外交部翻译司绝密笔记符号之三
关于转发外交部《翻译专业职务
获得博士学位并已担任翻译职务2-3年的合格者;大学本科毕业或以上学历、担任翻译职务5年以上的合格者,可申报副译审。
9.行政领导一般不兼任翻译职务。确需兼任的,必须经评审委员会确认符合相应职务任职条件,并按规定的手续聘任。兼职人员应履行相应的职责。
10.翻译人员兼任行政领导职务的,任职期间工资待遇,在翻译职务工资和行政职务工资中,按较高的职务工资标准执行。
11.过去已获得相应翻译职称的人员,原则上应承认他们具备担任相应翻译专业职务的条件。在翻译专业岗位上的合格人员,要给予妥善安排,根据需要聘任他们担任相应的翻译职务,其中水平偏低的,应帮助其尽快提高水平;完全不合格的,不能承认其具备担任相应翻译职务的条件;对个别弄虚作假的,应严肃处理。
（四）译审,必须长期从事翻译或审稿、定稿工作,有广博的科学文化知识主经验丰富;有重要译著或专著、译文能表达原作的风格;工作成绩卓著,在翻译界享有声誉;熟练地掌握一门第二外语。
担任副译审5年以上的合格者可申报译审。
第四章 评审及聘任权限
第八条 翻译职务评审委员会(以下简称评审委员会)是负责评议、审定翻译人员是否符合任职条件的组织。评审委员会应以民主程序进行工作。
4.不具备单独成立评审委员会条件的单位,可以由上一级组织的评审委员会或聘请外单位专家共同组成的评审委员会承担评审任务。
5.评审委员会应由长期从事翻译工作,专业水平较高和担任高一级专业职务,经验丰富,作风正派、办事公道的人担任, 其中中、青年应占一定比例。
6.评审认定翻译专业职务的资格,必须由翻译人员本人申请,填写业务简历表,提交业务工作报告和任职条件所需的各种材料。
口译笔记速记符号归总汇总
口译笔记速记符号归总一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf（compare），Co（company），eg（for example），etc（and so on），esp（especially），ie（that is），max（maximum），min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu（usually），等。
二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicslib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.estg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语翻译笔记符号
所有人，人民群众
主权和领土完整 sovereignty and territorial integrity
⊙
会议
meeting, forum, session, seminar,
conference, symposium, committee,
association, parliament, council
1. 开始 begin, start, initiate, open, originate, launch, pioneer commence, inaugurate
2. 形成，产生，出现 establish, found, create, appear, emerge, occur, come out, break out, come into being / existence
2. 杰出 great, well-known, outstanding, remarkable, excellent, perfect, brilliant, distinguished, notable, eminent, promising, prominent, prestigious, glorious, noteworthy,
1. 交流，交换
exchange, interact, communicate
2. 关系 interaction, relation, relationship partnership
双边关系，bilateral relationship
多边关系，multilateral relationship
未来，将要, in the future 改变，变化 change, transform
果实，成果 fruit, result, accomplishment achievement
外交部翻译口译笔记VOA20091023
VOA 20091023 外交部翻译口译笔记Many people think the search for cleaner energy leads only torenewable resources like sun, wind and water.许多人认为寻找更清洁能源仅限于开采太阳，风和水等能源。
But it also leads to a fossil fuel.但是，还有一种，矿物燃料。
Natural gas is considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels, thefuels created by plant and animal remains over millions ofyears.天然气被认为最清洁的矿物燃料。
矿物燃料由植物或动物遗体经过数百万年转化而来。
Burning it releases fewer pollutants than oil or coal.燃烧天然气释放的污染物少于石油或煤炭。
The gas is mainly methane.天然气的主要成分是甲烷，It produces half the carbon dioxide of other fossil fuels.它释放出的二氧化碳气体是其他矿物燃料的一半。
So it may help cut the production of carbon gases linked toclimate change.所以，天然气也能帮助减少与气候变化有关的二氧化碳排放量。
Russia is first in what are called "proved reserves" of naturalgas.俄罗斯是首个拥有天然气“探明储备”的国家，The United States is sixth.美国是第六个。
Over the years, big oil and gas companies recovered much of the easily reached supplies of gas in America.几年来，大型石油和天然气公司已经开采了美国比较容易获得的天然气储备。
符号在口译笔记中的应用
［１］李俊杰：构建大型仪器设备 共享平台［Ｊ］．高校理科研究，２００６（４），
８５－８８．
［２］杨喜欠，张曰贤，雄国强：陕 西地方高校资源配置效率的相对
有 效 性 评 价 ［Ｊ］．统 计 与 信 息 论 坛，２００６（７）：９５－９９．
责编／云 岫 校对／黄一举
（上接第８８页）代表团的行程是 什么呢？将来时态用符号└表 示，安排的两项活动分行对齐记 录。其中，会见用开会的符号⊙ 表示，“重要人士”则简略为 “重°”。
适时建立资产调配部门并赋 予相应的职能是实现高校内部资 源共享的关键。合理配置教育资 源，提高高等教育的质量和效
益，增强高校竞争力，已成为当
前高校体制改革工作重要任 务。
总之，要按照整合、共享、 完善、提高的要求，激活设备存 量，最大限度地发挥高校内部现 有资源的潜能。要充分利用各种 教育资源，打破部门界限，建立 资源共享使用制度、措施， 建立 资源共享的计算机网络体系，形 成资源共享平台，为高校本身技 术创新和科技进步提供一个便 捷、高效、可比较的信息空间。 通过高校内部资源共享体系的建 立，实现高校内部资源共享，促 进教育投资、人力资源、 信息服 务的有效结合，提高办学效益， 同时也为高校之间以及高校与社 会之间建立资源共享平台奠定坚 实的基础，能逐步建立起高校良 好的资源配置，这对于高校长远 的改革与发展来说，将是一笔非 常宝贵的财富。
祝愿用代表酒杯的“∪”表 示，笑脸则代表“愉快的旅 途”。
（译文）根据记录下的符 号，我们可以得到初步的理解：
我相信 两国商界领导人 频 繁互访
不仅有助于两国间经贸关系 而且有助于亚太地区和世界 的经济发展 会长及代表团 将 访问 中西 部
会见商业界重要人士 我祝各位旅途愉快 我们把上述理解加以整理润 色，便可以得到如下译文： Ｉ’ ｍ ｄｅｅｐｌｙ ｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｓ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｌｅａｄｅｒｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｔｗｏ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ ａｒｅ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｃｉａｌ ｎｏｔ ｏｎｌｙ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｏｕｒ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ａｎｄ ｔｒａｄｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ， ｂｕｔ ａｌｓｏ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ａｓｉａｎ－ Ｐａｃｉｆｉｃ ｒｅｇｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ ａｓ ａ ｗｈｏｌｅ． Ｍｒ． Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｈｉｓ ｄｅｌｅｇａｔｉｏｎ ｗｉｌｌ ｖｉｓｉｔ Ｃｈｉｎａ’ｓ ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ ａｎｄ ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ａｒｅａｓ ａｎｄ ｔａｌｋ ｗｉｔｈ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｔｉｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ ｉｎ ｔｈｅｓｅ ａｒｅａｓ． Ｉ ｗｉｓｈ ｙｏｕ ａｌｌ ａ ｐｌｅａｓａｎｔ ｊｏｕｒｎｅｙ！
(完整版)口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版_方便直接背诵)
口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写二. 货币简写三．时间简写四．度量衡五. 缩略词六．较长单词的处理办法七．字母、图像、符号Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form. a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm. the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form. a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm. the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible 。
外交部高翻谈翻译-----费胜潮 张建敏 雷宁 -----对学英语和学翻译的
费胜潮（右）,湖北武汉人，毕业于武汉大学英文专业,外交部高级翻译，2006-2009在温家宝总理的记者招待会上担任翻译，费胜潮嗓音淳厚，充满磁性。
张建敏，浙江杭州人，2002担任朱镕基总理记者会的翻译，2003年担任温家宝总理记者会的翻译。
大家好！我们非常高兴有机会就外事翻译的学习与实践和大家进行交流。
感谢大家对我们翻译工作的关心。
翻译室下设三个处：英文处，法文处和培训处，集中了英、法翻译，主要负责外交文件、文书的笔译以及党和国家领导人和外交部领导外事活动的口译。
在外交部各地区司，还有其它各语种的外事翻译，他们往往身兼数职，既做翻译，又搞调研，对所学语言国家的情况了解极为深入，在不少方面都值得我们学习。
翻译室年轻人占80%以上，是一个充满朝气和活力、富有战斗力的集体。
大家重视政治学习，跟踪国内外形势，钻研业务，相互切磋，蔚然成风，生活中团结友爱，互帮互助。
近年来，在外交部领导的直接关心下，翻译室进一步加强了培训力度，使大家有了更多学习提高的机会。
我们满怀信心，在新形势下迎接各种挑战，发扬老一辈外事翻译工作者的优良作风，力争把翻译工作做得更好。
【全体嘉宾】翻译工作有什么“窍门”？你们实践经验丰富，请举例传授方法。
【Emily】Practice makes perfect. 也就是熟能生巧、业精于勤，不知这是否算是“窍门”？其次是要认真充分地进行准备，如果是接待某国外长来访，至少要事先了解该国基本情况、双边关系现状、来访主要目的、外长简历、我方立场等，有可能的话不妨查阅对方近期重要演讲和表态，以便了解其观点和语言风格，如果提前能有音像资料，则再好不过了，另外名字的读音和称呼有否特别之处，也需要留意。
此外，翻译时要灵活运用句型，学会举一反三。
例如，He is the tallest in our class 可有好几种译文：他是我们班最高的；他比班里所有同学都高；论身高，我们班谁都不及他；在我们班，大家都比他个儿矮，等等。
(2021年整理)口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总
口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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口译笔记速记符号归总目录[1］。
Note-taking symbols and abbreviations［2］。
关于缩略词[3］.关于字母和图像［4］。
用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1。
Note—taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time。
Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references。
S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g。
= exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word。
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版,方便直接背诵)
口译笔记符号大汇总之羊若含玉创作一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW 器械南北中等方位“|－”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜) ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republic ofKorea（北朝鲜）DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德) “G|”Western Europe（西欧）“|EU”二. 泉币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound ￡US dollar $Renminbi/RMB ￥Australian dollars #AAustrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar €New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen 円三．时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute ’second ’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday .dthe day before yesterday ”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday ddlast night ’n next morning m’this week w the week before last ”wMonday 1w Tuesday 2w Wednesday 3w Thursday 4wFriday 5w Saturday 6wSunday 7w this month mJanuary 1m February 2mMarch 3m April 4mMay 5m June 6mJuly 7m August 8m September 9m October 10m November 11m December 12dmtwo month ago .2m this year ytwo year later y2. 1949年前/491949年后49/ 1949岁尾4920年以后20y| century Csince/ever since ┠uo to now/ until ┫四．器量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ftminimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre Anautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least ALAdvice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAPare R Amount AMT Building BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO. Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XLFinal FNT Flight FLTFor your reference FYR Freight FRTGuarantee GUAR Good GDHome office H.O. Interested INTSTInformation INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCDinsurance INS Impossible IMPSIndividual INDIV Minimum MINMarket MKT Manufacture MANUFMessage MSG manager MGRModel MDL Memorandum MEMONo later than NLT Necessary NCRYOrdinary ORD Observe OBSObtain OBT Product PRODPatent PAT Packing PKGPlease PLS People PLPiece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL) Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六．较长单词的处理方法词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (尺度化) stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl 七．字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人ｏ右上角Janpanese日自己JPｏGovernment/govern C政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 引导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C×冲突/抵触work/employ W 工作/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral（双边的）U内填入2 trilateral (三边的) U内填入3 Unilateralism（单边主义）U内填入1 Multiple(多边主义) U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation □国度/平易近族/国土Import进口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges: ∞接洽fishery ∞ 打鱼业head of government/ company CT international/worldwide/global/universal○ 国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/开会pleasant/joyful/happy/excited J 高兴/愉快/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/惆怅/哀痛/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关怀/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/send to/present to g→ 到达/传达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→ 导致/引导come/go back to/originate ←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf← 自于launch/open/start ↗发射/投放市场/刊行develop/strengthen/promote/boost,/improve/enhance↑ 成长/增强/推进up/upward/rise/increase/ arise/ascend h↑ 上升ups and downs/twists andturns/roller coaster<< 挫折submit to ↓屈服exchange/mutual n交换amatch/rival/competitor/counter part/against VS敌手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/填补more ++/+2多的比较级most +3 多的最高等little/few/lack/in short of/be in shortage of/minus －少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈大约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 大于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass ∧高inferior to ∨低among/within ( ) 在...之间but yet however ∧转折cross out/eliminate / 否认/消除question/issue ? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to ！赞叹/特别注意matchless/peerless 无敌say/speak/talk/marks/ announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥停止right/good/famous/well-known √对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative×错误/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N不合意thought *想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely __ 强调程度under the circumstance ￣在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in other words/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠不合/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/alongwith/accompany/alongwith/further more&和/与belong to ∈属于basis of/perpendicular/ is perpendicular to ⊥…的基本therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/成果because/because of/due to ∵因为/由于/多亏hear/listen ○3 听说about ＠关于parallel // water H2O for 4 to 2 without w/o with w/ plus or minus ±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by ÷circle, circumference ○degree ℃ellipse 0 percent % diameter θper thousand ‰triangle, delta △between |.| inside/ within/include/ among, ( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡ 一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence ⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or / 或者right angle ∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountain ω山climb the mountain ω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of ·|above/on/over ～上加一点·below/beneath/under ～下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed ︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping 维p 第三世界3w。
外交部高翻谈翻译-----费胜潮 张建敏 雷宁 -----对学英语和学翻译的人都应该有点指导作用哦
邵廷娟的校友问：你是怎样完成从一名外语专业的学生到外交部高翻这一角色转换的？现在工作是否很忙？平时是怎样把学习和工作结合起来的？【峥嵘岁月】
我是1999年从北外毕业进入外交部翻译室的。首先参加了近一年的翻译室培训。这一培训分两个阶段进行，前一段时间是强化训练，由翻译室的各位前辈每天陪我们做大量的听力、口译和笔译的练习；第二阶段是在工作中培训，参加一些笔译初稿和不太重要的口译活动。培训结束后，才算成为翻译室真正的一员。这一年的培训对于我从学生到外交部翻译的角色转变至关重要，也为以后参加工作打下了必要的基础。首先，在培训中语言水平得到了很大提高，无论是听力还是口语。与大学时漫无目的的学习不同，在工作中有目标、有重点的学习更加有效率，而且把各位前辈当作楷模，也有了不断激励自己努力的方向。其次，在培训中亲身体会外事翻译严谨的作风和政治敏感度，了解外事翻译的特性，领导的要求极为严格，自己对自己的要求也更加严格。再次，在培训中树立高度的组织纪律观念，培养团队精神。当然，培训的结束不代表可以一劳永逸，随着工作的展开，自己就会给自己不断提出更高的标准，自身的完善无论在哪个岗位上都是永无止境的。【邵廷娟】
谢谢你对外交翻译感兴趣。我们欢迎大家踊跃报考。我想首先还是应该把各方面的基础打好，特别是语言基本功。同时，要注重拓宽自己的知识面，培养广泛的兴趣。养成关心时事的良好习惯也很重要。【张建敏】
外事翻译工作的场合主要是各种外交、外事场合。其翻译的内容就决定了它具有有别于其他领域翻译的特点：政治性和政策性强。无论是口译还是笔译，外事翻译的内容多是国家的立场、政策，较为敏感。稍有差错，就可能影响到一个国家的利益、形象、声誉及其国际关系等。周恩来总理在讲到翻译工作时指出外事翻译必须具备的三方面的基本功：一是政治思想的基本功，也就是说翻译要有一定的政治水平；二是语言本身的基本功；三是各方面的文化知识。所以，外事翻译在日常的工作学习实践中就要注意政治学习、了解政策，提高政策水平；多听、多读、多写，提高外语水平；同时要扩大知识面，掌握必要的地理、历史和自然科学的常识，掌握一些经贸、科技方面的词汇。还要不断更新自己的知识，与时俱进。【邵廷娟】
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版,方便直接背诵)
笔译笔记符号年夜汇总之公保含烟创作一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW 东西南北中等方位“|－”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜) ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republic ofKorea（北朝鲜）DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德) “G|”Western Europe（西欧）“|EU”二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound ￡US dollar $Renminbi/RMB ￥Australian dollars #AAustrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar €New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen 円三．时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute ’second ’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday .dthe day before yesterday ”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday ddlast night ’n next morning m’this week w the week before last ”wMonday 1w Tuesday 2w Wednesday 3w Thursday 4wFriday 5w Saturday 6wSunday 7w this month mJanuary 1m February 2mMarch 3m April 4mMay 5m June 6mJuly 7m August 8m September 9m October 10m November 11m December 12dmtwo month ago .2m this year ytwo year later y2. 1949年前/491949年后49/ 1949年底4920年以后20y| century Csince/ever since ┠uo to now/ until ┫四．度量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ftminimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre Anautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least ALAdvice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAPare R Amount AMT Building BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO. Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XLFinal FNT Flight FLTFor your reference FYR Freight FRTGuarantee GUAR Good GDHome office H.O. Interested INTSTInformation INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCDinsurance INS Impossible IMPSIndividual INDIV Minimum MINMarket MKT Manufacture MANUFMessage MSG manager MGRModel MDL Memorandum MEMONo later than NLT Necessary NCRYOrdinary ORD Observe OBSObtain OBT Product PRODPatent PAT Packing PKGPlease PLS People PLPiece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL) Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六．较长单词的处置法子词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (标准化) stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl 七．字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人ｏ右上角Janpanese日自己JPｏGovernment/govern C政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 指导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C×抵触/矛盾work/employ W 任务/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral（双边的）U内填入2 trilateral (三边的) U内填入3 Unilateralism（单边主义）U内填入1 Multiple(多边主义) U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation □国度/民族/领土Import出口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges: ∞联络fishery ∞ 打鱼业head of government/ company CT international/worldwide/global/universal○ 国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/闭会pleasant/joyful/happy/excited J 开心/快乐/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/难过/哀痛/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关心/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/send to/present to g→ 抵达/转达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→ 招致/引导come/go back to/originate ←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf← 自于launch/open/start ↗发射/投放市develop/strengthen/promote/ ↑ 开展/增强/推进场/发行boost,/improve/enhanceup/upward/rise/increase/ arise/ascend h↑ 上升ups and downs/twists andturns/roller coaster<< 挫折submit to ↓屈服exchange/mutual n交流amatch/rival/competitor/counter part/against VS对手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/弥补more ++/+2多的比拟级most +3 多的最初级little/few/lack/in short of/be in shortage of/minus －少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈年夜约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 年夜于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass ∧高inferior to ∨低among/within ( ) 在...之间but yet however ∧转折cross out/eliminate / 否认/消除question/issue ? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to ！惊叹/特别注意matchless/peerless 无敌say/speak/talk/marks/ announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥完毕right/good/famous/well-known √对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative×毛病/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N分歧意thought *想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely __ 强调水平under the circumstance ￣在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in other words/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠分歧/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/alongwith/accompany/alongwith/further more&和/与belong to ∈属于basis of/perpendicular/ is perpendicular to ⊥…的根底therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/后果because/because of/due to ∵因为/由于/多hear/listen ○3 听说亏about ＠关于parallel // water H2O for 4 to 2 without w/o with w/ plus or minus ±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by ÷circle, circumference ○degree ℃ellipse 0 percent % diameter θper thousand ‰triangle, delta △between |.| inside/ within/include/ among, ( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡ 一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence ⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or / 或许right angle ∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountain ω山climb the mountain ω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of ·|above/on/over ～上加一点·below/beneath/under ～下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed ︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping 维p 第三世界3w。
中级速记口译符号+外交部 口译司专用符号
、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
MTI翻译硕士口译必看：常用速记符号
常用速记符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≤大于或等于≥等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于∈胜利V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是=＞促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要**坚持≡关键！奇观!有关@替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。
费正潮揭秘外交部翻译真实状况
费正潮揭秘外交部翻译真实状况2010年03月26日09:43沪江英语网我要评论(5)字号：T|T有人说：“翻译就像一只美丽的天鹅，它的上半身，永远都是亭亭玉立，妩媚动人，而你看不到的下半身，则在水中不停地扑腾。
”对于咱们普通百姓而言，给领导人当翻译是很风光，也是很神秘的。
那么，他们究竟有着什么样的工作经历？今天，外交部翻译室英文处处长费胜潮就带着我们走近外交部翻译室的高级翻译，来聆听他们的故事。
总理喊话翻译也得铆足劲翻译他人的话语是平实的，还是富有感情的？曾多次为党和国家领导人提供翻译服务的费胜潮认为，通常来看，做一名有感情的翻译是必要的，“当他人的话语富有感情时，作为一名翻译是不可能处在平淡的感情状态中的。
”在这方面，费胜潮就有着自己的经历。
虽然时隔一年多，但是他回忆起当时跟随温家宝总理到汶川映秀的情景，仍然觉得就发生在昨天。
那是2008年5月24日的映秀，温家宝总理在震后的废墟上会见了中外记者，费胜潮担任翻译。
现在他还记得当时温家宝总理的话语：“这场地震举世关注，因为它是一起罕见的地震，其强度之大、范围之广、破坏之重，都是前所未有的。
我们正在紧张地进行抗震救灾工作。
”温总理的话让当时的中外记者听到了信心，听到了希望，“希望你们三个月以后来看这里，这里会更加有序，三年以后来看这里，这里会建设得更好！”费胜潮说：“当时总理就举着一个喊话器在喊话，由于我要记笔记，一位同事主动帮我举着另一个喊话器。
总理的话十分振奋人心，我翻译的时候也特别注意选择合适的词语和句型，并铆足力气，提高音量，倾注感情，尽可能把总理讲话的深情和感染力传递出去。
”“三个代表、科学发展观”怎么翻作为一名高级翻译，怎样译好一些有中国特色的词汇，特别是政治词汇，这也是他们要思索的问题。
费胜潮坦言，这是翻译中的一个难点。
曾经有一些人士建议，翻译这些中国特有词汇的时候就采用“拼音化”，比如说“三个代表”就翻译成“san ge dai biao”，但是这一建议并没有得到认可。
高级口译-笔记符号
建立自己的笔录符号系统为什么要用笔录符号笔录符合是“口译标准”的具体体现。
在口译工作当中，笔录的目的并不是为了把说话人的每一个字都记下来，而是帮助口译人员回忆起原文，再现其中的信息，并不是保留原文。
因此笔录符号的重要功能是一种视觉提示符号，因此是一种提高效率的方式。
口译证书考试听力中，笔录能力是贯穿始终的一种关键能力。
离开了笔录，填空、选择、听译题目都无法取得好成绩。
因此请同学们务必重视。
如何提高笔录能力事实表明，口译学习中的许多环节都是不能想当然的。
学习者如果没有亲自去体会的话，往往不会明白其中的道理。
自信不等于可以减少努力。
这里推荐给大家一些有效的训练方法。
缩略语法缩略语有标准的和非标准的。
标准的缩略语大家可以再词典等工具书的索引、目录中查到。
例如：1.adjective 形容词adj2.adverb 副词advanization 组织orgernment 政府govcation 教育edu请分析下它们的构成规律。
非标准的缩略语大多数是可以自己定义的。
比如说写某个单词的一部分，也叫“以偏概全法”；或者用某个单词的辅音来代替整个单词保留辅音，这也叫“辅音字母法”。
原词缩略词apartment aptaccountant accaccording acdgaccept acptadvertisement adaddress adsadvice advas much/many as possible amapamount amtbalance balbuilding bldgcertificate certcompete/competitive cmpecommunication cmucompany co.department deptdiscount discexchange exchextent extinformation infoin stead of i/oi owe you ioumodel mdlmemorandum memominimum minmarket mktmessage msgpacking pkgpeople plplease plsreference refsection secstandard stdtelephone telthough thothanks tkstraffic trfweight wtextra large xlmarket mkt:manager mgr:message msg:standard std:receive rcv:market mkt:练习：请写出以下词语的缩略语：English Chinese Abbreviation 6.out of interest (没有兴趣)7.out to lunch (外出用餐)8.point of view (观点)9.real life (现实生活)10.standard operating procedure (标准作业程序)11.to be expected (敬请期待)参考答案：1.OOI2.OTL3.POV4.RL5.SOP6.TBE领头字母法请写出以下词语的缩略语：informationinsuranceexchangeI owe youIn stead of参考答案INFOINSEXCHIOUI/O首位字母法请写出以下词语的缩略语：weekroompeople参考答案WKRMPL发音字母法请写出以下词语的缩略语：are Rthough THOthrough THRU参考答案RTHOTHRU视觉符号法大家可以根据自己的喜好，从数学、物理、化学等学科中借用符合来提高笔录速度。
口译笔记中常用速记符号
口译笔记中常用速记符号小于＜小于或等于≤大于或等于≥等于、意味着 =不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀 ;高兴、荣兴 (错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意 N同意 Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★胜利 V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是 =＞促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突 ><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要 ** 坚持≡关键！奇观 !有关 @替换为∽与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△杨洁篪外长新闻发布会核心英语词汇2010年3月7日，杨洁篪外长的新闻发布会核心词汇：入门级：1. 哥本哈根会议 Copenhagen (climate) conference2. 国际金融危机 international financial crisis3. 国际格局 international situation (其实这里的“格局”不用很复杂，situation比pattern或configuration更直接)4. 国际关系民主化 democratization of international relations5. 气候变化 climate change6. 能源资源安全 energy resources security7. 公共卫生安全 public health security8. 峰会外交 summit diplomacy9. 世博外交 Expo diplomacy10. 前所未有的机遇 unprecedented opportunities11. 核心利益 core interests12. 分歧和摩擦 differences and friction13. 战略互惠关系 strategic reciprocal relations14. 区域融合 regional integration15. 政治互信 political mutual trust16. 务实合作 pragmatic cooperation17. 匹兹堡峰会 Pittsburg Summit18. G20机制 G20 mechanism19. 贸易保护主义 trade protectionism20.多哈回合谈判 Doha round negotiations21. 中阿合作论坛 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation22.施压 pressure (直接作及物动词用，后接宾语)23.制裁 sanction24.伊朗核问题 the nuclear issue of Iran25.上海合作组织 Shanghai Cooperation Organization26.毒品走私 drug smuggling27. 公众开放日 public open day28.外交部 Foreign Ministry29.国际劳动妇女节100周年 100th anniversary of the International Women's Day30.取长补短 draw on each other's strength进阶级:31. 冷战思维 Cold War mentality32. 零和博弈 zero-sum game33. 免关税 tariff exemption34. 拿…来“说事” to make an issue out of…（这里必须意译，这是现场译员的版本。
口译笔记符号讲座
• • • • • •
Dc =developed countries 发达国家 dc =developing countries 发展中国家 edl=educational level 教育水平 inl =investment level 投资水平 H =health 建康 C =be conducive to 对促进。。。有积极作用
• U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协 议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成 功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。如果 在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为 bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为 trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个 “/”××××表示谈判破裂。 O 表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等： country, state, nation, etc. • gO表示进口，Og表示出口 • T 表示“领导人”：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表 示为 CT
2 . Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. 3. Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the
• Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition