take短语用法完全归纳
take短语用法完全归纳总结
take 用法作为动词,主要有以下几种用法:一、拿,取I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室。
二、吃,喝,服用,放①Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。
②Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗?三、乘车(船)等①Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去?②They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。
四、常常和it连用,it在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。
翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等” ①How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间?②It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。
常常和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作例如:五、“做……事情”,take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下, take a look看一看等等。
1.拿,取;握,抱She took his outstretched hand. 她握住他伸出的手。
She took a piece of paper and began to write a letter. 她拿了一张纸,开始写起信来。
2.拿走,取走;夺取,占领;抓,捕;吸引The airport had been taken by daybreak. 天亮前机场就被攻占了。
3.带去;带领[O][O1]Dad took us to the museum last Friday. 上星期五爸爸带我们去博物馆。
与take搭配的短语
与take搭配的短语
1. Take a break:休息一下,暂停工作或活动。
2. Take a chance:冒险,尝试做某件事情,尽管存在风险或不确定性。
3. Take a decision:做出决定,对某件事情做出选择或判断。
4. Take a look:看一下,查看或观察某物。
5. Take a nap:小睡一会儿,进行短暂的睡眠。
6. Take a photo:拍照,使用相机或手机拍摄照片。
7. Take a rest:休息,停止活动或工作以放松身心。
8. Take a shower:洗澡,用水清洗身体。
9. Take a seat:坐下,找到一个座位并坐下。
10. Take a test:参加考试,接受一种评估或测试。
11. Take a walk:散步,进行轻松的步行活动。
12. Take care of:照顾,关心并满足他人的需求。
13. Take charge:负责,掌管或掌控某个情况或任务。
14. Take effect:生效,开始实施或产生效果。
15. Take initiative:采取主动,积极主动地开始行动或解决问题。
以上只是一些常见的与“take”搭配的短语示例,实际上还有许多其他的短语。
这些短语在不同的语境中有不同的含义和用法,可以根据具体情况进行理解和运用。
初中常用take短语与例句总结知识讲解
初中常用t a k e短语与例句总结take短语用法完全归纳1. take back 收回,接回,退回。
如:I’m sorry, I take back what I said. 对不起,我收回我说过的话。
2. take down(1) 写下,记下。
如:I didn’t take down his phone number. 我没有记下他的电话号码。
(2) 拆下,拆掉。
如:The machine takes down easily. 这机器很容易拆。
3. take in(1) 收留。
如:So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条狗)。
(2) 包括。
如:The list takes in everyone. 每个人都上了名单。
(3) 理解。
如:We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
(4) 欺骗,使上当。
如:Don’t be taken in by his promises. 别被他的诺言所欺骗。
4. take off(1) 脱下。
如:Take off your wet clothes. 脱下你的湿衣服。
(2) 起飞。
如:When did the plane take off? 飞机是什么时候起飞的?(3) 打折扣,扣掉,去掉。
如:Can you take five dollars off the price? 你可以减价五美元吗?(4) 请假,休息。
如:I want to take a day off (from work). 我想休假一天。
5. take on(1) 聘用,雇用。
如:The company decided to take on a new secretary. 这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。
(2) 呈现,显现,具有。
如:Her face took on a new expression. 她的脸上露出了新的表情。
英语Take短语归纳总结
Take 短语归纳1. take after (不用进行式) -to look or behave like (an older relative) 长相或举止像(某个长辈)2. take apart(1) to separate (a small machine, clock, etc.) into pieces 把(小型机器、钟表等)拆开;拆散(2) to defeat very severely in a sport or game (在体育运动或比赛中)把……彻底打败;speak angrily to or criticize severely 对……苛求;严厉批评3. take as 看作,认为4. take away 拿走;使停学,使离开;使消失;减去△ take away from -to lessen the effect or value of (something good or desirable) 贬低(有益或令人满意之事物)的作用5. take back(1) to admit that one was wrong in (what one said) 承认说错了(话),收回(诺言,话语)(2) to cause to remember or think about a past time 使回忆起(3) 送回,还回去;退(货)6. take down(1) 拿下,取下;记下来;褪下(裤子等穿于腰以下的衣物)(2) to separate (a large machine or article) into pieces esp. in order to repair it or move it (尤指为了修理或搬移而)把(大型机器或大物件)拆成零部件;把……拆卸开7. take in(1) to receive into one's home; provide lodgings for (a person) 接待(某人)留宿(2) to deceive 欺瞒,欺骗(3) to understand fully; grasp 充分理解,掌握(4) to make (clothes) narrow 把(衣服)改窄(5) to include 包含,包括8. take off(1) to remove (esp. clothes) 脱下,脱去(尤指衣服); 解(拿)掉--- put on (反义词)(2) (of a plane, etc) to rise into the air at the beginning of a flight (飞机等)升空,起飞(3) to have a holiday from work on (the stated day) or for (the stated period) 在(某日或某段时间)休假;歇(……天)假; 请假(4) to begin to become successful, popular, or well-known开始有成就;开始受欢迎;开始成名(5) 打折扣(6) to copy the speech or manners of (someone), esp. for amusement(尤指为了逗笑而) 模仿(某人)的谈吐、举止等9. take on(1) to start to employ 开始雇用(2) to begin to have (a quality of appearance) 开始具有/ 呈现(某种品质、面貌等); 露出(3) to accept (work, responsibility, etc.) 接受(工作等);承担(责任等)(4) to start a quarrel or fight with 开始和……争吵(斗殴、作对、较量等)(5) 让上车,接受乘客10. take out(1) to go somewhere with (a person) as a social activity 带(某人)去(某处参加社交活动等)(2) to obtain officially 正式取得,领得,获得(3) 洗去(污迹),使褪色△ take someone out of himself / herself 使(某人)从(失意、不愉快等)中解脱出来,给(某人)消愁△ take sth out on sb 向……发泄(情绪);拿……出气11. take over --to gain control over and responsibility for (something)接手,接任;接管12. take to(1) to feel a liking for, esp. at once (尤指立刻)对……产生好感,喜欢上(2) to begin as a practice, habit, etc. 染上……习惯(嗜好等)(3) to go to for rest, hiding, escape, etc. 到(某处)休息;到……躲藏;逃往13. take up(1) to begin to spend time doing; interest oneself in 开始花时间从事(某项活动);对……产生兴趣; 开始学习(某课程),选修(2) (of things or events) to fill or use (space or time) (事物或事件)占用了(时间或空间)(3) to accept the offer of 接受……的建议(4) to continue 继续△take up with 和(某人,尤指讨厌的人)来往be taken up with - be very busy with 忙于; 喜欢14. be taken ill 病倒了,生病了15. take a chance 碰碰运气,冒……风险16. take a deep/ long breath 深吸一口气(以鼓起勇气或仔细考虑)17. take a fancy / liking (dislike) to 喜欢(不喜欢)18. take a hand in 干预19. take a load / weight off sb's mind 使放心/ 安心20. take a risk / risks 冒风险21. take a seat 坐下22. take a vote 投票表决23. take an interest in 对……有兴趣24. take steps /measures to do 采取措施做某事25. take action (on) (对……)采取措施26. take advantage of 利用;占……的便宜, 不正当地利用27. take aim 瞄准28. take by 握住(某处); 拉住29. take ….by surprise 奇袭;出其不意做某事, 使惊奇30. take care 当心31. take care of 照顾,料理;处理,对付;当心32. take charge of 负责,接管33. take cold 感冒,伤风34. take control of 控制住,管住35. take delight / pleasure in 以……为乐;喜欢36. take effect 开始起作用;生效37. take for / to be (错)当作,以为是38. take ….for granted 想当然认为(会是某种情况),认为……是理所当然的;认为没有问题39. take ….for instance / example 以……为例40. take hold of 抓住;吸引住41. take ….into account / consideration 考虑到,把……考虑进去42. take it / things easy 慢慢地,不要过于紧张/ 劳累43. take it or leave it 要不要都行;要么要要么不要,不要还价44. take note (of) 注意45. take notice (of) 注意;理会46. take notes 作记录;记笔记47. take / come into office 就职,上任48. take one's breath away 令人惊异,叹为观止49. take one's chance(s) 碰碰自己的运气50. take one's time 慢慢来,从容不迫51. take pains 特别注意/ 努力,下工夫52. take (the) trouble 费事,下工夫53. take pare (in) 参加,参与54. take pity on / upon 可怜,怜悯55. take place 发生,举行56. take pride in / be proud of 为……感到自豪/ 骄傲57. take revenge on 向….报复58. take one's place 代替某人59. take the long view 看得远一些60. take the opportunity 利用这个机会61. take turns 轮流(做某事)(Get的短语)get up 起床,筹备;打扮get out 离开,出去;泄露;出版get in 进入;到达;陷入;收获get into 进入;陷入;穿上;习惯于get back 回来;恢复;取回;重新上台get on 上车,上马;进展,使前进get out of 逃避;避免get married 结婚get off v. 动身;免于受罚;从…下来;脱下(衣服等)get better 变得更好;康复get to know 了解;认识get through 通过;到达;做完;接通电话get hold of 把握;抓住;得到get away 离开;逃脱;出发get from 从…处得到…get used to 习惯于…get rid 摆脱;排除;处理掉get back回来| 返回| 取回| 回家get…back 退还…,送回去;取回/找回;要回et back to 再和……联系(关于go的短语)a capital go[口]妙极了, 太好了a pretty go[口]难办的事; 怪事all the go[美]非常流行, 风行一时as far as it goes就其本身而言, 就目前的情况而论so far as it goes就其本身而言, 就目前的情况而论as ... go从通常情况来说, 就...而论at one go一口气in one go一口气be full of go精力充沛be on the go在活动, 在忙碌; 准备离开; 有醉意; 衰败, 濒于死亡call it a go就这样决定, 一言为定could go巴不得吃(或喝)fair go公平对待, 机会均等; 公道的比赛from the word go[美口]从一开头; 始终, 完全, 彻头彻尾get sb. going[美俚]使某人发怒[激动]Here goes!瞧, 开始了!How goes it?[口]近况如何?leave go of松[放]开let go松手, 放开,释放,解雇,放弃; 忘记,随它去吧let go with尽情地说[叫喊等]let oneself go发脾气; 尽情地谈make a go of it[美]使获得成功, 干好near go[口]差点儿送命no go[口]不行, 办不到; 不成功on the go[口]在进行活动, 忙碌; 刚要动身,衰败,有醉意upon the go[口]在进行活动, 忙碌; 刚要动身,衰败,有醉意quite the go非常流行There you go again.你这一套又来了。
Take 短语归纳
Take 短语归纳1. take after (不用进行式) -to look or behave like (an older relative) 长相或举止像(某个长辈)2. take apart(1) to separate (a small machine, clock, etc.) into pieces 把(小型机器、钟表等)拆开;拆散(2) to defeat very severely in a sport or game (在体育运动或比赛中)把……彻底打败;speak angrily to or criticize severely 对……苛求;严厉批评3. take as 看作,认为4. take away 拿走;使停学,使离开;使消失;减去△take away from -to lessen the effect or value of (something good or desirable) 贬低(有益或令人满意之事物)的作用5. take back(1) to admit that one was wrong in (what one said) 承认说错了(话),收回(诺言,话语)(2) to cause to remember or think about a past time 使回忆起(3) 送回,还回去;退(货)6. take down(1) 拿下,取下;记下来;褪下(裤子等穿于腰以下的衣物)(2) to separate (a large machine or article) into pieces esp. in order to repair it or move it (尤指为了修理或搬移而)把(大型机器或大物件)拆成零部件;把……拆卸开 7. take in(1) to receive into one's home; provide lodgings for (a person) 接待(某人)留宿(2) to deceive 欺瞒,欺骗(3) to understand fully; grasp 充分理解,掌握(4) to make (clothes) narrow 把(衣服)改窄(5) to include 包含,包括8. take off(1) to remove (esp. clothes) 脱下,脱去(尤指衣服); 解(拿)掉 --- put on (反义词)(2) (of a plane, etc) to rise into the air at the beginning of a flight (飞机等)升空,起飞(3) to have a holiday from work on (the stated day) or for (the stated period) 在(某日或某段时间)休假;歇(……天)假; 请假(4) to begin to become successful, popular, or well-known开始有成就;开始受欢迎;开始成名(5) 打折扣(6) to copy the speech or manners of (someone), esp. for amusement(尤指为了逗笑而) 模仿 (某人)的谈吐、举止等9. take on(1) to start to employ 开始雇用(2) to begin to have (a quality of appearance) 开始具有/ 呈现(某种品质、面貌等); 露出(3) to accept (work, responsibility, etc.) 接受(工作等);承担(责任等)(4) to start a quarrel or fight with 开始和……争吵(斗殴、作对、较量等)(5) 让上车,接受乘客10. take out(1) to go somewhere with (a person) as a social activity 带(某人)去(某处参加社交活动等)(2) to obtain officially 正式取得,领得,获得(3) 洗去(污迹),使褪色△ take someone out of himself / herself 使(某人)从(失意、不愉快等)中解脱出来,给(某人)消愁△ take sth out on sb 向……发泄(情绪);拿……出气11. take over --to gain control over and responsibility for (something)接手,接任;接管12. take to(1) to feel a liking for, esp. at once (尤指立刻)对……产生好感,喜欢上(2) to begin as a practice, habit, etc. 染上……习惯(嗜好等)(3) to go to for rest, hiding, escape, etc. 到(某处)休息;到……躲藏;逃往13. take up(1) to begin to spend time doing; interest oneself in 开始花时间从事(某项活动);对……产生兴趣; 开始学习(某课程),选修(2) (of things or events) to fill or use (space or time) (事物或事件)占用了(时间或空间)(3) to accept the offer of 接受……的建议(4) to continue 继续△take up with 和(某人,尤指讨厌的人)来往be taken up with - be very busy with 忙于; 喜欢14. be taken ill 病倒了,生病了15. take a chance 碰碰运气,冒……风险16. take a deep/ long breath 深吸一口气(以鼓起勇气或仔细考虑)17. take a fancy / liking (dislike) to 喜欢(不喜欢)18. take a hand in 干预19. take a load / weight off sb's mind 使放心/ 安心20. take a risk / risks 冒风险21. take a seat 坐下22. take a vote 投票表决23. take an interest in 对……有兴趣24. take steps /measures to do 采取措施做某事25. take action (on) (对……)采取措施26. take advantage of 利用;占……的便宜, 不正当地利用27. take aim 瞄准28. take by 握住(某处); 拉住29. take ….by surprise 奇袭;出其不意做某事, 使惊奇30. take care 当心31. take care of 照顾,料理;处理,对付;当心32. take charge of 负责,接管33. take cold 感冒,伤风34. take control of 控制住,管住35. take delight / pleasure in 以……为乐;喜欢36. take effect 开始起作用;生效37. take for / to be (错)当作,以为是38. take ….for granted 想当然认为(会是某种情况),认为……是理所当然的;认为没有问题39. take ….for instance / example 以……为例40. take hold of 抓住;吸引住41. take ….into account / consideration 考虑到,把……考虑进去42. take it / things easy 慢慢地,不要过于紧张/ 劳累43. take it or leave it 要不要都行;要么要要么不要,不要还价44. take note (of) 注意45. take notice (of) 注意;理会46. take notes 作记录;记笔记47. take / come into office 就职,上任48. take one's breath away 令人惊异,叹为观止49. take one's chance(s) 碰碰自己的运气50. take one's time 慢慢来,从容不迫51. take pains 特别注意 / 努力,下工夫52. take (the) trouble 费事,下工夫53. take pare (in) 参加,参与54. take pity on / upon 可怜,怜悯55. take place 发生,举行56. take pride in / be proud of 为……感到自豪/ 骄傲57. take revenge on 向….报复58. take one's place 代替某人59. take the long view 看得远一些60. take the opportunity 利用这个机会61. take turns 轮流(做某事)(Get的短语)get up 起床,筹备;打扮get out 离开,出去;泄露;出版get in 进入;到达;陷入;收获get into 进入;陷入;穿上;习惯于get back 回来;恢复;取回;重新上台get on 上车,上马;进展,使前进get out of 逃避;避免get married 结婚get off v. 动身;免于受罚;从…下来;脱下(衣服等)get better 变得更好;康复get to know 了解;认识get through 通过;到达;做完;接通电话get hold of 把握;抓住;得到get away 离开;逃脱;出发get from 从…处得到…get used to 习惯于…get rid 摆脱;排除;处理掉get back回来 | 返回 | 取回 | 回家get…back 退还…,送回去;取回/找回;要回et back to 再和……联系(关于go的短语)a capital go[口]妙极了, 太好了a pretty go[口]难办的事; 怪事all the go[美]非常流行, 风行一时as far as it goes就其本身而言, 就目前的情况而论so far as it goes就其本身而言, 就目前的情况而论as ... go从通常情况来说, 就...而论at one go一口气in one go一口气be full of go精力充沛be on the go在活动, 在忙碌; 准备离开; 有醉意; 衰败, 濒于死亡call it a go就这样决定, 一言为定could go巴不得吃(或喝)fair go公平对待, 机会均等; 公道的比赛from the word go[美口]从一开头; 始终, 完全, 彻头彻尾get sb. going[美俚]使某人发怒[激动]Here goes!瞧, 开始了!How goes it?[口]近况如何?leave go of松[放]开let go松手, 放开,释放,解雇,放弃; 忘记,随它去吧let go with尽情地说[叫喊等]let oneself go发脾气; 尽情地谈make a go of it[美]使获得成功, 干好near go[口]差点儿送命no go[口]不行, 办不到; 不成功on the go[口]在进行活动, 忙碌; 刚要动身,衰败,有醉意upon the go[口]在进行活动, 忙碌; 刚要动身,衰败,有醉意quite the go非常流行There you go again.你这一套又来了。
Take短语归纳
Take 短语归纳1. take after (不用进行式) -to look or behave like (an older relative) 长相或举止 1. take after (像(某个长辈) 2. take apart 2. take apart (1) to separate (a small machine, clock, etc.) into pieces (1) to separate (a small machine, clock, etc.) into pieces 把(小型机器、钟表等)拆开;拆散(2) to defeat very severely in a sport or game ( (2) to defeat very severely in a sport or game (在体育运动或比赛中)把……彻底打败;speak angrily to or criticize severely 对……苛求;严厉批评3. take as 看作,认为 3. take as 4. take away 拿走;使停学,使离开;使消失;减去 4. take away △ take away from △ take away from -to lessen the effect or value of (something good or desirable) 贬低(有益或令人满意之事物)的作用5. take back 5. take back (1) to admit that one was wrong in (what one said) (1) to admit that one was wrong in (what one said) 承认说错了(话),收回(诺言,话语) (2) to cause to remember or think about a past time (2) to cause to remember or think about a past time 使回忆起(3) 送回,还回去;退(货) (3) 6. take down 6. take down (1) 拿下,取下;记下来;褪下(裤子等穿于腰以下的衣物) (1) (2) to separate (a large machine or article) into pieces esp. in order to repair it (2) to separate (a large machine or article) into pieces esp. in order to repair it or move it (尤指为了修理或搬移而)把(大型机器或大物件)拆成零部件;把……拆卸开 7. take in 7. take in (1) to receive into one's home; provide lodgings for (a person) (1) to receive into one's home; provide lodgings for (a person) 接待(某人)留宿(2) to deceive 欺瞒,欺骗 (2) to deceive (3) to understand fully; grasp 充分理解,掌握 (3) to understand fully; grasp (4) to make (clothes) narrow 把(衣服)改窄 (4) to make (clothes) narrow (5) to include 包含,包括 (5) to include 8. take off 8. take off (1) to remove (esp. clothes) 脱下,脱去(尤指衣服); 解(拿)掉--- put on (反义词) (1) to remove (esp. clothes) (2) (of a plane, etc) to rise into the air at the beginning of a flight ( (2) (of a plane, etc) to rise into the air at the beginning of a flight (飞机等)升空,起飞(3) to have a holiday from work on (the stated day) or for (the stated period) (3) to have a holiday from work on (the stated day) or for (the stated period) 在(某日或某段时间)休假;歇(……天)假; 请假(4) to begin to become successful, popular, or well-known 开始有成就;开始受欢 (4) to begin to become successful, popular, or well-known 迎;开始成名(5) 打折扣 (5) (6) to copy the speech or manners of (someone), esp. for amusement( (6) to copy the speech or manners of (someone), esp. for amusement(尤指为了逗笑而) 模仿(某人)的谈吐、举止等9. take on 9. take on (1) to start to employ 开始雇用 (1) to start to employ (2) to begin to have (a quality of appearance) 开始具有/ 呈现(某种品质、面貌等); (2) to begin to have (a quality of appearance) 露出(3) to accept (work, responsibility, etc.) 接受(工作等);承担(责任等) (3) to accept (work, responsibility, etc.) (4) to start a quarrel or fight with 开始和……争吵(斗殴、作对、较量等) (4) to start a quarrel or fight with (5) 让上车,接受乘客 (5) 10. take out 10. take out (1) to go somewhere with (a person) as a social activity (1) to go somewhere with (a person) as a social activity 带(某人)去(某处参加社交活动等) (2) to obtain officially 正式取得 (2) to obtain officially 正式取得,领得,获得(3) 洗去(污迹),使褪色 (3) △ take someone out of himself / herself 使(某人)从(失意、不愉快等)中解脱出来, △ take someone out of himself / herself 给(某人)消愁 △ take sth out on sb △ take sth out on sb 向……发泄(情绪);拿……出气11. take over --to gain control over and responsibility for (something) 11. take over --to gain control over and responsibility for (something)接手,接任;接管 12. take to 12. take to (1) to feel a liking for, esp. at once ( (1) to feel a liking for, esp. at once (尤指立刻)对……产生好感,喜欢上(2) to begin as a practice, habit, etc. 染上……习惯(嗜好等) (2) to begin as a practice, habit, etc. (3) to go to for rest, hiding, escape, etc. (3) to go to for rest, hiding, escape, etc. 到(某处)休息;到……躲藏;逃往13. take up 13. take up (1) to begin to spend time doing; interest oneself in (1) to begin to spend time doing; interest oneself in 开始花时间从事(某项活动);对……产生兴趣; 开始学习(某课程),选修(2) (of things or events) to fill or use (space or time) ( (2) (of things or events) to fill or use (space or time) (事物或事件)占用了(时间或空间) (3) to accept the offer of 接受……的建议 (3) to accept the offer of (4) to continue 继续 (4) to continue △ take up with 和(某人,尤指讨厌的人)来往 b e taken up with - be very busy with be taken up with - be very busy with 忙于; 喜欢14. be taken ill 病倒了 14. be taken ill 病倒了,生病了15. take a chance 碰碰运气 15. take a chance 碰碰运气,冒……风险 16. take a deep/ long breath 16. take a deep/ long breath 深吸一口气(以鼓起勇气或仔细考虑) 17. take a fancy / liking (dislike) to 喜欢(不喜欢) 17. take a fancy / liking (dislike) to 18. take a hand in 18. take a hand in 干预19. take a load / weight off sb's mind 使放心/ 安心 19. take a load / weight off sb's mind 20. take a risk / risks 冒风险 20. take a risk / risks 21. take a seat 坐下 21. take a seat 坐下22. take a vote 投票表决 22. take a vote 投票表决23. take an interest in 对……有兴趣 23. take an interest in 24. take steps /measures to do 采取措施做某事 24. take steps /measures to do 25. take action (on) (对……)采取措施 25. take action (on) (26. take advantage of 利用 26. take advantage of 利用;占……的便宜, 不正当地利用27. take aim 瞄准 27. take aim 28. take by 握住(某处); 拉住 28. take by 29. take ….by surprise 奇袭 29. take ….by surprise 奇袭;出其不意做某事, 使惊奇30. take care 当心 30. take care 31. take care of 照顾 31. take care of 照顾,料理;处理,对付;当心32. take charge of 负责 32. take charge of 负责,接管 33. take cold 33. take cold 感冒,伤风34. take control of 控制住 34. take control of 控制住,管住35. take delight / pleasure in 以……为乐;喜欢 35. take delight / pleasure in 36. take effect 开始起作用;生效 36. take effect 37. take for / to be (37. take for / to be (错)当作,以为是38. take ….for granted 想当然认为 38. take ….for granted 想当然认为(会是某种情况),认为……是理所当然的;认为没有问题 39. take ….for instance 39. take ….for instance / example 以……为例40. take hold of 抓住 40. take hold of 抓住;吸引住41. take ….into account / consideration 考虑到,把……考虑进去 41. take ….into account / consideration 42. take it / things easy 慢慢地,不要过于紧张/ 劳累 42. take it / things easy 43. take it or leave it 要不要都行;要么要要么不要,不要还价 43. take it or leave it 44. take note (of) 注意 44. take note (of) 注意45. take notice (of) 注意 45. take notice (of) 注意;理会46. take notes 作记录;记笔记 46. take notes 47. take / come into office 就职,上任 47. take / come into office 48. take one's breath away 令人惊异,叹为观止 48. take one's breath away 49. take one's chance(s) 碰碰自己的运气 49. take one's chance(s) 碰碰自己的运气50. take one's time 慢慢来 50. take one's time 慢慢来,从容不迫51. take pains 特别注意/ 努力,下工夫 51. take pains 52. take (the) trouble 费事 52. take (the) trouble 费事,下工夫53. take pare (in) 参加 53. take pare (in) 参加,参与54. take pity on / upon 可怜,怜悯 54. take pity on / upon 55. take place 发生,举行 55. take place 56. take pride in / be proud of 为……感到自豪/ 骄傲 56. take pride in / be proud of 57. take revenge on 向….报复 57. take revenge on 58. take one's place 58. take one's place 代替某人代替某人59. take the long view 看得远一些 59. take the long view 60. take the opportunity 利用这个机会 60. take the opportunity 利用这个机会61. take turns 轮流(做某事) 61. take turns (Get的短语)get up 起床,筹备;打扮起床,筹备;打扮get out 离开,出去;泄露;出版离开,出去;泄露;出版get in 进入;到达;陷入;收获进入;到达;陷入;收获get into 进入;陷入;穿上;习惯于进入;陷入;穿上;习惯于get back 回来;恢复;取回;重新上台回来;恢复;取回;重新上台get on 上车,上马;进展,使前进上车,上马;进展,使前进get out of 逃避;避免逃避;避免get married 结婚结婚get off v. 动身;免于受罚;从…下来;脱下(衣服等)下来;脱下(衣服等)get better 变得更好;康复变得更好;康复get to know 了解;认识了解;认识get through 通过;到达;做完;接通电话通过;到达;做完;接通电话get hold of 把握;抓住;得到把握;抓住;得到get away 离开;逃脱;出发离开;逃脱;出发get from 从…处得到… get used to 习惯于… get rid 摆脱;排除;处理掉摆脱;排除;处理掉get back回来取回 | 回家回家返回 | 取回回来 | 返回get…back 退还…,送回去;取回/找回;要回找回;要回et back to 再和再和……联系联系的短语)(关于go的短语)a capital go[口]妙极了, 太好了太好了a pretty go[口]难办的事; 怪事怪事all the go[美]非常流行, 风行一时风行一时as far as it goes就其本身而言就目前的情况而论就其本身而言, 就目前的情况而论so far as it goes就其本身而言就目前的情况而论就其本身而言, 就目前的情况而论as ... go从通常情况来说, 就...而论而论at one go一口气一口气in one go一口气一口气be full of go精力充沛精力充沛be on the go在活动, 在忙碌; 准备离开; 有醉意; 衰败, 濒于死亡濒于死亡 call it a go就这样决定, 一言为定一言为定could go巴不得吃(或喝) fair go公平对待, 机会均等; 公道的比赛公道的比赛from the word go[美口]从一开头; 始终, 完全, 彻头彻尾彻头彻尾get sb. going[美俚]使某人发怒[激动] Here goes!瞧, 开始了! How goes it?[口]近况如何? leave go of松[放]开let go松手, 放开,释放,解雇,放弃; 忘记,随它去吧忘记,随它去吧let go with尽情地说[叫喊等] let oneself go发脾气; 尽情地谈尽情地谈make a go of it[美]使获得成功, 干好干好near go[口]差点儿送命差点儿送命no go[口]不行, 办不到; 不成功不成功on the go[口]在进行活动, 忙碌; 刚要动身,衰败,有醉意刚要动身,衰败,有醉意upon the go[口]在进行活动, 忙碌; 刚要动身,衰败,有醉意刚要动身,衰败,有醉意quite the go非常流行非常流行There you go again.你这一套又来了。
take短语用法完全归纳上课讲义
take 用法作为动词,主要有以下几种用法:一、拿,取I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室。
二、吃,喝,服用,放①Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。
②Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗?三、乘车(船)等①Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去?②They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。
四、常常和it连用,it在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。
翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等”①How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间?②It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。
五、“做……事情”, 常常和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作例如:take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下, take a look看一看等等。
1.拿,取;握,抱She took his outstretched hand. 她握住他伸出的手。
She took a piece of paper and began to write a letter. 她拿了一张纸,开始写起信来。
2.拿走,取走;夺取,占领;抓,捕;吸引The airport had been taken by daybreak. 天亮前机场就被攻占了。
3.带去;带领[O][O1]Dad took us to the museum last Friday. 上星期五爸爸带我们去博物馆。
take的用法概要
• (1) 写下,记下。如:He took down everything the teacher said. 他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。I didn’t take down his phone number. 我没有记下他的电话号码。
• (2) 拆下,拆掉。如:The machine takes down easily. 这 机器很容易拆。They decided to take down the dangerous bridge. 他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。
• 3. take in • (1) 收留。如:So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条
狗)。 • (2) 包括。如:The list takes in everyone. 每个人都上了名单。 • (3) 理解。如:We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我们发现他教的
• Take it easy.
• 含 take 的短语
• take the shirt • take exercise 运动;锻炼 • take off 脱掉;(飞机)起飞 • take a look (at) 看一看 • take photos 照相,拍照 • take a seat 坐下,坐坐 • take a walk 散步 • take a rest 休息 • take down 取下 • take away 拿走 • take out 拿出
take的用法
• take a bus/train/plane/taxi • take a walk / nap / look / holiday • Take your temperature • Take pills / medicine • Take care of • Take your ID card • Take the doctor’s advice • Take your time.
take短语用法完全归纳总结
take 用法作为动词,主要有以下几种用法:一、拿,取I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室。
二、吃,喝,服用,放①Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。
②Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗?三、乘车(船)等①Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去?②They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。
四、常常和it连用,it在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。
翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等”①How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间?②It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。
五、“做……事情”, 常常和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作例如:take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下, take a look看一看等等。
1.拿,取;握,抱She took his outstretched hand. 她握住他伸出的手。
She took a piece of paper and began to write a letter. 她拿了一张纸,开始写起信来。
2.拿走,取走;夺取,占领;抓,捕;吸引The airport had been taken by daybreak. 天亮前机场就被攻占了。
3.带去;带领[O][O1]Dad took us to the museum last Friday. 上星期五爸爸带我们去博物馆。
初中常用take短语与例句总结
学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考学习资料take短语用法完全归纳1. take back 收回,接回,退回。
收回,接回,退回。
如:I’m sorry, I take back what I said. 对不起,我收回我说过的话。
2. take down(1) 写下,记下。
如:I didn’t take down his phone number. 我没有记下他的电话号码。
(2) 拆下,拆掉。
如:The machine takes down easily. 这机器很容易拆。
3. take in (1) 收留。
如:So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条狗)。
(2) 包括。
如:The list takes in everyone. 每个人都上了名单。
(3) 理解。
如:We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
(4) 欺骗,使上当。
如:Don’t be taken in by his promises. 别被他的诺言所欺骗。
4. take off(1) 脱下。
如:Take off your wet clothes. 脱下你的湿衣服。
(2) 起飞。
如:When did the plane take off? 飞机是什么时候起飞的? (3) 打折扣,扣掉,去掉。
如:Can you take five dollars off the price? 你可以减价五美元吗? (4) 请假,休息。
如:I want to take a day off (from work). 我想休假一天。
5. take on (1) 聘用,雇用。
如:The company decided to take on a new secretary. 这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。
(2) 呈现,显现,具有。
如:Her face took on a new expression. 她的脸上露出了新的表情。
关于Take的短语
take短语用法完全归纳take短语用法完全归纳1. ta ke back 收回,接回,退回。
如:I’m sorry,I take bac k what I s aid. 对不起,我收回我说过的话。
Th ey wouldn’t take bac k the shir t. 衬衫他们不让退货。
2. take down(1)写下,记下。
如:He took down everythin g the teac her said.他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。
I did n’t take d own his ph one number. 我没有记下他的电话号码。
(2) 拆下,拆掉。
如:The machine t akes downeasily. 这机器很容易拆。
They decided t o take dow n the dang erous brid ge. 他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。
3. take in(1) 收留。
如:S o he tookin the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条狗)。
(2)包括。
如:The l ist takesin everyon e. 每个人都上了名单。
(3) 理解。
如:We findit difficu lt to take in what h e teaches.我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
(4)欺骗,使上当。
如:D on’t be ta ken in byhis promis es. 别被他的诺言所欺骗。
4. ta ke off(1)脱下。
如:Take off yourwet clothe s. 脱下你的湿衣服。
He took o ff his gla sses and l ooked up.他取下眼镜,抬头看了看。
take短语用法完全归纳
take 短语用法完全归纳1.take back 收回,接回,退回。
如:I’m sorry, I take back what I said. 对不起,我收回我说过的话。
They wouldn’t take back t he shirt. 衬衫他们不让退货。
2.take down(1)写下,记下。
如:He t ook down everything t he t eacher said. 他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。
Id id n’t take d o wn his p ho ne num b er.我没有记下他的电话号码。
(2)拆下,拆掉。
如:The machine takes down easily. 这机器很容易拆。
They decided to take down the dangerous bridge. 他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。
3.take in(1)收留。
如: So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩 (这条狗)。
(2)包括。
如: The list takes in everyone. 每个人都上了名单。
(3)理解。
如: We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
(4)欺骗,使上当。
如:Do n’t b e t ake n in b y h is p ro m ise s.别被他的诺言所欺骗。
4.take off(1)脱下。
如: Take off your wet clothes. 脱下你的湿衣服。
He took off his glasses and looked up. 他取下眼镜,抬头看了看。
(2)起飞,事业腾飞。
如:When did the plane take off? 飞机是什么时候起飞的?(3)打折扣,扣掉,去掉。
如:Can you t ake f ive dollars off the p rice? 你可以减价五美元吗?(4)请假,休息。
take短语用法完全归
14. Put down gambling禁赌。 15. put sth. straight摆得端正 16. put it tactfully措词婉转 17. put forward amendments提出修正意见 18. put a question mark; put a query打一个问号 19. Put on a coat; put socks on.穿上外衣;穿上袜子 20. put up a candidate推举一名候选人 21. put forward amendments提出修正意见 22. put sth. straight摆得端正 23. put in tune校准(乐器)音调 24. put on airs骄矜之态 25. put together indiscriminately.不加区别地放在一起。 26. put on airs摆架子 27. put it tactfully措词婉转 28. Put down gambling禁赌。 29. put on lipstick搽口红 30. To put on(clothing).穿上(衣服) Put
take短语用法完全归纳
1. take back 收回,接回,退回。如:I’m sorry, I take back what I said. 对不 起,我收回我说过的话。They wouldn’t take back the shirt. 衬衫他们不让退货。 2. take down (1) 写下,记下。如:He took down everything the teacher said. 他把老师说的 所有话都记了下来。I didn’t take down his phone number. 我没有记下他的电话 号码。 (2) 拆下,拆掉。如:The machine takes down easily. 这机器很容易拆。They decided to take down the dangerous bridge. 他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。 3. take in (1) 收留。如:So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条狗)。 (2) 包括。如:The list takes in everyone. 每个人都上了名单。 (3) 理解。如:We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我们发现他教的 东西很难理解。 (4) 欺骗,使上当。如:Don’t be taken in by his promises. 别被他的诺言所欺 骗。 4. take off (1) 脱下。如:Take off your wet clothes. 脱下你的湿衣服。He took off his glasses and looked up. 他取下眼镜, 抬头看了看。 (2) 起飞。如:When did the plane take off? 飞机是什么时候起飞的? (3) 打折扣,扣掉,去掉。如:Can you take five dollars off the price? 你可以减 价五美元吗? (4) 请假,休息。如:I want to take a day off (from work). 我想休假一天。
take的用法
• (1) 写下,记下。如:He took down everything the teacher said. 他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。I didn’t take down his phone number. 我没有记下他的电话号码。
• (2) 拆下,拆掉。如:The machine takes down easily. 这 机器很容易拆。They decided to take down the dangerous bridge. 他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。
• 3. take in • (1) 收留。如:So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条
狗)。 • (2) 包括。如:The list takes in everyone. 每个人都上了名单。 • (3) 理解。如:We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我们发现他教的
• 二。 take 表示“拿、取”之意,后常接宾语,它强调将某 人或某物从说话地点带到其他地方去。如:
• Could you take my schoolbag to the classroom, please? 请你把我的书包拿到教室里去好吗?
• His mother often takes him to the bookshop. 他妈妈经 常带他去书店。
个词有了新的意义。Her face took on a new expression. 她的脸上露 出了新的表情。
• (3) 承担或担任(工作或责任等)。如:He advised me not to take too much work. 他劝我不要做太多的工作。
take短语用法完全归
4. stay put 站着不动
5. Put aside 储存,保留
6. shot put 推铅球
7. Put off 推迟,阻止,劝阻
8. Stay put. 躺着别动。
9. put aside 放在一边
10.Put over 解释清楚,说明 11. stay put站着不动
10. take sb (sth) for [to be]……把某人(某物)当作……。 如:
He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为同 意。Of course I didn’t tell her your secret ---- what do youtake me for? 当然我没有把你的秘密告诉她---你都 把我当什么人了? I took him for an honest man [to be honest]. 我看他为人老实。I took him for Mr Smith. 我 错把他看成是史密斯先生。注:按传统说法:take…… 注:按传统说法:for 往往指不合事实地“错误认为”, 而 take……to be [as]则可能指正确地也可能指不正确
14. Put down gambling禁赌。 15. put sth. straight摆得端正 16. put it tactfully措词婉转
17. put forward amendments提出修正意见
不少钱。
12. It takes sth (某做某事花精力 (需要人等)。如:It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要三个人。It would
take短语用法完全归纳总结
take 用法作为动词,主要有以下几种用法:一、拿,取I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室。
二、吃,喝,服用,放①Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。
②Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗?三、乘车(船)等①Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去?②They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。
四、常常和it连用,it在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。
翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等”①How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间?②It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。
五、“做……事情”, 常常和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作例如:take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下, take a look看一看等等。
1.拿,取;握,抱She took his outstretched hand. 她握住他伸出的手。
She took a piece of paper and began to write a letter. 她拿了一张纸,开始写起信来。
2.拿走,取走;夺取,占领;抓,捕;吸引The airport had been taken by daybreak. 天亮前机场就被攻占了。
3.带去;带领[O][O1]Dad took us to the museum last Friday. 上星期五爸爸带我们去博物馆。
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For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial usetake 用法?作为动词,主要有以下几种用法:一、拿,取I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室。
二、吃,喝,服用,放①Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。
②Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗?三、乘车(船)等①Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去?②They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。
四、常常和it连用,it在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。
翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等”①How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间?②It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。
五、“做……事情”, 常常和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作例如:take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下, take a look看一看等等。
1.拿,取;握,抱She took his outstretched hand.?她握住他伸出的手。
?She took a piece of paper and began to write a letter.?她拿了一张纸,开始写起信来。
?2.拿走,取走;夺取,占领;抓,捕;吸引The airport had been taken by daybreak.?天亮前机场就被攻占了。
?3.带去;带领[O][O1]Dad took us to the museum last Friday.?上星期五爸爸带我们去博物馆。
?4.就(座),就(职)5.取得,获得6.接受;采取;修(学科),上(课)I plan to take biochemistry this semester.?这学期我准备选修生物化学。
?7.承担;容纳;容忍[W]8.吃(饭),喝(水),服(药);吸入,吸收People in this locality used to take two meals a day.?这儿的居民过去每天吃两餐饭。
?9.需要;花费;占用[O1]The flight will take three hours.?路上要飞三小时。
?10.(表示做一次动作)执行,做We took a walk through the town after lunch.?吃完午饭我们在城里走了走。
?He took a bath after work.?下班后他洗了个澡。
?11.生(根);产生(兴趣等)12.乘(车),搭(船)They're going to take a train to the capital.?他们打算坐火车去首都。
?13.记录;量取;拍摄The doctor took my temperature and my pulse.?医生量了量我的体温和脉搏。
?14.以为;把...看作[W][O]I take her to be honest.?我看她为人诚实。
?15.理解,领会She took me wrong.?她误解了我的意思。
?16.买下;租下;订阅;预订(座位)I'll take five pounds of beef.?我买五磅牛肉。
?17.【俚】欺骗,使上当18.打,击;(疾病)突然侵袭19.以...为例Take Mr. White. He never shouts at his wife.?就说怀特先生吧;他从不对太太叫嚷。
?不及物动词vi.?1.(染料)被吸收,染上2.依法获得财产3.(药、种痘等)生效;起作用She hasn't taken since her first vaccination.?自从她第一次接种以来,牛痘一直没有发过。
?4.(移植)成活;(种子)生根The grafts have taken.?移植成功了。
?5.(鱼)咬饵6.(作品)受欢迎;施展魅力I'm sure this opera will take.?我相信这出歌剧会受欢迎。
?7.被拍摄;拍起照来[Q]She takes well.?她很上镜。
?8.变成;得(病等)[L]Father has taken restless of late.?近来父亲变得焦躁不安。
?9.走,行进10.抓住,扎住;(齿轮)啮合11.起飞[(+off)]名词n.?1.一次拍摄的电影(电视)镜头[C]2.捕获量;收获量;收入[S1]3.反应My take on this is...?我对这件事的反应是...构成常用的重要词组:1.take back take back?收回(前言), 承认说错了话; 取消(诺言)?;同意退回, 收回(商品); 接回, 带回?;使回到某一起点; 使回想起?如:I’m sorry, I take back what I said. 对不起,我收回我说过的话。
They wouldn’t take back the shirt. 衬衫他们不让退货。
2. take down?拿下, 取下;记[录]下来?;挫其气焰?;拆掉;吞下, 咽下?;病倒?; [口]欺骗(某人)?(1) 写下,记下。
如:He took down everything the teacher said. 他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。
I didn’t take down his phone number. 我没有记下他的电话号码。
(2) 拆下,拆掉。
如:The machine takes down easily. 这机器很容易拆。
They decided to take down the dangerous bridge. 他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。
(3)取下来Take down the picture and put up the map of the world. 摘下这张图画,挂上一幅世界地图。
3. take in 收进, 接受; 装入, 收容, 接待?;领(活)到家里做;缩短; 改小; 收(帆), 卷(帆)?;领会, 理解?;观看, 参观, 游览?;[口]轻信, 信以为真?;[口]欺骗;订阅(报刊)?;包括[含]?;拘留?(1) 收留。
如:So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条狗)。
(2) 包括。
如:The list takes in everyone. 每个人都上了名单。
(3) 理解。
如:We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
(4) 欺骗,使上当。
如:Don’t be taken in by his promises. 别被他的诺言所欺骗。
4. take off(1) 脱下。
如:Take off your wet clothes. 脱下你的湿衣服。
He took off his glasses and looked up. 他取下眼镜,抬头看了看。
Sorry! You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room. 对不起,在进入微机室之前,先要把你的鞋子脱掉。
(2) 起飞。
如:When did the plane take off? 飞机是什么时候起飞的?The plane is going to take off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。
(3) 打折扣,扣掉,去掉。
如:Can you take five dollars off the price? 你可以减价五美元吗?(4) 请假,休息。
如:I want to take a day off (from work). 我想休假一天。
5. take on(1) 聘用,雇用。
如:The company decided to take on a new secretary. 这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。
(2) 呈现,显现,具有。
如:This word had taken a new meaning. 这个词有了新的意义。
Her face took on a new expression. 她的脸上露出了新的表情。
(3) 承担或担任(工作或责任等)。
如:He advised me not to take too much work. 他劝我不要做太多的工作。
6. take over 接替,接管,继承。
如:接替,接管,继承。
如:Who will take over his job? 他的工作由谁来接替?Would you like me to take over the driving for a while? 你愿意让我接替你开一会儿车吗? 7. take to(1) 喜欢。
如:He took to Mary as soon as they met. 他一见玛丽就爱上了她。
(2) 养成习惯,沉溺于。
如:He soon took to drinking again. 不久他又喝起酒来。
不久他又喝起酒来。
(3) 去(某处)。
如:He was ill and had to take to bed. 他病倒了,只好卧床。
8. take up(1) 开始(学习或从事等)。
如:He dropped medicine and took up physics. 他放弃学医,开始学物理。
For a long time I had wanted to take up writing. 很久以来我一直想从事写作。
(2) 继续。
如:We took up our journey the next day. 第二天我们继续赶路。
This chapter takes up where the last one left off. 本章接续上一章谈到的内容。
(3) 占去(时间或空间)。
如:The table takes up too much room. 这桌子太占地方了。
The work took up all of Sunday. 这活儿占去了整个星期天。
(4) 接纳(乘客等),接受(挑战,建议,条件等)。