles /ˈmiːzlz/ n. <医>麻疹;* vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ n. 疫苗make a comeback 卷土重来* anti-vaccine movement 反疫苗运动misinformation /ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeʃn/ n. 错误信息* the leading edge 前缘；领先地位* herd immunity /hɜːd/ /ɪˈmjuːnɪtɪ/群体免疫a free ride免费搭车；占便宜；坐享其成selfishly /ˈselfɪʃlɪ/ adv.自私地；* opt /ɒpt/ vi. 选择* opt out 决定退出* exemption /ɪɡˈzempʃn/ n.免除二．参考译文Translation1通过广泛接种麻疹疫苗，麻疹于14年前几乎在美国绝迹（麻疹曾经致使每年平均有450名儿童丧命，更多的人残疾）。
2但由于越来越多的反疫苗运动和错误信息的迅速传播，这种疾病正在卷土重来。
3在美国，今年已有115例麻疹病例报告，而去年全年则为189例。
4这数字听起来可能很小，但它们已经是危险趋势的警戒线了。
5当疫苗接种率非常高时（如今这个国家的接种率总体上说仍然还算高的），每个人都受到保护。
6这被称为“群体免疫力”。
“群体免疫力”可以保护容易得病的人群，包括那些因医疗原因无法接种疫苗的人、年龄太小而无法接种疫苗的婴儿以及疫苗接种无效者。
7但是群体免疫力只有在几乎整个群体都加入时才有效。
8当其中一些人拒绝接种疫苗并企图坐享其成时，群体免疫力就会瓦解，每个人都陷入更高的风险中。
9这种情况正发生于全国各地的一些小型社区——比如，加州奥兰治县本月报告了22例麻疹；去年在布鲁克林的N.Y.,一个17岁孩子发病，引起了疾病的爆发。
10对疫苗的抵制持续了数十年。
这种抵制源于真实存在的但却非常小的接种风险。
11那些拒绝承担风险的人很自私地让别人遭了殃。
12更糟糕的是，一些州的法律使得人们有很大的自由可以选择不让那些上幼儿园的孩子接种本应该必须接种的疫苗。
13有17个州给予家长豁免权，有时只需要签署一份文件表明他们个人反对接种某种疫苗就可以了。
14现在，有几个州正在通过增加新的“退出”条件来加强法律制约。
15但没有一个州采取了充分的措施来限制豁免权。
16父母应该只能出于有限的医疗或宗教原因选择不接种。
17但个人意见呢？可不是个好理由。
18每个人都享受疫苗可以救命的好处，但只有每个人都分担风险，这好处才能实现。
三．理解Comprehension1．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD．information about measles spreads quickly2．Herd immunity works well when ____________.A．exemptions are allowedB．several vaccines are used togetherC．the whole neighborhood is involved inD．new regulations are added to the state laws3．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A．The overuse of vaccine. B．The lack of medical care.C．The features of measles itself. D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.四．阅读理解难点Difficulties in comprehension7 But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. 8 When some refuse vaccination and seeka free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.根据上下文，这两句话中“some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride”的隐含之意是“有些人拒绝接种疫苗，并享受着这个群体中别人接种疫苗带来的好处——没有接种疫苗的人患病的风险因身边的人们接种了疫苗而降低。
According to the context, the implication of “some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride” is that some refuse vaccination and enjoy the benefits brought about by others’ vaccination——the risk for those unvaccinated reduced for the vaccination of people around them.五．用另一个单词或短语替换以下摘自本文的单词或短语。