考编初中英语教材教法复习重点

合集下载

江西教师招聘备考:中学英语复习要点汇总一

江西教师招聘备考:中学英语复习要点汇总一

江西教师招聘备考:中学英语复习要点汇总一一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cat s, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, w atch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry -strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoma n-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,tooth-teeth fish-fish, pe ople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。

3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加n ot,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。

4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。

动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-w atches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

考编初中英语教材教法__复习重点

考编初中英语教材教法__复习重点

考编初中英语教材教法复习重点名词解释1 直接教学法的特点: 老师将信息直接传递给学生,并把每节课的时间做适当的安排,以便能以最高的效率达成明确的教学目标. 直接以第二语或目标语(target language)来沟通或教学.优点:有助于培养学生的听说能力,使用外国语的习惯,激发学生的学习兴趣。

重视以句为单位有利于直接运用外语。

缺点:忽视母语的作用,忽视学生和成年人学习外语的特点,忽视语法作用死记硬背,不能举一反三。

值得注意的是:语音和口语是外语教学的基础,语法教学放在次要地位,句子是语法基础,只需套用。

(详见教材338页)2 任务型教学:以任务来组织教学,在任务实施过程中以参与体验,互动、交流合作的方式充分发挥学习者的认知能力,调动他们已有的目的语资源,在实践中感知,认识以及应用目的语。

理论基础:语言习得理论,在体验中掌握。

3 教学策略:要达到某个教学预期效果而采取的整套教学行为。

4 教学设计:在进行教学活动之前根据教学目的和要求运用系统方法对参与教学活动的诸要素所进行的分析和策划的过程。

5 阅读:学习者运用自己头脑中所具备的知识背景,概念,对文字材料进行加工从而形成自己的理解的过程。

(详见教材161页)6 交际语言使用教学法:主要通过教师与学生之间的交流与对话来实现教学任务。

特点:a 教学目的是培养学生的交际能力,而不应限于语法或语言知识能力之上。

b 语言教学方法应该是通过语言重实践的功能和意义设计,达成语言功能目标是重点。

c 流畅与准确是基础的交际方法,它们互相补充。

d 在富有交际性的课堂中,学生必须最大限度的富有创造性的使用语言。

7 练习的平衡:及时提高难度、在一定的阶段以一种练习为中心、注意因材施教、实行总体练习统筹、加强练习的整体联系。

(详见教材244页)8 教学的原则:教学原则是有效进行教学必须遵循的基本要求。

教学原则对教学中的各项活动起着指导和制约的作用。

教学原则的概念首先表明了教学原则的合目的性。

教师公招学科专业知识(中学英语)教材教法

教师公招学科专业知识(中学英语)教材教法

教师公招学科专业知识(中学英语)教材教法第一章中学英语课程基础第一节英语课程的性质和基本理念(一)英语课程的性质:1. 义务教育阶段(7—9年级)英语课程的性质:具有工具性和人文性双重性质2.高中英语课程的性质(二)英语课程的基本理念:1. 义务教育阶段(7—9年级):(1)注重素质教育,体现语言学习对学生发展的价值(2)面向全体学生,关注语言学习者的不同特点和个体差异(3)整体设计目标,充分考虑语言学习的渐进性和持续性(4)强调学习过程,重视语言学习的实践性和应用性(5)优化评价方式,着重评价学生的综合语言运用能力(6)丰富课程资源,拓展英语学习渠道2. 高中英语课程的基本理念:(1)重视共同基础,构建发展平台(2)提供多种选择,适应个性需求(3)优化学习方式,提高自主学习能力(4)关注学生情感,提高人文素养(5)完善评价体系,促进学生不断发展第二节中学英语课程目标和内容标准(一)义务教育阶段英语课程目标1.总目标:由语言技能,语言知识,情感态度,学习策略和文化意识五部分构成英语课程总目标。

义务教育阶段英语课程的总目标是:通过英语学习使学生形成初步的综合语言运用能力,促进心智发展,提高综合人文素质。

高中英语课程目标:使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上,进一步明确英语学习的目的,发展自主学习和合作学习的能力,形成有效的英语学习策略,培养学生的综合语言运用能力。

2.语言技能:主要包括听说读写等方面技能以及这些技能的综合运用。

听和读是理解的技能,说和写是表达的技能3.语言知识:语音,词汇,语法以及用于表达常见话题和功能的语言形式4.情感态度:指兴趣,动机,自信,意志和合作精神等影响学习过程和学习效果的相关因素以及在学习过程中逐渐形成的祖国意识和国际视野。

保持积极的学习态度是英语学习成功的关键。

5.学习策略:学习策略指学生为了有效的学习和使用英语而采取的各种行动和步骤以及指导这些行动和步骤的信念。

英语学习策略包括认知策略,调控策略,交际策略和资源策略等。

教师资格证考试初中英语科目三必背知识点

教师资格证考试初中英语科目三必背知识点

教师资格证考试初中英语科目三必背知识点在备课前通读一遍教材,熟悉初中英语教材的体系和内容。

通读一遍教材,能弄清初中英语教材的结构,领会初中英语教学大纲的精神,明确初中英语教学目标,分清初中英语教学的重点、难点。

分析研究课文,做到心中有数。

组织好初中英语课堂教学是初中英语教师教学工作的重要环节。

初中英语课堂教学要做到严谨、简洁、目的明确。

教态要自然大方,语言要清晰、准确、流畅。

板书要规范、实用。

教法要有利于激发学生学习兴趣,有利于学生积极参与课堂活动,有利于培养学生的运用能力。

课后辅导和作业批改是教学工作的有机组成部分。

课后辅导是课堂教学的补充和巩固,它有利于教师了解学生学习情况,及时反馈教学信息,帮助学生解决学习上的困难,指导学习方法。

作业批改可以帮助学生巩固所学知识,发现自己学习中存在的问题,及时纠正错误。

听课和观摩教学是提高初中英语教师教学水平的重要途径。

通过听课和观摩教学可以学习其他教师的长处,发现自己的不足之处,从而改进自己的教学工作。

同时也可以了解其他教师的教学方法和风格,取长补短。

课外活动是初中英语教学工作的重要组成部分。

通过开展各种形式的课外活动可以激发学生学习英语的兴趣和积极性,增强学生的英语实践能力。

如开展英语角、英语演讲比赛、英语歌曲比赛等活动可以为学生提供运用英语的机会,提高学生的英语口语表达能力。

教学目标是教学实施的基础,也是教学设计的核心。

在教师资格证考试中,初中英语的教学目标应该从语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识五个方面进行描述和设计。

语言知识目标:让学生掌握初中英语的基本词汇、语法和语言表达方式,能够正确地使用英语进行口头和书面表达。

语言技能目标:培养学生的听、说、读、写四项基本技能,使学生能够运用这些技能进行有效的交流和信息获取。

情感态度目标:通过英语学习,培养学生的自信心和积极性,使学生对英语文化和英语国家有更深入的了解,激发其学习兴趣和求知欲。

初一英语复习课教案——Units1—4语法重点回顾

初一英语复习课教案——Units1—4语法重点回顾

初一英语复习课教案——Units1—4语法重点回顾IntroductionAs students transition from elementary school to junior high school, they encounter many challenges. Among them is the need to develop stronger English language skills. In this regard, it's crucial to commence the learning process with a strong foundation in grammar. This requires a thorough review of the grammar principles taught in Units 1-4 via comprehensive revision classes. In this article, we will breakdown the key elements of Units 1-4 grammar and offer insights into how to effectively teach these ideas to students.NounsIn English, the noun is an essential element that plays a significant role in developing sentence structure. In Unit 1, students learn about the differences between common and proper nouns and their respective functions. Common nouns represent people, places, or things and aren't capitalized, while proper nouns refer to specific people, places, orthings and are capitalized. It's essential to teach studentsthe differences between these nouns, and provide examplesthat best demonstrate their application.PronounsPronouns are another essential part of English grammar and play a crucial role in referencing nouns. In Unit 2, students learn about personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns. Personal pronouns are words used to describe a person and include "I," "you," "he," "she," "it," "we," and "they." Possessive pronouns describe ownership and include words such as "mine," "yours," "his," "hers," "its," "ours," and "theirs." Demonstrative pronouns refer to specific individuals or things and include words such as "this," "that," "these," and "those."VerbsVerbs are also a fundamental part of English grammar, and in Unit 3, students learn about their importance in describing actions, states of being, and occurrences. It's essential to teach students about transitive and intransitive verbs, which describe how objects relate to their respectiveactions. Moreover, they should understand how to conjugate verbs to fit different tenses.AdjectivesAdjectives are words used to describe or provide additional information about nouns. In Unit 4, students learn about comparative and superlative adjectives, which demonstrate relative degrees of comparison. Comparative adjectives are used to compare two or more people or things, while superlative adjectives describe the highest, lowest, or most of something.ConclusionIn summary, units one to four of the English curriculum offer a robust foundation in English grammar. By reviewing key concepts such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adjectives, teachers can help students progress in their language skills. By engaging in revision classes, students learn how to construct proper sentences, and further develop their language skills. Ultimately, achieving fluency in English requires mastery of these grammar principles, which can offerlearners a significant impact on various aspects of their lives.。

初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结.doc

初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结.doc

第一部分语言知识与能力第一章英语语言知识二、语音(Speech Sounds)P781、语音分类发音方式发音部位VL - 清浊音(voiceless consonant) VD - 浊辅音(voiced consonant)2、音系学(phonology)P79(1)同化规则(assimilation Rule)progressive assimilation 顺同化(前面带偏后面)workedregressive assimilation 逆同化(后面带偏前面)newspaperreciprocal/double assimilation 互相同化 did you(2)音节(syllable) tea chi-na im-pos-si-ble重音(stress)声调(tone)(3)语音变化(vocal variety)liaison 连读 pick it upplosion 爆破音plosion loss 失去爆破 sit down ;incomplete plosion 不完全爆破 ask ed nasal plosion 鼻腔爆破 button ;lateral plosion 舌边爆破 little三、形态学(Morphology)1、morpheme 词素重点! P87(1)free morpheme 自由词素 dog ;bound morpheme 黏着词素 moonwalk(2)root 词根; affix 词缀(prefix 前缀、suffix 后缀); stem 词干friend-ships(3)inflectional affix 屈折词缀 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(4)derivational affix 派生词缀改变词性和意义2、(1)inflection 屈折变化 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(2)word-formation 词的形成:compounding 复合法 through-outderivation 派生法(prefixation 前缀化 suffixation 后缀化)il-logical-ly3、常见构词法P89invention 新创词 nylon ;blending 混成法 smoke+fog=smogclipping 截断法 advertisement=ad ;initialism 首字母连写词 WTOacronym 首字母拼音词 AIDS ;back-formation 逆构词法 editor--editanalogical creation 类似构词 work--wrought/workedtypes of borrowing 借词法:loanword/borrowing 借词 feast(法语中借来)loanblend 混合借词 Chinatown (本国加外来)loanshift 转移借词 bridge (借用意义)loan translation 翻译借词(从别种语言翻译而来)4、词义变化broadening 词义扩大 bird 小鸟--鸟类;narrowing 词义缩小 girl 年轻人--女孩meaning shift 词义转移;class shift 词性转换;folk etymology 俗词源(错多了成了对的)四、句法学(Syntax) P911、句法关系syntagmatic relation 组合关系(horizontal relation/chain relation)构成同一形式、序列或结构paradigmatic relation 聚合关系(vertical relation/choice relation)各要素可相互替换relation of co-occurrence 共现关系(不同集合的词语一起组成句子)2、句子结构和成分immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法(IC分析法)The boy ate the apple. 用树形图(tree diagram)一般句子,主谓宾之类的endocentric construction 向心结构一个词或词组可以确定为中心(center)或中心词(head)two stone bridge 一般名词/动词/形容词短语exocentric construction 离心结构没有确定的中心或中心词 The boy smiled. 一般动宾/系表结构deep structure 深层结构(含义相同,说法不同)surface structure 表层结构(句子表述方式)5、语义学(Semantics) P93(1)涵义关系(Sense Relations)lexical relation 词汇关系(1)同义关系(Synonymy)synonyms 同义词stylistic 文体差别(formality) buy--perchase ;dialectal 地域差别underground--subwaycollocational 搭配差别 accuse(of)--charge(with) ;emotive 情感差别 thrifty--stingy ;semantic 语义差别 enough--ample(2)反义关系(Antonymy)antonyms 反义词 relational opposites 意义相反词gradable antonymy 等级反义 warm--coolcomplementary antonymy 互补反义 boy--girlconverse antonymy 反向反义关系 buy--sell(3)上下义关系(Hyponymy)种类和成员包括上坐标词(superordinate)和下义词(hyponymy) flower--rose/tulip(4)一词多义(Polysemy)(5)同音/同形异义现象(Homonymy)homophone 同音异义 sun--sonhomograph 同形异义 liecomplete homonym 完全同音同形异义 bank 岸边;银行2、句子逻辑关系 iff--充分必要条件“S is true iff P”P就是S的真值条件(truth condition)P(1)synonymy 同义关系“X is synonymous with Y.”同真同假 P95(2)contradiction 矛盾关系“X is inconsistent with Y.”一真一假(3)entailment 蕴含关系“X entails Y.” X小,Y大 X:old man Y:man (4)presupposition 预设关系“X presupposes Y.” Y是前提 X:repair the car Y:have a car六、语用学(Pragmatics) P961、言语行为理论(Speech Act Theory)(1)locutionary act 发话行为(说话人表达字面意思)is the act of saying something which is meaningful an can be understood.(2)illocutionary act 行事行为(说话人表达意图)is the act in saying something to perform a function.(3)perlocutionary act 取效行为(作用于听话人的效果)is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying something.言外之意(illocutionary point):representatives 阐述类; directives 指令类; commissives 承诺类;expressives 表达类; declarations 宣告类1、会话含义理论(Conversational Principle/Maxim) violate 违反 P97cooperative principle,CP 合作原则(会话有共同目标)“Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.”(1)the maxim of quantity数量准则(信息充分)(2)the maxim of quality质量准则(说实话)(3)the maxim of relation相关准则(说相关的事)(4)the maxim of manner方式准则(清楚简洁避免歧义)conversational implicature 会话含义(用会话准则暗示意义)(1)calculability 可推导性(含义能理解)(2)cancellability 可取消性(defeasibility)(因素变化,含义变化)(3)non-detachability 不可分离性(含义依附于内容)(4)non-conventionality非规约性(含义不确定)七、修辞学(Rhetoric)问法:rhetoric/rhetorical device 修辞策略 P981、simile明喻 like,as...as,as if,as though,similar to,such as2、metaphor隐喻(暗含比较) elephant pause3、personification拟人(把事物或概念当做人)4、metonymy借代(用事物的名称代替亲密相关的另一事物)5、synecdoche提喻(部分代替整体或整体代替部分) hand/mouth--man6、euphemism婉言 die--pass away7、irony反语(意思相反)8、allegory讽喻9、exaggeration夸张(夸大或缩小使表达生动有趣)10、transferred epithet移位修辞 nervous exam11、oxymoron矛盾修辞 bitter-sweet memory12、pun双关语(homophonic puns 谐音双关;homographic puns 语义双关)八、语言教学 P1001、中介语(interlanguage)2、对比分析(contrastive analysis)3、错误分析(error analysis)(1)error错误(因为知识不足)mistake失误(不注意犯错)(2)interlingual errors语际错误(迁移错误)因为母语 Cnglishintralingual errors语内错误(发展性错误)因为过度概括语言规则 eat-eated(错)4、错误性质:omissions 省略(少成分);additions 添加(多成分);misformations 形式错误(eated);double markings 双重标记(didn’t went);misorderings 顺序错误(how you are)5、我国外语学习者错误类型(1)negative transfer 负迁移/干扰因为母语(2)over-generalization过度类推/过度概括因为过度概括语言规则(3)pragmatic failure语用错误违反对方的文化习俗6、第二外语习得理论(Second Language Acquisition,SLA)(1)Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis语言习得和学得假说(习得和学得两条不同的途径)(2)Monitor Hypothesis语言监察假说(学习者自己监督控制语言输出质量)(3)Input Hypothesis语言输入假说(接触理解可理解性语言输入comprehensible input)(4)Affective Filter Hypothesis情感过滤假说(输入input和吸收intake受到动力motivation、性格personality、情感状态affective state)(5)Natural Order Hypothesis自然顺序假说(可以不按任何语法顺序来教学)第二章英语语言运用能力一、教学中的非语言交际1、非语言手段 P118environment language环境语(座位安排、时间信息、室内标示装饰、声音灯光等)object language客体语(个人,衣着化妆、个人用品等)2、非语言行为body language体态语(身姿、手势、表情、目光)paralanguage 副语言(声音音质、音量、语调、语速)第三章英语国家的语言、历史和文学三、语言、文化和社会1、局部结构 P131毗邻对(adjacency pairs)一轮对话(1)毗邻对的条件相关性(conditional relevance)preferred second part/preference structure 优选结构 Hidispreferred second part/dispreference structure 非优选结构relevant absence 相关缺失(2)毗邻对的扩展base pairs 根毗邻对(被其他会话扩展之前的毗邻对)前扩展,指前序列(pre-sequences),包括邀请、请求、结束、宣告中扩展,包括插入序列(insertion sequences)和旁侧序列(side sequences)后扩展,指后序列(post sequences),包括会话修正和主体化2、会话修正会话修正机制三个部分:修正源(trouble source)、修正的发起(repair initiation)、修正(repair)lexical 词汇启动(no,sorry,let me see,you know)non-lexical 非词汇启动(um..,uh..)四、语言与文字1、小说语言 P134(1)小说与视角first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者(I)third-person narrator第三人称叙述者(he,she,it,they)(2)语言表达与思想表达direct speech 直接言语(“F**k you”)indirect speech间接言语(he said/asked)free indirect speech 自由间接言语第二部分语言教学知识与能力第一章初中英语课程标准一、初中英语课程基础知识1、英语课程的性质 P149The nature of English Curriculum is instrumentality/tool and humanity.(工具性和人文性)Students’ overall development is the motivation and goal of the English curriculum.2、英语课程的设计思路The design of the new National English Curriculum unifies both primary and secondary school English into one continuum of development and divides English language teaching and learning into nine competence-based levels by adopting the international general classification method.Level 5 is the required standard for the end of junior middle school. Level 2--primary school二、英语课程的分级标准 P1541、语言技能(Language Skills)Overall performance objectives for each level are given in addition to detailed descriptions of abilities regarding language knowledge, language skills, affect, learning strategies as well as cultural awareness for relevant levels.2、语言知识(Language Knowledge)(语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题)Students are required to learn consists of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, function and theme.3、情感态度(Affect)(兴趣、动机、自信、意志和合作精神;祖国意识和国际视野)interest, motivation, confidence, will and cooperation; National consciousness and international vision.4、学习策略(Learning Strategies)(认知、调控、交际、资源)Learning strategies can be classified into four groups: cognitive strategy, regulative strategy, communicative strategy and resourcing strategy.5、文化意识(Cultural Awareness/Understanding)(历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、行为规范、文学艺术、价值观念)Historical geography, local customs, traditional customs, lifestyle, norms of behavior, literature and art, values.三、英语课程的实施建议 P1611、教学建议(1)面向全体学生,为每个学生学习英语奠定基础(2)注意语言实践,培养学生的语言运用能力(3)加强学习策略指导,培养学生自主学习能力(4)培养学生的跨文化交际意识,发展跨文化交际能力(5)结合实际教学需要,创造性地使用教材(6)合理利用各种教学资源,提高学生的学习效率(7)组织生动活泼的课外活动,拓展学生的学习渠道(8)不断提高专业水平,努力适应课程要求第二章初中英语教学基本理论一、语言观(Views of Language) P1731、语言的概念Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2、语言的本质特征/设计特性(design features)(1)arbitrariness 任意性(体现了convention规约性)(2)duality 二重性(basic level, higher level基层和高层)(3)creativity 创造性/productivity能产性(4)displacement 移位性(赋予generalizations, abstractions概括和抽象)(5)cultural transmission 文化传习性3、语言的功能(Functions of Language)(1)informative function信息功能(2)interpersonal function人际功能(3)performative function施为功能(4)emotive function情绪功能(5)phatic function寒暄功能(6)recreational function娱乐功能(7)metalingual function元语言功能4、语言学角度的语言观(1)The Structural View of Language 结构语言观the structural view sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: phonology, morphology, lexicology and syntax.(2)The Function View of Language 功能语言观the function view sees language not only as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.(3)The Interactional View of Language 交互语言观(interaction, dynamics交互性和动态)the interactional view of language considers language as a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.(2)语言学习观(Views of Language Learning) P1761、语言学习理论(1)Behaviorist Learning Theory 行为主义学习理论Behaviorism is an approach to psychology that arouses out of the ideas that attempted to explain all learning in terms of some form of conditioning (stimulus, response, and reinforcement)(2)Cognitive Learning Theory认知主义学习理论Cognitive theory thinks that “language is a intricate rule-based system and with a knowledge of the finite rules (language competence), infinite sentences can be produced”.(3)Constructivist Learning Theory构建主义学习理论The constructivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his own experiences and what he already knows.最近发展区理论 Zone of Proximal Development三、语言教学观(Views of Language Teaching) P1781、语言教学理论(结构主义教学理论、认知主义教学理论、社会语言学理论)4、外语教学法的主要流派(1)grammar-translation method 语法翻译法(2)audio-lingual method 听说法(pattern drill 句型操练、contrastive analysis 对比分析法)(3)total physical response 全身反应教学法 P181(4)cognitive approach 认知教学法(提高accuracy, appropriateness得体性)(5)communicate approach 交际法(包含function,notion功能和意念) P183 (1)交际能力(communicative competence)grammatical competence 语法能力、sociolinguistic 社会语言能力、discourse 语篇能力、strategic 策略能力、linguistic 语言能力、pragmatic语用能力、fluency流利性(2)3P教学模式:presentation--practice--production(6)task-based approach任务型教学 P1841、real-world tasks /target tasks 目标任务; pedagogical tasks 教学任务2、任务的四个构成元素:objective、context、process、outcome3、information gap 信息差/信息沟activities must have clear and attainable objectives./should be confined to the classroom context./should help develop students’ language ability.4、constructivism learning theory建构主义学习理论(强调scene, writing, conversation, and meaning construction情景、写作、会话和意义建构)5、任务型教学的三个环节:pre-task前任务、task-cycle任务环(task、planning、report)、language focus语言聚焦(analysis、practice)第三章初中英语语言知识教学一、语音教学 P1921、语音教学的内容The realistic goal of teaching pronunciation should be①consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and natural.②intelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners.③communicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.2、Pronunciation knowledge teaching发音知识教学(monophonic, alphabet, phonetic symbols单音、字母、音标)3、Flow of language teaching语流教学(sounds, stress, rhythm, and intonation重音、节奏、语调)(4)The principle of phonetic teaching语音教学的原则(accuracy, long-term, integrity, communication, pertinence, interest准确性、长期性、整体性、交际性、针对性、趣味性原则)(5)The teaching method of phonetics语音的教学方法 P195(1)Sound perception听音感知练习方法:using minimal pairs 最小对立体(live--leave)、which order 排序、same or different 辨别异同、odd one out 同中选异、completion 填空(2)Imitation and explanation 模仿讲解personally demonstration、imitate、 practice亲自示范,反复模仿、练习(3)Pronunciation practice发音练习练习方法:listen and repeat 听音模仿、fill in the blanks 填空、using pictures 借助图片、using meaningful context 借助情景make up sentences 造句、using togue twisters运用绕口令(4)语流教学(见上)慢动作(slow motion speaking)二、词汇教学 P197 language teaching theories 理论构成:receptive/passive vocabulary 接受性/消极词汇和productive/产出性/积极词汇1、Learning content教学内容(1)word meaning 词汇的意义 include learning form,meaning and use.Knowing a word means: knowing its pronunciation and stress/ its spelling and grammatical properties/ its meaning/ how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.词汇意义包括conceptual meaning 、 associated meaning 概念意义和关联意义概念意义:词典中意思,即literal meaning/ denotation 字面意思/词汇的外延、关联意义:文化含义与语境意义,又称connotation 词汇的内涵( learn in the context )(2)word use 词汇的用法包括:collocation/ phrases/ idiom/ style/ register 搭配、词组、习语、风格、语域(3)word information 词汇信息包括:part of speech/ prefixes/ suffixes/ spelling/ pronunciation/ grammar features 词类、前缀、后缀、拼写、发音、语法特征(4)word memory strategies 词汇记忆策略avoid rote-learning 避免死记硬背 word-building构词法猜测词义2、Learning principle教学原则(1)音形义结合 pronounce、spelling、meaning(2)词块整体教学 lexical chunks ( knowledge of collocation 搭配)(3)具体语境中教 learn in the context(4)循序渐进 step by step(5)反复练习巩固记忆 review(6)培养自学词汇能力 deduce the meaning of words猜测词义3、Teaching method教学方法 P200(1)呈现词汇:visual/physical demonstration 直观呈现Word-building 构词法、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义反义词、翻译、举例、问答 verbal context/ situation 结合语境/创设情境运用词汇学习策略,如chunks/ reasoning/ analog/ using dictionary归类/推理/类比/查字典(2)巩固词汇:labelling/ spot the difference/ describe the draw/ play a game/ word bingo/word association贴标签/找茬/描述绘画/玩游戏(宾果)/词汇联想三、语法教学 P2011、Content 教学内容grammar语法具有Three dimensions三维性:form, meaning and usage形式、意义和用法semantic语义包括grammatical form/the grammatical meaning of thestructure/contents of meaning语法形式、结构的语法意义和内容意义task 教学任务:语法rules规则的cognition/ drill/ application认知/操练/应用、the generation of grammar consciousness语法意识的生成2、Principle 教学原则(交际性/实践性、集中分散相结合、趣味性/通俗性)grammar teaching should be:(1)collocational:the grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.(2)Constructive:one's knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit,which closely model the way language is learned and used.(3)Contextual:syntactic and lexical choices are explicitly related to pragmatic ones,and to social and cultural contexts.(4)Contrastive:grammar involves drawing the learner's attention to contrast the differences between the target language and other languages,and between sets of similar features and items of the target language.3、Method教学方法 P202(1)deductive method 演绎法(讲解规则,结合实例分析用法,句型练习)features: It saves time/pays more attention to form/teaches grammar in a decontextualized situation脱离上下文(2)inductive method 归纳法(学生自行归纳语法规则)start with examples and guides ss to work out the rules(3)guided discovery method 引导发现法(学生归纳总结语法规则,老师强化其形式意义)四、语篇教学 P2041、概念和结构(1)Conception 概念discourse pattern语篇可以是dialogue、monologue对话、独白,包括written/spoken language 书面语、口语,form形式上是cohesion衔接的,semantic语义上是coherence 连贯的(2)Tactic pattern结构模式语段/句群、句际关系(并列、顺序、层递、转折)(3)Cohesive device 衔接手段logical connectors逻辑纽带(firstly, thus, on the other hand, if not)grammatical connectors语法纽带(时态什么的)Lexical connectors词汇纽带(repetition重复、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义/反义词)Develop ss’ skill of recognizing discourse patterns训练方式:checking the logic of the author’s arguments.getting the scrambled sentences into a paragraph.(focus on textual coherence) marking out common openers to stories and jokes.2、教学内涵Aims at developing ss’ discourse awareness.(teacher asks ss to concentrate on such features as structure, coherence and cohesion of a text)3、教学方法 P207overall effectiveness整体性效能(用knowledge transfer知识迁移实现,重在cultivate application ability应用能力培养)、overall grasp of the discourse语篇的整体把握Teaching language at the discourse level :utterance function / expected response/ congratulation/ apology/ acceptance/ inform.第四章初中英语语言技能教学 P212一、听力教学1、影响听力的主要因素(1)objective factor客观因素:types of language used 语言特征(语速/tone音调/pause 停顿/liaison连读)、task or purpose in listening 听力任务、context in which the listening occurs文化背景知识(2)subjective factor主观因素:psychological心理因素、knowledge skills知识技能因素、methods and tactics方法与策略因素2、听力教学的要领(1)合理选择听力material材料(authenticity真实性、intelligibility可理解性、diversity/variety多样性)(2)建立专门的听力training system训练体系(3)优化心理氛围,降低焦虑感(arouse interest调动兴趣、放松)(4)重视听的过程中的skill training技巧训练prediction 预测、guess 猜测、coherent memory 连贯记忆(note-taking)、identifying the discourse markers辨认语段标记(5)科学设计听力练习3、听力训练的type类型 P216(1)Focus listening精听(tonal discrimination辨音、gap filling填空、dictation 听写)听写形式:dictogloss听释、fast-speech dictation快速听写、pause and paraphrase听写大意、listening cloze 完形听写、error identification纠错听写、jigsaw identification线索听写(2)Gist listening泛听( decide on the best title )(3)Free listening随意听4、听力教学model模式(1)Bottom-up model“自下而上”(强调language knowledge语言知识)(2)Top-down model“自上而下”(侧重background information背景知识)5、听力教学的过程 P2181、Pre-listening tasks 听前环节(brainstorming/discuss a relevant picture/writing question about the topic/associating vocabularies with the topic)2、While-listening tasks听中环节(辨音、获取主要信息、预测、猜词悟义)3、Post-listening tasks 听后环节(writing a similar text作文、discussion讨论)二、口语教学 P2191、Spoken language口语的特点(fragmentation结构不完整性、involvement人和场合紧密依存性)(1)语法特征:There are four common features of spoken language:Using less complex syntax.语法Taking short cuts,e.g.incomplete sentences.(and, or,but)Using fixed conventional phrases/chunks.俗语(fashionable word, two-part allegorical saying,colloquialism,slang,phrasal verbs 歇后语/口语词/俚语/短语动词)Using devices such as fillers,hesitation device to give time to think before speaking.结构特征:往往借助filler补白词(you know, let me see, um)形象特征:说话人的表情、语气及态度等body language身体语言;音质/声调/重音/停顿(2)口语的交际特点“说”受语言rule规则支配/时间factor因素制约/对方response反应影响2、口语教学的要领(1)在听的基础上培养说的能力(使输入的信息量大于输出的信息量)(2)组织多样化的口语活动形式口语活动类型:pre-communicative activities 前交际活动(操练/模仿/重复)和communicative activities 交际活动(信息差活动/解决问题活动/讨论/辩论/采访/游戏)(3)正确处理准确与流利的关系Accuracy( identify particular phonemes on tape )Fluency( shouldn’t interrupt )(4)创造浓厚外语氛围,鼓励学生敢说乐说The characteristics of a successful speaking task:maximum foreign talk/even participation/high motivation/right language level (5)合理选择口语组织形式,增加学生开口的机会(小组形式/单双人活动)3、口语训练的方法imitativeness模仿性、monologue独白性、performing表演性的口语表达三、阅读教学 P2231、外语阅读的type/form类型(1)根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Adaptive reading适应性阅读recognition--read--silent-reading认读--朗读--默读Learning reading学习型阅读plain substance主旨浅显information信息量大,强调阅读速度comprehension理解性阅读real material材料真实、wide theme题材广泛、various types体裁多样,higher difficulty 难度较高(2)根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Skinning 面式读法/略读(掌握全文大意或中心思想;报刊、新书)quickly get the gistScanning 点式读法/寻读/跳读(查找具体信息;时间、人名、地点、数字)specific informationIntensive reading 线式读法/精读(详细地阅读,深入分析、理解和记忆)read in detailExtensive reading 纵式读法/泛读(广泛地阅读,阅读速度、快速理解能力、拓宽视野) facilitate process of accumulating vocabulary / increasing target language expose/ broadening scope of vision(3)根据阅读理解的层次划分Literal comprehension 字面理解(依靠语言知识/能力辨认词义和语法结构)language knowledge/competence identify meaning and grammatical structure Inferential/interpretive comprehension 推断性理解(经历、直觉、逻辑判断理解未明示信息)experience/ intuition/ logic judge and understand unexpressed information Evaluative comprehension 评价性理解/应用性理解(理解文章信息的价值)valueAppreciative comprehension 欣赏性理解(情感熏陶和思想启迪)Emotional influence and thought enlightenment2、阅读教学的要领 P226(1)合理选择阅读材料Language difficulties 难度(难于略高于学习者现有水平)higher than present levelInterest 趣味性(充满可读性,激发求知欲和好奇心)readability、thirst for knowledge and curiosityAuthenticity 真实性(英语本族语者撰写)written by native English speakersComprehensiveness 宽泛性(内容反映历史、人物、风土人情、文化习俗以及时尚流行,体裁和题材丰富多样)content various type or forms of literature and theme(2)建立分析性(精读)与综合性(泛读)相结合的阅读教学体系分析性阅读与综合性阅读教学的分工改进现行分析性阅读教学模式,落实阅读训练综合性阅读教学应正规化、课程化(3)重视阅读three elements三要素的培养vocabulary词汇、comprehend理解(topic sentence主题句)、speed速度(4)重视阅读过程中的技巧训练prediction预测、reading for specific抓中心思想、reading for specific information 获取特殊信息、inferring推理(reading between the lines)、identifying the discourse types确认语篇3、阅读教学的approach模式 P2291、The top-down model 自上而下模式为主(pre-reading activities读前环节活动的开展)2、The bottom-up model 自下而上模式为辅(小到大的语言文字单位,重视词汇教学)teaching a text by introducing new vocabularies or structuresfollow the sequence of teaching new words, sentences and then the whole passage 3、The interactive-compensatory approach交互补偿模式4、阅读教学的过程1、Pre-reading tasks 读前环节(背景知识、写作风格、西方风俗)predicting what a passage is about/ creating a word web related to a topic/ sharing what is already known about a topic2、While-reading tasks读中环节(保障充足阅读时间、阅读技能训练)3、Post-reading tasks 读后环节(思维和实践活动)四、写作教学 P2311、写的教学要领(1)Motivate writing motivation 激发写作动机communicative purpose; audience awareness 交际目的读者意识(2)指导写作技巧:写的单项训练(结合语音教学)语篇写作技巧(design skills构思技巧;过程构思、文本构思;model essay范文是有力工具)skill of planning: finding ideas and put them in order(3)根据不同文体风格指导相应的写作策略Formal writing 正式文体(第三人称)typical feature: the precision of language is a priority 语言精确优先well-organized structure 有序的结构wide range of vocabulary and structural patterns 有结构的模式technical terms and definitions 专用名词和定义Informal writing 非正式文体(一、二人称)typical feature: short and incomplete sentences are common 多为短句、简单句(4)分阶段设计教学活动,训练写作技能Controlled writing 控制性写作(gap filling/ transcribe/ sentence pattern transformation填空/抄写/句型转换)Guided writing 指导性写作(completion/ reproduction/ compression/ transformation 续写/复写/缩写/转写)Free writing 自由写作(5)写、correct/ amend改、evaluate评相结合2、写作教学的模式(1)Product-oriented approach注重结果(给题目--写--改,注重语篇整体)(2)Content-oriented approach注重内容(收集材料--组织文章--修改,写前准备)(3)Process-oriented approach注重过程(准备--写作--修改--再改,写作能力)what/how to write peer-editing3、写作教学的process过程一、Pre-writing tasks写前环节的任务和活动(gather and organize ideas激发写作动机)The main procedures of process writing include creating a motivation to write, brainstorming,mapping,freewriting,outlining,drafting,editing,revising,proofreading and conferencing.二、While-writing tasks写中环节的任务和活动(organize written组织成文)drafting, peer-editing, revising三、Post-writing tasks写后环节的任务和活动(comments and feedback 点评和反馈) conferencing第三部分教学设计第一章教学设计skill技能一、教学设计概述 P2411、概念:传统的instructional design 教学设计即lesson planning 备课考虑“如何学”最核心的部分是lesson plan 教案It’s a teaching guide/ It takes into account syllabus教学大纲 and ss./It describes in advance提前 what about how to teach.2、教学设计principle原则aims目标性原则 variety 多样性原则 flexibility 灵活性原则learnability可学性原则 linkage 衔接性选择 feasibility 可行性原则3、教学设计的basic requirements基本要求A language lesson plan usually has the following components:background information,teaching aims, language contents and skills, stages and procedures, teaching aids, assignments, and teacher's after-lesson reflection.4、教学设计新concept理念(1)学生参与课堂设计的自主性(2)教学设计贯穿课堂教学的全过程(3)教学设计的确定性与不确定性相统一5、教学设计的pattern模式Analysis----design----evaluation 分析----设计----评价分析:学习需求(学习objectives目标分析是关键)、学习者、学习content内容设计:教学strategy策略、教学course过程(task appearance--preparation--accomplishment--consolidation 任务呈现--任务准备--任务完成--语言巩固)、教学technique技术评价:教学target目标是否达成是评价教学设计有效性的关键反馈修正(feedback correction):教学评价能够提供大量的教学反馈信息6、英语教学设计的concrete form 具体形式(1)表格式 table form分别陈述学生/教师活动,说明活动目的/意图,突出教学design 设计的理念(2)流程图式 flow chart form 展示教学process过程(format格式不同)(3)叙述式 narrative form二、学情分析 P2481、学习者分析(1)认知特征(2)学习风格 authority-oriented learners崇尚权威型;analytical learners分析型; concrete learners具体型;communicative learners交际型(3)学习方式 accepted 接受性;experience 体验性;independent 自主性;Cooperation 合作性;exploration 探究性2、学习需求分析(1)learning needs的内涵学习目前状态与期望状态之间的差距(2)学习需求分析的内容和方法data collection 数据采集;analyze 分析三、教学内容分析 P2511、教学内容的选择把握fundamentality基础性(vocabulary/ syntactic structure/ language competence/ learning strategy/ cultural knowledge词汇/句法结构/语言能力/学习策略/文化知识)adaptation 适应性(age/ cognitive characteristic 年龄/认知特点)high frequency高频性(frequently used经常使用的)enjoyment 趣味性(激发学习兴趣,保证学习effectiveness 有效性)2、正确理解textbook教材(1)分析教材 textbook evaluation provides authentic language/ matches the needs of learners/ can help realize the objectives of a language program(2)处理教材的方法(LARA法:leave-adapt-replace-add)(3)教材的使用:活化教材、挖掘资源、选准话题(探究性、开放性、生成性)When a teacher using an ELT course book, he should:select appropriate supporting materials and resources.interpret curriculum goals and its expectations for the course.plan lessons in relation to specific goals, topics, texts, and tasks.3、Auxiliary teaching materials辅助教学材料的screening筛选(1)教学材料筛选的原则:启发式、因材施教、动态生成、适时适度(2)教学材料筛选的策略:遵循理念、吃透教材、研究学生(3)辅助教学材料的分类:知识类、技能类、课外活动类、教学辅助类、自主学习类四、教学目标 P255(1)教学目标的陈述内容三个维度:knowledge objective/ ability objective/ emotion objective知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观(2)教学目标的陈述要素以行为目标来陈述教学目标,包括四个要素:ABCD模式A-audience 主体或听众(程度副词/百分比/范围副词)+主语(ss/learners)B-behavior 行为listen,sing,imitate,recite,depict,recognize,apply,understand,know,master,enjoy C-conditions 条件after this class, under the guidance of the teacher, after attending a lecture,with the help of substances, through imitation/repeatD-degree 程度/标准clearly, fluently, correctly, efficiently, basically, preliminarily, smoothly, appropriately(3)教学目标的陈述方式按照层级划分有三种goals,aims,objectives(course goals, teaching aims)(1)结果性目标(知识与技能)(2)体验性目标或表现性目标(过程与方法、情感态度与价值观)(4)教学目标的陈述原则comprehensive、suitable、specific、 accurate全面、恰当(目标层次性/内容和已有知识一致性/教学活动连贯性)、具体、准确五、教学重难点 P2591、教学重难点的meaning涵义(1)Teaching key/ Important point教学重点称为subject学科教学的core knowledge核心知识(2)Teaching difficult point 教学难点(3)教学重难点的relation关系教学重点:stability、chronicity 稳定性、长期性教学难点:temporary、relativity 暂时性、相对性2、教学重难点的确定(1)深刻理解课程标准熟悉和贯彻执行课程标准的内容要求(2)深入研究教材教材是教学的主要依据(3)了解学生的实际情况学生是教学的对象/主体(4)善于总结经验虚心学习、不断提高自身教学素质和能力3、突出重点、突破难点的method方法metaphor description比喻说明法、list comparison 列表对比法、exercise 练习法、 Multimedia assisted instruction 多媒体辅助教学法、game activity游戏活动法六、教堂教学process过程设计 P260教学过程(teaching procedure)实现教学、发展和教育三大功能1、课堂导入活动的设计Lead-in导入应达到“3A”的功效:arouse激励启发;advertise引起注意;advance促进(1)课堂导入的方法复习导入法(新旧知识的联结点)、直观导入法(直观教具或多媒体手段)情境导入法(duty report/音乐/故事/游戏导入)、悬念导入法(呈现一系列问题)(2)注意事项导入时间不宜过长(5’/45’);符合教学目标/内容;从学生实际出发(年龄、性格、认知特征);方式新颖有创意2、语言学习与实践活动的设计(呈现、讲解、练习巩固和实践新语言知识)(1)呈现活动的设计(presentation)问题呈现、情景呈现、故事呈现(完整故事贯穿整个课堂教学)、直观呈现(简笔画/图片/模型/幻灯片/身势语)。

江西教师招聘备考:中学英语复习要点汇总一

江西教师招聘备考:中学英语复习要点汇总一

江西教师招聘备考:中学英语复习要点汇总一一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, w atch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry -strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoma n-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,tooth-teeth fish-fish, pe ople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。

3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加n ot,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。

4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。

动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-w atches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

山西教师招聘:中学英语复习要点汇总一

山西教师招聘:中学英语复习要点汇总一

山西教师考试网,为考生整理的中学英语复习要点汇总一,希望考生能够顺利通关。

一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。

3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。

4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。

动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

福建教师招聘考试中学英语知识点

福建教师招聘考试中学英语知识点

中学阶段的学生英语基础不牢固,需要夯实基础,老师的教学起到十分关键的作用。

本文根据福建教师招考中考试大纲对中学英语的要求,梳理了《How do you get to school?》教案,方便老师更加顺利地开展教学。

一、教学目标1.语言知识目标:(1)掌握以下单词:train, bus, subway, ride, bike, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, far, minute, kilometer, new, every, every day(2)能掌握以下句型:①—How do you get to school? —I take the …/ride …/ walk…②—How does Mary get to school? —She takes the subway.(3)how引导的特殊疑问句,表示乘坐何种交通工具的方式。

how far, how long 引导的特殊疑问句。

2.情感态度价值观目标:让学生感受到西方文化的奇妙,将不同的语言融入到学生生活中,给日常学习带来极大的乐趣,增强学生的表达能力,使学生的学习兴趣变强。

二、教学重难点1.教学重点:(1)how /how far /how long 引导的特殊疑问句.(2)乘坐交通工具的表示方法.(3)It takes / sb some time to do sth .2.教学难点:—How do you get to school? —I take the …/ride …/ walk…—How does Mary get to school? —She takes the subway.三、教学方法用幻灯片将本课所需要的录音、图片、文字、制成多媒体课件,使抽象的语言变得直观,为学生运用英语进行交际创设情景,实现师生互动,生生互动和人机互动的多向交流。

主要采用任务型教学法、情景交际法、交际教学法和游戏活动法。

初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结.doc

初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结.doc

第一部分语言知识与能力第一章英语语言知识二、语音(Speech Sounds)P781、语音分类发音方式发音部位VL - 清浊音(voiceless consonant) VD - 浊辅音(voiced consonant)2、音系学(phonology)P79(1)同化规则(assimilation Rule)progressive assimilation 顺同化(前面带偏后面)workedregressive assimilation 逆同化(后面带偏前面)newspaperreciprocal/double assimilation 互相同化 did you(2)音节(syllable) tea chi-na im-pos-si-ble重音(stress)声调(tone)(3)语音变化(vocal variety)liaison 连读 pick it upplosion 爆破音plosion loss 失去爆破 sit down ;incomplete plosion 不完全爆破 ask ed nasal plosion 鼻腔爆破 button ;lateral plosion 舌边爆破 little三、形态学(Morphology)1、morpheme 词素重点! P87(1)free morpheme 自由词素 dog ;bound morpheme 黏着词素 moonwalk(2)root 词根; affix 词缀(prefix 前缀、suffix 后缀); stem 词干friend-ships(3)inflectional affix 屈折词缀 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(4)derivational affix 派生词缀改变词性和意义2、(1)inflection 屈折变化 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(2)word-formation 词的形成:compounding 复合法 through-outderivation 派生法(prefixation 前缀化 suffixation 后缀化)il-logical-ly3、常见构词法P89invention 新创词 nylon ;blending 混成法 smoke+fog=smogclipping 截断法 advertisement=ad ;initialism 首字母连写词 WTOacronym 首字母拼音词 AIDS ;back-formation 逆构词法 editor--editanalogical creation 类似构词 work--wrought/workedtypes of borrowing 借词法:loanword/borrowing 借词 feast(法语中借来)loanblend 混合借词 Chinatown (本国加外来)loanshift 转移借词 bridge (借用意义)loan translation 翻译借词(从别种语言翻译而来)4、词义变化broadening 词义扩大 bird 小鸟--鸟类;narrowing 词义缩小 girl 年轻人--女孩meaning shift 词义转移;class shift 词性转换;folk etymology 俗词源(错多了成了对的)四、句法学(Syntax) P911、句法关系syntagmatic relation 组合关系(horizontal relation/chain relation)构成同一形式、序列或结构paradigmatic relation 聚合关系(vertical relation/choice relation)各要素可相互替换relation of co-occurrence 共现关系(不同集合的词语一起组成句子)2、句子结构和成分immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法(IC分析法)The boy ate the apple. 用树形图(tree diagram)一般句子,主谓宾之类的endocentric construction 向心结构一个词或词组可以确定为中心(center)或中心词(head)two stone bridge 一般名词/动词/形容词短语exocentric construction 离心结构没有确定的中心或中心词 The boy smiled. 一般动宾/系表结构deep structure 深层结构(含义相同,说法不同)surface structure 表层结构(句子表述方式)5、语义学(Semantics) P93(1)涵义关系(Sense Relations)lexical relation 词汇关系(1)同义关系(Synonymy)synonyms 同义词stylistic 文体差别(formality) buy--perchase ;dialectal 地域差别underground--subwaycollocational 搭配差别 accuse(of)--charge(with) ;emotive 情感差别 thrifty--stingy ;semantic 语义差别 enough--ample(2)反义关系(Antonymy)antonyms 反义词 relational opposites 意义相反词gradable antonymy 等级反义 warm--coolcomplementary antonymy 互补反义 boy--girlconverse antonymy 反向反义关系 buy--sell(3)上下义关系(Hyponymy)种类和成员包括上坐标词(superordinate)和下义词(hyponymy) flower--rose/tulip(4)一词多义(Polysemy)(5)同音/同形异义现象(Homonymy)homophone 同音异义 sun--sonhomograph 同形异义 liecomplete homonym 完全同音同形异义 bank 岸边;银行2、句子逻辑关系 iff--充分必要条件“S is true iff P”P就是S的真值条件(truth condition)P(1)synonymy 同义关系“X is synonymous with Y.”同真同假 P95(2)contradiction 矛盾关系“X is inconsistent with Y.”一真一假(3)entailment 蕴含关系“X entails Y.” X小,Y大 X:old man Y:man (4)presupposition 预设关系“X presupposes Y.” Y是前提 X:repair the car Y:have a car六、语用学(Pragmatics) P961、言语行为理论(Speech Act Theory)(1)locutionary act 发话行为(说话人表达字面意思)is the act of saying something which is meaningful an can be understood.(2)illocutionary act 行事行为(说话人表达意图)is the act in saying something to perform a function.(3)perlocutionary act 取效行为(作用于听话人的效果)is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying something.言外之意(illocutionary point):representatives 阐述类; directives 指令类; commissives 承诺类;expressives 表达类; declarations 宣告类1、会话含义理论(Conversational Principle/Maxim) violate 违反 P97cooperative principle,CP 合作原则(会话有共同目标)“Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.”(1)the maxim of quantity数量准则(信息充分)(2)the maxim of quality质量准则(说实话)(3)the maxim of relation相关准则(说相关的事)(4)the maxim of manner方式准则(清楚简洁避免歧义)conversational implicature 会话含义(用会话准则暗示意义)(1)calculability 可推导性(含义能理解)(2)cancellability 可取消性(defeasibility)(因素变化,含义变化)(3)non-detachability 不可分离性(含义依附于内容)(4)non-conventionality非规约性(含义不确定)七、修辞学(Rhetoric)问法:rhetoric/rhetorical device 修辞策略 P981、simile明喻 like,as...as,as if,as though,similar to,such as2、metaphor隐喻(暗含比较) elephant pause3、personification拟人(把事物或概念当做人)4、metonymy借代(用事物的名称代替亲密相关的另一事物)5、synecdoche提喻(部分代替整体或整体代替部分) hand/mouth--man6、euphemism婉言 die--pass away7、irony反语(意思相反)8、allegory讽喻9、exaggeration夸张(夸大或缩小使表达生动有趣)10、transferred epithet移位修辞 nervous exam11、oxymoron矛盾修辞 bitter-sweet memory12、pun双关语(homophonic puns 谐音双关;homographic puns 语义双关)八、语言教学 P1001、中介语(interlanguage)2、对比分析(contrastive analysis)3、错误分析(error analysis)(1)error错误(因为知识不足)mistake失误(不注意犯错)(2)interlingual errors语际错误(迁移错误)因为母语 Cnglishintralingual errors语内错误(发展性错误)因为过度概括语言规则 eat-eated(错)4、错误性质:omissions 省略(少成分);additions 添加(多成分);misformations 形式错误(eated);double markings 双重标记(didn’t went);misorderings 顺序错误(how you are)5、我国外语学习者错误类型(1)negative transfer 负迁移/干扰因为母语(2)over-generalization过度类推/过度概括因为过度概括语言规则(3)pragmatic failure语用错误违反对方的文化习俗6、第二外语习得理论(Second Language Acquisition,SLA)(1)Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis语言习得和学得假说(习得和学得两条不同的途径)(2)Monitor Hypothesis语言监察假说(学习者自己监督控制语言输出质量)(3)Input Hypothesis语言输入假说(接触理解可理解性语言输入comprehensible input)(4)Affective Filter Hypothesis情感过滤假说(输入input和吸收intake受到动力motivation、性格personality、情感状态affective state)(5)Natural Order Hypothesis自然顺序假说(可以不按任何语法顺序来教学)第二章英语语言运用能力一、教学中的非语言交际1、非语言手段 P118environment language环境语(座位安排、时间信息、室内标示装饰、声音灯光等)object language客体语(个人,衣着化妆、个人用品等)2、非语言行为body language体态语(身姿、手势、表情、目光)paralanguage 副语言(声音音质、音量、语调、语速)第三章英语国家的语言、历史和文学三、语言、文化和社会1、局部结构 P131毗邻对(adjacency pairs)一轮对话(1)毗邻对的条件相关性(conditional relevance)preferred second part/preference structure 优选结构 Hidispreferred second part/dispreference structure 非优选结构relevant absence 相关缺失(2)毗邻对的扩展base pairs 根毗邻对(被其他会话扩展之前的毗邻对)前扩展,指前序列(pre-sequences),包括邀请、请求、结束、宣告中扩展,包括插入序列(insertion sequences)和旁侧序列(side sequences)后扩展,指后序列(post sequences),包括会话修正和主体化2、会话修正会话修正机制三个部分:修正源(trouble source)、修正的发起(repair initiation)、修正(repair)lexical 词汇启动(no,sorry,let me see,you know)non-lexical 非词汇启动(um..,uh..)四、语言与文字1、小说语言 P134(1)小说与视角first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者(I)third-person narrator第三人称叙述者(he,she,it,they)(2)语言表达与思想表达direct speech 直接言语(“F**k you”)indirect speech间接言语(he said/asked)free indirect speech 自由间接言语第二部分语言教学知识与能力第一章初中英语课程标准一、初中英语课程基础知识1、英语课程的性质 P149The nature of English Curriculum is instrumentality/tool and humanity.(工具性和人文性)Students’ overall development is the motivation and goal of the English curriculum.2、英语课程的设计思路The design of the new National English Curriculum unifies both primary and secondary school English into one continuum of development and divides English language teaching and learning into nine competence-based levels by adopting the international general classification method.Level 5 is the required standard for the end of junior middle school. Level 2--primary school二、英语课程的分级标准 P1541、语言技能(Language Skills)Overall performance objectives for each level are given in addition to detailed descriptions of abilities regarding language knowledge, language skills, affect, learning strategies as well as cultural awareness for relevant levels.2、语言知识(Language Knowledge)(语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题)Students are required to learn consists of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, function and theme.3、情感态度(Affect)(兴趣、动机、自信、意志和合作精神;祖国意识和国际视野)interest, motivation, confidence, will and cooperation; National consciousness and international vision.4、学习策略(Learning Strategies)(认知、调控、交际、资源)Learning strategies can be classified into four groups: cognitive strategy, regulative strategy, communicative strategy and resourcing strategy.5、文化意识(Cultural Awareness/Understanding)(历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、行为规范、文学艺术、价值观念)Historical geography, local customs, traditional customs, lifestyle, norms of behavior, literature and art, values.三、英语课程的实施建议 P1611、教学建议(1)面向全体学生,为每个学生学习英语奠定基础(2)注意语言实践,培养学生的语言运用能力(3)加强学习策略指导,培养学生自主学习能力(4)培养学生的跨文化交际意识,发展跨文化交际能力(5)结合实际教学需要,创造性地使用教材(6)合理利用各种教学资源,提高学生的学习效率(7)组织生动活泼的课外活动,拓展学生的学习渠道(8)不断提高专业水平,努力适应课程要求第二章初中英语教学基本理论一、语言观(Views of Language) P1731、语言的概念Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2、语言的本质特征/设计特性(design features)(1)arbitrariness 任意性(体现了convention规约性)(2)duality 二重性(basic level, higher level基层和高层)(3)creativity 创造性/productivity能产性(4)displacement 移位性(赋予generalizations, abstractions概括和抽象)(5)cultural transmission 文化传习性3、语言的功能(Functions of Language)(1)informative function信息功能(2)interpersonal function人际功能(3)performative function施为功能(4)emotive function情绪功能(5)phatic function寒暄功能(6)recreational function娱乐功能(7)metalingual function元语言功能4、语言学角度的语言观(1)The Structural View of Language 结构语言观the structural view sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: phonology, morphology, lexicology and syntax.(2)The Function View of Language 功能语言观the function view sees language not only as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.(3)The Interactional View of Language 交互语言观(interaction, dynamics交互性和动态)the interactional view of language considers language as a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.(2)语言学习观(Views of Language Learning) P1761、语言学习理论(1)Behaviorist Learning Theory 行为主义学习理论Behaviorism is an approach to psychology that arouses out of the ideas that attempted to explain all learning in terms of some form of conditioning (stimulus, response, and reinforcement)(2)Cognitive Learning Theory认知主义学习理论Cognitive theory thinks that “language is a intricate rule-based system and with a knowledge of the finite rules (language competence), infinite sentences can be produced”.(3)Constructivist Learning Theory构建主义学习理论The constructivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his own experiences and what he already knows.最近发展区理论 Zone of Proximal Development三、语言教学观(Views of Language Teaching) P1781、语言教学理论(结构主义教学理论、认知主义教学理论、社会语言学理论)4、外语教学法的主要流派(1)grammar-translation method 语法翻译法(2)audio-lingual method 听说法(pattern drill 句型操练、contrastive analysis 对比分析法)(3)total physical response 全身反应教学法 P181(4)cognitive approach 认知教学法(提高accuracy, appropriateness得体性)(5)communicate approach 交际法(包含function,notion功能和意念) P183 (1)交际能力(communicative competence)grammatical competence 语法能力、sociolinguistic 社会语言能力、discourse 语篇能力、strategic 策略能力、linguistic 语言能力、pragmatic语用能力、fluency流利性(2)3P教学模式:presentation--practice--production(6)task-based approach任务型教学 P1841、real-world tasks /target tasks 目标任务; pedagogical tasks 教学任务2、任务的四个构成元素:objective、context、process、outcome3、information gap 信息差/信息沟activities must have clear and attainable objectives./should be confined to the classroom context./should help develop students’ language ability.4、constructivism learning theory建构主义学习理论(强调scene, writing, conversation, and meaning construction情景、写作、会话和意义建构)5、任务型教学的三个环节:pre-task前任务、task-cycle任务环(task、planning、report)、language focus语言聚焦(analysis、practice)第三章初中英语语言知识教学一、语音教学 P1921、语音教学的内容The realistic goal of teaching pronunciation should be①consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and natural.②intelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners.③communicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.2、Pronunciation knowledge teaching发音知识教学(monophonic, alphabet, phonetic symbols单音、字母、音标)3、Flow of language teaching语流教学(sounds, stress, rhythm, and intonation重音、节奏、语调)(4)The principle of phonetic teaching语音教学的原则(accuracy, long-term, integrity, communication, pertinence, interest准确性、长期性、整体性、交际性、针对性、趣味性原则)(5)The teaching method of phonetics语音的教学方法 P195(1)Sound perception听音感知练习方法:using minimal pairs 最小对立体(live--leave)、which order 排序、same or different 辨别异同、odd one out 同中选异、completion 填空(2)Imitation and explanation 模仿讲解personally demonstration、imitate、 practice亲自示范,反复模仿、练习(3)Pronunciation practice发音练习练习方法:listen and repeat 听音模仿、fill in the blanks 填空、using pictures 借助图片、using meaningful context 借助情景make up sentences 造句、using togue twisters运用绕口令(4)语流教学(见上)慢动作(slow motion speaking)二、词汇教学 P197 language teaching theories 理论构成:receptive/passive vocabulary 接受性/消极词汇和productive/产出性/积极词汇1、Learning content教学内容(1)word meaning 词汇的意义 include learning form,meaning and use.Knowing a word means: knowing its pronunciation and stress/ its spelling and grammatical properties/ its meaning/ how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.词汇意义包括conceptual meaning 、 associated meaning 概念意义和关联意义概念意义:词典中意思,即literal meaning/ denotation 字面意思/词汇的外延、关联意义:文化含义与语境意义,又称connotation 词汇的内涵( learn in the context )(2)word use 词汇的用法包括:collocation/ phrases/ idiom/ style/ register 搭配、词组、习语、风格、语域(3)word information 词汇信息包括:part of speech/ prefixes/ suffixes/ spelling/ pronunciation/ grammar features 词类、前缀、后缀、拼写、发音、语法特征(4)word memory strategies 词汇记忆策略avoid rote-learning 避免死记硬背 word-building构词法猜测词义2、Learning principle教学原则(1)音形义结合 pronounce、spelling、meaning(2)词块整体教学 lexical chunks ( knowledge of collocation 搭配)(3)具体语境中教 learn in the context(4)循序渐进 step by step(5)反复练习巩固记忆 review(6)培养自学词汇能力 deduce the meaning of words猜测词义3、Teaching method教学方法 P200(1)呈现词汇:visual/physical demonstration 直观呈现Word-building 构词法、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义反义词、翻译、举例、问答 verbal context/ situation 结合语境/创设情境运用词汇学习策略,如chunks/ reasoning/ analog/ using dictionary归类/推理/类比/查字典(2)巩固词汇:labelling/ spot the difference/ describe the draw/ play a game/ word bingo/word association贴标签/找茬/描述绘画/玩游戏(宾果)/词汇联想三、语法教学 P2011、Content 教学内容grammar语法具有Three dimensions三维性:form, meaning and usage形式、意义和用法semantic语义包括grammatical form/the grammatical meaning of thestructure/contents of meaning语法形式、结构的语法意义和内容意义task 教学任务:语法rules规则的cognition/ drill/ application认知/操练/应用、the generation of grammar consciousness语法意识的生成2、Principle 教学原则(交际性/实践性、集中分散相结合、趣味性/通俗性)grammar teaching should be:(1)collocational:the grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.(2)Constructive:one's knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit,which closely model the way language is learned and used.(3)Contextual:syntactic and lexical choices are explicitly related to pragmatic ones,and to social and cultural contexts.(4)Contrastive:grammar involves drawing the learner's attention to contrast the differences between the target language and other languages,and between sets of similar features and items of the target language.3、Method教学方法 P202(1)deductive method 演绎法(讲解规则,结合实例分析用法,句型练习)features: It saves time/pays more attention to form/teaches grammar in a decontextualized situation脱离上下文(2)inductive method 归纳法(学生自行归纳语法规则)start with examples and guides ss to work out the rules(3)guided discovery method 引导发现法(学生归纳总结语法规则,老师强化其形式意义)四、语篇教学 P2041、概念和结构(1)Conception 概念discourse pattern语篇可以是dialogue、monologue对话、独白,包括written/spoken language 书面语、口语,form形式上是cohesion衔接的,semantic语义上是coherence 连贯的(2)Tactic pattern结构模式语段/句群、句际关系(并列、顺序、层递、转折)(3)Cohesive device 衔接手段logical connectors逻辑纽带(firstly, thus, on the other hand, if not)grammatical connectors语法纽带(时态什么的)Lexical connectors词汇纽带(repetition重复、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义/反义词)Develop ss’ skill of recognizing discourse patterns训练方式:checking the logic of the author’s arguments.getting the scrambled sentences into a paragraph.(focus on textual coherence) marking out common openers to stories and jokes.2、教学内涵Aims at developing ss’ discourse awareness.(teacher asks ss to concentrate on such features as structure, coherence and cohesion of a text)3、教学方法 P207overall effectiveness整体性效能(用knowledge transfer知识迁移实现,重在cultivate application ability应用能力培养)、overall grasp of the discourse语篇的整体把握Teaching language at the discourse level :utterance function / expected response/ congratulation/ apology/ acceptance/ inform.第四章初中英语语言技能教学 P212一、听力教学1、影响听力的主要因素(1)objective factor客观因素:types of language used 语言特征(语速/tone音调/pause 停顿/liaison连读)、task or purpose in listening 听力任务、context in which the listening occurs文化背景知识(2)subjective factor主观因素:psychological心理因素、knowledge skills知识技能因素、methods and tactics方法与策略因素2、听力教学的要领(1)合理选择听力material材料(authenticity真实性、intelligibility可理解性、diversity/variety多样性)(2)建立专门的听力training system训练体系(3)优化心理氛围,降低焦虑感(arouse interest调动兴趣、放松)(4)重视听的过程中的skill training技巧训练prediction 预测、guess 猜测、coherent memory 连贯记忆(note-taking)、identifying the discourse markers辨认语段标记(5)科学设计听力练习3、听力训练的type类型 P216(1)Focus listening精听(tonal discrimination辨音、gap filling填空、dictation 听写)听写形式:dictogloss听释、fast-speech dictation快速听写、pause and paraphrase听写大意、listening cloze 完形听写、error identification纠错听写、jigsaw identification线索听写(2)Gist listening泛听( decide on the best title )(3)Free listening随意听4、听力教学model模式(1)Bottom-up model“自下而上”(强调language knowledge语言知识)(2)Top-down model“自上而下”(侧重background information背景知识)5、听力教学的过程 P2181、Pre-listening tasks 听前环节(brainstorming/discuss a relevant picture/writing question about the topic/associating vocabularies with the topic)2、While-listening tasks听中环节(辨音、获取主要信息、预测、猜词悟义)3、Post-listening tasks 听后环节(writing a similar text作文、discussion讨论)二、口语教学 P2191、Spoken language口语的特点(fragmentation结构不完整性、involvement人和场合紧密依存性)(1)语法特征:There are four common features of spoken language:Using less complex syntax.语法Taking short cuts,e.g.incomplete sentences.(and, or,but)Using fixed conventional phrases/chunks.俗语(fashionable word, two-part allegorical saying,colloquialism,slang,phrasal verbs 歇后语/口语词/俚语/短语动词)Using devices such as fillers,hesitation device to give time to think before speaking.结构特征:往往借助filler补白词(you know, let me see, um)形象特征:说话人的表情、语气及态度等body language身体语言;音质/声调/重音/停顿(2)口语的交际特点“说”受语言rule规则支配/时间factor因素制约/对方response反应影响2、口语教学的要领(1)在听的基础上培养说的能力(使输入的信息量大于输出的信息量)(2)组织多样化的口语活动形式口语活动类型:pre-communicative activities 前交际活动(操练/模仿/重复)和communicative activities 交际活动(信息差活动/解决问题活动/讨论/辩论/采访/游戏)(3)正确处理准确与流利的关系Accuracy( identify particular phonemes on tape )Fluency( shouldn’t interrupt )(4)创造浓厚外语氛围,鼓励学生敢说乐说The characteristics of a successful speaking task:maximum foreign talk/even participation/high motivation/right language level (5)合理选择口语组织形式,增加学生开口的机会(小组形式/单双人活动)3、口语训练的方法imitativeness模仿性、monologue独白性、performing表演性的口语表达三、阅读教学 P2231、外语阅读的type/form类型(1)根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Adaptive reading适应性阅读recognition--read--silent-reading认读--朗读--默读Learning reading学习型阅读plain substance主旨浅显information信息量大,强调阅读速度comprehension理解性阅读real material材料真实、wide theme题材广泛、various types体裁多样,higher difficulty 难度较高(2)根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Skinning 面式读法/略读(掌握全文大意或中心思想;报刊、新书)quickly get the gistScanning 点式读法/寻读/跳读(查找具体信息;时间、人名、地点、数字)specific informationIntensive reading 线式读法/精读(详细地阅读,深入分析、理解和记忆)read in detailExtensive reading 纵式读法/泛读(广泛地阅读,阅读速度、快速理解能力、拓宽视野) facilitate process of accumulating vocabulary / increasing target language expose/ broadening scope of vision(3)根据阅读理解的层次划分Literal comprehension 字面理解(依靠语言知识/能力辨认词义和语法结构)language knowledge/competence identify meaning and grammatical structure Inferential/interpretive comprehension 推断性理解(经历、直觉、逻辑判断理解未明示信息)experience/ intuition/ logic judge and understand unexpressed information Evaluative comprehension 评价性理解/应用性理解(理解文章信息的价值)valueAppreciative comprehension 欣赏性理解(情感熏陶和思想启迪)Emotional influence and thought enlightenment2、阅读教学的要领 P226(1)合理选择阅读材料Language difficulties 难度(难于略高于学习者现有水平)higher than present levelInterest 趣味性(充满可读性,激发求知欲和好奇心)readability、thirst for knowledge and curiosityAuthenticity 真实性(英语本族语者撰写)written by native English speakersComprehensiveness 宽泛性(内容反映历史、人物、风土人情、文化习俗以及时尚流行,体裁和题材丰富多样)content various type or forms of literature and theme(2)建立分析性(精读)与综合性(泛读)相结合的阅读教学体系分析性阅读与综合性阅读教学的分工改进现行分析性阅读教学模式,落实阅读训练综合性阅读教学应正规化、课程化(3)重视阅读three elements三要素的培养vocabulary词汇、comprehend理解(topic sentence主题句)、speed速度(4)重视阅读过程中的技巧训练prediction预测、reading for specific抓中心思想、reading for specific information 获取特殊信息、inferring推理(reading between the lines)、identifying the discourse types确认语篇3、阅读教学的approach模式 P2291、The top-down model 自上而下模式为主(pre-reading activities读前环节活动的开展)2、The bottom-up model 自下而上模式为辅(小到大的语言文字单位,重视词汇教学)teaching a text by introducing new vocabularies or structuresfollow the sequence of teaching new words, sentences and then the whole passage 3、The interactive-compensatory approach交互补偿模式4、阅读教学的过程1、Pre-reading tasks 读前环节(背景知识、写作风格、西方风俗)predicting what a passage is about/ creating a word web related to a topic/ sharing what is already known about a topic2、While-reading tasks读中环节(保障充足阅读时间、阅读技能训练)3、Post-reading tasks 读后环节(思维和实践活动)四、写作教学 P2311、写的教学要领(1)Motivate writing motivation 激发写作动机communicative purpose; audience awareness 交际目的读者意识(2)指导写作技巧:写的单项训练(结合语音教学)语篇写作技巧(design skills构思技巧;过程构思、文本构思;model essay范文是有力工具)skill of planning: finding ideas and put them in order(3)根据不同文体风格指导相应的写作策略Formal writing 正式文体(第三人称)typical feature: the precision of language is a priority 语言精确优先well-organized structure 有序的结构wide range of vocabulary and structural patterns 有结构的模式technical terms and definitions 专用名词和定义Informal writing 非正式文体(一、二人称)typical feature: short and incomplete sentences are common 多为短句、简单句(4)分阶段设计教学活动,训练写作技能Controlled writing 控制性写作(gap filling/ transcribe/ sentence pattern transformation填空/抄写/句型转换)Guided writing 指导性写作(completion/ reproduction/ compression/ transformation 续写/复写/缩写/转写)Free writing 自由写作(5)写、correct/ amend改、evaluate评相结合2、写作教学的模式(1)Product-oriented approach注重结果(给题目--写--改,注重语篇整体)(2)Content-oriented approach注重内容(收集材料--组织文章--修改,写前准备)(3)Process-oriented approach注重过程(准备--写作--修改--再改,写作能力)what/how to write peer-editing3、写作教学的process过程一、Pre-writing tasks写前环节的任务和活动(gather and organize ideas激发写作动机)The main procedures of process writing include creating a motivation to write, brainstorming,mapping,freewriting,outlining,drafting,editing,revising,proofreading and conferencing.二、While-writing tasks写中环节的任务和活动(organize written组织成文)drafting, peer-editing, revising三、Post-writing tasks写后环节的任务和活动(comments and feedback 点评和反馈) conferencing第三部分教学设计第一章教学设计skill技能一、教学设计概述 P2411、概念:传统的instructional design 教学设计即lesson planning 备课考虑“如何学”最核心的部分是lesson plan 教案It’s a teaching guide/ It takes into account syllabus教学大纲 and ss./It describes in advance提前 what about how to teach.2、教学设计principle原则aims目标性原则 variety 多样性原则 flexibility 灵活性原则learnability可学性原则 linkage 衔接性选择 feasibility 可行性原则3、教学设计的basic requirements基本要求A language lesson plan usually has the following components:background information,teaching aims, language contents and skills, stages and procedures, teaching aids, assignments, and teacher's after-lesson reflection.4、教学设计新concept理念(1)学生参与课堂设计的自主性(2)教学设计贯穿课堂教学的全过程(3)教学设计的确定性与不确定性相统一5、教学设计的pattern模式Analysis----design----evaluation 分析----设计----评价分析:学习需求(学习objectives目标分析是关键)、学习者、学习content内容设计:教学strategy策略、教学course过程(task appearance--preparation--accomplishment--consolidation 任务呈现--任务准备--任务完成--语言巩固)、教学technique技术评价:教学target目标是否达成是评价教学设计有效性的关键反馈修正(feedback correction):教学评价能够提供大量的教学反馈信息6、英语教学设计的concrete form 具体形式(1)表格式 table form分别陈述学生/教师活动,说明活动目的/意图,突出教学design 设计的理念(2)流程图式 flow chart form 展示教学process过程(format格式不同)(3)叙述式 narrative form二、学情分析 P2481、学习者分析(1)认知特征(2)学习风格 authority-oriented learners崇尚权威型;analytical learners分析型; concrete learners具体型;communicative learners交际型(3)学习方式 accepted 接受性;experience 体验性;independent 自主性;Cooperation 合作性;exploration 探究性2、学习需求分析(1)learning needs的内涵学习目前状态与期望状态之间的差距(2)学习需求分析的内容和方法data collection 数据采集;analyze 分析三、教学内容分析 P2511、教学内容的选择把握fundamentality基础性(vocabulary/ syntactic structure/ language competence/ learning strategy/ cultural knowledge词汇/句法结构/语言能力/学习策略/文化知识)adaptation 适应性(age/ cognitive characteristic 年龄/认知特点)high frequency高频性(frequently used经常使用的)enjoyment 趣味性(激发学习兴趣,保证学习effectiveness 有效性)2、正确理解textbook教材(1)分析教材 textbook evaluation provides authentic language/ matches the needs of learners/ can help realize the objectives of a language program(2)处理教材的方法(LARA法:leave-adapt-replace-add)(3)教材的使用:活化教材、挖掘资源、选准话题(探究性、开放性、生成性)When a teacher using an ELT course book, he should:select appropriate supporting materials and resources.interpret curriculum goals and its expectations for the course.plan lessons in relation to specific goals, topics, texts, and tasks.3、Auxiliary teaching materials辅助教学材料的screening筛选(1)教学材料筛选的原则:启发式、因材施教、动态生成、适时适度(2)教学材料筛选的策略:遵循理念、吃透教材、研究学生(3)辅助教学材料的分类:知识类、技能类、课外活动类、教学辅助类、自主学习类四、教学目标 P255(1)教学目标的陈述内容三个维度:knowledge objective/ ability objective/ emotion objective知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观(2)教学目标的陈述要素以行为目标来陈述教学目标,包括四个要素:ABCD模式A-audience 主体或听众(程度副词/百分比/范围副词)+主语(ss/learners)B-behavior 行为listen,sing,imitate,recite,depict,recognize,apply,understand,know,master,enjoy C-conditions 条件after this class, under the guidance of the teacher, after attending a lecture,with the help of substances, through imitation/repeatD-degree 程度/标准clearly, fluently, correctly, efficiently, basically, preliminarily, smoothly, appropriately(3)教学目标的陈述方式按照层级划分有三种goals,aims,objectives(course goals, teaching aims)(1)结果性目标(知识与技能)(2)体验性目标或表现性目标(过程与方法、情感态度与价值观)(4)教学目标的陈述原则comprehensive、suitable、specific、 accurate全面、恰当(目标层次性/内容和已有知识一致性/教学活动连贯性)、具体、准确五、教学重难点 P2591、教学重难点的meaning涵义(1)Teaching key/ Important point教学重点称为subject学科教学的core knowledge核心知识(2)Teaching difficult point 教学难点(3)教学重难点的relation关系教学重点:stability、chronicity 稳定性、长期性教学难点:temporary、relativity 暂时性、相对性2、教学重难点的确定(1)深刻理解课程标准熟悉和贯彻执行课程标准的内容要求(2)深入研究教材教材是教学的主要依据(3)了解学生的实际情况学生是教学的对象/主体(4)善于总结经验虚心学习、不断提高自身教学素质和能力3、突出重点、突破难点的method方法metaphor description比喻说明法、list comparison 列表对比法、exercise 练习法、 Multimedia assisted instruction 多媒体辅助教学法、game activity游戏活动法六、教堂教学process过程设计 P260教学过程(teaching procedure)实现教学、发展和教育三大功能1、课堂导入活动的设计Lead-in导入应达到“3A”的功效:arouse激励启发;advertise引起注意;advance促进(1)课堂导入的方法复习导入法(新旧知识的联结点)、直观导入法(直观教具或多媒体手段)情境导入法(duty report/音乐/故事/游戏导入)、悬念导入法(呈现一系列问题)(2)注意事项导入时间不宜过长(5’/45’);符合教学目标/内容;从学生实际出发(年龄、性格、认知特征);方式新颖有创意2、语言学习与实践活动的设计(呈现、讲解、练习巩固和实践新语言知识)(1)呈现活动的设计(presentation)问题呈现、情景呈现、故事呈现(完整故事贯穿整个课堂教学)、直观呈现(简笔画/图片/模型/幻灯片/身势语)。

英语教学法复习重点

英语教学法复习重点

1.Views on language: a. Structural view(结构主义) b. Functional view(交际法) c. Interactional view(交往法)1) The structural view结构主义观点:language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: from phonological, morphological, lexical, etc. to sentences. Each language has a finite number of such structural items.To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language.2)The functional view交际法的观点language as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things. Most of our day-to-day language use involves functional activities: offering, suggesting, advising, apologizing, etc.3)The interactional view交往法的观点Language is a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people. Learners not only need to know the grammar and vocabulary of the language but as importantly they need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative contexts.The interactional view says that to know how to do what one wants to do involves also knowing whether it is appropriate to do so, and where, when and how it is appropriate to do it. In order to know this, the learner has to study the patterns and rules of language above the sentence level to learn how language is used in different speech contexts.2.The qualities of teachers教师素质:ethic devotion; professional qualities; personal styles.municative competence(交际能力组成的5部分): a. linguistic competence b. pragmatic competence c. discourse competence d. strategic competence e. fluency4. Principles of communicative language teaching: a. communication principle b. task principle c. meaningfulness principle5.classification of communicative activities(交际活动的分类): a. functional communicative activities b. social interaction activities6.The role of teacher 教师的角色:a. controller b. assessor c. organizer d. prompter e. participant f. resource-provider 7. Classroom instructions: Classroom instructions refer to the type of language teachers use to organize or guide learning. They include giving directions to tasks or activities, providing explanations to a concept or language structure, setting requirements, checking comprehension, drawing attention, motivating learners, giving feedback, and assigning homework, etc.8. students grouping: a. whole class work b. pair work c. group work d. individual study6\7\81.Three ways to show the stress pattern words, phrases and sentences:1)Use gesture;2)Use the voice;3)Use the blackboard.2.Factors contribute to successful practice:1) pre-learning 2) volume and repetition 3) success-orientation 4) heterogeneity 5) teacher assistance 6) interest3.Grammar practice is usually divided into 2 categories: mechanical practice & meaningful/communicative practice.4.Mechanical practice involves activities that aimed at form accuracy.5.What does it mean to know a word? Knowing a word mans 1) knowing its pronunciation and stress; 2) knowing its spelling & grammatical properties; 3) knowing its meaning; 4) knowing how & when to use it to express the intended meaning.9\10\111. Principles for teaching listening 1).focus on process.2).combine listening with other skills.3).focus on the comprehension of meaning.4).grade difficulty level appropriately.2. Factors that affect the difficulty level of listening tasks, but they fall into 3 main categories:1)type of language used.2)task or purpose in listening.3)context in which the listening occurs.3. Models for teaching reading:1)Bottom-up model.(2)Top-down model 3)Interactive model4.The characteristic are common in successful speaking tasks:1) Maximum foreign talk; 2)Even participation;3)High motivation;4)Right language level.5. Littlewood divides communicative speaking activities into 2 types: Communicative activities: functional communication activities and social interaction activities. It also includes Pre-communicative activities: structural activities andQuasi-communicative activities. Pre-communicative activities are intended to prepare learners for Communicative activities. 6. Pre-reading activities: predicting; setting the scene; skimming; scanning. Skimming means reading quickly to get the gist,e.g.the main idea of the text. Scanning which means to read to locate specific information.7.Some speaking activities:1)controlled activities: mainly focus on form and accuracy; 2)semi-controlled activities: focus on meaning and communication; 3)communicative activities.8. Ur points out that factors that affect the success of role-plays are: 1)the teacher’s enthusiasm;2)careful instructions;3)clear situations and roles; 4)and making sure that the students have the language they will need to carry out the role-play.1.The main procedures of process writing(过程写作)include: Creating a motivation to write; brainstorming; mapping; freewriting; outlining; drafting; editing; revising; proofreading and conferencing.2. Principles can help teachers motivate students to write: 1) Make the topic of writing as close as possible to students’ life.2) Leave students enough room for creativity and imagination. 3) Prepare students well before writing. 4) Encourage collaborative group writing as well as individual writing. 5) Provide opportunities for students to share their writings. 6) Provide constructive and positive feedback. 7) Treat students’’ errors str ategically. 8) Give students a sense of achievement from time to time.1.我国英语教学的六个基本原则原先所倡导的中学英语教学的基本原则:1、交际性原则2、阶段侧重原则3、语音词汇语法综合教学原则4、使用和控制使用本族语的原则5、以学生为中心的原则。

山东教师招聘考试资料 中学英语教学内容

山东教师招聘考试资料 中学英语教学内容

第一部分
中学英语教学内容
中学英语教学包括语音、词汇、语法、话题等多项内容。

作为英语教学的基础性内容,本部分在教师招聘考试中占有重要的位置。

考生应熟练掌握各板块知识,为英语教学工作奠定坚实的基础。

本部分共分为四章。

第一章为中学英语语音知识,覆盖面广,需要考生理解和掌握。

第二章为中学英语词汇知识,常涉及到冠词用法,形容词、连词、动词短语、介词短语的辨析等,重在平时积累,识记。

第三章为中学英语语法知识,多以单项选择题的形式出现,常考语法点为动词的时态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、常用句型等。

需要考生理解、掌握语法规则,以适量习题作为补充,逐项突破。

第四章为中学英语语言技能,介绍了阅读、写作、翻译技能及话题知识的教学,为教师教学提供有益的借鉴。

第一部分中学英语教学内容
第一部分中学英语教学内容
第一部分中学英语教学内容
第一部分中学英语教学内容
第一部分中学英语教学内容
第一部分中学英语教学内容
第一部分中学英语教学内容
第一部分中学英语教学内容
第一部分中学英语教学内容。

2015年广东省教师公开招聘考试中学英语教学教法考点总结

2015年广东省教师公开招聘考试中学英语教学教法考点总结

2015年广东省教师公开招聘考试《中学英语学科专业知识》教学教法考点总结复习要点考点1 国外现代外语教学法的主要流派要求了解语法翻译法,直接法,听说法,视听法,认知法和交际法的主要特点。

考点2 我国中学英语教学简史、大纲和课本1,熟悉《九年制义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》的教学目的、要求和内容(见本教材附录)2,熟悉九年义务教育初级中学英语教科书的主要特点。

(借阅该套教材,细读教师用书的前言部分)1)寓思想教育于语言教学之中2)语言结构与语言功能相结合3)全面训练,培养能力4)保证基础,区别要求,减轻负担5)系列配套,增加复现,富有弹性考点3 中学英语教学原则中学英语教学的基本原则主要有:1,寓思想教育于语言教学之中。

2,教给学生语言基础知识的目的是为了指导他们的语言实践,培养他们实际运用语言的能力。

1)英语要作为交际工具来教、来学、来用。

2)精讲语言知识、加强语言实践3)机械操练、有意义操练和交际性操练相结合3,听说读写综合训练要贯穿英语教学的全过程,但在不同阶段应有所侧重。

4,在英语教学中应尽量使用英语,适当使用母语。

5,发挥教师的主导作用,调动学生的积极性。

考点4 中学英语的听说教学1, 常用听力训练方式1)听与视看结合2)听与动作结合3)听与说结合4)听与写结合2,训练说的常用方式1)机械练习2)复用练习3)活用练习4)交际性练习考点5 英语阅读教学1,朗读训练的方式1)范读2)教师领读3)听录音跟读4)伴随情景的朗读5)齐声朗读和个别朗读2,提高阅读理解力和速度的方法1)提高理解词义的能力2)进行以语义为单位的阅读训练3)提高阅读整篇文章的能力4)提高阅读速度考点6 英语语音教学1,语音教学的基本原则1)模仿为主,加强实践2)适当讲解,掌握发音要领3)对比分析,突出重点4)在英语语流中练习语音5)调查研究,因材施教2,字母、音标、词语读音、语调教学的常用方法考点7 英语词汇教学1,词汇教学的基本原则1)以句为单位,注意词不离句,句不离文2)音、形、义结合3)具体分析,区别对待4)循序渐进,逐步扩展5)反复练习,巩固记忆6)培养学生自学词汇的能力2,讲解词语的常用方法1)运用直观手段2)分析词的构成3)利用同义词、反义词4)利用事物间的种种联系5)下定义6)说明背景,创造语境考点8 英语语法教学要求了解语法教学的基本原则,教学方法以及中学生的常见语法错误考点9 英语课堂教学和常规工作1,英语课堂教学的一般过程和环节1)组织教学2)复习检查3)讲练新课4)巩固5)布置课外作业2,英语课堂教学的常用模式1)讲练课2)技能训练课3)复习课3,备课1)备课的步骤2)备课的内容3)写教案考点9 测试要求了解英语测试的类型,方式方法,测试结果的分析与讲评。

2021年初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结

2021年初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结

第一某些语言知识与能力第一章英语语言知识二、语音(Speech Sounds)P781、语音分类发音方式发音部位VL - 清浊音(voiceless consonant) VD - 浊辅音(voiced consonant)2、音系学(phonology)P79(1)同化规则(assimilation Rule)progressive assimilation 顺同化(前面带偏背面)workedregressive assimilation 逆同化(背面带偏前面)newspaperreciprocal/double assimilation 互相似化 did you(2)音节(syllable) tea chi-na im-pos-si-ble重音(stress)声调(tone)(3)语音变化(vocal variety)liaison 连读 pick it upplosion 爆破音plosion loss 失去爆破 sit down ;incomplete plosion 不完全爆破 ask ednasal plosion 鼻腔爆破 button ;lateral plosion 舌边爆破 little三、形态学(Morphology)1、morpheme 词素重点! P87(1)free morpheme 自由词素 dog ;bound morpheme 黏着词素 moonwalk(2)root 词根; affix 词缀(prefix 前缀、suffix 后缀); stem 词干 friend-ships (3)inflectional affix 屈折词缀 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(4)derivational affix 派生词缀变化词性和意义2、(1)inflection 屈折变化 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(2)word-formation 词形成:compounding 复合法 through-outderivation 派生法(prefixation 前缀化 suffixation 后缀化)il-logical-ly3、常用构词法P89invention 新创词 nylon ;blending 混成法 smoke+fog=smogclipping 截断法 advertisement=ad ;initialism 首字母连写词 WTOacronym 首字母拼音词 AIDS ;back-formation 逆构词法 editor--editanalogical creation 类似构词 work--wrought/workedtypes of borrowing 借词法:loanword/borrowing 借词 feast(法语中借来)loanblend 混合借词 Chinatown (本国加外来)loanshift 转移借词 bridge (借用意义)loan translation 翻译借词(从别种语言翻译而来)4、词义变化broadening 词义扩大 bird 小鸟--鸟类;narrowing 词义缩小 girl 年轻人--女孩meaning shift 词义转移;class shift 词性转换;folk etymology 俗词源(错多了成了对)四、句法学(Syntax) P911、句法关系syntagmatic relation 组合关系(horizontal relation/chain relation)构成同一形式、序列或构造paradigmatic relation 聚合关系(vertical relation/choice relation)各要素可互相替代relation of co-occurrence 共现关系(不同集合词语一起构成句子)2、句子构造和成分immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法(IC分析法)The boy ate the apple. 用树形图(tree diagram)普通句子,主谓宾之类endocentric construction 向心构造一种词或词组可以拟定为中心(center)或中心词(head)two stone bridge 普通名词/动词/形容词短语exocentric construction 离心构造没有拟定中心或中心词 The boy smiled. 普通动宾/系表构造deep structure 深层构造(含义相似,说法不同)surface structure 表层构造(句子表述方式)五、语义学(Semantics) P931、涵义关系(Sense Relations)lexical relation 词汇关系(1)同义关系(Synonymy)synonyms 同义词stylistic 文体差别(formality) buy--perchase ;dialectal 地区差别 underground--subwaycollocational 搭配差别 accuse(of)--charge(with) ;emotive 情感差别 thrifty--stingy ;semantic 语义差别 enough--ample(2)反义关系(Antonymy)antonyms 反义词 relational opposites 意义相反词gradable antonymy 级别反义 warm--coolcomplementary antonymy 互补反义 boy--girlconverse antonymy 反向反义关系 buy--sell(3)上下义关系(Hyponymy)种类和成员涉及上坐标词(superordinate)和下义词(hyponymy) flower--rose/tulip(4)一词多义(Polysemy)(5)同音/同形异义现象(Homonymy)homophone 同音异义 sun--sonhomograph 同形异义 liecomplete homonym 完全同音同形异义 bank 岸边;银行2、句子逻辑关系 iff--充分必要条件“S is true iff P”P就是S真值条件(truth condition)P (1)synonymy 同义关系“X is synonymous with Y.”同真同假 P95(2)contradiction 矛盾关系“X is inconsistent with Y.”一真一假(3)entailment 蕴含关系“X entails Y.” X小,Y大 X:old man Y:man(4)presupposition 预设关系“X presupposes Y.” Y是前提 X:repair the car Y:have a car六、语用学(Pragmatics) P961、言语行为理论(Speech Act Theory)(1)locutionary act 发话行为(说话人表达字面意思)is the act of saying something which is meaningful an can be understood.(2)illocutionary act 行事行为(说话人表达意图)is the act in saying something to perform a function.(3)perlocutionary act 取效行为(作用于听话人效果)is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying something.言外之意(illocutionary point):representatives 阐述类; directives 指令类; commissives 承诺类;expressives 表达类; declarations 宣布类2、会话含义理论(Conversational Principle/Maxim) violate 违背 P97cooperative principle,CP 合伙原则(会话有共同目的)“Make your conversational contribution such as is required,at the stage at which it occurs,by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.”(1)the maxim of quantity数量准则(信息充分)(2)the maxim of quality质量准则(说实话)(3)the maxim of relation有关准则(说有关事)(4)the maxim of manner方式准则(清晰简洁避免歧义)conversational implicature 会话含义(用会话准则暗示意义)(1)calculability 可推导性(含义能理解)(2)cancellability 可取消性(defeasibility)(因素变化,含义变化)(3)non-detachability 不可分离性(含义依附于内容)(4)non-conventionality非规约性(含义不拟定)七、修辞学(Rhetoric)问法:rhetoric/rhetorical device 修辞方略 P981、simile明喻 like,as...as,as if,as though,similar to,such as2、metaphor隐喻(暗含比较) elephant pause3、personification拟人(把事物或概念当做人)4、metonymy借代(用事物名称代替密切有关另一事物)5、synecdoche提喻(某些代替整体或整体代替某些) hand/mouth--man6、euphemism婉言 die--pass away7、irony反语(意思相反)8、allegory讽喻9、exaggeration夸张(夸大或缩小使表达生动有趣)10、transferred epithet移位修辞 nervous exam11、oxymoron矛盾修辞 bitter-sweet memory12、pun双关语(homophonic puns 谐音双关;homographic puns 语义双关)八、语言教学 P1001、中介语(interlanguage)2、对比分析(contrastive analysis)3、错误分析(error analysis)(1)error错误(由于知识局限性)mistake失误(不注意出错)(2)interlingual errors语际错误(迁移错误)由于母语 Cnglishintralingual errors语内错误(发展性错误)由于过度概括语言规则 eat-eated(错) 4、错误性质:omissions 省略(少成分);additions 添加(多成分);misformations 形式错误(eated);double markings 双重标记(didn’t went);misorderings 顺序错误(how you are)5、国内外语学习者错误类型(1)negative transfer 负迁移/干扰由于母语(2)over-generalization过度类推/过度概括由于过度概括语言规则(3)pragmatic failure语用错误违背对方文化习俗6、第二外语习得理论(Second Language Acquisition,SLA)(1)Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis语言习得和学得假说(习得和学得两条不同途径)(2)Monitor Hypothesis语言监察假说(学习者自己监督控制语言输出质量)(3)Input Hypothesis语言输入假说(接触理解可理解性语言输入comprehensible input)(4)Affective Filter Hypothesis情感过滤假说(输入input和吸取intake受到动力motivation、性格personality、情感状态affective state)(5)Natural Order Hypothesis自然顺序假说(可以不按任何语法顺序来教学)第二章英语语言运用能力一、教学中非语言交际1、非语言手段 P118environment language环境语(座位安排、时间信息、室内标示装饰、声音灯光等)object language客体语(个人,衣着化妆、个人用品等)2、非语言行为body language体态语(身姿、手势、表情、目光)paralanguage 副语言(声音音质、音量、语调、语速)第三章英语国家语言、历史和文学三、语言、文化和社会1、局部构造 P131毗邻对(adjacency pairs)一轮对话(1)毗邻对条件有关性(conditional relevance)preferred second part/preference structure 优选构造 Hidispreferred second part/dispreference structure 非优选构造relevant absence 有关缺失(2)毗邻对扩展base pairs 根毗邻对(被其她会话扩展之前毗邻对)前扩展,指前序列(pre-sequences),涉及邀请、祈求、结束、宣布中扩展,涉及插入序列(insertion sequences)和旁侧序列(side sequences)后扩展,指后序列(post sequences),涉及会话修正和主体化2、会话修正会话修正机制三个某些:修正源(trouble source)、修正发起(repair initiation)、修正(repair)lexical 词汇启动(no,sorry,let me see,you know)non-lexical 非词汇启动(um..,uh..)四、语言与文字1、故事语言 P134(1)故事与视角first-person narrator 第一人称论述者(I)third-person narrator第三人称论述者(he,she,it,they)(2)语言表达与思想表达direct speech 直接言语(“F**k you”)indirect speech间接言语(he said/asked)free indirect speech 自由间接言语第二某些语言教学知识与能力第一章初中英语课程原则一、初中英语课程基本知识1、英语课程性质 P149The nature of English Curriculum is instrumentality/tool and humanity.(工具性和人文性) Students’ overall development is the motivation and goal of the English curriculum.2、英语课程设计思路The design of the new National English Curriculum unifies both primary and secondary school English into one continuum of development and divides English language teaching and learning into nine competence-based levels by adopting the international general classification method. Level 5 is the required standard for the end of junior middle school. Level 2--primary school二、英语课程分级原则 P1541、语言技能(Language Skills)Overall performance objectives for each level are given in addition to detailed descriptions of abilities regarding language knowledge,language skills,affect,learning strategies as well as cultural awareness for relevant levels.2、语言知识(Language Knowledge)(语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题)Students are required to learn consists of phonetics,vocabulary,grammar,function and theme.3、情感态度(Affect)(兴趣、动机、自信、意志和合伙精神;祖国意识和国际视野)interest, motivation, confidence, will and cooperation;National consciousness and international vision.4、学习方略(Learning Strategies)(认知、调控、交际、资源)Learning strategies can be classified into four groups:cognitive strategy,regulative strategy,communicative strategy and resourcing strategy.5、文化意识(Cultural Awareness/Understanding)(历史地理、风土人情、老式习俗、生活方式、行为规范、文学艺术、价值观念)Historical geography,local customs,traditional customs,lifestyle,norms of behavior,literature and art,values.三、英语课程实行建议 P1611、教学建议(1)面向全体学生,为每个学生学习英语奠定基本(2)注意语言实践,培养学生语言运用能力(3)加强学习方略指引,培养学生自主学习能力(4)培养学生跨文化交际意识,发展跨文化交际能力(5)结合实际教学需要,创造性地使用教材(6)合理运用各种教学资源,提高学生学习效率(7)组织生动活泼课外活动,拓展学生学习渠道(8)不断提高专业水平,努力适应课程规定第二章初中英语教学基本理论一、语言观(Views of Language) P1731、语言概念Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2、语言本质特性/设计特性(design features)(1)arbitrariness 任意性(体现了convention规约性)(2)duality 二重性(basic level,higher level基层和高层)(3)creativity 创造性/productivity能产性(4)displacement 移位性(赋予generalizations,abstractions概括和抽象)(5)cultural transmission 文化传习性3、语言功能(Functions of Language)(1)informative function信息功能(2)interpersonal function人际功能(3)performative function施为功能(4)emotive function情绪功能(5)phatic function寒暄功能(6)recreational function娱乐功能(7)metalingual function元语言功能4、语言学角度语言观(1)The Structural View of Language 构造语言观the structural view sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems:phonology,morphology,lexicology and syntax.(2)The Function View of Language 功能语言观the function view sees language not only as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.(3)The Interactional View of Language 交互语言观(interaction,dynamics交互性和动态) the interactional view of language considers language as a communicative tool,whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.二、语言学习观(Views of Language Learning) P1761、语言学习理论(1)Behaviorist Learning Theory 行为主义学习理论Behaviorism is an approach to psychology that arouses out of the ideas that attempted to explain all learning in terms of some form of conditioning (stimulus,response,and reinforcement) (2)Cognitive Learning Theory认知主义学习理论Cognitive theory thinks that “language is a intricate rule-based system and with a knowledge of the finite rules (language competence),infinite sentences can be produced”.(3)Constructivist Learning Theory构建主义学习理论The constructivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his own experiences and what he already knows.近来发展区理论 Zone of Proximal Development三、语言教学观(Views of Language Teaching) P1781、语言教学理论(构造主义教学理论、认知主义教学理论、社会语言学理论)四、外语教学法重要流派1、grammar-translation method 语法翻译法2、audio-lingual method 据说法(pattern drill 句型操练、contrastive analysis对比分析法)3、total physical response 全身反映教学法 P1814、cognitive approach 认知教学法(提高accuracy,appropriateness得体性)5、communicate approach 交际法(包括function,notion功能和意念) P183(1)交际能力(communicative competence)grammatical competence 语法能力、sociolinguistic 社会语言能力、discourse 语篇能力、strategic 方略能力、linguistic 语言能力、pragmatic语用能力、fluency流利性(2)3P教学模式:presentation--practice--production6、task-based approach任务型教学 P184(1)real-world tasks /target tasks 目的任务; pedagogical tasks 教学任务(2)任务四个构成元素:objective、context、process、outcome(3)information gap 信息差/信息沟activities must have clear and attainable objectives./should be confined to the classroom context./should help develop students’ language ability.(4)constructivism learning theory建构主义学习理论(强调scene,writing,conversation,and meaning construction情景、写作、会话和意义建构)(5)任务型教学三个环节:pre-task前任务、task-cycle任务环(task、planning、report)、language focus语言聚焦(analysis、practice)第三章初中英语语言知识教学一、语音教学 P1921、语音教学内容The realistic goal of teaching pronunciation should be①consistency:the pronunciation should be smooth and natural.②intelligibility:the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners.③communicative efficiency:the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.2、Pronunciation knowledge teaching发音知识教学(monophonic,alphabet,phonetic symbols单音、字母、音标)3、Flow of language teaching语流教学(sounds, stress, rhythm,and intonation重音、节奏、语调)4、The principle of phonetic teaching语音教学原则(accuracy,long-term,integrity,communication,pertinence,interest精确性、长期性、整体性、交际性、针对性、趣味性原则)5、The teaching method of phonetics语音教学办法 P195(1)Sound perception听音感知练习办法:using minimal pairs 最小对立体(live--leave)、which order 排序、same or different 辨别异同、odd one out 同中选异、completion 填空(2)Imitation and explanation 模仿解说personally demonstration、imitate、practice亲自示范,重复模仿、练习(3)Pronunciation practice发音练习练习办法:listen and repeat 听音模仿、fill in the blanks 填空、using pictures 借助图片、using meaningful context 借助情景make up sentences 造句、using togue twisters运用绕口令(4)语流教学(见上)慢动作(slow motion speaking)二、词汇教学 P197 language teaching theories 理论构成:receptive/passive vocabulary 接受性/悲观词汇和productive/产出性/积极词汇1、Learning content教学内容(1)word meaning 词汇意义 include learning form,meaning and use.Knowing a word means:knowing its pronunciation and stress/ its spelling and grammatical properties/ its meaning/ how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.词汇意义涉及conceptual meaning 、associated meaning 概念意义和关联意义概念意义:词典中意思,即literal meaning/ denotation 字面意思/词汇外延、关联意义:文化含义与语境意义,又称connotation 词汇内涵( learn in the context )(2)word use 词汇用法涉及:collocation/ phrases/ idiom/ style/ register 搭配、词组、习语、风格、语域(3)word information 词汇信息涉及:part of speech/ prefixes/ suffixes/ spelling/ pronunciation/ grammar features 词类、前缀、后缀、拼写、发音、语法特性(4)word memory strategies 词汇记忆方略avoid rote-learning 避免死记硬背 word-building构词法猜测词义2、Learning principle教学原则(1)音形义结合 pronounce、spelling、meaning(2)词块整体教学 lexical chunks ( knowledge of collocation 搭配)(3)详细语境中教 learn in the context(4)循序渐进 step by step(5)重复练习巩固记忆 review(6)培养自学词汇能力 deduce the meaning of words猜测词义3、Teaching method教学办法 P200(1)呈现词汇:visual/physical demonstration 直观呈现Word-building 构词法、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义反义词、翻译、举例、问答verbal context/ situation 结合语境/创设情境运用词汇学习方略,如chunks/ reasoning/ analog/ using dictionary归类/推理/类比/查字典(2)巩固词汇:labelling/ spot the difference/ describe the draw/ play a game/ word bingo/word association贴标签/找茬/描述绘画/玩游戏(宾果)/词汇联想三、语法教学 P2011、Content 教学内容grammar语法具备Three dimensions三维性:form,meaning and usage形式、意义和用法 semantic语义涉及grammatical form/the grammatical meaning of the structure/contents of meaning语法形式、构造语法意义和内容意义task 教学任务:语法rules规则cognition/ drill/ application认知/操练/应用、the generation of grammar consciousness语法意识生成2、Principle 教学原则(交际性/实践性、集中分散相结合、趣味性/通俗性)grammar teaching should be:(1)collocational:the grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.(2)Constructive:one's knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit,which closely model the way language is learned and used.(3)Contextual:syntactic and lexical choices are explicitly related to pragmatic ones,and to social and cultural contexts.(4)Contrastive:grammar involves drawing the learner's attention to contrast the differencesbetween the target language and other languages,and between sets of similar features and items of the target language.3、Method教学办法 P202(1)deductive method 演绎法(解说规则,结合实例分析用法,句型练习)features:It saves time/pays more attention to form/teaches grammar in a decontextualized situation脱离上下文(2)inductive method 归纳法(学生自行归纳语法规则)start with examples and guides ss to work out the rules(3)guided discovery method 引导发现法(学生归纳总结语法规则,教师强化其形式意义)四、语篇教学 P2041、概念和构造(1)Conception 概念discourse pattern语篇可以是dialogue、monologue对话、独白,涉及written/spoken language 书面语、口语,form形式上是cohesion衔接,semantic语义上是coherence连贯(2)Tactic pattern构造模式语段/句群、句际关系(并列、顺序、层递、转折)(3)Cohesive device 衔接手段logical connectors逻辑纽带(firstly,thus,on the other hand,if not)grammatical connectors语法纽带(时态什么)Lexical connectors词汇纽带(repetition重复、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义/反义词)Develop ss’ skill of recognizing discourse patterns训练方式:checking the logic of the author’s arguments.getting the scrambled sentences into a paragraph.(focus on textual coherence)marking out common openers to stories and jokes.2、教学内涵Aims at developing ss’ discourse awareness.(teacher asks ss to concentrate on such features as structure,coherence and cohesion of a text)3、教学办法 P207overall effectiveness整体性效能(用knowledge transfer知识迁移实现,重在cultivate application ability应用能力培养)、overall grasp of the discourse语篇整体把握Teaching language at the discourse level :utterance function / expected response/ congratulation/ apology/ acceptance/ inform.第四章初中英语语言技能教学 P212一、听力教学1、影响听力重要因素(1)objective factor客观因素:types of language used 语言特性(语速/tone音调/pause停顿/liaison连读)、task or purpose in listening 听力任务、context in which the listening occurs 文化背景知识(2)subjective factor主观因素:psychological心理因素、knowledge skills知识技能因素、methods and tactics办法与方略因素2、听力教学要领(1)合理选取听力material材料(authenticity真实性、intelligibility可理解性、diversity/variety多样性)(2)建立专门听力training system训练体系(3)优化心理氛围,减少焦急感(arouse interest调动兴趣、放松)(4)注重听过程中skill training技巧训练prediction 预测、guess 猜测、coherent memory 连贯记忆(note-taking)、identifying the discourse markers辨认语段标记(5)科学设计听力练习3、听力训练type类型 P216(1)Focus listening精听(tonal discrimination辨音、gap filling填空、dictation听写)听写形式:dictogloss听释、fast-speech dictation迅速听写、pause and paraphrase听写大意、listening cloze 完形听写、error identification纠错听写、jigsaw identification线索听写(2)Gist listening泛听( decide on the best title )(3)Free listening随意听4、听力教学model模式(1)Bottom-up model“自下而上”(强调language knowledge语言知识)(2)Top-down model“自上而下”(侧重background information背景知识)5、听力教学过程 P218(1)Pre-listening tasks 听前环节(brainstorming/discuss a relevant picture/writing question about the topic/associating vocabularies with the topic)(2)While-listening tasks听中环节(辨音、获取重要信息、预测、猜词悟义)(3)Post-listening tasks 听后环节(writing a similar text作文、discussion讨论)二、口语教学 P2191、Spoken language口语特点(fragmentation构造不完整性、involvement人和场合紧密依存性)(1)语法特性:There are four common features of spoken language:Using less complex syntax.语法Taking short cuts,e.g.incomplete sentences.(and,or,but)Using fixed conventional phrases/chunks.俗语(fashionable word,two-part allegorical saying,colloquialism,slang,phrasal verbs 歇后语/口语词/俚语/短语动词)Using devices such as fillers,hesitation device to give time to think before speaking.构造特性:往往借助filler补白词(you know,let me see,um)形象特性:说话人表情、语调及态度等body language身体语言;音质/声调/重音/停顿(2)口语交际特点“说”受语言rule规则支配/时间factor因素制约/对方response反映影响2、口语教学要领(1)在听基本上培养说能力(使输入信息量不不大于输出信息量)(2)组织多样化口语活动形式口语活动类型:pre-communicative activities 前交际活动(操练/模仿/重复)和communicative activities 交际活动(信息差活动/解决问题活动/讨论/辩论/采访/游戏)(3)对的解决精确与流利关系Accuracy( identify particular phonemes on tape )Fluency( shouldn’t interrupt )(4)创造浓厚外语氛围,勉励学生敢说乐说The characteristics of a successful speaking task:maximum foreign talk/even participation/high motivation/right language level(5)合理选取口语组织形式,增长学生开口机会(小组形式/单双人活动)3、口语训练办法imitativeness模仿性、monologue独白性、performing表演性口语表达三、阅读教学 P2231、外语阅读type/form类型(1)依照阅读方式和技巧不同划分Adaptive reading适应性阅读recognition--read--silent-reading认读--朗读--默读Learning reading学习型阅读plain substance主旨浅显information信息量大,强调阅读速度comprehension理解性阅读real material材料真实、wide theme题材广泛、various types体裁多样,higher difficulty 难度较高(2)依照阅读方式和技巧不同划分Skinning 面式读法/略读(掌握全文大意或中心思想;报刊、新书)quickly get the gistScanning 点式读法/寻读/跳读(查找详细信息;时间、人名、地点、数字)specific informationIntensive reading 线式读法/精读(详细地阅读,进一步分析、理解和记忆)read in detailExtensive reading 纵式读法/泛读(广泛地阅读,阅读速度、迅速理解能力、拓宽视野)facilitate process of accumulating vocabulary / increasing target language expose/ broadening scope of vision(3)依照阅读理解层次划分Literal comprehension 字面理解(依托语言知识/能力辨认词义和语法构造)language knowledge/competence identify meaning and grammatical structureInferential/interpretive comprehension 推断性理解(经历、直觉、逻辑判断理解未明示信息)experience/ intuition/ logic judge and understand unexpressed informationEvaluative comprehension 评价性理解/应用性理解(理解文章信息价值)valueAppreciative comprehension 欣赏性理解(情感熏陶和思想启迪)Emotional influence and thought enlightenment2、阅读教学要领 P226(1)合理选取阅读材料Language difficulties 难度(难于略高于学习者既有水平)higher than present levelInterest 趣味性(布满可读性,激发求知欲和好奇心)readability、thirst for knowledge and curiosityAuthenticity 真实性(英语本族语者撰写)written by native English speakersComprehensiveness 宽泛性(内容反映历史、人物、风土人情、文化习俗以及潮流流行,体裁和题材丰富多样)content various type or forms of literature and theme(2)建立分析性(精读)与综合性(泛读)相结合阅读教学体系分析性阅读与综合性阅读教学分工改进现行分析性阅读教学模式,贯彻阅读训练综合性阅读教学应正规化、课程化(3)注重阅读three elements三要素培养vocabulary词汇、comprehend理解(topic sentence主题句)、speed速度(4)注重阅读过程中技巧训练prediction预测、reading for specific抓中心思想、reading for specific information获取特殊信息、inferring推理(reading between the lines)、identifying the discourse types确认语篇3、阅读教学approach模式 P229(1)The top-down model 自上而下模式为主(pre-reading activities读前环节活动开展)(2)The bottom-up model 自下而上模式为辅(小到大语言文字单位,注重词汇教学) teaching a text by introducing new vocabularies or structuresfollow the sequence of teaching new words,sentences and then the whole passage(3)The interactive-compensatory approach交互补偿模式4、阅读教学过程(1)Pre-reading tasks 读前环节(背景知识、写作风格、西方风俗)predicting what a passage is about/ creating a word web related to a topic/ sharing what is already known about a topic(2)While-reading tasks读中环节(保障充分阅读时间、阅读技能训练)(3)Post-reading tasks 读后环节(思维和实践活动)四、写作教学 P2311、写教学要领(1)Motivate writing motivation 激发写作动机communicative purpose;audience awareness 交际目读者意识(2)指引写作技巧:写单项训练(结合语音教学)语篇写作技巧(design skills构思技巧;过程构思、文本构思;model essay范文是有力工具)skill of planning: finding ideas and put them in order(3)依照不同文体风格指引相应写作方略Formal writing 正式文体(第三人称)typical feature:the precision of language is a priority 语言精准优先well-organized structure 有序构造wide range of vocabulary and structural patterns 有构造模式technical terms and definitions 专用名词和定义Informal writing 非正式文体(一、二人称)typical feature:short and incomplete sentences are common 多为短句、简朴句(4)分阶段设计教学活动,训练写作技能Controlled writing 控制性写作(gap filling/ transcribe/ sentence pattern transformation填空/抄写/句型转换)Guided writing 指引性写作(completion/ reproduction/ compression/ transformation 续写/复写/缩写/转写)Free writing 自由写作(5)写、correct/ amend改、evaluate评相结合2、写作教学模式(1)Product-oriented approach注重成果(给题目--写--改,注重语篇整体)(2)Content-oriented approach注重内容(收集材料--组织文章--修改,写前准备)(3)Process-oriented approach注重过程(准备--写作--修改--再改,写作能力)what/how to write peer-editing3、写作教学process过程(1)Pre-writing tasks写前环节任务和活动(gather and organize ideas激发写作动机) The main procedures of process writing include creating a motivation to write,brainstorming,mapping,freewriting,outlining,drafting,editing,revising,proofreading and conferencing.(2)While-writing tasks写中环节任务和活动(organize written组织成文)drafting,peer-editing,revising(3)Post-writing tasks写后环节任务和活动(comments and feedback 点评和反馈) conferencing第三某些教学设计第一章教学设计skill技能一、教学设计概述 P2411、概念:老式instructional design 教学设计即lesson planning 备课考虑“如何学”最核心某些是lesson plan 教案It’s a teaching guide/ It takes into account syllabus教学大纲 and ss./It describes in advance提前 what about how to teach.2、教学设计principle原则aims目的性原则 variety 多样性原则 flexibility 灵活性原则learnability可学性原则 linkage 衔接性选取 feasibility 可行性原则3、教学设计basic requirements基本规定A language lesson plan usually has the following components:background information, teaching aims,language contents and skills,stages and procedures,teaching aids,assignments,and teacher's after-lesson reflection.4、教学设计新concept理念(1)学生参加课堂设计自主性(2)教学设计贯穿课堂教学全过程(3)教学设计拟定性与不拟定性相统一5、教学设计pattern模式Analysis----design----evaluation 分析----设计----评价分析:学习需求(学习objectives目的分析是核心)、学习者、学习content内容设计:教学strategy方略、教学course过程(task appearance-- preparation--accomplishment--consolidation 任务呈现--任务准备--任务完毕--语言巩固)、教学technique技术评价:教学target目的与否达到是评价教学设计有效性核心反馈修正(feedback correction):教学评价可以提供大量教学反馈信息6、英语教学设计concrete form 详细形式(1)表格式 table form分别陈述学生/教师活动,阐明活动目/意图,突出教学design设计理念(2)流程图式 flow chart form 展示教学process过程(format格式不同)(3)论述式 narrative form二、学情分析 P2481、学习者分析(1)认知特性(2)学习风格 authority-oriented learners崇尚权威型;analytical learners分析型;concrete learners详细型;communicative learners交际型(3)学习方式 accepted 接受性;experience 体验性;independent 自主性;Cooperation 合伙性;exploration 探究性2、学习需求分析(1)learning needs内涵学习当前状态与盼望状态之间差距(2)学习需求分析内容和办法data collection 数据采集;analyze 分析三、教学内容分析 P2511、教学内容选取把握fundamentality基本性(vocabulary/ syntactic structure/ language competence/learning strategy/ cultural knowledge词汇/句法构造/语言能力/学习方略/文化知识)adaptation 适应性(age/ cognitive characteristic 年龄/认知特点)high frequency高频性(frequently used经常使用)enjoyment 趣味性(激发学习兴趣,保证学习effectiveness 有效性)2、对的理解textbook教材(1)分析教材 textbook evaluation provides authentic language/ matches the needs of learners/ can help realize the objectives of a language program(2)解决教材办法(LARA法:leave-adapt-replace-add)(3)教材使用:活化教材、挖掘资源、选准话题(探究性、开放性、生成性)When a teacher using an ELT course book,he should:select appropriate supporting materials and resources.interpret curriculum goals and its expectations for the course.plan lessons in relation to specific goals,topics,texts,and tasks.3、Auxiliary teaching materials辅助教学材料screening筛选(1)教学材料筛选原则:启发式、因材施教、动态生成、适时适度(2)教学材料筛选方略:遵循理念、吃透教材、研究学生(3)辅助教学材料分类:知识类、技能类、课外活动类、教学辅助类、自主学习类四、教学目的 P2551、教学目的陈述内容三个维度:knowledge objective/ ability objective/ emotion objective知识与技能、过程与办法、情感态度与价值观2、教学目的陈述要素以行为目的来陈述教学目的,涉及四个要素:ABCD模式A-audience 主体或听众(限度副词/比例/范畴副词)+主语(ss/learners)B-behavior 行为listen,sing,imitate,recite,depict,recognize,apply,understand,know,master,enjoyC-conditions 条件after this class,under the guidance of the teacher,after attending a lecture,with the help of substances,through imitation/repeatD-degree 限度/原则clearly,fluently,correctly,efficiently,basically,preliminarily,smoothly,appropriately3、教学目的陈述方式按照层级划分有三种goals,aims,objectives(course goals,teaching aims)(1)成果性目的(知识与技能)Know < understand < master(2)体验性目的或体现性目的(过程与办法、情感态度与价值观)4、教学目的陈述原则comprehensive、suitable、specific、accurate全面、恰当(目的层次性/内容和已有知识一致性/教学活动连贯性)、详细、精确五、教学重难点 P2591、教学重难点meaning涵义(1)Teaching key/ Important point教学重点称为subject学科教学core knowledge核心知识(2)Teaching difficult point 教学难点(3)教学重难点relation关系教学重点:stability、chronicity 稳定性、长期性教学难点:temporary、relativity 暂时性、相对性2、教学重难点拟定(1)深刻理解课程原则熟悉和贯彻执行课程原则内容规定(2)进一步研究教材教材是教学重要根据(3)理解学生实际状况学生是教学对象/主体(4)善于总结经验虚心学习、不断提高自身教学素质和能力3、突出重点、突破难点method办法metaphor description比喻阐明法、list comparison 列表对比法、exercise 练习法、Multimedia assisted instruction 多媒体辅助教学法、game activity游戏活动法六、教堂教学process过程设计 P260教学过程(teaching procedure)实现教学、发展和教诲三大功能1、课堂导入活动设计Lead-in导入应达到“3A”功能:arouse勉励启发;advertise引起注意;advance增进(1)课堂导入办法复习导入法(新旧知识联结点)、直观导入法(直观教具或多媒体手段)情境导入法(duty report/音乐/故事/游戏导入)、悬念导入法(呈现一系列问题)(2)注意事项导入时间不适当过长(5’/45’);符合教学目的/内容;从学生实际出发(年龄、性格、认知特性);方式新颖有创意2、语言学习与实践活动设计(呈现、解说、练习巩固和实践新语言知识)(1)呈现活动设计(presentation)。

教师编制考试中学英语教材教法

教师编制考试中学英语教材教法

中学英语教材教法(浙江教师招考)知识汇总第一章中学英语课程基础知识1.英语课程的性质是什么?具有人文性又具有工具性特征。

它对促进人生的发展具有重要意义,也对国家的发展具有重要意义。

工具性:语言是人类最重要的思维和交流工具,也是人们参与社会活动的重要条件,为学习国外先进的文化、科学和进行国际交往创造条件。

人文性:促进心智、情感、态度与价值观的发展和综合人文素养的提高。

2.什么是课程?课程就是科目、课业及其授课程序,是有计划的教学组成部分。

课程包括:教学计划、课程标准、教材、教案、配套练习、相应的评价标准。

3.义务教育英语课程的基本理念有哪些?⑴注重素质教育,体现语言学习对学生发展的价值。

⑵面向全体学生,关注语言学习者的不同特点和个体差异。

⑶整体设计目标,充分考虑语言学习的渐进性和持续性。

⑷强调学习过程,重视语言学习的实践性和应用性。

⑸优化评价方式,着重评价学生的综合语言运用能力。

⑹丰富课程资源,拓展英语学习渠道。

4.英语课程标准语言的实践性如何体现?以学生语言能力的发展应用为主线,对教学内容、学习方式和语言技能进行呈现。

在教学内容描述上,突出语言的功能和运用价值;在学习方式上,强调学生的体验和实践;对学生语言技能上的行为表现了详细的分级描述,要求教师在教学中扩大听和读的输入量。

5.高中英语课程的基本理念有哪5种?⑴重视共同基础,构建发展平台。

⑵提供多种选择,适应个性需求。

⑶优化学习方式,提高自主学习能力⑷关注学生情感,提高人文素养情感。

⑸完善评价体系,促进学生不断发展。

6.中学英语课程的设计思路是什么?英语课程的总体设计思路是,以科学发展观和先进的外语课程理念为指导,综合考虑我国英语教育的发展现状,从义务教育阶段起,建立一个以学生发展为本的、系统而持续渐进的英语课程体系。

7.英语课程有哪5个目标?五个目标之间有什么关系?语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识。

五个目标都围绕一个核心目标,即综合语言运用能力。

初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结.doc

初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结.doc

第一部分语言知识与能力第一章英语语言知识二、语音(Speech Sounds)P781、语音分类发音方式发音部位VL - 清浊音(voiceless consonant) VD - 浊辅音(voiced consonant)2、音系学(phonology)P79(1)同化规则(assimilation Rule)progressive assimilation 顺同化(前面带偏后面)workedregressive assimilation 逆同化(后面带偏前面)newspaperreciprocal/double assimilation 互相同化 did you(2)音节(syllable) tea chi-na im-pos-si-ble重音(stress)声调(tone)(3)语音变化(vocal variety)liaison 连读 pick it upplosion 爆破音plosion loss 失去爆破 sit down ;incomplete plosion 不完全爆破 ask ed nasal plosion 鼻腔爆破 button ;lateral plosion 舌边爆破 little三、形态学(Morphology)1、morpheme 词素重点! P87(1)free morpheme 自由词素 dog ;bound morpheme 黏着词素 moonwalk(2)root 词根; affix 词缀(prefix 前缀、suffix 后缀); stem 词干friend-ships(3)inflectional affix 屈折词缀 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(4)derivational affix 派生词缀改变词性和意义2、(1)inflection 屈折变化 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(2)word-formation 词的形成:compounding 复合法 through-outderivation 派生法(prefixation 前缀化 suffixation 后缀化)il-logical-ly3、常见构词法P89invention 新创词 nylon ;blending 混成法 smoke+fog=smogclipping 截断法 advertisement=ad ;initialism 首字母连写词 WTOacronym 首字母拼音词 AIDS ;back-formation 逆构词法 editor--editanalogical creation 类似构词 work--wrought/workedtypes of borrowing 借词法:loanword/borrowing 借词 feast(法语中借来)loanblend 混合借词 Chinatown (本国加外来)loanshift 转移借词 bridge (借用意义)loan translation 翻译借词(从别种语言翻译而来)4、词义变化broadening 词义扩大 bird 小鸟--鸟类;narrowing 词义缩小 girl 年轻人--女孩meaning shift 词义转移;class shift 词性转换;folk etymology 俗词源(错多了成了对的)四、句法学(Syntax) P911、句法关系syntagmatic relation 组合关系(horizontal relation/chain relation)构成同一形式、序列或结构paradigmatic relation 聚合关系(vertical relation/choice relation)各要素可相互替换relation of co-occurrence 共现关系(不同集合的词语一起组成句子)2、句子结构和成分immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法(IC分析法)The boy ate the apple. 用树形图(tree diagram)一般句子,主谓宾之类的endocentric construction 向心结构一个词或词组可以确定为中心(center)或中心词(head)two stone bridge 一般名词/动词/形容词短语exocentric construction 离心结构没有确定的中心或中心词 The boy smiled. 一般动宾/系表结构deep structure 深层结构(含义相同,说法不同)surface structure 表层结构(句子表述方式)5、语义学(Semantics) P93(1)涵义关系(Sense Relations)lexical relation 词汇关系(1)同义关系(Synonymy)synonyms 同义词stylistic 文体差别(formality) buy--perchase ;dialectal 地域差别underground--subwaycollocational 搭配差别 accuse(of)--charge(with) ;emotive 情感差别 thrifty--stingy ;semantic 语义差别 enough--ample(2)反义关系(Antonymy)antonyms 反义词 relational opposites 意义相反词gradable antonymy 等级反义 warm--coolcomplementary antonymy 互补反义 boy--girlconverse antonymy 反向反义关系 buy--sell(3)上下义关系(Hyponymy)种类和成员包括上坐标词(superordinate)和下义词(hyponymy) flower--rose/tulip(4)一词多义(Polysemy)(5)同音/同形异义现象(Homonymy)homophone 同音异义 sun--sonhomograph 同形异义 liecomplete homonym 完全同音同形异义 bank 岸边;银行2、句子逻辑关系 iff--充分必要条件“S is true iff P”P就是S的真值条件(truth condition)P(1)synonymy 同义关系“X is synonymous with Y.”同真同假 P95(2)contradiction 矛盾关系“X is inconsistent with Y.”一真一假(3)entailment 蕴含关系“X entails Y.” X小,Y大 X:old man Y:man (4)presupposition 预设关系“X presupposes Y.” Y是前提 X:repair the car Y:have a car六、语用学(Pragmatics) P961、言语行为理论(Speech Act Theory)(1)locutionary act 发话行为(说话人表达字面意思)is the act of saying something which is meaningful an can be understood.(2)illocutionary act 行事行为(说话人表达意图)is the act in saying something to perform a function.(3)perlocutionary act 取效行为(作用于听话人的效果)is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying something.言外之意(illocutionary point):representatives 阐述类; directives 指令类; commissives 承诺类;expressives 表达类; declarations 宣告类1、会话含义理论(Conversational Principle/Maxim) violate 违反 P97cooperative principle,CP 合作原则(会话有共同目标)“Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.”(1)the maxim of quantity数量准则(信息充分)(2)the maxim of quality质量准则(说实话)(3)the maxim of relation相关准则(说相关的事)(4)the maxim of manner方式准则(清楚简洁避免歧义)conversational implicature 会话含义(用会话准则暗示意义)(1)calculability 可推导性(含义能理解)(2)cancellability 可取消性(defeasibility)(因素变化,含义变化)(3)non-detachability 不可分离性(含义依附于内容)(4)non-conventionality非规约性(含义不确定)七、修辞学(Rhetoric)问法:rhetoric/rhetorical device 修辞策略 P981、simile明喻 like,as...as,as if,as though,similar to,such as2、metaphor隐喻(暗含比较) elephant pause3、personification拟人(把事物或概念当做人)4、metonymy借代(用事物的名称代替亲密相关的另一事物)5、synecdoche提喻(部分代替整体或整体代替部分) hand/mouth--man6、euphemism婉言 die--pass away7、irony反语(意思相反)8、allegory讽喻9、exaggeration夸张(夸大或缩小使表达生动有趣)10、transferred epithet移位修辞 nervous exam11、oxymoron矛盾修辞 bitter-sweet memory12、pun双关语(homophonic puns 谐音双关;homographic puns 语义双关)八、语言教学 P1001、中介语(interlanguage)2、对比分析(contrastive analysis)3、错误分析(error analysis)(1)error错误(因为知识不足)mistake失误(不注意犯错)(2)interlingual errors语际错误(迁移错误)因为母语 Cnglishintralingual errors语内错误(发展性错误)因为过度概括语言规则 eat-eated(错)4、错误性质:omissions 省略(少成分);additions 添加(多成分);misformations 形式错误(eated);double markings 双重标记(didn’t went);misorderings 顺序错误(how you are)5、我国外语学习者错误类型(1)negative transfer 负迁移/干扰因为母语(2)over-generalization过度类推/过度概括因为过度概括语言规则(3)pragmatic failure语用错误违反对方的文化习俗6、第二外语习得理论(Second Language Acquisition,SLA)(1)Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis语言习得和学得假说(习得和学得两条不同的途径)(2)Monitor Hypothesis语言监察假说(学习者自己监督控制语言输出质量)(3)Input Hypothesis语言输入假说(接触理解可理解性语言输入comprehensible input)(4)Affective Filter Hypothesis情感过滤假说(输入input和吸收intake受到动力motivation、性格personality、情感状态affective state)(5)Natural Order Hypothesis自然顺序假说(可以不按任何语法顺序来教学)第二章英语语言运用能力一、教学中的非语言交际1、非语言手段 P118environment language环境语(座位安排、时间信息、室内标示装饰、声音灯光等)object language客体语(个人,衣着化妆、个人用品等)2、非语言行为body language体态语(身姿、手势、表情、目光)paralanguage 副语言(声音音质、音量、语调、语速)第三章英语国家的语言、历史和文学三、语言、文化和社会1、局部结构 P131毗邻对(adjacency pairs)一轮对话(1)毗邻对的条件相关性(conditional relevance)preferred second part/preference structure 优选结构 Hidispreferred second part/dispreference structure 非优选结构relevant absence 相关缺失(2)毗邻对的扩展base pairs 根毗邻对(被其他会话扩展之前的毗邻对)前扩展,指前序列(pre-sequences),包括邀请、请求、结束、宣告中扩展,包括插入序列(insertion sequences)和旁侧序列(side sequences)后扩展,指后序列(post sequences),包括会话修正和主体化2、会话修正会话修正机制三个部分:修正源(trouble source)、修正的发起(repair initiation)、修正(repair)lexical 词汇启动(no,sorry,let me see,you know)non-lexical 非词汇启动(um..,uh..)四、语言与文字1、小说语言 P134(1)小说与视角first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者(I)third-person narrator第三人称叙述者(he,she,it,they)(2)语言表达与思想表达direct speech 直接言语(“F**k you”)indirect speech间接言语(he said/asked)free indirect speech 自由间接言语第二部分语言教学知识与能力第一章初中英语课程标准一、初中英语课程基础知识1、英语课程的性质 P149The nature of English Curriculum is instrumentality/tool and humanity.(工具性和人文性)Students’ overall development is the motivation and goal of the English curriculum.2、英语课程的设计思路The design of the new National English Curriculum unifies both primary and secondary school English into one continuum of development and divides English language teaching and learning into nine competence-based levels by adopting the international general classification method.Level 5 is the required standard for the end of junior middle school. Level 2--primary school二、英语课程的分级标准 P1541、语言技能(Language Skills)Overall performance objectives for each level are given in addition to detailed descriptions of abilities regarding language knowledge, language skills, affect, learning strategies as well as cultural awareness for relevant levels.2、语言知识(Language Knowledge)(语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题)Students are required to learn consists of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, function and theme.3、情感态度(Affect)(兴趣、动机、自信、意志和合作精神;祖国意识和国际视野)interest, motivation, confidence, will and cooperation; National consciousness and international vision.4、学习策略(Learning Strategies)(认知、调控、交际、资源)Learning strategies can be classified into four groups: cognitive strategy, regulative strategy, communicative strategy and resourcing strategy.5、文化意识(Cultural Awareness/Understanding)(历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、行为规范、文学艺术、价值观念)Historical geography, local customs, traditional customs, lifestyle, norms of behavior, literature and art, values.三、英语课程的实施建议 P1611、教学建议(1)面向全体学生,为每个学生学习英语奠定基础(2)注意语言实践,培养学生的语言运用能力(3)加强学习策略指导,培养学生自主学习能力(4)培养学生的跨文化交际意识,发展跨文化交际能力(5)结合实际教学需要,创造性地使用教材(6)合理利用各种教学资源,提高学生的学习效率(7)组织生动活泼的课外活动,拓展学生的学习渠道(8)不断提高专业水平,努力适应课程要求第二章初中英语教学基本理论一、语言观(Views of Language) P1731、语言的概念Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2、语言的本质特征/设计特性(design features)(1)arbitrariness 任意性(体现了convention规约性)(2)duality 二重性(basic level, higher level基层和高层)(3)creativity 创造性/productivity能产性(4)displacement 移位性(赋予generalizations, abstractions概括和抽象)(5)cultural transmission 文化传习性3、语言的功能(Functions of Language)(1)informative function信息功能(2)interpersonal function人际功能(3)performative function施为功能(4)emotive function情绪功能(5)phatic function寒暄功能(6)recreational function娱乐功能(7)metalingual function元语言功能4、语言学角度的语言观(1)The Structural View of Language 结构语言观the structural view sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: phonology, morphology, lexicology and syntax.(2)The Function View of Language 功能语言观the function view sees language not only as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.(3)The Interactional View of Language 交互语言观(interaction, dynamics交互性和动态)the interactional view of language considers language as a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.(2)语言学习观(Views of Language Learning) P1761、语言学习理论(1)Behaviorist Learning Theory 行为主义学习理论Behaviorism is an approach to psychology that arouses out of the ideas that attempted to explain all learning in terms of some form of conditioning (stimulus, response, and reinforcement)(2)Cognitive Learning Theory认知主义学习理论Cognitive theory thinks that “language is a intricate rule-based system and with a knowledge of the finite rules (language competence), infinite sentences can be produced”.(3)Constructivist Learning Theory构建主义学习理论The constructivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his own experiences and what he already knows.最近发展区理论 Zone of Proximal Development三、语言教学观(Views of Language Teaching) P1781、语言教学理论(结构主义教学理论、认知主义教学理论、社会语言学理论)4、外语教学法的主要流派(1)grammar-translation method 语法翻译法(2)audio-lingual method 听说法(pattern drill 句型操练、contrastive analysis 对比分析法)(3)total physical response 全身反应教学法 P181(4)cognitive approach 认知教学法(提高accuracy, appropriateness得体性)(5)communicate approach 交际法(包含function,notion功能和意念) P183 (1)交际能力(communicative competence)grammatical competence 语法能力、sociolinguistic 社会语言能力、discourse 语篇能力、strategic 策略能力、linguistic 语言能力、pragmatic语用能力、fluency流利性(2)3P教学模式:presentation--practice--production(6)task-based approach任务型教学 P1841、real-world tasks /target tasks 目标任务; pedagogical tasks 教学任务2、任务的四个构成元素:objective、context、process、outcome3、information gap 信息差/信息沟activities must have clear and attainable objectives./should be confined to the classroom context./should help develop students’ language ability.4、constructivism learning theory建构主义学习理论(强调scene, writing, conversation, and meaning construction情景、写作、会话和意义建构)5、任务型教学的三个环节:pre-task前任务、task-cycle任务环(task、planning、report)、language focus语言聚焦(analysis、practice)第三章初中英语语言知识教学一、语音教学 P1921、语音教学的内容The realistic goal of teaching pronunciation should be①consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and natural.②intelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners.③communicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.2、Pronunciation knowledge teaching发音知识教学(monophonic, alphabet, phonetic symbols单音、字母、音标)3、Flow of language teaching语流教学(sounds, stress, rhythm, and intonation重音、节奏、语调)(4)The principle of phonetic teaching语音教学的原则(accuracy, long-term, integrity, communication, pertinence, interest准确性、长期性、整体性、交际性、针对性、趣味性原则)(5)The teaching method of phonetics语音的教学方法 P195(1)Sound perception听音感知练习方法:using minimal pairs 最小对立体(live--leave)、which order 排序、same or different 辨别异同、odd one out 同中选异、completion 填空(2)Imitation and explanation 模仿讲解personally demonstration、imitate、 practice亲自示范,反复模仿、练习(3)Pronunciation practice发音练习练习方法:listen and repeat 听音模仿、fill in the blanks 填空、using pictures 借助图片、using meaningful context 借助情景make up sentences 造句、using togue twisters运用绕口令(4)语流教学(见上)慢动作(slow motion speaking)二、词汇教学 P197 language teaching theories 理论构成:receptive/passive vocabulary 接受性/消极词汇和productive/产出性/积极词汇1、Learning content教学内容(1)word meaning 词汇的意义 include learning form,meaning and use.Knowing a word means: knowing its pronunciation and stress/ its spelling and grammatical properties/ its meaning/ how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.词汇意义包括conceptual meaning 、 associated meaning 概念意义和关联意义概念意义:词典中意思,即literal meaning/ denotation 字面意思/词汇的外延、关联意义:文化含义与语境意义,又称connotation 词汇的内涵( learn in the context )(2)word use 词汇的用法包括:collocation/ phrases/ idiom/ style/ register 搭配、词组、习语、风格、语域(3)word information 词汇信息包括:part of speech/ prefixes/ suffixes/ spelling/ pronunciation/ grammar features 词类、前缀、后缀、拼写、发音、语法特征(4)word memory strategies 词汇记忆策略avoid rote-learning 避免死记硬背 word-building构词法猜测词义2、Learning principle教学原则(1)音形义结合 pronounce、spelling、meaning(2)词块整体教学 lexical chunks ( knowledge of collocation 搭配)(3)具体语境中教 learn in the context(4)循序渐进 step by step(5)反复练习巩固记忆 review(6)培养自学词汇能力 deduce the meaning of words猜测词义3、Teaching method教学方法 P200(1)呈现词汇:visual/physical demonstration 直观呈现Word-building 构词法、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义反义词、翻译、举例、问答 verbal context/ situation 结合语境/创设情境运用词汇学习策略,如chunks/ reasoning/ analog/ using dictionary归类/推理/类比/查字典(2)巩固词汇:labelling/ spot the difference/ describe the draw/ play a game/ word bingo/word association贴标签/找茬/描述绘画/玩游戏(宾果)/词汇联想三、语法教学 P2011、Content 教学内容grammar语法具有Three dimensions三维性:form, meaning and usage形式、意义和用法semantic语义包括grammatical form/the grammatical meaning of thestructure/contents of meaning语法形式、结构的语法意义和内容意义task 教学任务:语法rules规则的cognition/ drill/ application认知/操练/应用、the generation of grammar consciousness语法意识的生成2、Principle 教学原则(交际性/实践性、集中分散相结合、趣味性/通俗性)grammar teaching should be:(1)collocational:the grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.(2)Constructive:one's knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit,which closely model the way language is learned and used.(3)Contextual:syntactic and lexical choices are explicitly related to pragmatic ones,and to social and cultural contexts.(4)Contrastive:grammar involves drawing the learner's attention to contrast the differences between the target language and other languages,and between sets of similar features and items of the target language.3、Method教学方法 P202(1)deductive method 演绎法(讲解规则,结合实例分析用法,句型练习)features: It saves time/pays more attention to form/teaches grammar in a decontextualized situation脱离上下文(2)inductive method 归纳法(学生自行归纳语法规则)start with examples and guides ss to work out the rules(3)guided discovery method 引导发现法(学生归纳总结语法规则,老师强化其形式意义)四、语篇教学 P2041、概念和结构(1)Conception 概念discourse pattern语篇可以是dialogue、monologue对话、独白,包括written/spoken language 书面语、口语,form形式上是cohesion衔接的,semantic语义上是coherence 连贯的(2)Tactic pattern结构模式语段/句群、句际关系(并列、顺序、层递、转折)(3)Cohesive device 衔接手段logical connectors逻辑纽带(firstly, thus, on the other hand, if not)grammatical connectors语法纽带(时态什么的)Lexical connectors词汇纽带(repetition重复、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义/反义词)Develop ss’ skill of recognizing discourse patterns训练方式:checking the logic of the author’s arguments.getting the scrambled sentences into a paragraph.(focus on textual coherence) marking out common openers to stories and jokes.2、教学内涵Aims at developing ss’ discourse awareness.(teacher asks ss to concentrate on such features as structure, coherence and cohesion of a text)3、教学方法 P207overall effectiveness整体性效能(用knowledge transfer知识迁移实现,重在cultivate application ability应用能力培养)、overall grasp of the discourse语篇的整体把握Teaching language at the discourse level :utterance function / expected response/ congratulation/ apology/ acceptance/ inform.第四章初中英语语言技能教学 P212一、听力教学1、影响听力的主要因素(1)objective factor客观因素:types of language used 语言特征(语速/tone音调/pause 停顿/liaison连读)、task or purpose in listening 听力任务、context in which the listening occurs文化背景知识(2)subjective factor主观因素:psychological心理因素、knowledge skills知识技能因素、methods and tactics方法与策略因素2、听力教学的要领(1)合理选择听力material材料(authenticity真实性、intelligibility可理解性、diversity/variety多样性)(2)建立专门的听力training system训练体系(3)优化心理氛围,降低焦虑感(arouse interest调动兴趣、放松)(4)重视听的过程中的skill training技巧训练prediction 预测、guess 猜测、coherent memory 连贯记忆(note-taking)、identifying the discourse markers辨认语段标记(5)科学设计听力练习3、听力训练的type类型 P216(1)Focus listening精听(tonal discrimination辨音、gap filling填空、dictation 听写)听写形式:dictogloss听释、fast-speech dictation快速听写、pause and paraphrase听写大意、listening cloze 完形听写、error identification纠错听写、jigsaw identification线索听写(2)Gist listening泛听( decide on the best title )(3)Free listening随意听4、听力教学model模式(1)Bottom-up model“自下而上”(强调language knowledge语言知识)(2)Top-down model“自上而下”(侧重background information背景知识)5、听力教学的过程 P2181、Pre-listening tasks 听前环节(brainstorming/discuss a relevant picture/writing question about the topic/associating vocabularies with the topic)2、While-listening tasks听中环节(辨音、获取主要信息、预测、猜词悟义)3、Post-listening tasks 听后环节(writing a similar text作文、discussion讨论)二、口语教学 P2191、Spoken language口语的特点(fragmentation结构不完整性、involvement人和场合紧密依存性)(1)语法特征:There are four common features of spoken language:Using less complex syntax.语法Taking short cuts,e.g.incomplete sentences.(and, or,but)Using fixed conventional phrases/chunks.俗语(fashionable word, two-part allegorical saying,colloquialism,slang,phrasal verbs 歇后语/口语词/俚语/短语动词)Using devices such as fillers,hesitation device to give time to think before speaking.结构特征:往往借助filler补白词(you know, let me see, um)形象特征:说话人的表情、语气及态度等body language身体语言;音质/声调/重音/停顿(2)口语的交际特点“说”受语言rule规则支配/时间factor因素制约/对方response反应影响2、口语教学的要领(1)在听的基础上培养说的能力(使输入的信息量大于输出的信息量)(2)组织多样化的口语活动形式口语活动类型:pre-communicative activities 前交际活动(操练/模仿/重复)和communicative activities 交际活动(信息差活动/解决问题活动/讨论/辩论/采访/游戏)(3)正确处理准确与流利的关系Accuracy( identify particular phonemes on tape )Fluency( shouldn’t interrupt )(4)创造浓厚外语氛围,鼓励学生敢说乐说The characteristics of a successful speaking task:maximum foreign talk/even participation/high motivation/right language level (5)合理选择口语组织形式,增加学生开口的机会(小组形式/单双人活动)3、口语训练的方法imitativeness模仿性、monologue独白性、performing表演性的口语表达三、阅读教学 P2231、外语阅读的type/form类型(1)根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Adaptive reading适应性阅读recognition--read--silent-reading认读--朗读--默读Learning reading学习型阅读plain substance主旨浅显information信息量大,强调阅读速度comprehension理解性阅读real material材料真实、wide theme题材广泛、various types体裁多样,higher difficulty 难度较高(2)根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Skinning 面式读法/略读(掌握全文大意或中心思想;报刊、新书)quickly get the gistScanning 点式读法/寻读/跳读(查找具体信息;时间、人名、地点、数字)specific informationIntensive reading 线式读法/精读(详细地阅读,深入分析、理解和记忆)read in detailExtensive reading 纵式读法/泛读(广泛地阅读,阅读速度、快速理解能力、拓宽视野) facilitate process of accumulating vocabulary / increasing target language expose/ broadening scope of vision(3)根据阅读理解的层次划分Literal comprehension 字面理解(依靠语言知识/能力辨认词义和语法结构)language knowledge/competence identify meaning and grammatical structure Inferential/interpretive comprehension 推断性理解(经历、直觉、逻辑判断理解未明示信息)experience/ intuition/ logic judge and understand unexpressed information Evaluative comprehension 评价性理解/应用性理解(理解文章信息的价值)valueAppreciative comprehension 欣赏性理解(情感熏陶和思想启迪)Emotional influence and thought enlightenment2、阅读教学的要领 P226(1)合理选择阅读材料Language difficulties 难度(难于略高于学习者现有水平)higher than present levelInterest 趣味性(充满可读性,激发求知欲和好奇心)readability、thirst for knowledge and curiosityAuthenticity 真实性(英语本族语者撰写)written by native English speakersComprehensiveness 宽泛性(内容反映历史、人物、风土人情、文化习俗以及时尚流行,体裁和题材丰富多样)content various type or forms of literature and theme(2)建立分析性(精读)与综合性(泛读)相结合的阅读教学体系分析性阅读与综合性阅读教学的分工改进现行分析性阅读教学模式,落实阅读训练综合性阅读教学应正规化、课程化(3)重视阅读three elements三要素的培养vocabulary词汇、comprehend理解(topic sentence主题句)、speed速度(4)重视阅读过程中的技巧训练prediction预测、reading for specific抓中心思想、reading for specific information 获取特殊信息、inferring推理(reading between the lines)、identifying the discourse types确认语篇3、阅读教学的approach模式 P2291、The top-down model 自上而下模式为主(pre-reading activities读前环节活动的开展)2、The bottom-up model 自下而上模式为辅(小到大的语言文字单位,重视词汇教学)teaching a text by introducing new vocabularies or structuresfollow the sequence of teaching new words, sentences and then the whole passage 3、The interactive-compensatory approach交互补偿模式4、阅读教学的过程1、Pre-reading tasks 读前环节(背景知识、写作风格、西方风俗)predicting what a passage is about/ creating a word web related to a topic/ sharing what is already known about a topic2、While-reading tasks读中环节(保障充足阅读时间、阅读技能训练)3、Post-reading tasks 读后环节(思维和实践活动)四、写作教学 P2311、写的教学要领(1)Motivate writing motivation 激发写作动机communicative purpose; audience awareness 交际目的读者意识(2)指导写作技巧:写的单项训练(结合语音教学)语篇写作技巧(design skills构思技巧;过程构思、文本构思;model essay范文是有力工具)skill of planning: finding ideas and put them in order(3)根据不同文体风格指导相应的写作策略Formal writing 正式文体(第三人称)typical feature: the precision of language is a priority 语言精确优先well-organized structure 有序的结构wide range of vocabulary and structural patterns 有结构的模式technical terms and definitions 专用名词和定义Informal writing 非正式文体(一、二人称)typical feature: short and incomplete sentences are common 多为短句、简单句(4)分阶段设计教学活动,训练写作技能Controlled writing 控制性写作(gap filling/ transcribe/ sentence pattern transformation填空/抄写/句型转换)Guided writing 指导性写作(completion/ reproduction/ compression/ transformation 续写/复写/缩写/转写)Free writing 自由写作(5)写、correct/ amend改、evaluate评相结合2、写作教学的模式(1)Product-oriented approach注重结果(给题目--写--改,注重语篇整体)(2)Content-oriented approach注重内容(收集材料--组织文章--修改,写前准备)(3)Process-oriented approach注重过程(准备--写作--修改--再改,写作能力)what/how to write peer-editing3、写作教学的process过程一、Pre-writing tasks写前环节的任务和活动(gather and organize ideas激发写作动机)The main procedures of process writing include creating a motivation to write, brainstorming,mapping,freewriting,outlining,drafting,editing,revising,proofreading and conferencing.二、While-writing tasks写中环节的任务和活动(organize written组织成文)drafting, peer-editing, revising三、Post-writing tasks写后环节的任务和活动(comments and feedback 点评和反馈) conferencing第三部分教学设计第一章教学设计skill技能一、教学设计概述 P2411、概念:传统的instructional design 教学设计即lesson planning 备课考虑“如何学”最核心的部分是lesson plan 教案It’s a teaching guide/ It takes into account syllabus教学大纲 and ss./It describes in advance提前 what about how to teach.2、教学设计principle原则aims目标性原则 variety 多样性原则 flexibility 灵活性原则learnability可学性原则 linkage 衔接性选择 feasibility 可行性原则3、教学设计的basic requirements基本要求A language lesson plan usually has the following components:background information,teaching aims, language contents and skills, stages and procedures, teaching aids, assignments, and teacher's after-lesson reflection.4、教学设计新concept理念(1)学生参与课堂设计的自主性(2)教学设计贯穿课堂教学的全过程(3)教学设计的确定性与不确定性相统一5、教学设计的pattern模式Analysis----design----evaluation 分析----设计----评价分析:学习需求(学习objectives目标分析是关键)、学习者、学习content内容设计:教学strategy策略、教学course过程(task appearance--preparation--accomplishment--consolidation 任务呈现--任务准备--任务完成--语言巩固)、教学technique技术评价:教学target目标是否达成是评价教学设计有效性的关键反馈修正(feedback correction):教学评价能够提供大量的教学反馈信息6、英语教学设计的concrete form 具体形式(1)表格式 table form分别陈述学生/教师活动,说明活动目的/意图,突出教学design 设计的理念(2)流程图式 flow chart form 展示教学process过程(format格式不同)(3)叙述式 narrative form二、学情分析 P2481、学习者分析(1)认知特征(2)学习风格 authority-oriented learners崇尚权威型;analytical learners分析型; concrete learners具体型;communicative learners交际型(3)学习方式 accepted 接受性;experience 体验性;independent 自主性;Cooperation 合作性;exploration 探究性2、学习需求分析(1)learning needs的内涵学习目前状态与期望状态之间的差距(2)学习需求分析的内容和方法data collection 数据采集;analyze 分析三、教学内容分析 P2511、教学内容的选择把握fundamentality基础性(vocabulary/ syntactic structure/ language competence/ learning strategy/ cultural knowledge词汇/句法结构/语言能力/学习策略/文化知识)adaptation 适应性(age/ cognitive characteristic 年龄/认知特点)high frequency高频性(frequently used经常使用的)enjoyment 趣味性(激发学习兴趣,保证学习effectiveness 有效性)2、正确理解textbook教材(1)分析教材 textbook evaluation provides authentic language/ matches the needs of learners/ can help realize the objectives of a language program(2)处理教材的方法(LARA法:leave-adapt-replace-add)(3)教材的使用:活化教材、挖掘资源、选准话题(探究性、开放性、生成性)When a teacher using an ELT course book, he should:select appropriate supporting materials and resources.interpret curriculum goals and its expectations for the course.plan lessons in relation to specific goals, topics, texts, and tasks.3、Auxiliary teaching materials辅助教学材料的screening筛选(1)教学材料筛选的原则:启发式、因材施教、动态生成、适时适度(2)教学材料筛选的策略:遵循理念、吃透教材、研究学生(3)辅助教学材料的分类:知识类、技能类、课外活动类、教学辅助类、自主学习类四、教学目标 P255(1)教学目标的陈述内容三个维度:knowledge objective/ ability objective/ emotion objective知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观(2)教学目标的陈述要素以行为目标来陈述教学目标,包括四个要素:ABCD模式A-audience 主体或听众(程度副词/百分比/范围副词)+主语(ss/learners)B-behavior 行为listen,sing,imitate,recite,depict,recognize,apply,understand,know,master,enjoy C-conditions 条件after this class, under the guidance of the teacher, after attending a lecture,with the help of substances, through imitation/repeatD-degree 程度/标准clearly, fluently, correctly, efficiently, basically, preliminarily, smoothly, appropriately(3)教学目标的陈述方式按照层级划分有三种goals,aims,objectives(course goals, teaching aims)(1)结果性目标(知识与技能)(2)体验性目标或表现性目标(过程与方法、情感态度与价值观)(4)教学目标的陈述原则comprehensive、suitable、specific、 accurate全面、恰当(目标层次性/内容和已有知识一致性/教学活动连贯性)、具体、准确五、教学重难点 P2591、教学重难点的meaning涵义(1)Teaching key/ Important point教学重点称为subject学科教学的core knowledge核心知识(2)Teaching difficult point 教学难点(3)教学重难点的relation关系教学重点:stability、chronicity 稳定性、长期性教学难点:temporary、relativity 暂时性、相对性2、教学重难点的确定(1)深刻理解课程标准熟悉和贯彻执行课程标准的内容要求(2)深入研究教材教材是教学的主要依据(3)了解学生的实际情况学生是教学的对象/主体(4)善于总结经验虚心学习、不断提高自身教学素质和能力3、突出重点、突破难点的method方法metaphor description比喻说明法、list comparison 列表对比法、exercise 练习法、 Multimedia assisted instruction 多媒体辅助教学法、game activity游戏活动法六、教堂教学process过程设计 P260教学过程(teaching procedure)实现教学、发展和教育三大功能1、课堂导入活动的设计Lead-in导入应达到“3A”的功效:arouse激励启发;advertise引起注意;advance促进(1)课堂导入的方法复习导入法(新旧知识的联结点)、直观导入法(直观教具或多媒体手段)情境导入法(duty report/音乐/故事/游戏导入)、悬念导入法(呈现一系列问题)(2)注意事项导入时间不宜过长(5’/45’);符合教学目标/内容;从学生实际出发(年龄、性格、认知特征);方式新颖有创意2、语言学习与实践活动的设计(呈现、讲解、练习巩固和实践新语言知识)(1)呈现活动的设计(presentation)问题呈现、情景呈现、故事呈现(完整故事贯穿整个课堂教学)、直观呈现(简笔画/图片/模型/幻灯片/身势语)。

初中考编教案英语

初中考编教案英语

教案名称:初中英语单词教学年级:初中一年级学科:英语课时:2课时教材:《新目标英语》教学目标:1. 学生能够掌握本课的生词和短语,并能正确拼写和运用。

2. 学生能够通过单词和短语的学习,提高阅读和写作能力。

3. 学生能够通过小组合作学习,提高口语交流能力。

教学重点:1. 生词和短语的拼写和运用。

2. 提高学生的阅读和写作能力。

教学难点:1. 生词和短语的理解和运用。

2. 提高学生的阅读和写作能力。

教学准备:1. 单词和短语卡片。

2. 课文文本。

3. 录音机和磁带。

教学过程:第一课时:一、热身(5分钟)1. 教师与学生进行简单的对话,询问学生对单词学习的看法。

2. 学生进行小组活动,用英语进行自我介绍。

二、课堂讲解(15分钟)1. 教师出示单词卡片,引导学生读准单词的发音。

2. 教师解释单词的意思,并给出例句,让学生理解单词的用法。

3. 教师出示短语卡片,引导学生理解短语的意思和用法。

三、课堂练习(10分钟)1. 学生进行小组活动,用所学的单词和短语进行对话。

2. 教师选取几个小组的对话进行展示,并给予评价。

四、课后作业(5分钟)1. 学生回家后,用所学的单词和短语写一篇小短文。

2. 家长签字确认,教师进行批改。

第二课时:一、复习(5分钟)1. 教师检查学生对上节课所学生词和短语的掌握情况。

2. 学生进行小组活动,用所学的单词和短语进行对话。

二、课堂讲解(15分钟)1. 教师出示新的单词卡片,引导学生读准单词的发音。

2. 教师解释单词的意思,并给出例句,让学生理解单词的用法。

3. 教师出示短语卡片,引导学生理解短语的意思和用法。

三、课堂练习(10分钟)1. 学生进行小组活动,用所学的单词和短语进行对话。

2. 教师选取几个小组的对话进行展示,并给予评价。

四、课后作业(5分钟)1. 学生回家后,用所学的单词和短语写一篇小短文。

2. 家长签字确认,教师进行批改。

教学评价:1. 课后作业的批改,了解学生对单词和短语的掌握情况。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

考编初中英语教材教法复习重点名词解释1 直接教学法的特点: 老师将信息直接传递给学生,并把每节课的时间做适当的安排,以便能以最高的效率达成明确的教学目标. 直接以第二语或目标语(target language)来沟通或教学.优点:有助于培养学生的听说能力,使用外国语的习惯,激发学生的学习兴趣。

重视以句为单位有利于直接运用外语。

缺点:忽视母语的作用,忽视学生和成年人学习外语的特点,忽视语法作用死记硬背,语法基础,只需套用。

(详见教材338页)2 任务型教学:以任务来组织教学,在任务实施过程中以参与体验,互动、交流合作的方式充分发挥学习者的认知能力,调动他们已有的目的语资源,在实践中感知,认识以及应用目的语。

理论基础:语言习得理论,在体验中掌握。

3 教学策略:要达到某个教学预期效果而采取的整套教学行为。

4 教学设计:在进行教学活动之前根据教学目的和要求运用系统方法对参与教学活动的诸要素所进行的分析和策划的过程。

5 阅读:学习者运用自己头脑中所具备的知识背景,概念,对文字材料进行加工从而形成自己的理解的过程。

(详见教材161页)6 交际语言使用教学法:主要通过教师与学生之间的交流与对话来实现教学任务。

特点:a 教学目的是培养学生的交际能力,而不应限于语法或语言知识能力之上。

b 语言教学方法应该是通过语言重实践的功能和意义设计,达成语言功能目标是重点。

c 流畅与准确是基础的交际方法,它们互相补充。

d 在富有交际性的课堂中,学生必须最大限度的富有创造性的使用语言。

7 练习的平衡:及时提高难度、在一定的阶段以一种练习为中心、注意因材施教、实行总体练习统筹、加强练习的整体联系。

(详见教材244页)8 教学的原则:教学原则是有效进行教学必须遵循的基本要求。

教学原则对教学中的各项活动起着指导和制约的作用。

教学原则的概念首先表明了教学原则的合目的性。

教学活动永远是按照一定的教育教学目的进行的,教学原则要能够指导教学工作,必须与国家所规定的教育教学目的一致,必须是有利于这些目的实现的。

Skehan(专家):a 意义是最重要的。

b 学习者不是重复他人的话。

c 与真实生活中的活动有相似之处。

d 最重要的是任务的完成。

e 要看是否有结果。

Nunan(专家):a 通过交流来学会交际。

b 将真实的材料引入学习环境。

c 学习者不仅注意语言的学习,而且关注学习过程的本身。

d 把学习者的个人生活经历作为学习的重要资源。

e 将课堂内的语言学习与课堂外的语言活动结合起来。

简述题:1 关于任务型教学的理论基础?答:语言习得理论:在体验中掌握.学习理论:在学校环境中通过教授的方法,根据语言习得的规律,学习者可以理解一套语法规则与他们是否内化并运用这项规则并不是一回事.学习者实际上须要的是不仅有不同情境,不同语境中反复接触含有这项语法规则的机会,而且他们还须要在不同的情境中使用固定的方法,从而逐渐发展自己的语言系统.掌握语言的最佳途径就是让学生做事情完成各个任务.语言习得的四个条件:语言环境;使用语言的机会;使用语言的动机;教学的条件.2 如何分析和处理教材?答:分析教材:研读课本说明、编者意图、内容安排、体系、课文结构、单元知识和课时安排。

浏览教材、通读教材、细读某一单元的教材、精读即将实施的教材。

理解教材的重点是什么,学生最难理解与把握的问题,各种例题和习题的作用。

处理教材:要组织好旧知识的复习,创设好学生接受知识的最近发展区,还有就是课题的如何引入和新旧知识的处理。

根据教材特点和学生实际怎样合理安排教学程序;根据反馈原理选择和安排层次练习,使听说读写技能锻炼落到实处;根据学生实际选择适当的教育方法。

3 关于如何理解词汇教学?答:(详见教材81页)质量并重,逐层加深;立足于词汇系统之上,着眼于词汇教学之外;集中分散,交替互补。

4 关于听力教学的常用方法?答:(详见教材132页)注重理解原则和方法要点。

5 句型教学的基本套路和基础?答:(详见教材106页)6任务型教学中教师的角色?答:学习的计划着和组织者学习方向的指导和资源的提供者言语和语言相关行为的示范者开展活动的协作者探索知识,开发学习技能的和策略享受成功的指导者和同伴为学习者提供恰当的评估结论和反馈。

7 词汇教学存在的问题和困难?答:(详见教材79页)8 说的教学原则. (要做一定的理解)教材144页9 以学生为中心的教学原则?答: 该原则主张挖掘和利用学生自身已经掌握的知识和学习经验使教学内容更加切合实际,也更容易为学生所深切的感知.重视学生的实际需要,一切教学活动从实际出发,使学生的需要成为一切活动的源泉.以学生为中心,学生要担负起输入信息的主要任务,从而保证所学任务的关联性.教师的角色有所改变:从传授者转变为身兼三重角色的人:积极的参与者,帮助者和支援,语言实践的把关者。

优点:学生的潜力可以得到充分的发挥,有利于促进教师和学生不断促进需求分析,有利于题材的扩大,有利于学生交流学习经验,有利于语言实践,有利于团结意识的培养。

填空题1 语流教学包括:省音和失爆、重音、节奏、语调教学(详见教材56页)2英语课文教学原则:灵活性和巩固性相结合;整体教学和模式教学相结合;划分类别,突出重点;直接理解和复用为主,翻译为辅。

(详见教材113页)3 教学目标,教育任务目标或共同教育目标,真实世界的任务目标或目标性任务。

4 教学设计的七个基本内容:制定教学目标;分析和处理教材;了解学生;制定教学策略;编制教学方案;编制练习与作业;对教学和学生学习状况测量与评估。

5 中学生听英语的困难:语言上的困难,内容上的困难,心理上的困难。

(详见教材131页)6 关于双规化简:运用读音规则和构词法规则,把大量的表面看起来相当复杂的词的读音和拼写化繁为简,化难为易。

(详见教材93页)7 练习的基本方面包括:巩固语言知识的练习;训练语言基本技巧的练习;形成言语技能的练习;发展学习能力练习;培养学习兴趣的练习。

(详见教材233页)8 对教师授课深度质量的评教包括哪些方面:教学内容方面;教学深度处理合理性;课程进度;知识转化为能力的程度。

9 英语句型教学的意义:减轻学生的心理压力;有利于精讲多练;通向熟练掌握的一种捷径。

(详见教材101页)10 1880年国际语音学会英语教学六大原则:从日常生活口语开始;熟悉语音、常用的句子和习语;用归纳法教学;用外语思维;写作训练先模仿后创造;笔头翻译要放在提高阶段进行。

教案写作范例:(考试时要用英语写)教案应包括的内容:1授课的班级和时间2 课题或教学内容3 教学目的以及要求4 课程类型5 教学方法6 教具7 教学重点难点8 教学过程以及时间安排9 板书设计10 教学后记注意:其中2、3、5、6、7、8项要求必须要有。

I.Teaching books:II.Teaching tools:III.Teaching methods:IV.Teaching aims and demands:V.Teaching procedures:VI.Summary:《中学英语教材教法》教学大纲一. 课程的性质和目的(一)课程性质中学英语教材教法课程是高等师范院校英语教育专业本科教学计划中的一门重要的专业必修课程。

它是一门理论和实践相结合的教育学科,具有跨学科的性质,是帮助师范生树立正确的语言教学观, 训练师范生英语课堂教学技能的课程。

其研究对象是中学英语教材及教学中的现象、规律、原理和方法。

通过多媒体辅助教学的手段,教师向学生介绍中学英语教学的理论基础(其语言学基础及教育学理论),并展示英语知识教学规律及技巧(如语音、词汇和语法教学)、学生听说读写能力的培养方法和为交际运用英语能力的培养方式,最后通过微格教学模式,教师帮助学生进行英语教师职业技能训练。

(二)课程目的通过本课程的学习,使学生能够了解英语教学的一般规律与原理;使学生能够了解新课程改革背景下中学英语教学的新理念;使学生能够树立正确的外语教学观;理解和掌握各项英语教学技能;初步具有教学反思能力,促进自身专业发展。

该课程的学习将为师范生毕业后从事英语教育事业奠定良好的理论和实践基础,使之成为能够适应社会发展需要的合格的中学英语教师。

二.教学内容,重(难)点,教学要求及学时分配第1章引言(理论讲授 2学时)了解英语教学法课程的学科性质,重要性及特点;了解英语教学法课程与其他学科的交叉关系;熟悉国内外外语教学法流派及其理论基础。

讲授内容:1.学习英语教学法课程的目的2.英语教学法学科的特点3.外语教学法流派及其理论基础重点:英语教学法学科的特点;外语教学法流派及其理论基础难点:外语教学法流派及其理论基础第2章国家英语课程标准(理论讲授2学时)学习国家英语课程标准,了解中国外语教学的历史;了解英语新课程标准的设计原则、内容、所提倡的外语教学理念以及英语教师所面临的挑战。

讲授内容:1.中国外语教学历史概述2.国家英语课程标准的设计原则3.中学英语课程目标4.新课程标准提倡的英语教学理念5.中学英语教师所面临的挑战重点:新课程标准提倡的英语教学理念、目标难点:新课程标准提倡的英语教学理念、目标;英语教师所面临的挑战第3章中学英语教学原则与策略(理论讲授2学时)了解中学英语教学中应遵循的基本原则(包括正确处理思想教育与英语教学的关系,正确处理语言基础知识与言语能力的关系,正确处理母语和英语的关系,正确处理英语听说读写的关系等);掌握中学英语教学策略,主要包括课堂管理策略,激励策略,提问策略等。

讲授内容:1.中学英语教学原则2.中学英语教学策略(课堂管理策略,激励策略,提问策略)重点:中学英语教学原则及教学策略难点:中学英语教学策略第4章教材分析及备课(理论讲授2学时,实践教学1学时)了解中学英语教材的结构、特点;能够区分和把握教学重、难点;明确备课的重要性;了解备课的基本原则;掌握宏观备课和微观备课的技巧;掌握教案写作的基本要素、基本格式与方法。

讲授内容:1.中学英语教材分析2.备课的重要性3.备课的基本原则4.教案写作重点:中学英语教材分析;教案写作难点:教案写作第5章语音教学(理论讲授2学时,实践教学1学时)明确英语语音教学在英语教学中的重要性;了解英语语音教学的目标;掌握英语发音体系;了解英语语音教学的基本原则;掌握英语语音的教学技巧。

讲授内容:1.语音教学在英语教学中的地位2.中学英语语音教学目标3.英语发音体系4.英语语音教学的基本原则5.英语语音的教学技巧重点:英语语音的教学技巧难点:英语语音的教学技巧第6章语法教学(理论讲授2学时,实践教学1学时)明确语法教学在英语教学中的地位;了解中学英语语法教学目标;了解语法教学的基本原则;掌握语法教学的基本方法;设计语法教学活动;分析语法教学案例。

相关文档
最新文档