RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺PPT
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教材实用PPT(43页)
树脂传递模塑料成型工艺
南京东源汽车科技有限公司 刘雄
序言
我国手糊玻璃钢成型工艺因质量、强度、 成本、环保、清洁等综合方面的要求，已经开 始由敞开式手糊工艺过渡到闭模成型工艺。近 几年，该工艺在汽车配件、风电制品、船舶游 艇等相关领域部分企业得以应用，部分或者全 部代替了传统手糊工艺。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
模具的工装夹具设计
6.如果一个人有自己的心灵追求，又 在世界 上闯荡 了一番 ，有了 相当的 人生阅 历，那 么，他 就会逐 渐认识 到自己 在这个 世界上 的位置 。世界 无限广 阔，诱 惑永无 止境， 然而， 属于每 一个人 的现实 可能性 终究是 有限的 。
7.一个人不论伟大还是平凡，只要他 顺应自 己的天 性，找 到了自 己真正 喜欢做 的有意 义的事 ，并且 一心把 它做得 尽善尽 美，他 在这个 世界上 就有了 牢不可 破的家 园。
10.词 的 结 尾 ， 放言 “了却 君王天 下事， 赢得生 前身后 名”， 更是快 人快语 。最后 一句“ 可怜白 发生” ，感叹 “老之 将至” ，也暗 指壮志 难酬， 这给“ 壮词” 更增加 了慷慨 悲凉的 色彩。
8.于是，他不但会有足够的勇气去承 受外界 的压力 ，而且 会以足 够的清 醒来面 对形形 色色的 机会的 诱惑。 我们当 然没有 理由怀 疑，这 样的一 个人必 能获得 生活的 充实和 心灵的 宁静。
9.这 首 词 处 处 扣着 “壮词”来 写， 开篇即 言“醉里 挑灯看 剑”， 可谓壮 怀激烈 。接着 主要写 战场上 的情景 ：号角 连营， 分炙、 奏乐、 点兵， 马快、 弦鸣。 这些情 景再现 ，既是 词人曾 经驰骋 沙场的 回忆， 也是他 渴望回 到战场 的心声 ，可谓 豪情万 丈。
树脂传递模塑_RTM_工艺的发展及应用
树脂传递模塑 (R TM 工艺的发展及应用北京振兴科技文献服务中心曹运红文摘树脂传递模塑 (R TM 工艺是介于手铺法、喷射法和机械成形法之间的一种对模成形法。
文中叙述了 R TM 的发展过程和基本原理以及工艺装备、 , 并介绍了 R TM 的应用范围。
主题词 1引言 , 在美国已被广泛地用于汽车制造业的原始模型制造 , 并正在考虑生产复合材料结构零件。
船舶工业和小型导弹生产也采用了 R TM 工艺。
该工艺与传统的湿法铺层工艺相比 , 具有生产周期短、费用低及结构整体性好的优点。
飞机工业采用 R TM 工艺 , 可以生产出低费用和轻质量的飞机零件。
如小而复杂的控制面通常是用铝合金铸造而成。
这很可能用单一的 R TM 工艺所取代。
转枢、加强件等可以与连续纤维蒙皮一起模塑 , 大零部件 (如全翼也可以采用 R TM 工艺。
R TM 工艺的起源 , 可以追溯到四十年代末期 , 最初是为适用飞机雷达天线罩成形而发展起来的。
经过 30年的发展 , 英国航空航天公司在采用 R TM 工艺生产高整体性和高价结构如雷达天线罩方面拥有相当的经验。
手铺成型和喷射成型具有投资少等优点 , 但对环境污染 (苯乙烯较严重。
近年来 ,欧美等国家限制大气中苯乙烯含量 , 人们的兴趣也转移到 R TM 工艺上来。
因 R TM 工艺的掘起已使欧美发达国家产生了很大的变。
2基本原理及工艺装备 2. 1基本原理图 1 R TM 工艺原理图R TM 工艺的基本原理是 :在一个闭式的模具内预置纤维增强预型件 , 再用低压 (小于 0. 69M Pa 将树脂系统注入模具内 , 使之浸透纤维增强预型件 , 然后固化成两面光洁的零件 , 如图 1、 2所示。
图 2 R TM 工艺简图2. 2 R TM 工艺装备美国壳牌发展公司用作 R TM 工艺的装备包括注射系统、电热式加热器加热的 P -20钢模具、液压机、温度控制系统、真空泵、压力容器。
轻型树脂传递模塑工艺(L
轻型树脂传递模塑工艺(L1.L-RTM工艺介绍传统的RTM工艺，由于是闭模工艺，具有减少挥发性有机物(VOC)排放(可达SPPm以下)、扩大可用原材料范围、降低用工、环境友善以及可得到两面光洁的产品等优点。
但是在RTM工艺中，树脂的注入是在较高的压力和流速下进行的，因此我们要使模具的结构强度和刚度大到足够在注射压力下不破坏、不变形。
通常采用带钢管支撑的夹芯复合材料，或用数控机床加工的铝模或钢模，这使制造费用增大，只有对产量足够大的产品，才能抵消模具费用。
此外为了闭合模具，要使周边有足够的箝紧能力或使用闭合模具的压力系统。
上述因素都限制了RTM工艺在大产品上的应用，否则模具会变得很重．而且投资也会很大。
轻型树脂传递模塑工艺(RTM一Light)又称为LRTM，ECO，Vacuum Molding或VARTM。
是近年来发展迅速的低成本制造工艺，目前在船舰、汽车、工业和医用复合材料领域中应用已有超过RTM工艺的趋势。
RTM一Light工艺保留了RTM工艺的对模工艺，从而几乎保留了RTM工艺的所有的优点。
但其上模为半刚性的玻璃钢模，厚度一般为6一8mm，通常不需要用钢管加固，模具有一个宽约100mm的刚性周边，由双道密封带构成一个独立的密封区，只要一抽真空模具即闭合，非常方便、快捷。
然后对模腔内抽真空，利用模内的负压和较低的注射压力将树脂注入模具，使树脂渗入预先铺设的增强纤维或预制件中。
RTM—Light的模具费用低，而且由于模内的受压降低，其模具已和开模相近，很容易从开模工艺的模具改造过来。
RTM一Light的主要设备包括树脂注入装置、模具、抽真空装置和其它辅助工具等。
2 轻型RTM和常规RTM比较(1)模具模具是这两种工艺的最大差别，在RTM投资中，由于注射压力大，相当部分的成本花在模具和夹紧装置上。
这样对于产量少的产品在价格上是不适合的。
RTM工艺模具使用寿命可达5000件以上，生产效率高，适合年产2000件以上的产品。
rtm工艺技术
rtm工艺技术RTM工艺技术（Resin Transfer Molding）是一种常用的复合材料成型工艺，特点是能够在较低压力下快速并均匀地将树脂注入预先放置好的纤维增强材料中，形成复合材料制品。
RTM工艺的主要步骤包括模具准备、纤维预制件放置、树脂注入、充模、加压、固化和后续处理等。
首先，在RTM工艺中，模具的设计和准备非常关键。
模具应具备良好的密封性能，以确保树脂能够被注入到纤维增强材料之中，同时还要考虑产品的成型形状和尺寸等要求。
通常采用金属或者复合材料制作的模具，以确保模具梯度热容、寿命和承压能力等要求。
在纤维预制件放置阶段，要将预制好的纤维增强材料放置到模具中，并注意纤维的排布和叠放方式。
通常采用布料或者纱线叠放方式，以便在注塑过程中获得更好的力学性能和成型效果。
注塑阶段是整个RTM工艺中最重要的部分。
在注塑过程中，树脂根据模具的形状和尺寸慢慢注入到纤维增强材料中。
通常采用真空或者低压力的方式，以确保树脂能够均匀地填充到整个模具中。
与传统注塑成型相比，RTM工艺能够更好地控制树脂的流动速度和填充程度，从而获得更好的成型效果。
充模和加压阶段是为了确保树脂能够充分渗透到纤维增强材料之中，并消除空气泡。
通过加压，可以提高树脂的渗透速度和纤维增强材料的固化性能，从而获得更高的强度和耐久性。
固化阶段是将树脂完全固化，使纤维增强材料和树脂成为一个整体。
通常采用热固化或者光固化的方式，通过加热或者紫外线照射等方法，使树脂固化并与纤维增强材料牢固地结合在一起。
固化后的制品具有较高的强度、刚度和耐腐蚀性能，适用于各种工程应用。
最后，进行后续处理，如切割、修整、表面处理和涂装等，以获得符合要求的最终产品。
总之，RTM工艺技术是一种先进的复合材料成型工艺，具有成型效果好、成本低、产量高的优点。
通过合理选择纤维增强材料和树脂、优化模具设计、精确控制注塑和固化参数等，可以生产出符合要求的复合材料制品。
随着科学技术的不断发展，RTM工艺技术也将在航空航天、汽车工业、建筑业和体育用品等领域得到广泛应用。
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教材(PPT43页)
RTM
树脂传递模塑料成型工艺
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
南京东源汽车科技有限公司 刘雄
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
序言
我国手糊玻璃钢成型工艺因质量、强度、 成本、环保、清洁等综合方面的要求，已经开 始由敞开式手糊工艺过渡到闭模成型工艺。近 几年，该工艺在汽车配件、风电制品、船舶游 艇等相关领域部分企业得以应用，部分或者全 部代替了传统手糊工艺。
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
油缸或气缸举升下模与上模合模
半圆支架可以使 上模360度旋转
油缸举升上模， 并限位
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
2. 疏 进料口 通 进 料 口 和 排 气 口
是 重 点
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RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页) RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页) RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页) RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
上 模
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页) RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
上 模
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页) RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教 材(PPT 43页)
RTM工艺
树脂传递模塑成型工艺RTM工艺的主要原理是在模腔中铺放按性能和结构要求设计的增强材料预成形体，采用注射设备将专用树脂体系注入闭合模腔，模具具有周边密封和紧固以及注射及排气系统，以保证树脂流动流畅并排出模腔中的全部气体和彻底浸润纤维，还具有加热系统，可加热固化成形复合材料构件。
它是一种不采用预浸料，也不采用热压罐的成形方法。
因此，具有效率高、投资、绿色等优点，是未来新一代飞机机体有发展潜力的制造技术。
该方法的优点是环保、形成的层合板性能好且双面质量好，在航空中应用不仅能够减少本身劳动量，而且由于能够成形大型整体件，使装配工作量减少。
但是树脂通过压力注射进入模腔形成的零件存在着孔隙含量较大、纤维含量较低、树脂在纤维中分布不匀、树脂对纤维浸渍不充分等缺陷，因此该技术还有改进潜力。
该工艺还能帮助生产尺寸精确，表面工艺精湛的复杂零件。
树脂传递模塑工艺还有一个特点是，能够允许闭模前在预成型体中放入芯模填充材料，避免预成型体在合模过程中被挤压。
芯模在整个预成型体中所占的比重较低，大约在0-2%之间。
下表是一些常见RTM成型产品的缺陷问题和解决办法。
粗纱、硬度大再选牌号邹折玻璃纤维流动错位用对预成型坯粘结剂有效的粘结剂，减慢注入速度玻璃纤维类型质量不好选择质量好的玻纤挠曲变形脱模时固化不完全促进树脂固化，用补强材料提高刚度使用矫正夹具树脂固化收缩使用低收缩剂，使用填料RTM工艺成功事例：图：ASC – II桨叶通过美国联邦航空局的认证，成功运用于派珀飞机上（Piper Matrixaircraft），ASC – II桨叶同样适用于Cirrus的SR - 22和其他通用航空飞机。
来源：派珀飞机公司Hartzell公司使用自有设计软件--PROP Code和ANSYS公司开发的有限元分析（FEA）软件对桨叶上应力的分配进行分析和设计，然后用另一个内部开发程序来生成ASC - II复合层压结构。
汉克将这种泡沫夹芯三明治结构设计描述为单体横造结构。
树脂传递模塑工艺
树脂传递模塑工艺树脂传递模塑工艺是一种高效率的成型工艺，广泛应用于各种行业，包括航空航天、汽车、电子、医疗等。
该工艺主要是通过将树脂材料注入模具中，然后通过加热、加压等方式进行固化，最终得到所需形状和尺寸的制品。
一、树脂传递模塑工艺流程1. 准备模具：根据制品的形状和尺寸要求，准备相应的模具。
2. 准备树脂材料：选择适合制品要求的树脂材料，并进行相应的处理，以保证其流动性和固化性能。
3. 注入树脂：将处理好的树脂材料注入模具中。
4. 固化：通过加热、加压等方式，使树脂材料在模具中固化。
5. 脱模：待树脂材料完全固化后，将制品从模具中脱出。
6. 后处理：对制品进行修整、打磨、喷漆等后处理，以满足制品的质量和外观要求。
二、树脂传递模塑工艺特点1. 效率高：树脂传递模塑工艺可以实现自动化生产，生产效率高。
2. 成本低：由于该工艺使用的模具可以根据制品的形状和尺寸进行定制，因此可以大大降低生产成本。
3. 适用范围广：树脂传递模塑工艺可以用于各种形状和尺寸的制品生产，适用范围广。
4. 环保：该工艺使用的树脂材料可以循环使用，对环境友好。
三、树脂传递模塑工艺的应用1. 航空航天领域：在航空航天领域，树脂传递模塑工艺被广泛应用于制造各种形状和尺寸的轻量化制品，如飞机零部件、卫星零部件等。
2. 汽车领域：在汽车领域，树脂传递模塑工艺被广泛应用于制造各种零部件，如汽车车门、汽车发动机罩等。
3. 电子领域：在电子领域，树脂传递模塑工艺被广泛应用于制造各种电子元器件，如电路板、电池等。
4. 医疗领域：在医疗领域，树脂传递模塑工艺被广泛应用于制造各种医疗器材，如医疗器械外壳、医疗容器等。
树脂传递模塑工艺是一种高效、环保、低成本的成型工艺，具有广泛的应用前景。
随着科技的不断发展，该工艺将会不断创新和完善，为各行各业的发展提供更加优质的技术支持。
rtm 工艺技术
rtm 工艺技术RTM（Resin Transfer Molding）工艺技术是一种常用于复杂形状零件生产的先进成型技术。
RTM工艺技术以不饱和聚酯树脂基体材料为基础，通过真空吸附和压力注射的方式将树脂注入预先制作的干预体内，实现所需产品的成型。
RTM工艺技术具有以下优点。
首先，该技术适用于生产复杂形状的零件，能够精确控制产品的尺寸和形状，使得产品具有更高的几何精度。
其次，RTM工艺技术能够生产高强度、高刚度且重量轻的复合材料产品，对于要求高强度和轻量化的领域具有巨大的潜力。
再次，RTM工艺技术的生产周期相对较短，生产效率高，有利于大规模生产。
此外，RTM工艺技术还具有较好的成本控制能力，能够有效降低产品的制造成本。
RTM工艺技术的基本步骤如下。
首先，根据产品的形状和尺寸要求，制作模具。
模具通常由两个模块组成，上模和下模。
上模和下模之间会安装有一个注塑道具，用于树脂的注入。
其次，制作干外体。
干外体由预浸料或干燥纱线制成，其主要作用是提供成型表面的形状和尺寸。
接下来，将干外体放置在模具中，将上模和下模封闭，并进行真空吸附。
当真空吸附到一定程度后，开始注射树脂。
注射树脂需要一定的压力，可以通过液态树脂的流动和灌注来实现。
当树脂充满整个模具空腔后，使其固化。
最后，将成型件从模具中取出，进行后续的修整加工。
RTM工艺技术的应用非常广泛。
例如，它可以用于航空航天、汽车、船舶、风力发电等领域的复合材料制品生产。
在航空航天领域，复合材料产品具有高强度、高刚度、耐高温等特点，能够满足飞机零件对于性能要求的同时，减轻飞机自身的重量，提高燃油经济性和航空器的使用寿命。
在汽车领域，RTM工艺技术可以用于制作车身、底盘等零部件，使得汽车更轻、更稳定、更节能。
在船舶领域，RTM工艺技术可以制作船体、罩壳等结构件，提高船舶的承载能力和耐候性。
在风力发电领域，RTM工艺技术可以制作复合材料叶片，提高风力发电机组的效率。
总之，RTM工艺技术是一种先进的复合材料成型技术，通过树脂的注入和固化，可以生产出具有复杂形状、高强度、高刚度的复合材料产品。
树脂传递模塑-复合材料成型新工艺
树脂传递模塑-复合材料成型新工艺
1 随着科技的不断发展，复合材料在工程领域中得到了广泛应用。
树脂传递模塑成型技术是一种新型的复合材料成型工艺，其特点是质轻耐用，性能稳定，经济实惠。
2 树脂传递模塑，即RTM工艺，是在关闭模具中对树脂流动特性进行注射后，再加压、加热复合，将环氧树脂和纤维织物流动，使复合材料的每一层均匀的夹紧料块，以达到复合材料的成型功能。
3 树脂传递模塑成型技术的应用受到了越来越多的重视，因其配料固定、注射灵活，能够满足不同的材料长宽比和形状要求，还能减少加工用料和过程构件多，使复合材料成型更轻、更薄，实现重量轻、节约能源。
4 同时，树脂传递模塑成型工艺具有热固性及气密性好，具有良好的机械性能，并具有很高的可控性，易于复杂的结构件的制造，可满足复杂的结构要求，适用于许多运动拉应力较高的零件或性能要求苛刻的复合材料零件制造。
5 树脂传递模塑成型工艺在航空航天、汽车、机械等行业具有广泛的应用，由于其巨大的制造潜力，也得到了越来越多企业及研究机构的关注。
它既可以满足复杂先进零部件的生产要求，也可以提高整体生产效率，为企业制造提供了新的空间。
总之，树脂传递模塑成型技术受到越来越多的重视，它的应用可以更有效地利用资源、提高性能，优化制造工艺，并为生产环节带来更多的精心安排，更好的应对环境压力，是可持续发展的重要动力来源。
轻型树脂传递模塑工艺(l-rtm)(Lightweight resin transfer molding process (l-rtm))
轻型树脂传递模塑工艺(l-rtm)（Lightweight resin transfermolding process (l-rtm)）Lightweight resin transfer molding (L-RTM) - a rapidly developing low cost manufacturing technologyIntroduction of 1.L-RTM processThe traditional RTM technique, because it is a closed mold, with reduced volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions (up to SPPm), the advantages of expanding available range of raw materials, reduce labor, environment friendly and can get two clean products etc.. But in RTM process, the injection of resin is carried out under higher pressure and velocity, so we must make the structure strength and stiffness of the mold sufficiently large enough to break and deform under the injection pressure. Usually, the sandwich composite material with steel tube support or aluminum die or steel mould processed by numerical control machine tool can make the manufacture cost increase, and the mould cost can be offset only when the product is big enough. In addition, in order to close the mold, it is necessary to make the peripheral sufficient clamping capacity or to use a closed die pressure system. All these factors limit the application of RTM technology to large products, otherwise the mold will become very heavy and the investment will be great.Lightweight resin transfer molding process (RTM, Light), also known as LRTM, ECO, VacuumMolding or VARTM. It is a low-cost manufacturing process developed in recent years. It has been used in the field of ship,automobile, industry and medical composite material more than RTM technology.The RTM Light process retains the die processing process of the RTM process, thus retaining almost all of the advantages of the RTM process. But the upper die for glass steel mould half rigid, thickness 6 8mm, usually do not need to use the steel reinforcement, the mold has a width of about 100mm by the rigid surrounding, double sealing belt constitutes an independent seal area, as long as a vacuum mold is closed and is very convenient and fast. Then the cavity is evacuated, and the resin is injected into the mold with the negative pressure in the mold and the lower injection pressure. The resin is infiltrated into the pre laid reinforcing fiber or preform. RTM - Light mold cost is low, and because the mold pressure reduction, its mold has close to the mold, it is easy to open mold from the process of transformation.The main equipment of RTM Light includes resin injection device, mold, vacuum pump and other auxiliary tools.2 light RTM compared with regular RTM(1) die;The mold is the biggest difference between the two processes. In the RTM investment, a considerable part of the cost is spent on the die and the clamping device because of the high injection pressure. This is not a good price for a product with little output. RTM process, mold life of up to 5000 or more, high production efficiency, suitable for an annual output of morethan 2000 products.The biggest advantage of RTM Light is the low cost of its mold production. The cost is only about half of the regular RTM mold, but the service life of the die is lower than that of the RTM mold. It is suitable for the products with an annual output of about 1000 pieces.The RTM Light process produces products that are larger in size than the traditional RTM, which is usually as small as a basketball cap, a length of 8m long hull (about 25m2), but this is not the ultimate limit of size. The product size is smaller than the basketball cap, the difficulty is to add fiber, and the product is greater than 8m, how to deal with the mold on the difficult.The disadvantage of glass fiber reinforced plastic mould is short service life of mould surface. In order to get good die life and product repeatability and dimensional accuracy, RTM -Both the Light and RTM processes must be of high quality and have an accurate cross section. In the composite molding process, the cost of surface requirements of the final product can reach 60% of the final product price. The composite mold can achieve the use of 500 times the surface quality of the car, and then the surface treatment of the mold. One way to increase life expectancy is to use a replaceable die surface(ex-changeablemoldSkins), such as the patent of JHm Technologies company, ZIPRTM technology,It can be used in RTM and RTM Light processes. Through the use of replaceable die surface to replace the vulnerable mold surface, thereby prolonging the life of the die and improving the quality of the die, the service life of the die can reach 8000, 10000 times. When the simultaneous use of several replaceable mold surface, due to the outside in the mold can be replaced directly on the mold surface coating and heating, thereby greatly improving the production efficiency.(2) injection pressure, flow rate and equipment;The injection pressure of RTM process is usually 0.1 0.4MPa, while the injection pressure of RTM Light process is not more than.1MPa, usually at 0.03-0.07MPa.The rate of resin injection varies with various factors such as resin viscosity, component size, fiber type and ply structure. The usual injection rate is 1.3 to 2 litres per minute.In order to prevent mold deformation or burst mode (especially in the position of the injection port), which requires a strict control of pressure. Injection equipment for the RTM Light process is usually equipped with a pressure feedback device that controls the pressure as a closed loop. RTM is also available in the standard equipment of a simple line pressure control design (mold protection system and a VMPC) and VMPC with POD electronic closed-loop system, can not lead to molddeformation and failure under the condition of using the original production equipment to get the best productivity.Equipment research is also developing toward low cost and multi use. The SSB injection equipment of Plastech adopts patented piston reforming precision metering pump. The minimum ratio of catalyst is up to 0.5%, which matches the industrial MPG (MouldPressureguard) the pump speed can be controlled by the machine itself. In 12 seconds and 15 seconds, the 1m2 reinforced material can be impregnated, and the wetting speed can be accurately controlled. Configure other options, also for hand gluing and brushing.(3) production efficiency and costRTM one Light process is a low-cost production technology. Compared with the traditional RTM technology, the die cost is low, and the complicated pressing device or pressure system is not needed, the investment is small, the operation is simple, and the manpower capital is saved, etc.. Compared with the opening process, it has the high precision of the product size, low porosity, production of styrene volatilization, environmental friendly, less waste materials (resin utilization rate of up to 95%), low rejection rate, high production efficiency.The injection pressure is low, the resin flow rate can not be accelerated to the optimum flow, before the RTM Light process the production speed of less than half of the RTM process, with each class 8 hours, for the use of the gel coat and non heatingmould process, RTM process in each class can produce 10 A 12 die, RTM-The Light process produces only 4 and 6 dies. For a 34 square foot product that needs to be heated and cured, the RTM process produces 40 molds per shift with the use of a hydraulic press, a heating die, and 5 replaceable dies. RTM in the same situation- Light process, can produce 20 die. But no water press is needed, and the mold price is also half lower.In recent years, through the improvement of mold design and process control, both production speed is approaching. Such as Xiraplas company in the use of RTM Light process alternative mold opening process, the workshop has become orderly, the use of the original 50 workers, and 3000m2 workshop area, making production increased by 25%. According to the company, production efficiency has been increased by 90% compared to the original mold opening process.(4) runner designThe flow design of the general RTM process is injected from the center and discharged from the periphery. But the RTM-Light process usually flows in from the perimeter and out of the center. We know that when the resin enters the mold cavity from the resin pipe and meets the fabric, the fabric will produce a counter pressure (resistance) to the resin. The magnitude of the reverse pressure is related to the permeability of thefabric, the viscosity of the resin, and the flow velocity of the resin, when the fabric and resin are selected,It is proportional to the flow velocity of the resin. Take an area of 3M2, thickness of 3mm products as an example, the general injection pressure is 0.05MPa, the injection time is 6min, the injection flow is 1.33L/min. If the injection from the center and maintain the flow unchanged, the anti pressure can be increased to more than 0.1MPa, resulting in the mold opening or mold phenomenon, and lead to resin flow forward out of control and the formation of dry spots and other issues. For this reason, the flow rate must be reduced, but this prolongs the injection time, so the injection from the center usually takes more than 6 minutes. When the surrounding resin injection, first into a gap about the surrounding flow 1mm almost no resistance, and then enter the fiber resin into the fiber increase due to pathway (from a point into a surrounding), relative resin in fabric flow slows down, back pressure decreases, the injection rate increase the injection time can be shortened. Tests show that for a 0.2m2 product, the time of injection from the periphery is 2.1 minutes, and the injection from the center to 9 minutes, the speed difference of four times. Of course, RTM process can also be injected from the surrounding resin, the pressure gradient is unchanged, but the highest point of the pressure from the original center point is moved to the periphery, which is beneficial to the deformation control of die, because the surrounding rigid die is better than that of the central area, but also on the periphery of the sealing requirements increased.The flow path design varies with the product, such as the 18mlong lamp post of Spectrayte company and the long runner. Brands's 6m2 floor, due to its asymmetrical structure, uses two outlets, each with a resin collector (Catchpot) at the center of each structure, with an injection time of 15 minutes. The Holland Royal Navy 13m2 hull manufacturing, due to larger products, using two diagonal arrangement of resin imports.(5) product accuracy, structure and otherThe size, viscosity, and repeatability of RTM and RTM Light products are affected by molding, resin, process control, and product curing. The product cross sectional accuracy is also affected by resin flow rate and injection pressure in the process. For the RTM process, when the mold is made according to the standard, without bending, the appropriate clamping device or press clamping, the parts of the dimensional accuracy repeatability is very good, the thickness deviation is not greater than 0.OlOmm. The RTM Light process usually has a certain deformation of the upper die, but the product size accuracy can also reach 0.020mm. Individual places are 4 0.030mm.Both RTM and RTM a Light process can suppress the sandwich material. The core can be made of balsa wood and foam. But the RTM process has a high injection pressure, limiting the use of low-density foam materials, the minimum density of foam is not less than 80Kg/m3, while RTM, Light and ZIPThe RTM process has a lower pressure, and the foam density he uses can be as small as 37Kg/m3. However, it is important to point out that the dimensional accuracy of core material meetsthe requirements of the mold in order to ensure the repeatability of the molding process and the quality of the product.The RTM and RTM Light processes also use preforms and inserts, which allow for high fiber volume products when using preforms.RTM-Light process can not gel, as long as the general release of wax, can release products. But do not release products such as RTM gel, more difficult.Compared with the die opening process, the investment of RTM Light is still relatively high, so it is necessary to consider the rationality of the cost of producing the necessary molds. In addition, the process is very professional and the daily maintenance task is heavy. It also affects the use of RTM Light for some manufacturers of hand ply composites.Compared to RTM, RTM Light has a low energy consumption, not too high on the mold rigidity requirement, but the viscosity of resin, resin and enhance the compatibility of materials, and the resin forward speeds demanding.3 light RTM process should pay attention to the problemRTM Light process is a highly specialized process, operators must be properly trained. If there is no reasonable fiber coating, good gas tightness and accurate mold installation, there is no consistent resin flow control, the product will be messy dry spots, radial bubbles, and resin enrichment and other issues. The following is a brief explanation of the relevantissues.(1) tightnessThe RTM Ligh process requires a higher level of detail, especially the tightness of the mold. The lower the vacuum of the vacuum trough used for the peripheral clamping, the better. The degree of vacuum in the lumen is generally controlled at about 15mm Hg. The periphery is clamped with a vacuum sealing groove and a flexible neoprene wing sealing ring (WingSeal profile) its bottom width is 20mm, the sealing ring joint should be vertical cut, with flexible adhesive glue, in order to ensure its elasticity. Outer ring and then 6mm wide silicone rubber edge.In the molding process, in addition to pay attention to the sealing of mold vacuum sealant, but also note the assembly of the mold, sealing ring and pipe connection, as well as the mold leakage caused by leakage. In fact, any seal or the entrance of the resin entrance, including the outlet of the vacuum zone, shall be checked strictly. A more hidden leak is due to cracks in the surface of the die panel, which are usually not found. The solution to this problem is that it is a very effective way to coat the outer surface of a mold with a resin that has been modified by a catalyst before it reaches the vacuum.Also, keep the cover clean and try not to clean it with solvent. The best release agent is free semi permanent release agent.(2) precise matching between upper and lower dies.The precise matching between the upper and lower dies contributes to the pressure balance in the cavity of the mold, and enables the resin to permeate evenly and helps to improve the quality of the products. Since the upper die is a semi rigid die, each die must be carefully calibrated.If the white spot appears continuously at the same location, this may be because the mold is closed inaccurate, resulting in inaccurate internal cavity, which led directly to the uneven thickness of the inner cavity. In this case, if the glass fiber layer is uniform, resin injection process flow is selective, it will choose the thickness (GAP) where relatively large, so in the region will lead to a relatively thin cavity of leukoplakia.Poor die positioning is an important cause of poor matching of dies. When the edge pin of the die is installed, the X and Y axes of the mold are naturally defined. If the location of the pin is not correct, it will cause unpredictable errors and change the injection characteristics.(3) reasonable paving and selection of raw materials,Due to the low pressure molding process on a RTM Light layer paving fabric requirements more stringent, laying unreasonable, especially the processing of the lap joint, will seriously affect the consistency of the resin flow, resulting in the lack of glue or resin products (dry spots) phenomenon.But with the help of glue fixed fabric in the layer, the layeris more smooth. But the spray and the resin must be good intermiscibility, spray too much or have a certain impact on the final performance of the product.Different fabrics and felt have a great influence on the process. It is necessary to use the enhanced material as much as possible. The resin flow rate of the O.c. closed felt or Hi Flow composite felt is twice as fast as that of the ordinary chopped felt.The appropriate resin system should be chosen according to the product requirements. Use low viscosity, low shrinkage resin as much as possible. Its standards are comparable to those required for vacuum resin diffusion processes.(4) surface crackCracks on the surface of the product will often be observed in the corner area. This is a common problem in the resin enrichment zone.This can also be traced back to the manufacture of the mold. If the 2.5 dies do not fit well with each other, a margin exceeding the expected thickness is produced. To solve this problem, in addition to the correction of the semi mold, the thickness of the glass can also be increased by adding additional glass fibers in these thicker areas to prevent cracks in the product.In the large flat area, cracks in the mold due to excessive thickness are found. This is due to the arbitrary increase in the speed at which the resin is injected. Injection speed toofast, it will make the mould cavity expansion, if the injection process is completed in a very short period of time. So, the cavity is no time to recover, so will lead to excessive resin mold crack. In extreme cases, the cracks on the surface of the mold can not be repaired.(5) overflow of resinIn order to receive the resin that is discharged before molding, many manufacturers feel the need to use a larger resin collector. This is the result of their lack of accurate control of mold filling. If the resin filling process is too fast, it is difficult to determine when to stop the injection. Because if you see the resin go to the resin collector and then stop the injection, then you'll see that too much of the resin will flow to the resin collector because the excess expansion mold has returned to its original size. To overcome this possibility, you can only replace a larger resin collector to prevent the spillage of the resin.The easy way to solve this problem is to calculate how much resin to use. But it is difficult to know exactly how much resin to use when molding large articles. Another method is to provide the operator with accurate pneumatic control to avoid the operator's blind judgment. The air pressure readings in the chamber provide more accurate mold filling information for operations, avoiding the need for larger resin receivers. Such a system ensures that the allowance of 10 to 100 milliliters is sufficient after each injection, which allows the resin to minimize waste and ensure an increase in profits.If there is a resin overflow in the vacuum zone at the edge of the mold, there are several reasons:Sealing of sealant is not goodWhen the sealant path is not in a horizontal position, will result in leakage of resin, in the mold on the panel if there is a convex part, it is necessary to ensure sufficient pressure on the part of the sealant that is completely sealed. A better method is to install a dynamic strip, this dynamic strip, in the edge of complex adaptive path on the sealing surface when the mold is closed this strip can be slightly expanded to seal.Improper placement of fibers in mouldsPlaced in the mold when the fiber is not fully sunburner or pruning, that cannot be placed in the fiber in the mould, and some fibers in the sealant path, which will directly lead to the leakage of resin, to do so before molding each time to carefully check the fiber layer.The injection pressure is too largeAnother common cause is the cause of leakage of resin sealant in the injection process, injection pressure in the pipeline is too large RTM Light mold is closed only by the action of atmospheric pressure, resin injection molding machine can produce more than the actual needs of the pressure, if there is no more sensitive and accurate pressure control, resin will leak into the vacuum zone, which will lead to the loss and mould around vacuum production failure.Loss of vacuum sealWhether it is a long-term or temporary edge vacuum loss, will lead to leakage of resin. Therefore, do not access several molds in the same vacuum system, as this will result in a reduction in the vacuum in the main vacuum zone.In fact, a simple automatic vacuum lock valve helps reduce the possibility of this vacuum loss.4 light RTM applicationsThere are not many reports about RTM Light technology and products in China, but the application development in foreign countries is very fast, and there are more than RTM application trends. At present, the common application areas are aerospace, military, transportation, construction, ships and energy, etc.. For example: the field of aerospace doors, fan blades, radome, aircraft engine hood: military field, torpedo shell tank, tubes and other areas; traffic light rail bus door, side panels, chassis, bumper, truck at the top of the baffle; the building area of street lamp pole, tubular wind generator hood decoration, doors, tables and chairs and the helmet; the field of ship hull, deck and other small boats.。
树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺过程资料
山东大学博士学位论文答辩
1.3 相关研究进展
RTM工艺的充模过程数值模拟 基于单相流动模型的数值模拟 Darcy定律： u K P f (Bruschke和Advani, Young, Mohan, Lin, 李海晨, 秦伟等) 基于两相流动模型的数值模拟 (Kuan El-Gizawy)
山东大学博士学位论文答辩
1.2 RTM工艺简介
RTM工艺过程示意图
山东大学博士学位论文答辩
工艺过程：
纤维预制体的制备 纤维预制体的铺放 树脂的注入与固化 脱模及后处理
R T M 工 艺 过 程 示 意 图
山东大学博士学位论文答辩
优点
具有无需胶衣涂层即可为构件提供双面光滑 表面的能力； 制品表面质量高、光洁度好、尺寸精度高； 所需操作空间小，原材料利用率高，基本投 资与生产成本较低； 模具制造与材料选择的机动性强； 成型过程中散发的挥发性物质很少，有利于 人体健康和环境保护。
x (mm)
4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 -2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2R (mm)
r (mm)
纤维束间距的变化对模型中 同一位置流体压力的影响
R=2.0mm、1.6mm、 1.2mm时的流动前沿 形状
山东大学博士学位论文答辩
2.5 束间树脂流动过程的 数值分析
山东大学博士学位论文答辩
1.4 本文主要研究内容
山东大学博士学位论文答辩
山东大学博士学位论文答辩
目录
一、引言
二、引入表面张力的纤维束间树脂流动过 程的细观模拟（有限差分方法）
rtm成型工艺过程
RTM（Resin Transfer Molding）是一种复合材料制造工艺，用于生产轻质、高强度的复合材料零件。
下面是RTM成型工艺的基本步骤：1.模具准备：首先，制备用于RTM的模具。
模具可以是金属或复合材料制成，其内部的空腔形状与最终产品相匹配。
2.纤维预形：将预先裁剪好的纤维材料（通常是玻璃纤维、碳纤维等）按照设计要求摆放在模具的表面上，以形成产品的预定形状。
3.模具封闭：用于RTM的模具通常由两部分组成：上模和下模。
将两部分模具合拢，确保纤维材料被完全封闭在模具内部。
4.树脂注入：在封闭的模具中，通过一种或多种方式将树脂注入模具中。
通常使用真空、压力或组合两者的方法，以确保树脂能够渗透纤维材料并填充整个模具内部。
5.充填与浸透：注入树脂后，树脂会逐渐浸透纤维材料，填充空隙，同时将纤维湿透。
这个过程可以根据材料和设计要求需要一定的时间。
6.固化：一旦树脂浸透纤维并达到所需的浸透程度，树脂开始固化。
固化过程可能需要一定的时间，这取决于使用的树脂类型以及环境条件。
7.冷却与固化：在树脂固化过程完成后，模具可以逐渐冷却。
冷却过程可以在模具中继续，直到产品达到足够的强度。
8.脱模：一旦产品固化并达到足够的强度，模具可以打开，将成型零件从模具中取出。
9.修整与加工：取出的成型零件可能需要进行修整、切割、研磨等加工步骤，以达到最终的几何和外观要求。
RTM工艺具有生产高质量、复杂形状的复合材料零件的能力。
然而，这个过程需要精细的控制和设备，以确保树脂的均匀分布和充分浸透。
不同的纤维和树脂组合，以及工艺参数的变化，都可以影响最终产品的性能和质量。
RTM树脂传递模塑料成型工艺培训教材ppt课件
胶衣准备
铺层
合模
模具 准备
脱模
固化
树脂 注射
后处理
检验
制品
RTM成型工艺流程图
RTM-模具准备
1.检查模具有无缺损，并 用压缩空气把模具表面的 杂志清楚干净。注射口、 排气口设计是否合理。
2. 疏 进料口 通 进 料 口 和 排 气 口
是 重 点
排气口
上 模
上 模
下 模
下 模
RTM-胶衣准备
RTM
树脂传递模塑料成型工艺
南京东源汽车科技有限公司 刘雄
序言
我国手糊玻璃钢成型工艺因质量、强度、 成本、环保、清洁等综合方面的要求，已经开 始由敞开式手糊工艺过渡到闭模成型工艺。近 几年，该工艺在汽车配件、风电制品、船舶游 艇等相关领域部分企业得以应用，部分或者全 部代替了传统手糊工艺。与模具分离
RTM-检验
检查 产品 有无 缺陷、 模具 有无 损坏
产品展示
谢谢！
1.巧用名言，亮出论点。作者引用贴 切的名 言，巧 妙地提 出中心 论点， 言简意 赅，简 明易懂 ，便于 读者把 握主旨 。 2.古今对举，例证典型。为了让论点 得以有 力的凸 显，文 章采用 古今中 外的名 人名言 与事例 作为论 据，纵 横捭阖 ，让人 心服口 服，不 容置疑 。 3.句式多变，感情充沛。行文中，作 者多处 使用了 设问句 、反问 句和感 叹句， 分别起 到了不 同的表 达作用 ，字里 行间洋 溢着作 者的立 场、观 点与情 感，增 强了语 言的表 现力与 论证色 彩和力 度。
把胶衣均与涂刷到模具内表 面，不得有透光、流挂、堆 积现象
根据当日气温情况 加入适量固化剂， 搅拌均匀
RTM-铺层
修掉多余的边角料
树脂传递模塑成型工艺及设备演示文稿
工 艺
对于短切纤维预成型坯，
如果纤维含量为(体
积)15％，则合模压力
约为49-78kPa。
7.1.2 RTM
第七章 树脂传递模塑成型工艺及设备
❖ RTM的成型周期可根据欲得成型制品所要求的产 量而适当设定。
由于一套模具的成型周期内树脂固化时间所占比 成 例很高，所以要充分考虑注入树脂的固化时间和固 型 化特性。 工 艺
第七章 树脂传递模塑成型工艺及设备
7.1 RTM
成 型
7.1 树脂传递模塑（RTM）成型
工 艺
工艺及设备与模具
及
设 备
液体成型工艺（Liquid Molding）
与
模
具
第七章 树脂传递模塑成型工艺及设备
7.1 RTM
7.1 树脂传递模塑（RTM）成型工艺及设备与模具
成
一、概述
型
工
二、RTM成型工艺
资少； 空隙率低（0~0.2%）；
7.1.1 RTM
第七章 树脂传递模塑成型工艺及设备
纤维含量高； 便于使用计算机铺助设计(CAD)进行模具和产 品设计； 模塑的构件易于实现局部增强，可方便制造含 嵌件和局部加厚构件； 概 述 成型过程中散发的挥发性物质很少，有利于身 体健康和环境保护。
艺
及
三、流动性分析
设
备
四、RTM设备
与
模
具
7.1.1 RTM
第七章 树脂传递模塑成型工艺及设备
一、 RTM概述
树脂传递模塑（Resin Transfer Molding）
是从湿法铺层和注塑工艺中演变而来的一种新的复合材 料成型工艺。是介于手糊法、喷射法和模压成型之间的 一种对模成型法。
RTM工艺
RTM工艺
树脂传递模塑成型（RTM）是一种介于手糊工艺和SMC工艺之间的、适合中等批量生产的闭模成型技术。
RTM的基本原理是将玻璃纤维增强材料铺入到闭模的模腔内，用压力将液态树脂注入模腔，浸润玻璃纤维增强材料，然后经固化、脱模后形成产品。
RTM工艺的优点：
1.无需胶衣涂层即可为构件提供光滑表面，能制造出具有良好表面的高精度复杂制品
2.模具制造及选材灵活性大，设备及模具投资小，产品只需做小的修边
3.产品铺层过程中可加入嵌件及对局部进行加强
4.制品纤维含量高，孔隙率低（<0.2%）
5.可以生产高性能、尺寸较大、批量中等的产品
目前，RTM工艺已广泛应用于建筑、交通、电讯、航海航天航空等领域
RTM模具、制品（高铁VIP座椅模具、制品）：
高铁VIP座椅（扶手）上模高铁VIP座椅（扶手）下模
高铁VIP座椅高铁VIP座椅
地铁高压接线盒模具、制品：
地铁高压接线盒（盖板）模具地铁高压接线盒（底座）模具
地铁高压接线盒（防弧罩）模具
地铁高压接线盒制品
地铁高压接线盒制品
地铁高压接线盒制品。
轻型树脂传递模塑工艺(l-rtm)(Lightweight resin transfer molding process (l-rtm))
轻型树脂传递模塑工艺(l-rtm)（Lightweight resin transfermolding process (l-rtm)）Lightweight resin transfer molding (L-RTM) - a rapidly developing low cost manufacturing technologyIntroduction of 1.L-RTM processThe traditional RTM technique, because it is a closed mold, with reduced volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions (up to SPPm), the advantages of expanding available range of raw materials, reduce labor, environment friendly and can get two clean products etc.. But in RTM process, the injection of resin is carried out under higher pressure and velocity, so we must make the structure strength and stiffness of the mold sufficiently large enough to break and deform under the injection pressure. Usually, the sandwich composite material with steel tube support or aluminum die or steel mould processed by numerical control machine tool can make the manufacture cost increase, and the mould cost can be offset only when the product is big enough. In addition, in order to close the mold, it is necessary to make the peripheral sufficient clamping capacity or to use a closed die pressure system. All these factors limit the application of RTM technology to large products, otherwise the mold will become very heavy and the investment will be great.Lightweight resin transfer molding process (RTM, Light), also known as LRTM, ECO, VacuumMolding or VARTM. It is a low-cost manufacturing process developed in recent years. It has been used in the field of ship,automobile, industry and medical composite material more than RTM technology.The RTM Light process retains the die processing process of the RTM process, thus retaining almost all of the advantages of the RTM process. But the upper die for glass steel mould half rigid, thickness 6 8mm, usually do not need to use the steel reinforcement, the mold has a width of about 100mm by the rigid surrounding, double sealing belt constitutes an independent seal area, as long as a vacuum mold is closed and is very convenient and fast. Then the cavity is evacuated, and the resin is injected into the mold with the negative pressure in the mold and the lower injection pressure. The resin is infiltrated into the pre laid reinforcing fiber or preform. RTM - Light mold cost is low, and because the mold pressure reduction, its mold has close to the mold, it is easy to open mold from the process of transformation.The main equipment of RTM Light includes resin injection device, mold, vacuum pump and other auxiliary tools.2 light RTM compared with regular RTM(1) die;The mold is the biggest difference between the two processes. In the RTM investment, a considerable part of the cost is spent on the die and the clamping device because of the high injection pressure. This is not a good price for a product with little output. RTM process, mold life of up to 5000 or more, high production efficiency, suitable for an annual output of morethan 2000 products.The biggest advantage of RTM Light is the low cost of its mold production. The cost is only about half of the regular RTM mold, but the service life of the die is lower than that of the RTM mold. It is suitable for the products with an annual output of about 1000 pieces.The RTM Light process produces products that are larger in size than the traditional RTM, which is usually as small as a basketball cap, a length of 8m long hull (about 25m2), but this is not the ultimate limit of size. The product size is smaller than the basketball cap, the difficulty is to add fiber, and the product is greater than 8m, how to deal with the mold on the difficult.The disadvantage of glass fiber reinforced plastic mould is short service life of mould surface. In order to get good die life and product repeatability and dimensional accuracy, RTM -Both the Light and RTM processes must be of high quality and have an accurate cross section. In the composite molding process, the cost of surface requirements of the final product can reach 60% of the final product price. The composite mold can achieve the use of 500 times the surface quality of the car, and then the surface treatment of the mold. One way to increase life expectancy is to use a replaceable die surface(ex-changeablemoldSkins), such as the patent of JHm Technologies company, ZIPRTM technology,It can be used in RTM and RTM Light processes. Through the use of replaceable die surface to replace the vulnerable mold surface, thereby prolonging the life of the die and improving the quality of the die, the service life of the die can reach 8000, 10000 times. When the simultaneous use of several replaceable mold surface, due to the outside in the mold can be replaced directly on the mold surface coating and heating, thereby greatly improving the production efficiency.(2) injection pressure, flow rate and equipment;The injection pressure of RTM process is usually 0.1 0.4MPa, while the injection pressure of RTM Light process is not more than.1MPa, usually at 0.03-0.07MPa.The rate of resin injection varies with various factors such as resin viscosity, component size, fiber type and ply structure. The usual injection rate is 1.3 to 2 litres per minute.In order to prevent mold deformation or burst mode (especially in the position of the injection port), which requires a strict control of pressure. Injection equipment for the RTM Light process is usually equipped with a pressure feedback device that controls the pressure as a closed loop. RTM is also available in the standard equipment of a simple line pressure control design (mold protection system and a VMPC) and VMPC with POD electronic closed-loop system, can not lead to molddeformation and failure under the condition of using the original production equipment to get the best productivity.Equipment research is also developing toward low cost and multi use. The SSB injection equipment of Plastech adopts patented piston reforming precision metering pump. The minimum ratio of catalyst is up to 0.5%, which matches the industrial MPG (MouldPressureguard) the pump speed can be controlled by the machine itself. In 12 seconds and 15 seconds, the 1m2 reinforced material can be impregnated, and the wetting speed can be accurately controlled. Configure other options, also for hand gluing and brushing.(3) production efficiency and costRTM one Light process is a low-cost production technology. Compared with the traditional RTM technology, the die cost is low, and the complicated pressing device or pressure system is not needed, the investment is small, the operation is simple, and the manpower capital is saved, etc.. Compared with the opening process, it has the high precision of the product size, low porosity, production of styrene volatilization, environmental friendly, less waste materials (resin utilization rate of up to 95%), low rejection rate, high production efficiency.The injection pressure is low, the resin flow rate can not be accelerated to the optimum flow, before the RTM Light process the production speed of less than half of the RTM process, with each class 8 hours, for the use of the gel coat and non heatingmould process, RTM process in each class can produce 10 A 12 die, RTM-The Light process produces only 4 and 6 dies. For a 34 square foot product that needs to be heated and cured, the RTM process produces 40 molds per shift with the use of a hydraulic press, a heating die, and 5 replaceable dies. RTM in the same situation- Light process, can produce 20 die. But no water press is needed, and the mold price is also half lower.In recent years, through the improvement of mold design and process control, both production speed is approaching. Such as Xiraplas company in the use of RTM Light process alternative mold opening process, the workshop has become orderly, the use of the original 50 workers, and 3000m2 workshop area, making production increased by 25%. According to the company, production efficiency has been increased by 90% compared to the original mold opening process.(4) runner designThe flow design of the general RTM process is injected from the center and discharged from the periphery. But the RTM-Light process usually flows in from the perimeter and out of the center. We know that when the resin enters the mold cavity from the resin pipe and meets the fabric, the fabric will produce a counter pressure (resistance) to the resin. The magnitude of the reverse pressure is related to the permeability of thefabric, the viscosity of the resin, and the flow velocity of the resin, when the fabric and resin are selected,It is proportional to the flow velocity of the resin. Take an area of 3M2, thickness of 3mm products as an example, the general injection pressure is 0.05MPa, the injection time is 6min, the injection flow is 1.33L/min. If the injection from the center and maintain the flow unchanged, the anti pressure can be increased to more than 0.1MPa, resulting in the mold opening or mold phenomenon, and lead to resin flow forward out of control and the formation of dry spots and other issues. For this reason, the flow rate must be reduced, but this prolongs the injection time, so the injection from the center usually takes more than 6 minutes. When the surrounding resin injection, first into a gap about the surrounding flow 1mm almost no resistance, and then enter the fiber resin into the fiber increase due to pathway (from a point into a surrounding), relative resin in fabric flow slows down, back pressure decreases, the injection rate increase the injection time can be shortened. Tests show that for a 0.2m2 product, the time of injection from the periphery is 2.1 minutes, and the injection from the center to 9 minutes, the speed difference of four times. Of course, RTM process can also be injected from the surrounding resin, the pressure gradient is unchanged, but the highest point of the pressure from the original center point is moved to the periphery, which is beneficial to the deformation control of die, because the surrounding rigid die is better than that of the central area, but also on the periphery of the sealing requirements increased.The flow path design varies with the product, such as the 18mlong lamp post of Spectrayte company and the long runner. Brands's 6m2 floor, due to its asymmetrical structure, uses two outlets, each with a resin collector (Catchpot) at the center of each structure, with an injection time of 15 minutes. The Holland Royal Navy 13m2 hull manufacturing, due to larger products, using two diagonal arrangement of resin imports.(5) product accuracy, structure and otherThe size, viscosity, and repeatability of RTM and RTM Light products are affected by molding, resin, process control, and product curing. The product cross sectional accuracy is also affected by resin flow rate and injection pressure in the process. For the RTM process, when the mold is made according to the standard, without bending, the appropriate clamping device or press clamping, the parts of the dimensional accuracy repeatability is very good, the thickness deviation is not greater than 0.OlOmm. The RTM Light process usually has a certain deformation of the upper die, but the product size accuracy can also reach 0.020mm. Individual places are 4 0.030mm.Both RTM and RTM a Light process can suppress the sandwich material. The core can be made of balsa wood and foam. But the RTM process has a high injection pressure, limiting the use of low-density foam materials, the minimum density of foam is not less than 80Kg/m3, while RTM, Light and ZIPThe RTM process has a lower pressure, and the foam density he uses can be as small as 37Kg/m3. However, it is important to point out that the dimensional accuracy of core material meetsthe requirements of the mold in order to ensure the repeatability of the molding process and the quality of the product.The RTM and RTM Light processes also use preforms and inserts, which allow for high fiber volume products when using preforms.RTM-Light process can not gel, as long as the general release of wax, can release products. But do not release products such as RTM gel, more difficult.Compared with the die opening process, the investment of RTM Light is still relatively high, so it is necessary to consider the rationality of the cost of producing the necessary molds. In addition, the process is very professional and the daily maintenance task is heavy. It also affects the use of RTM Light for some manufacturers of hand ply composites.Compared to RTM, RTM Light has a low energy consumption, not too high on the mold rigidity requirement, but the viscosity of resin, resin and enhance the compatibility of materials, and the resin forward speeds demanding.3 light RTM process should pay attention to the problemRTM Light process is a highly specialized process, operators must be properly trained. If there is no reasonable fiber coating, good gas tightness and accurate mold installation, there is no consistent resin flow control, the product will be messy dry spots, radial bubbles, and resin enrichment and other issues. The following is a brief explanation of the relevantissues.(1) tightnessThe RTM Ligh process requires a higher level of detail, especially the tightness of the mold. The lower the vacuum of the vacuum trough used for the peripheral clamping, the better. The degree of vacuum in the lumen is generally controlled at about 15mm Hg. The periphery is clamped with a vacuum sealing groove and a flexible neoprene wing sealing ring (WingSeal profile) its bottom width is 20mm, the sealing ring joint should be vertical cut, with flexible adhesive glue, in order to ensure its elasticity. Outer ring and then 6mm wide silicone rubber edge.In the molding process, in addition to pay attention to the sealing of mold vacuum sealant, but also note the assembly of the mold, sealing ring and pipe connection, as well as the mold leakage caused by leakage. In fact, any seal or the entrance of the resin entrance, including the outlet of the vacuum zone, shall be checked strictly. A more hidden leak is due to cracks in the surface of the die panel, which are usually not found. The solution to this problem is that it is a very effective way to coat the outer surface of a mold with a resin that has been modified by a catalyst before it reaches the vacuum.Also, keep the cover clean and try not to clean it with solvent. The best release agent is free semi permanent release agent.(2) precise matching between upper and lower dies.The precise matching between the upper and lower dies contributes to the pressure balance in the cavity of the mold, and enables the resin to permeate evenly and helps to improve the quality of the products. Since the upper die is a semi rigid die, each die must be carefully calibrated.If the white spot appears continuously at the same location, this may be because the mold is closed inaccurate, resulting in inaccurate internal cavity, which led directly to the uneven thickness of the inner cavity. In this case, if the glass fiber layer is uniform, resin injection process flow is selective, it will choose the thickness (GAP) where relatively large, so in the region will lead to a relatively thin cavity of leukoplakia.Poor die positioning is an important cause of poor matching of dies. When the edge pin of the die is installed, the X and Y axes of the mold are naturally defined. If the location of the pin is not correct, it will cause unpredictable errors and change the injection characteristics.(3) reasonable paving and selection of raw materials,Due to the low pressure molding process on a RTM Light layer paving fabric requirements more stringent, laying unreasonable, especially the processing of the lap joint, will seriously affect the consistency of the resin flow, resulting in the lack of glue or resin products (dry spots) phenomenon.But with the help of glue fixed fabric in the layer, the layeris more smooth. But the spray and the resin must be good intermiscibility, spray too much or have a certain impact on the final performance of the product.Different fabrics and felt have a great influence on the process. It is necessary to use the enhanced material as much as possible. The resin flow rate of the O.c. closed felt or Hi Flow composite felt is twice as fast as that of the ordinary chopped felt.The appropriate resin system should be chosen according to the product requirements. Use low viscosity, low shrinkage resin as much as possible. Its standards are comparable to those required for vacuum resin diffusion processes.(4) surface crackCracks on the surface of the product will often be observed in the corner area. This is a common problem in the resin enrichment zone.This can also be traced back to the manufacture of the mold. If the 2.5 dies do not fit well with each other, a margin exceeding the expected thickness is produced. To solve this problem, in addition to the correction of the semi mold, the thickness of the glass can also be increased by adding additional glass fibers in these thicker areas to prevent cracks in the product.In the large flat area, cracks in the mold due to excessive thickness are found. This is due to the arbitrary increase in the speed at which the resin is injected. Injection speed toofast, it will make the mould cavity expansion, if the injection process is completed in a very short period of time. So, the cavity is no time to recover, so will lead to excessive resin mold crack. In extreme cases, the cracks on the surface of the mold can not be repaired.(5) overflow of resinIn order to receive the resin that is discharged before molding, many manufacturers feel the need to use a larger resin collector. This is the result of their lack of accurate control of mold filling. If the resin filling process is too fast, it is difficult to determine when to stop the injection. Because if you see the resin go to the resin collector and then stop the injection, then you'll see that too much of the resin will flow to the resin collector because the excess expansion mold has returned to its original size. To overcome this possibility, you can only replace a larger resin collector to prevent the spillage of the resin.The easy way to solve this problem is to calculate how much resin to use. But it is difficult to know exactly how much resin to use when molding large articles. Another method is to provide the operator with accurate pneumatic control to avoid the operator's blind judgment. The air pressure readings in the chamber provide more accurate mold filling information for operations, avoiding the need for larger resin receivers. Such a system ensures that the allowance of 10 to 100 milliliters is sufficient after each injection, which allows the resin to minimize waste and ensure an increase in profits.If there is a resin overflow in the vacuum zone at the edge of the mold, there are several reasons:Sealing of sealant is not goodWhen the sealant path is not in a horizontal position, will result in leakage of resin, in the mold on the panel if there is a convex part, it is necessary to ensure sufficient pressure on the part of the sealant that is completely sealed. A better method is to install a dynamic strip, this dynamic strip, in the edge of complex adaptive path on the sealing surface when the mold is closed this strip can be slightly expanded to seal.Improper placement of fibers in mouldsPlaced in the mold when the fiber is not fully sunburner or pruning, that cannot be placed in the fiber in the mould, and some fibers in the sealant path, which will directly lead to the leakage of resin, to do so before molding each time to carefully check the fiber layer.The injection pressure is too largeAnother common cause is the cause of leakage of resin sealant in the injection process, injection pressure in the pipeline is too large RTM Light mold is closed only by the action of atmospheric pressure, resin injection molding machine can produce more than the actual needs of the pressure, if there is no more sensitive and accurate pressure control, resin will leak into the vacuum zone, which will lead to the loss and mould around vacuum production failure.Loss of vacuum sealWhether it is a long-term or temporary edge vacuum loss, will lead to leakage of resin. Therefore, do not access several molds in the same vacuum system, as this will result in a reduction in the vacuum in the main vacuum zone.In fact, a simple automatic vacuum lock valve helps reduce the possibility of this vacuum loss.4 light RTM applicationsThere are not many reports about RTM Light technology and products in China, but the application development in foreign countries is very fast, and there are more than RTM application trends. At present, the common application areas are aerospace, military, transportation, construction, ships and energy, etc.. For example: the field of aerospace doors, fan blades, radome, aircraft engine hood: military field, torpedo shell tank, tubes and other areas; traffic light rail bus door, side panels, chassis, bumper, truck at the top of the baffle; the building area of street lamp pole, tubular wind generator hood decoration, doors, tables and chairs and the helmet; the field of ship hull, deck and other small boats.。