Assignmen1(广告文本的翻译)
Reference Translation (RT) of Assignment 1
Reference Translation (RT) of Assignment 1:Grading policy:One sentence accounts for 1 point, therefore 10 points totally for Assignment 1.For each sentence,-basic meaning of the whole sentence: 0.5-translation of the key word: 0.51.You are welcome to send for our free catalogue.RT: 欢迎您来函索取我们的免费目录。
Key word: send: cause sth to be taken without going oneselfPurpose: correct understanding of “send”2.The set of equipment is quite late arrivals for doctors to use.RT: 这是供医生使用的一套新型设备。
Key word: late: (esp. attribute) recent 最新的; 最近的Purpose: meaning selection of “late”3.I questioned the wisdom of her going there with Tim.RT: 我怀疑她和Tim去那儿是否明智/是否是明智的举动。
Key word: wisdom: (智慧/明智具体翻译为)明智的举动Purpose: concretion of “wisdom”4.She is being polite.RT: 她只是一时客套一下。
（在特殊语境中或可译为：她只是装得很有礼貌。
）Key word: being:这里强调只是现下，隐含”她平时不这样”。
Purpose: translation of inflected form “being”5.He had a sound feeling that idioms were the backbone of language and he was allfor the racy phrases.RT: 他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，他的想法是很有道理的。
assignment词根词缀
在撰写一篇关于“assignment”词根词缀的文章之前，让我们先深入了解一下这个主题。
我们需要了解“assignment”是什么意思，以及它的词根和词缀分别代表什么含义。
接下来，我们将探讨“assignment”在不同领域和语境中的应用，以及它所涉及的深层含义和广泛影响。
我们会回顾和总结所学内容，以便全面和深刻地理解“assignment”这一主题。
1. “assignment”是什么意思？“assignment”这个词源自拉丁词根“assignare”，意为“指派”或“分派”。
在英文中，这个词通常表示指定特定的任务、工作或责任给某人，也可以指分配特定的任务或活动。
“assignment”还可以指代布置的作业、任务或项目。
2. 词根词缀含义解析在“assignment”这一词中，“assign-”是词根，代表指派或分派的意思。
而后缀“-ment”则表示名词形式，将动词转化为名词，表示行为、结果或状态。
我们可以理解“assignment”为指派的行为或状态，或指派所得到的任务、职责或作业。
3. “assignment”在不同领域和语境中的应用在教育领域，“assignment”通常指代老师布置给学生的作业或任务。
而在职场中，“assignment”可能指派给员工的特定责任或工作任务。
在法律上，“assignment”也具有特定的含义，指代将权利或债务转让给他人的行为。
在项目管理、军事领域等领域中，“assignment”也有着特定的应用和含义。
4. 个人观点和理解在我看来，“assignment”不仅仅是简单的任务分配，它背后蕴含着领导能力、责任担当和团队合作的重要意义。
在现代社会中，“assignment”更多地呈现为一种团队协作和角色分工的体现，是一种高效管理和资源配置的重要手段。
5. 总结和回顾通过本文的探讨，我们对“assignment”这一主题有了全面、深刻和灵活的理解。
我们了解了它的词根词缀含义、不同领域和语境中的应用，以及个人观点和理解。
广告文本的英译基本知识
广告文本的英译基本知识Introducing the Basics of Translating an Advertisement TextTranslating an advertisement text requires careful consideration of cultural nuances, effective marketing techniques, and clear communication. Here are some basic knowledge and tips to successfully translate an advertisement text:1. Cultural Understanding:- Familiarize yourself with the target culture's values, beliefs, and preferences.- Adapt the message and tone to resonate with the target audience. - Avoid any cultural references that may be offensive or misunderstood.2. Direct Translation vs. Localization:- Decide whether a direct translation or localization is more suitable for the target audience.- Direct translation maintains the original text's meaning, while localization adapts it to match the local culture.3. Clear and Compelling Message:- Maintain the essence and intention of the original message.- Use concise and engaging language to grab the attention of the target audience.- Highlight the product or service's unique selling points in a persuasive manner.4. Adaptation for Marketing Techniques:- Understand the advertising tactics commonly used in the targetmarket.- Adjust the text to leverage techniques that are effective in the local market.- Consider using different formats, slogans, or visuals to resonate with the target audience.5. Grammar, Style, and Tone:- Ensure grammatical accuracy in the translation.- Reflect the original text's style, whether formal, informal, humorous, or serious.- Tailor the tone to match the desired emotional response from the target audience.6. Professional Translators:- Engage professional translators or agencies experienced in advertising translations.- Quality assurance measures should be in place to avoid any errors or inaccuracies.7. Testing and Feedback:- Conduct market research or user testing to gather feedback on the translated advertisement text.- Analyze the responses received, considering any necessary modifications or improvements.Remember, translating an advertisement requires more than just words; it requires a deep understanding of the target culture and effective marketing techniques. By following these basic principles, you can create enticing and persuasive advertisements that successfully communicate your message to the intended audience.当涉及到翻译广告文本时，需要仔细考虑文化细微差别、有效的营销技巧以及清晰的沟通。
广告文本的英译
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转译法是指舍弃原商标的意义和发音，为该产品重新设计一个在译语语言和 文化中具有良好传播效果的商标。例如“正广和”纯净水的英文商标是 AQUARIUS,意思是十二星座中的水瓶座。虽然这个译名与原商标在发音和意 义上都不相同，但它的寓意“瓶中之水”与该公司的产品有很高的契合度。
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音译法是翻译商标的另一种常见方法，它又可细分为两种情况：①直接套用商标的汉语拼音；② 运用英语发音规则摹写商标发音。
很多国内知名商标的英译都采取了直接套用商标汉语拼音的方法，如“波司登”（Bosideng）、“安 踏”（Anta）等等。这种方法简便易行，而且商标发音在国内国际市场一致有利于产品树立统一的 品牌形象。然而很多西方人不熟悉汉语拼音，不知道这一类的英译商标该如何发音。这从某种程 度上影响了西方受众对该品牌的接受，是该译法的弊端所在。
《广告文体的翻译》PPT课件
理解（Comprehension）、
说服（Conviction）、
行动（Action）
其中最主要的是劝说功能，起到最大的 诱导说服作用，来影响更大的消费群体， 其他功能起辅助作用。
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随着经济全球化的发展，广告宣传国际 化的趋势将会越来越明显、越来 越激烈。 无论是中国企业还是外国企业，都存在 着一个广告国际化、全球化的问题，也 就是商品广告的翻译问题。国际性商品 广告 翻译应当充分考虑产品销售对象的 语言习惯、文化积淀与心理定式以便更 好地为企业 服务、更好地推销商品。
（一）词汇特征
在文字使用上，广告用语简洁、生动、 形象，富有感情色彩和感染力。有时， 为了突出产品的新、奇、特的个性特征， 广告的设计者往往借助于文字的功能和 魅力来吸引顾客，例如故意使用错别字、 杜撰新词或者错乱搭配等方式来增强广 告的魅力，以引起顾客的关注。
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广告的词语特点
• 广告英语用词与普通英语有着较大的 区别。广告英语的创作遵循AIDA原则， 即ATTENTION引起注意 → INTEREST 激发兴趣 → DESIRE刺激需求 → ACTION采取行动。要说动对方，你首先 要引起对方的注意（ATTENTION），令 他产生兴趣（INTEREST）。
What can you do at a ski resort in summer?
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在句子结构上，广告语言多采用简单结构的句 子，有时甚至出现无动词的句子，注重口语化。 例如：
Is microwave cooking fast?
You bet!
I love it!
Beef: real food for real people. 有时广告英语中还使用简短、有力的口号式
Advertisement广告专业术语_中英文)
广告专业术语-中英文AAAA America Association of Advertising 美国／广告代理商协会advertising 广告、广告活动advocacy advertising 倡导型广告Account Executive 客户主管Account planning 客户策划Account Services 客户部Advertise 广告主Advertising Department 企业广告部agency 广告代理商Art Director 美术指导Assistant Partner 董事助理bid [bid] 广告竞标business-to-business advertising (B2B advertising) B2B广告brand image 品牌映象capitalism 资本本主义，资本运营commercial advertising 商业广告communication process 传播过程comparative advertising 比较广告consumer advertising 消费品广告consumerism 消费模式customer 顾客Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行长官Chief Financial Officer(CFO ) 首席财务官client 客户Copywriter 广告撰告人Creative Department 创作部Creative Director 创意总监deceptive advertising 虚假广告department 部门design 设汁稿data 数据director 主管end-user 最终用户、实际使用者industrial advertising 工业广告institutional advertising 社团机构广告Management Supervisor 管理监督Market share 市场占有率Marketing 营销Media Department 媒介部media planning 媒体策划media 媒介national advertising 全国性广告noncommercial advertising 非商业广告pitch 提案professional advertising 业服务型广告public service advertising(PSA) 公益广告puffery 吹捧式的广告qualitative 定性的quantitative 定量的Research Department 调查部retail advertising 零售商广告Sister agency 同属同-集团的广告公司supplier 制作公司Traffic Department 流程协调部Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Campaign 广告攻势Commercial 影视广告片coupon 赠券、折价券logo 品牌标识magazine 杂志media budge 媒体预算media mix 媒体组合medium 媒体(指某个媒体)metropolitan 大都会的outdoor 户外媒体promotion 推广用品public relations(PR．) 公共关系radio 广播媒体Situation Analysis 背景分析Slogan 广告口号Television program 电视节目Website [websait] 主页，网站Drive-time 交通高峰时间So big 做大Numbers 数据Yeah 是的(对啦)A priori 先验估汁(演绎法)A posteriori 实测值(归纳法)Code 编号debranding 品牌屏蔽测试depth Interview 深度访谈desk research 案头调研dichotomous question 两分问题double-barreled question 两难问题double-blind 双盲测试(指实验组和对照组) fatigue bias 疲劳偏差fieldwork 现场调查focus group 焦点小组interview 访谈market research 市场调查mystery shopping 以购物为掩护的调查observation 观察panel 重复凋查样本群participant 参与者population 总人口，总体sample 抽样误差skew 歪曲survey 调查tabulation 统计制表boil down to 归结为hard-and-fast 明确易懂pretty much 大致上analysis 分析community relation 社区关系competitor 竞争者、对于content integration 软性广告cost effective 广告成本效益creative 创意government relations 政府关系grass roots marketing 贴身式营销industry 行业integrated marketing communication 整合营销传播litigation 起沂，诉讼markets 市场组合media service 媒介代理merger 企业合并online advertising 在线广告point-of-purchase （pop）焦点广告position 定位print 平面广告媒体publics 公众群体strategic philanthropy 策略性公益事业strategy 策略、策划target audience 目标受众web design 网站设计digital 数字化co-marketing 联袂营销conference 会议consulting 咨询corporate identity 企业识别culture-specific 文化(民族)特性demographic marketing 人口统汁特征营销direct mail(DM) 直邮广告direct marketing 直销event planning 活动策划exhibition stand 展台integrated branding 整合品牌传播internal corporate communications 企业内部沟通investor relations 股东关系nontraditional 非传统的packaging 包装product placement 产品涉入promotion 活动psychographic 心理统汁的retail 零售retail space 零售市场区域sales promotion 促销活动sponsorship 赞助trade channels 业务渠道vertical publications 行业刊物viral marketing 传染式营销best face forward 展现最佳面貌speak with One voice 统一传播口径the edge 优势top to bottom 自上而下Billboard 广告路牌Blow in card 报刊广告插页Bulldog edition 报纸的早发版Car card [ka：ka：d] 车厢广告Counter advertising 异议式、对抗式广告Display advertisement 陈列式广告Electric spectacular 霓虹灯广告Free-standing insert 非装订广告插页House organ 企业专刊(杂志)Insert 广告插页Island display(超市内)堆头式陈列mail-order advertising 邮购广告network 电(视)台网out-of-home advertising 家外媒体painted bulletin 手绘广告牌panel 广告牌pass-along reader 传阅读者poster panel 用印刷画面拼贴的广告牌shelf screamers 货架插件广告物supplementary media 辅助媒体(非大众传媒) vehicle 广告载体count out 清点，算出make it through the day 过一整天pass．．．off to 把……给出pass-along reader 传阅读者poster panel 用印刷四画面拼贴的广告牌shelf screamers 货架插件广告物supplementary media 辅助媒体vehicle 广告载体count to 清点，算出make it through the day 过一整天pass．．．off to 把……给出ad planning 广告策划admen 广告人appeal 诉求consumer behavior 消费者行为copy platform 文案大纲creative stratgy 创意策略DAGMAR 广告效果评估体系Day part 时段Decay constant 衰退常数hierarchy-of-effect theory 效果层级理论infomercial 电视直销节日market profile 市场状况market segmentation 市场细分persuasion process 劝服过程primary demand advertising 品类诉求广告product-related segmentation 产品消费量细分seasonality 季节性selective demand advising 选样性诉求(品牌)广告soft sell 软销，感受型广告strategic planning 战略策划teaser campaign 悬念式(调味)广告攻势rule-of thumb 经验法则brand manager 品牌经理corporate advising 企业广告family brand 多品类品牌generic brand 非名牌(产品)green advertising 绿色策略式广告image advertising 形象广告line 产品系列name-brand 名牌national brand 全国性品牌parity 同等private brand 零售商自有品牌product different 产品差异product management品牌管理product positioning 产品定位reference group 参照组tagline (广告)行动口号top -the -line 顶级的trade character 吉祥物utility 好处，用途really do something with 确实能用它做些文章zccumulation 受众数(特定周期内)audience duplication 重复受众brand development index 品牌成长指数category development index(CDI) 销量成长指数coverage 覆盖率，覆盖范围cumulative coverage 累计（总）覆盖率exposure 告显露次数frequency 广告频次gross audience 受众总量gross impression 总印象gross rating points 总收视点loyalty index 忠诚度mags 杂志(简写)media concentration theory 媒体集合理论media dominance theory 媒介优势理论media plan 媒体计划net unduplicated audience 受众participation 参与program delivery rate 节目到达率reach 到达turnover 受众流失overall 全部的rerunning numbers 复核---的数据archetype 标准受众，原型availability 空余时段back- to-back 广告连播chain break 节目提示标板circulation 发行量continuity 持续型排期continuous advertising 持续型广告fresh 新颖的fringe time 非黄金时段holding power 节目(频道)凝聚力holdover audience 既有观众inherited audience 既有观众open end 节日提示语广告时段piggyback 同一客户广告连播prime time 黄金时报pulsing 栏栅式(或间隔式)排期roadblock 拦路广告run-of-schedule(ROS) 非指定时段staggered schedule 交错排期wave scheduling 波浪式排期wear out 广告磨损ln lieu Of 代替buried position 被淹没的广告位column inch 栏／英寸(报纸广告单位) double truck 双页／，告(跨页) facing 一个广告牌(户外媒体单位) franchised position 专用广告位置insertion 平面媒体广告次数insertion order 广告版位定购island position 独立广告版位lifestyle segmentation 生活形态细分local advertising 地方性广告make good 补偿广告media buy 媒体购买media buying service 媒体购买代理narrow casting 小范围播放(窄播) preferred position 首选广告版位readership 读者人数representative 媒体销售代表run-of-press 随意安置的广告版位split run 分版刊登spread[spred] 杂志跨页card rate 广告市价combination 套装广告价controlled circulation 定向发行量cost per point(CPP) 每收视点成本cost per thousand(CPM) 每千人成本earn rate 媒体折扣价flat rate 统一价格grid card 电波广告刊例guaranteed circulation 承诺发行量horizontal publication 横向出版物AA（Account Assistant）客户助理Action Plan 行动方案AD（Account Director）客户总监Add Value 附加价值Ads（Advertisement）广告Advertorial付费软文AE（Account Executive）客户代表、客户主任Agency 代理商AM（Account Manager）客户经理Analysis Tools分析工具Announcement 公告Annual Report年报AP (Asia-Pacific) 亚太区AR List 任务清单ATL (Above the Line) 线上活动Attachment附件Audience Awareness公众认知度Auto Industry 汽车行业Awareness 认知Background Analysis 背景分析Background material 背景材料Benchmark测试基准BI (Behavior Identity)企业行为识别系统Bidding 竞标Bio个人简历Boilerplate公司简介（附在新闻稿后面的关于该公司的简短介绍）Brand Communications Strategy品牌传播战略Brand Loyalty品牌忠诚度Brand Management Commission品牌管理委员会Brand Management Consulting Firm品牌管理顾问公司Brand Management品牌管理Brand Planning/Designing品牌策划/设计Brand Positioning Survey品牌定位调查Brand Positioning 品牌定位Brand Promotion品牌推广Branding Strategy品牌战略Briefing Kit资料包Briefing情况介绍BTL (Below the Line) 线下活动BU （Business Unit）业务部门Bulletin公告栏Bundle 附赠品Business E-Mail 商务电邮Business Model商业计划Business Philosophy 经营哲学Business Strategy 经营战略Campaign 公关或营销活动Career Development 职业发展Career Planning职业计划Case study案例研究Category 类别Celebration 庆典活动CEO Reputation Management CEO声誉管理CEO's Arrangement CEO接待Channel 渠道Chart 幻灯片中的页面China Golden Awards For Excellence in Public Relations中国最佳公共关系案例大赛China International Public Relations Congress中国国际公共关系大会CI（Corporate Identity）企业形象CIPRA（China International Public Relations Association）中国国际公共关系协会CIS （Corporate Identity Sysetm）企业形象识别系统Client Database Management客户数据管理Client Oriented Strategy客户导向战略Client Relations Development System客户关系开发系统Client Relations Evaluation System客户管理评价系统Client Relations Maintenance System客户关系维护系统Client Relations Management System客户关系管理系统Client Relations Management客户管理管理Client Relations Precaution System客户管理预警系统Client Relations Supporting System客户管理支持系统Client Relations客户关系Client Satisfaction Management客户满意度管理Clipping Report剪报报告Closing Phase结束阶段Code of Conduct行为准则Code of Ethics 职业道德Communication Model 传播模式Communications Kit新闻夹Communications Management 传播管理Communications Regions传播地域Communications Strategy传播战略Community Relations社区关系Competitor竞争对手Confidential 保密的、机密的Confidential Items保密条款Consecutive Interpretation交互式翻译Consultant顾问Consumer Buying Process 顾客购买过程Consumer Database顾客数据Consumer Orientation消费者导向Consumers/Dealers Assembly用户/经销商大会Contact Person 联系人Continuous Education继续教育Controlling Phase 控制阶段Coordination Communicating协调沟通Copywriter 文案Copywriting公关文案Core Competitiveness核心竞争力Core Media核心媒体Corporate Affairs企业事务Corporate Image企业形象Corporate Profile公司简介Corporate Reputation企业声誉Corporate Video 宣传片Cost Control成本控制Cost Management成本管理Creative & Design创意设计Credential公司或个人简介Crisis Control 危机控制Crisis Management Office危机管理办公室Crisis Management Planning危机管理策划Crisis Management Team危机管理小组Crisis Management危机管理Crisis Research危机研究Crisis Statement危机声明Customer testimonial客户证言Datasheet宣传页Decoration 现场布置（装饰）Demand GenerationDemo Booth 产品演示台Diagnosis诊断Director总监Distributor 分销商DM （Direct mailing ）直邮Domain Name Registration 域名注册Donation捐赠EC（East China)华东Editorial Calendar媒体刊登计划Effective Communications有效传播Employee Compensation员工薪酬Employee Relations员工关系Environment Analysis环境分析Environment Issues环境问题Ethics of the Profession 职业道德Event Management事件管理Event Planning 事件策划Event事件、活动Executing Phase 执行阶段Execution 执行Executive President 执行总裁Fact Sheet资料（数字或其他材料）FAQ 常见问题问答Fashion Business时尚产业Feature article 深度文章Feature文章类型中的通讯Finance Management财务管理Financial Communications财经传播Flyer 宣传单页Follow-up跟进Forum 论坛GCG（Grand China）大中国区Glossary词汇表Government Affairs政府事务Government PR 政府公关Government Relations政府关系Govt （Government）政府Graphics图形文件Greetings问候语Health Care医疗保健High Tech高科技Hospital PR 医院公关Human Resource Management人力资源管理IMC (Integrated Marketing Communications)整合营传播Implementation实施Incentive Plan激励计划Industry Participation行业参与Initiating Phase 初始阶段INPUTS Evaluation Tools输入级评估工具Integration Management整合管理Interactive PR 网上互动公关Internal Magazine内部期刊Internal Communications System内部传播系统Internal Communications内部传播Internal Film内部电影Internal PR 内部公关International PR国际公关Internet Communications网络传播Internet Media Communications 网媒传播Interpersonal Communications人际传播Interpreter翻译Interview 专访或面试Introduction Lantern宣传幻灯Investor Relations投资者关系Invitation Letter 邀请IPR（Institute of Public Relations）英国公共关系协会IPRA（International Public Relations Association）国际公共关系协会Issue Diagnosis问题诊断Issues Management问题管理ISV （Individual Software Vendor）独立软件开发商Job Evaluation绩效考核Journalist记者Key Media关键媒体Key Messages 关键信息Keynote Speaker主题演讲人Keynote Speech主题演讲LA（ Large Account）大客户LE （Large Enterprise）大客户Leadership 领导者Legal Duty法律义务Life Cycle of the Products 产品生命周期Lobby游说Logo标识Long Term Program长期项目Lucky Draw 抽奖Marcomm（Marketing Communications）营销传播Market Analysis Report市场分析报告Marketing Communications Mix营销传播组合Marketing Communications营销传播Marketing Strategy 市场营销战略Marketshare 市场份额Mass Media大众媒体MB（Medium business）中客户MC（Master of Ceremonies）主持人MC（Middle China）华中MD（Managing Director）董事总经理、执行董事Media Assistant媒介助理Media Analysis媒体分析Media Communications Strategy媒体传播战略Media Communications媒体传播Media Coverage 媒体覆盖率Media Director 媒介总监Media Executive媒介代表、媒介主任Media Inquiry媒体垂询Media Kit媒体资料包Media List媒体名单Media Manager媒介经理Media Monitor媒体监测Media Relations媒介关系Media Research媒体研究Media Tour媒体拜访或媒体外出巡游Media媒体Meeting Agenda会议议程Meeting Minutes 会议记录Merchandise促销物品Methodology方法论MI (Mind Identity)企业理念识别MI（Media Index)企业媒体声望指数Mindshare 品牌影响力份额Miscellaneous 杂费Monthly Report月报Multifunctional Task Force多职能任务小组National Standards of the PR Professional Qualification国家公共关系职业资格标准NC（North China）华北NE （Northeast China）东北Negative Report负面报道New Product Launch新产品发布News Clipping新闻剪报News Release新闻发布Newsletter通讯No-profit PR 非营利机构公关Norms of Excellent PR Management 卓越公共关系管理标准NW（Northwest China）西北Objective Diagnosis目标诊断Offering 服务内容On Site现场Online Advertisement 线上广告Online Communications线上传播Online Marketing Communications 线上营销传播Online media网络媒体Online Roadshow 网上路演Online Survey网上调查OOP（Out-of-Pocket）杂费、日常工作发生的成本Open-day Visits开放日参观Opinion Leader舆论领袖OUTCOMES Evaluation Tools输出级评估工具OUTPUTS Evaluation Tools效果级评估工具Outsourcing 外包OV（One Voice）一个声音Photo Library图片库Planning Phase 策划阶段Polish文案润色POP (Point Of Purchase Advertising) 导购点广告Positioning定位Post Event 善后工作Poster 海报Postmortem 会后书面的简短总结报告Postscript后记PR Agency公关公司PR Consulting Market公关顾问服务市场PR Consulting Practice公关顾问实务PR Consulting Service公关顾问服务PR Consulting Tools公关顾问工具PR Directorr 公共关系总监PR Evaluation公关评估PR Event 公关活动PR Guideline公关方针PR Management Working Code公关管理工作准则PR Manager 公共关系经理PR Procedure公关流程PR Proposal公关建议书PR Supervisor 公共关系主管Pre Event前期工作Pre-evaluation 预评估Preface前言Presentation 演示、陈述President 总裁Press Conference新闻发布会Press Kit媒体新闻夹Press Release新闻稿Print Media平面媒体Priority 优先的Procurement Management预警管理Product Test产品评测Profession Responsibility 职业义务Professional Association 专业协会Professional Certification 职业认证Professional Consultant 专业顾问Professional fee专业服务费Professional Grading专业等级Project Life Cycle项目生命周期Project Management项目管理Project Owner项目委托人Project Title项目标题Project公关项目Proposal公关建议书PRSA（Public Relations Society of America）美国公共关系协会Pubic Opinion公众舆论Public Affairs公共事务Public Relations Consulting公关顾问Public Relations Crisis公关危机Public Relations Management公关管理Public Relations公共关系Public Utility公用事业Publicity宣传Q&A问题问答Qualified Project Manager合格的项目经理Quality Control质量控制Quality Management质量管理Questionnaire调查问卷Quotation报价Real Estate房地产Recommendatory 推荐信Recruitment招募Reference参考资料Rehearsal预演、彩排Report报告Reputation Management 声誉管理Research Tools研究工具Reseller 经销商Retainer长期客户Review回顾、总结Risk Management风险管理Roadshow巡展、路演Rude question 不友好的问题SAE（Senior Account Executive）高级客户代表、高级客户主任SAM（Senior Account Manager）高级客户经理SB （Small business）小客户SC（South China）华南Scope Management范畴管理Seminar研讨会Senior Consultant高级顾问Senior Media Executive高级媒介代表Senior Media Manager高级媒介经理Senior Vice President 高级副总裁Shareholders利益关系人Simultaneous interpretation同声传译Slide 幻灯片Slogan口号Social Activities社会活动Social Responsibility社会责任Source Materials客户提供的辅助资料Souvenirs & Gifts 纪念品和礼品SOV （Share of Voice）分享声音Speaking with One Voice 用一个声音说话Spokes Person Tips发言人技巧Spokesperson发言人Sponsorship Planning赞助策划Sponsorship 赞助Strategic Consulting战略咨询Strategy Communications Systems战略传播系统Strategy 战略Success Story成功故事Summary 简介、概述Supplier 供应商Survey调查SW（Southwest China）西南SWOT analysis优势、劣势、机遇、威胁分析Synopsis概要总结Target Audience 目标受众Task Marketing任务营销TBD （To be Detail）需更详细信息Team 小组、团队Technical Article技术文章Theme 主题Time Management管理Time Sheet时间管理表Two-way Asymmetry双向非平衡模式Two-way Communications双向传播Two-way Symmetry双向平衡模式Vendor 供应商Venue 会议地点Vertical media行业媒体VI (Visual Identity)视觉识别VIP Speech 讲话稿Virtual Computer虚拟主机Vision愿景Voiceshare 曝光信息份额VP（Vice President）副总裁VSB （Very small business）特小客户、超小客户Website Construction网站建设Whitepaper白皮书Workshops工作研讨Worldwide 全球。
广告业常用英文术语
ae——account executive——客户代表，或客户执行。
代表广告公司接受广告主各种业务，并负责整体执行的人。
account group——业务小组。
广告公司内负责某特定客户之工作小组。
以ae为中心，成员包括行销企划、创意、媒体等工作人员，替客户执行广告企划设定、广告表现制作、媒体安排等业务。
appeal point——诉求点。
广告讯息中，最能打动消费者心理，并引起行动的重点。
brain storming——动脑会议。
可自由发想，不受限制的讨论会议。
brand image——品牌形象。
消费者对商品品牌之印象。
cf——commercial film——乃广告影片是也，可不是电视广告脚本哦，commercial 是电视广告脚本。
competitive presentation——比稿。
有的广告主不会将广告计划立即委托一家广告公司，而是让多家广告公司彼此竞争，再从中选择最优秀、最满意的广告公司。
copywriter——文案（撰文人员）。
负责广告文案的专门写作。
ci——corporate identity——企业识别。
以统一性的标志表示企业的理念、文化以及经营的任务。
creative boutique——创意工作室。
“boutique”为法语中商店的意思，指专门零售店，特别是指贩卖流行物品、装饰品的商店。
以这种语意为背景，由少数人组成、专门制作广告的公司，便称为小型制作专业广告公司。
direct response advertising——直效广告。
需要从潜在客户处得到简单回应的广告。
例如邮购、直接信函、电讯行销，及有线电视购物频道。
直效广告必须是双向沟通的。
director——指导。
在整个广告作业中，担任指导之专业职务。
依照其经验不同，指导可分为资深指导（senior director)、指导（director）和助理指导（assistant director）。
指导有以下各专业职位：account director（业务指导）creative director（创意指导）arts director（美术指导）copy director（文案指导）media director（媒体指导）planning director（企划指导）finisher——完稿员。
Assignmen1(广告文本的翻译)
Assignment: （做成PPT周三下午5点前发到老师邮箱，4人一组）1.上海无线电二厂上海无线电二厂是全国著名企业之一，专门生产收音机、收录机、通讯机、无线扩音机和音响设备。
冠以“红灯”、“飞乐”著名商标，享誉国内海外。
该产品款式新颖、音质优美、质量可靠、功能齐备。
它将赢得您的喜爱，并给您的家庭带来欢乐。
地址：中国上海市宜昌路九十六号电话：583500Shanghai No.2 Radio FactoryAs with you know, our Shanghai No.2 Radio Factory is one of the most famous enterprises in China. We specialized in the productions of radio sets, radio recorders, communication equipments, radio amplifiers and some other audio systems. Equipped with a complete range of functions and attractions of novel design, these famous brands of audio systems named “Red Lantern “and “Feile”, will certainly bring you the stunning sound. Moreover, the brands now are popular both home and abroad. And I’m sure that it will be the best choice for you and your family to have happiness.Address: No.96, Yi Chang Rode, Shanghai, ChinaTel: 5835002.西苑饭店西苑饭店是一座具有国际四星级水准的大型涉外饭店，位于北京三里河路，与进出口谈判大楼、北京图书馆、首都体育馆等相毗邻，环境优美，交通便利。
诺德及其功能加忠城理论
为什么诺德有时要求译者考虑原作者的观点，有时又赞同改变原作者 的评价用语呢？诺德这样解释，在目的论这个普通模式中，忠诚是一 个空位(empty slot)，由每个特定的翻译任务所涉及的文化及其所奉 行的翻译理念来实现。如果译语文化一般认为译文应是对原文的直译 复制，译者就不能够毫无理由地意译。译者有责任协调两种文化之间 的差异，而这种协调决不是把某种文化理念强加于另一种文化群体。 译者必须考虑到读者的种种期望，虽然并不一定要按照读者的期望去 做，但是在道德责任上，译者不能欺骗读者。诺德也承认，要准确了 解读者对译文的期望也不容易，因为此方面仍然欠缺广泛的实验式研 究。因此，在目前的情况下，译者必须依赖于自己的推测及从客户与 读者那里得到的少之又少的反馈信息来决定翻译策略。
豪斯将翻译划分为隐性翻译和显性翻译。隐性翻译力求完 整地保持原文功能，并使译文看似译语文化的原作品一样； 显性翻译则是让目标语读者意识到此文本是译文。以豪斯 和莱思的观点为参照，诺德试图运用严格的功能翻译理论 术语来描述翻译类型，并在此基础上区分了纪实性翻译 ( Documentary Translation)和工具性翻译 (Instrumental Translation)两种翻译类型。纪实性翻译 旨在以译语重建源语文化条件下原文信息发送者与原文读 者的交际活动(某些方面)的文献。
诺德的“功能加忠诚”概念在《翻译中的语篇分析》一书中首次 提出。当时她主要是针对霍斯·曼特瑞有关翻译的论说。霍斯·曼特 瑞把文本视为实现交际功能的纯粹工具，认为其固有的价值完全 从属于其目的，译者只需对目的环境负责，目标文本可以完全独 立于原文。诺德则认为自由重写（free rewriting）不属翻译的 范畴，因此直截了当地提出了自己的看法，“没有原文，就没有 翻译。”“译者应同时对原文和译文环境负责，对原文信息发送 者（或发起人）和目标读者负责。”她称这一责任为“忠 诚”(loyalty)。
英文报刊常用术语_新闻传媒英语词汇
accredited journalist n.特派记者advertisement n.广告advance n.预发消息；预写消息affair n.桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n.趣闻轶事assignment n.采写任务attribution n.消息出处；消息来源back alley news n.小道消息backgrounding n.新闻背景bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里banner n.通栏标题beat n.采写范围blank vt.“开天窗”body n.新闻正文boil vt.压缩（篇幅）box n.花边新闻brief n.简讯bulletin n.新闻简报byline n.署名文章caption n.图片说明caricature n.漫画carry vt.刊登cartoon n.漫画censor vt.审查（新闻稿件），新闻审查chart n.（每周流行音乐等）排行榜clipping n.剪报column n.专栏，栏目columnist n.专栏作家continued story 连载故事，连载小说contributing editor 特约编辑contribution n.（投给报刊的）稿件，投稿contributor n.投稿人copy desk n.新闻编辑部copy editor n.文字编辑correction n.更正（启事）correspondence column 读者来信专栏correspondent n.驻外记者，常驻外埠记者cover vt.采访，采写cover girl n.封面女郎covert coverage 隐性采访，秘密采访crop vt.剪辑（图片）crusade n.宣传攻势cut n.插图 vt.删减（字数）cut line n.插图说明daily n.日报dateline n.新闻电头deadline n.截稿时间dig vt.深入采访，追踪（新闻线索），“挖”（新闻）digest n.文摘editorial n.社论editorial office 编辑部editor's notes 编者按exclusive n.独家新闻expose n.揭丑新闻，新闻曝光extra n.号外eye-account n.目击记，记者见闻faxed photo 传真照片feature n.特写，专稿feedback n.信息反馈file n.发送消息，发稿filler n.补白first amendment （美国宪法）第一修正案（内容有关新闻、出版自由等）five "w's" of news 新闻五要素flag n.报头，报名folo (=follow-up) n.连续报道fourth estate 第四等级（新闻界的别称）freedom of the press 新闻自由free-lancer n.自由撰稿人full position 醒目位置good news comes on crutches. 好事不出门。
2020考研英语词汇：assignment的中文翻译解析
2020考研英语词汇：assignment的中文翻译解析考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：assignment的中文翻译解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语词汇：assignment的中文翻译解析assignment的中文意思名词1.可数名词：(分派的)任务，工作2.可数名词：(课外)作业，功课3.不可数名词：分配，指派，选派4.【律】(财产等的)转让英语解释an undertaking that you have been assigned to do (as by an instructor)the instrument by which a claim or right or interest or property is transferred from one person to another(law) a transfer of property by deed of conveyancethe act of distributing something to designated places or personsthe act of putting a person into a non-elective positiona duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces)相似短语on assignment受委派assignment analysis任务分析assignment component赋值分量assignment lamp呼叫灯，联络灯assignment test标定测验address assignment地址分配express assignment明示转让loadline assignment载重线勘定interrupt assignment中断指定proportioning by assignment 经验配合法，经验配合法相似单词assignmentn.1.[C](分派的)任务，工作2.[C](课外)作业，功课3.[U] 分配，指派，选派4.【律】(财产等的)转让man assignment人力分配individual assignment分片包片法execute assignment statement 【计】执行赋值语句cross assignment交叉分配time assignment时间分配2020考研英语词汇：asset的翻译解析asset是什么意思可数名词：1. 有价值的人或事物，有用的人或事物2. 资产，财产3. 天赋英语解释a useful or valuable quality例句When plant assets are sold, any gain or loss on the disposal is computed by comparing the book value with the amount received from the sale.当固定资产被出售时,任何处置的损失或收益都是通过比较账面净值和出售所得金额计算出来的。
广告英语术语
广告英语术语——创作用语广告讯息advertising message艺术art艺术方向art direction艺术家artist美术总监art director大创意big idea头脑风暴法brainstorming传播媒介communications media 概念化conceptualization文案人员copywriter创意纲要creative brief创意总监creative director创意过程creative process创意金字塔creative pyramid创意creative创造creativity感性诉求emotional appeals控险家explorer事实型思维fact-based thinking 信息性informational法官judge指定mandatories讯息战略message strategy非文字nonverbal产品概念product concept理性诉求rational appeals目标受众target audience技巧technical转换性transformational价值型思维value-based thinking 文字的verbal形象化visualization战士warrior样片animatic动画技法animation techniques 声频audio艾耶1号式Ayer No.1利益式标题benefit headlines正文body copy粗体boldface照相制版camera-ready art表演纲要casting brief结尾close命令式标题command headlines 末稿comprehensive layout/comp 演示demonstration设计design技巧式正文device copy 对白/独白式正文dialog/monolog copy旁白donut标题headline吸引技巧hook图标icon插图画家illustrators企业形象式正文institutional copy整合广告integrated commercial内容段落interior paragraphs斜体italic歌谣式jingles肩题kicker布局图layout预备段落lead-in paragraph生活方式式技法lifestyle techniques标志logotypes助记手段mnemonic device音乐式广告musical commercials音乐标志musical logo叙述式正文narrative copy新闻/信息式标题news/information headlines 出镜头on camera拼版paste up摄影师photographers图片说明式正文picture-caption copy方框图片式布局picture-window layout招贴式格式poster-style format主持人式广告presenter commercial启发式标题provocative headlines疑问式标题question headlines广播人物radio personality脚本script印签seal签名signature cuts生活片段slice of life口号slogans故事板storyboard故事板草图storyboard roughs直截了当式straight announcement直接推销式正文straight-sell copy副标题subhead标题句taglines证言testimonial正文text主题句theme lines小样thumbnail收尾trial close图形部分visuals旁白voiceover模拟校样analog proof动画animation合成片answer print光圈aperture音控台audio console底片base art出血版bleeds蓝线blue line照相排版术camera-ready art字符计算式character-count method 电影摄影师cinematographer截止期closing date色基color key分色color separation连续调continuous tones控制室control room组排copy cast封面纸cover paper青、黄、红、黑印刷CYMK printing 数字媒介digital media数字校样digital proof数码视频效应装置DVE units导演director特排字体display type复制带dubs拷贝dupes电子制作electronic production晒版台纸flats一套铅字font四色印刷four-color process网目凸版halftone plate网屏halftone screen互动电视interactive TV任务夹job jacket出格kerning电脑亭kiosk加空铅leading硬性软片line film线画版line plate实景真人live action外景地location制片场lot指令mandatories公共场所mass audience venue母带master tape合成样片mixed interlock助记手段mnemonic device多媒体演示multimedia presentation 正色投影胶片orthographic film 透明塑料膜overlay个人场所personal audience venue平台使用费platform licensing后期制作阶段postproduction phase开印前阶段prepress phase预备阶段preproduction phase印刷制作经理print production manager印刷制作过程print production process非公开场所private audience venue制片人producer制作阶段production phase复映复播追加酬金residual fee反差套印reverse knockout无衬线字体sans serif最低合同工资scale衬线字体serif一场session特技special effects插播广告spots剥版stripping叠supers演播人员talent自动台词提示器teleprompter课本纸text paper正文字体text type合套trap字系type families排印工艺typography网页Web page单词计算式word-count method工作样片work print书写纸writing paper广告英语术语——公共关系用语社论式广告advertorial倡导广告advocacy advertising伏击式营销ambush marketing视听材料audiovisual materials公告牌bulletin boards社会参与community involvement企业广告corporate advertising企业识别广告corporate identity advertising 危机管理crisis management娱乐entertainment展品exhibits特写feature articles内部通报house organ以货代款in kind机构广告institutional advertising游说lobbying前期市场企业广告market prep corporate advertising 营销公关marketing public relation新闻简报news/press release意见抽样opinion sampling慈善行为philanthropy招贴posters传媒炒作press-agentry传媒工具press/media kit公共事务public affairs公共关系户public relations公共关系广告public relations advertising宣传publicity公众publics招聘广告recruitment advertising声望经营reputation management撰写讲演稿speechwriting赞助sponsorship赛场营销venue marketing新闻通报录像video news release广告英语术语——广播媒介用语执行证明书affidavit of performance受众构成audience composition受众占有率audience share时间表avails一刻平均听众数average quarter-hour audience一刻平均收听率average quarter-hour rating一刻平均占有率average quarter-hour share交换辛迪加barter syndication无线电视broadcast TV有线电视cable TV单位成本CPP千人成本CPM累积听众数cumulative persons累积收听率cumulative rating时段组合day-part mix预定市场区域designated market areas班车时间drive time首播辛迪加first-run syndication毛评点gross rating points开机家庭HUT形象移植imagery transfer信息式广告infomercial互相连接interconnect存货inventory地方时间local time赔偿条件make-goods广播电视网networks 网外辛迪加off-network syndication协办participation basis占位价格preemption rate黄金时段prime time节目式广告PLA节目收率视program rating节止编排形式programming formats视听率调查服务公司rating services电台指定时间run-of-station赞助sponsorship点播广播spot announcement点播广播spot radio受众总数total audience总体受众计划total audience plan电视家庭TVHH特高频UHF甚高频VHF广告英语术语——互动媒介用语广告网络ad networks广告查询ad request横幅广告banner阔幅说明书broadsides手册brochures商业回邮件business reply mail按钮button有线调制解调器cable-modem目录catalogs光驱CD-ROM分类广告Web站classified ad Web site点击率click rate点进率click-throughs编辑名录compiled lists小甜饼cookies立体创意直邮creative dimensional direct mailing 数字互动媒介digital interactive media直接电脑Direct PC直邮广告direct-mail advertising折页folders主页home pages专属名录house lists内部刊物house organs互动电视interactive TV互联网Internet互联网服务供应商Internet service provider插播广告interstitial关键词keyword电脑亭kiosk信件公司letter shop名录经纪人list broker邮件反应名录mail-response lists明信片postcards推播技术push technology销售信函sales letters搜索引擎search engines邮简self-mailers赞助sponsorship公告书statement stuffersWeb浏览器Web browser网页Web pageWeb电视Web TV万维网World Wide Web广告英语术语——户外媒介用语广告礼品advertising specialty自动取款机ATM基本巴士单位basic bus展台booths路牌bulletin structure车内尾部招贴car-end posters电影贴片广告cinema advertising名录directories8张招贴eight-sheet posters电子显示屏electronic signs陈列品exhibits陈列媒介exhibitive media全面登场full showing全球定位系统GPS车内广告牌inside cards100露出数100showing户外媒介out-of-home media车体招贴outside posters包装packaging奖品premiums产品安插product placement登场showing看板spectaculars标准户外广告standardized outdoor advertising 成品招贴stock posters优惠赠券take-ones出租车外壳taxicab exteriors终点站招贴terminal posters30张招贴架30-sheet poster panel整车牌位total bus商业展示会trade shows交通广告transit advertising车站棚广州广告transit shelter advertising录像手册video brochure 广告英语术语——媒介策划用语广告印象advertising impression广告反应曲线advertising response curve 注意度attention value受众audience受众目标audience objectives间歇式排期blinking品牌开发指数brand development index集中式bursting品种开发指数category development index 发行量circulation持续性continuity持续式continuous schedule成本效益cost efficiency单位成本cost per point千人成本cost per thousand创意组合creative mix分布目标distribution objectives有效频次effective frequency有效到达率effective reach暴露值exposure value市场、资金、媒介、组合、方法5Ms起伏式flighting schedule频次frequency总印象gross impressions毛评点gross rating points市场markets组合mechanics媒介media媒介策划media planning媒介载体media vehicles讯息力度message weight方法methodology组合媒介法mixed-media approach资金money驱动值motivation value看见机会opportunity to see脉冲式pulsing schedule视听率rating到达率reach每册读者数readers per copy近期策划recency planning路障式road blocking外溢媒介spillover media增效效应synergy电视户television households广告英语术语——媒介运用用语发行量审核局ABC出血bleed批量折扣bulk discounts行业杂志business magazines发行量审核circulation audit分类广告classified ads纽约分类广告网络CANNY分类图片广告classified display ads截稿日期closing date彩色样品纸条color strip混合收费制combination rates消费者杂志consumer magazines合同收费制contract rate赠阅发行controlled circulation联合形式cooperative/co-op programs千人成本CPM封面日期cover date封面位置cover position购物杂志custom magazine日报daily newspapers人口版demographic editions图片广告display advertising实际收费earned rates农业刊物farm publications统一收费制度flat rate香味纸条fragrance strips频率折扣frequency discounts黄金版位full position门式折页gatefold地理版geographic editions基本发行量guaranteed circulation横向刊物horizontal publication独立购物指南independent shopping guide 插页insert加插刊登通知insertion order岛形半版island halves小单元junior unit地方城市杂志local city magazine杂志出版人协会MPA媒介采购员media buyer媒介标尺调查有限公司MRI全国性杂志national magazines全国性价格national rate美国报业协会NAA报纸版面库NSB上市日期on-sale date公开收费制度open rate订阅发行paid circulation自动弹启式广告pop-up ad.自选版位费preferred-position rates 预印广告插页preprinted inserts初级发行量primary circulation清样proof copy公告public notice费率基准rate base价目表rate card阅读告示reading notice地区性刊物regional publications任意版位费制ROP advertising rates二级读者量secondary/pass-along readership欠资收费制short rate赛蒙斯市场调查局SMRB多胞胎版split runs标准广告单位SAU标准收费与数据服务公司SRDS标准型报纸standard-size newspaper周日增刊Sunday supplement小报型报纸tabloid newspaper撕样tear sheets三维广告3-D ads纵向刊物vertical publication数量折扣volume discounts周报weekly newspapers广告英语术语——销售用语广告津贴advertising allowance回购津贴buyback allowance目录catalog减价促销cents-off promotion套装赠送combination offer公司大会与经销商聚会company conventions & dealer meetings消费者销售推广consumer sales promotion竞赛contest联合广告cooperative/co-op advertising优惠券coupons顾客终身价值customer lifetime value数据进入data access数据管理data management数据库database数据库营销database marketing直接营销direct marketing直接反应广告direct-response advertising直接销售战略direct-sales strategy直接销售direct selling陈列津贴display allowance易地销售diverting电子优惠券electronic coupons提前购买forward buying广告插页free-standing inserts游戏game店内样品试用in-store sampling联络媒介linkage media人员销售personal selling售点材料point-of-purchase materials什锦袋装样品polybagging奖品premiums拉式战略pull strategy推销奖金push money/spiffs推式战略push strategy部分退款rebates近期、频次、货币方程RFM formula销售推广sales promotion样品试用sampling货位津贴slotting allowance抽奖sweepstake电话营销telemarketing贸易广告trade advertising贸易集中trade concentration贸易折扣trade deals贸易推广trade promotion广告英语术语——行政用语明确表示affirmative disclosure美国广告联盟AAF美国广告公司协会AAAA全国性广告主协会ANA商业促进局BBB停止/中止令cease-and-desist order比较广告comparative advertising服罪判决书consent decree消费者保护团体consumer advocate消费者信息网络consumer information networks 消费者保护主义consumerism版权copyright更正广告corrective advertising欺骗性广告deceptive advertising推荐endorsements道德广告ethical advertising联邦通讯委员会FCC联邦贸易委员会FTC食品与药品管理局FDA知识产权intellectual property长期宏观论long-term macro arguments全国广告处NAD国家广告审查局NARB国家广告审查委员会NARC非产品事实non-product facts 营养标识与教育法Nutritional Labeling and Education Act专利patent隐私权privacy rights夸大puffery短期操纵论short-term manipulative arguments社会责任social responsibility潜意识广告subliminal advertising证据substantiation证实testimonials商标trademark不正当广告unfair advertising美国专利与商标署U.S.Patent and Trademark Office户外英文名词解释广告礼品advertising specialty基本巴士单位basic bus展台booths路牌bulletin structure车内尾部招贴car-end posters电子显示屏electronic signs陈列媒介exhibitive media车内广告牌inside cards100露出数100showing户外媒介out-of-home media车体招贴outside posters看板spectaculars标准户外广告standardized outdoor advertising成品招贴stock posters优惠赠券take-ones出租车外壳taxicab exteriors整车牌位total bus商业展示会trade shows交通广告transit advertising网络广告名词解释一、以下是网络广告中常用名词的解释1.Banner：横幅广告，一个表现商家广告内容的图片，放置在广告商的页面上，是互联网广告中最基本的广告形式，尺寸是480*60像素，或233*30像素，一般是使用GIF格式的图像文件，可以使用静态图形，也可用多帧图像拼接为动画图像。
assignment 1 分析
3. 我存在，我曾经存在。 I am，I was. 电影“Artificial Intelligence”，I am, I was. I think, so I am. (Decarte) 改译： I am here, I was here. ??? I exist, I ever existed. ???
4. 有想做的事，有值得爱的人，有美丽的梦。 I want something to do, someone to love and something to hope for.
语义问题: Someone to love指有一个人去爱，但原文中是“有值得 爱的人”，与原文不符。Something to hope for指“有事情去期待” 的意思，与原文中“有美丽的梦”仍不吻合。 改译：
17.生命是一场又一场的相遇和别离，后会有期。 Life is full of encounters and separations. See you some day.
语义问题：separation: n. a period of time that people spend apart from each other. 一般指长时间离别。所以在该句中用parting: n. the act or occasion of leaving a person or place”一词比较好，与原文 中所表达的意思相近。
2. 我希望活得有意义，活得深刻，汲取生命所有的精髓。 I wanted to live deliberately，live deep and suck out all the marrow of the life. （Walden） 语法问题：原文中的动词wanted用了过去式，过去式指的是在过去的时间内所发生的 事情，从原文中了解到这种渴望和希望应该经常存在，故用一般现在时want比较合适。 语义问题：deliberately有两个意思，分别是“done in a way that was planned, not by chance”和 “slowly and carefully”, deliberately 并不符合有意义的意思。deep可以指物理意 义上的深，情感上的深厚，知识的渊博，人性格深沉，这里指生活态度不恰当。尽管 deep也有做副词的时候，但多用于deep inside，deep into这种情况，在这里用deeply才 是正确的。而且此处用profoundly更好，语气更强，更能体现出活得深刻的意味。 文体问题：“汲取”在文中具有象征意义，指的是“学习”生命的意义。suck out指的 是吮吸，只是单纯的动作。marrow象征的是生命中的智慧，而marrow是生物上骨髓的 意思。 改译： I wanted to lead a meaningful and profound life, from which I receive all the wisdom of life.
综合英语(一)课文及翻译
Lesson One: The Time MessageElwood N, Chapman新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。
本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。
1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control!译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。
例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。
答案是什么呢？控制。
2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem.译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。
汉译英 广告翻译
两人共度一个阳光灿烂的假 日，一切费用均包括在单人 价格之内。
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3. 使用缩略词和复合词（以节省广告篇幅）
Example 4:
Where to leave your troubles when you fly JAL.
坐日航班机，le 5:
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商标的英译
1. 直译法: “皇冠” （Crown)；“自然美” （Natural Beauty）
2. 音译法： ①汉语拼音: “海天”(Haitian)；“红 塔”(Hongta)；“太极”(Tanji) ② 适当调整：“新科” (Shinco)；“康 佳”(Konka)；“格力(Gree)”；“美的(Midea)”
---于根元《广告语言教程》
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1.广告的语言特点及英译:
玩弄辞藻 使用警策句 言简意赅,简洁易懂 使用大众化口语体
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玩弄辞藻
堆砌形容词和形容词最高级 finest food, most attractive surroundings and a friendly disposition (餐馆广告) Incredible sale: beautiful, beautiful, beautiful lynx（猞猁） and mink（水貂）, top quality, latest styles fur garments (服 装广告)
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２．广告的文体特点及英译
广告按其体裁，风格，手法及文字表达 方式等不同，可将他们分为若干类 型．熟悉并掌握各种类型广告文体的特 点对做好广告的翻译工作十分必要．常 见的广告文体特点及翻译要求如下：
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(1) 陈述体
陈述体广告就是摆事实,讲道理,让事实说 服人,开门见山地介绍商品用途性能等情况。 语言质朴精练,没有过多的修辞与描绘,翻译 时应以朴实的英语，客观的语气组织译文。 例如:
广告业常用英文术语
AA(Account Assistant)客户助理Action Plan 行动方案AD(Account Director)客户总监Add Value 附加价值Ads(Advertisement) 广告Advertorial付费软文AE(Account Executive)客户代表、客户主任Agency 代理商AM(Account Manager)客户经理Analysis Tools分析工具Announcement 公告Annual Report年报AP (Asia-Pacific) 亚太区AR List 任务清单ATL (Above the Line) 线上活动Attachment附件Audience Awareness公众认知度Auto Industry 汽车行业Awareness 认知Background Analysis 背景分析Background material 背景材料Benchmark测试基准BI (Behavior Identity)企业行为识别系统Bidding 竞标Bio个人简历Boilerplate公司简介(附在新闻稿后面的关于该公司的简短介绍) Brand Communications Strategy品牌传播战略Brand Loyalty品牌忠诚度Brand Management Commission品牌管理委员会Brand Management Consulting Firm品牌管理顾问公司Brand Management品牌管理Brand Planning/Designing品牌策划/设计Brand Positioning Survey品牌定位调查Brand Positioning 品牌定位Brand Promotion品牌推广Branding Strategy品牌战略Briefing Kit资料包Briefing情况介绍BTL (Below the Line) 线下活动BU (Business Unit)业务部门Bulletin公告栏Bundle 附赠品Business E-Mail 商务电邮Business Model商业计划Business Philosophy 经营哲学Business Strategy 经营战略Campaign 公关或营销活动Career Development 职业发展Career Planning职业计划Case study案例研究Category 类别Celebration 庆典活动CEO Reputation Management CEO声誉管理CEO's Arrangement CEO接待Channel 渠道Chart 幻灯片中的页面China Golden Awards For Excellence in Public Relations中国最佳公共关系案例大赛China International Public Relations Congress中国国际公共关系大会CI(Corporate Identity)企业形象CIPRA(China International Public Relations Association)中国国际公共关系协会CIS (Corporate Identity Sysetm)企业形象识别系统Client Database Management客户数据管理Client Oriented Strategy客户导向战略Client Relations Development System客户关系开发系统Client Relations Evaluation System客户管理评价系统Client Relations Maintenance System客户关系维护系统Client Relations Management System客户关系管理系统Client Relations Management客户管理管理Client Relations Precaution System客户管理预警系统Client Relations Supporting System客户管理支持系统Client Relations客户关系Client Satisfaction Management客户满意度管理Clipping Report剪报报告Closing Phase结束阶段Code of Conduct行为准则Code of Ethics 职业道德Communication Model 传播模式Communications Kit新闻夹Communications Management 传播管理Communications Regions传播地域Communications Strategy传播战略Community Relations社区关系Competitor竞争对手Confidential 保密的、机密的Confidential Items保密条款Consecutive Interpretation交互式翻译Consultant顾问Consumer Buying Process 顾客购买过程Consumer Database顾客数据Consumer Orientation消费者导向Consumers/Dealers Assembly用户/经销商大会Contact Person 联系人Continuous Education继续教育Controlling Phase 控制阶段Coordination Communicating协调沟通Copywriter 文案Copywriting公关文案Core Competitiveness核心竞争力Core Media核心媒体Corporate Affairs企业事务Corporate Image企业形象Corporate Profile公司简介Corporate Reputation企业声誉Corporate Video 宣传片Cost Control成本控制Cost Management成本管理Creative & Design创意设计Credential公司或个人简介Crisis Control 危机控制Crisis Management Office危机管理办公室Crisis Management Planning危机管理策划Crisis Management Team危机管理小组Crisis Management危机管理Crisis Research危机研究Crisis Statement危机声明CRM (Customer Relationship Management)客户关系管理Customer testimonial客户证言Datasheet宣传页Decoration 现场布置(装饰)Demand GenerationDemo Booth 产品演示台Diagnosis诊断Director总监Distributor 分销商DM (Direct mailing )直邮Domain Name Registration 域名注册Donation捐赠EC(East China)华东Editorial Calendar媒体刊登计划EDM(Email Direct Marketing)电子邮件营销Effective Communications有效传播Employee Compensation员工薪酬Employee Relations员工关系Environment Analysis环境分析Environment Issues环境问题Ethics of the Profession 职业道德Event Management事件管理Event Planning 事件策划Event事件、活动Executing Phase 执行阶段Execution 执行Executive President 执行总裁Fact Sheet资料(数字或其她材料)FAQ 常见问题问答Fashion Business时尚产业Feature article 深度文章Feature文章类型中的通讯Finance Management财务管理Financial Communications财经传播Flyer 宣传单页Follow-up跟进Forum 论坛GCG(Grand China) 大中国区Glossary词汇表Government Affairs政府事务Government PR 政府公关Government Relations政府关系Govt (Government) 政府Graphics图形文件Greetings问候语Health Care医疗保健High Tech高科技Hospital PR 医院公关Human Resource Management人力资源管理IMC (Integrated Marketing Communications)整合营传播Implementation实施Incentive Plan激励计划Industry Participation行业参与Initiating Phase 初始阶段INPUTS Evaluation Tools输入级评估工具Integration Management整合管理Interactive PR 网上互动公关Internal Magazine内部期刊Internal Communications System内部传播系统Internal Communications内部传播Internal Film内部电影Internal PR 内部公关International PR国际公关Internet Communications网络传播Internet Media Communications 网媒传播Interpersonal Communications人际传播Interpreter翻译Interview 专访或面试Introduction Lantern宣传幻灯Investor Relations投资者关系Invitation Letter 邀请IPR(Institute of Public Relations)英国公共关系协会IPRA(International Public Relations Association)国际公共关系协会Issue Diagnosis问题诊断Issues Management问题管理ISV (Individual Software Vendor)独立软件开发商Job Evaluation绩效考核Journalist记者Key Media关键媒体Key Messages 关键信息Keynote Speaker主题演讲人Keynote Speech主题演讲LA( Large Account) 大客户LE (Large Enterprise)大客户Leadership 领导者Legal Duty法律义务Life Cycle of the Products 产品生命周期Lobby游说Logo标识Long Term Program长期项目Lucky Draw 抽奖Marcomm(Marketing Communications)营销传播Market Analysis Report市场分析报告Marketing Communications Mix营销传播组合Marketing Communications营销传播Marketing Strategy 市场营销战略Marketshare 市场份额Mass Media大众媒体MB(Medium business) 中客户MC(Master of Ceremonies)主持人MC(Middle China)华中MD(Managing Director) 董事总经理、执行董事Media Assistant媒介助理Media Analysis媒体分析Media Communications Strategy媒体传播战略Media Communications媒体传播Media Coverage 媒体覆盖率Media Director 媒介总监Media Executive媒介代表、媒介主任Media Inquiry媒体垂询Media Kit媒体资料包Media List媒体名单Media Manager媒介经理Media Monitor媒体监测Media Relations媒介关系Media Research媒体研究Media Tour媒体拜访或媒体外出巡游Media媒体Meeting Agenda会议议程Meeting Minutes 会议记录Merchandise促销物品Methodology方法论MI (Mind Identity)企业理念识别MI(Media Index)企业媒体声望指数Mindshare 品牌影响力份额Miscellaneous 杂费Monthly Report月报Multifunctional Task Force多职能任务小组National Standards of the PR Professional Qualification国家公共关系职业资格标准NC(North China)华北NE (Northeast China)东北Negative Report负面报道New Product Launch新产品发布News Clipping新闻剪报News Release新闻发布Newsletter通讯No-profit PR 非营利机构公关Norms of Excellent PR Management 卓越公共关系管理标准NW(Northwest China)西北Objective Diagnosis目标诊断Offering 服务内容On Site现场Online Advertisement 线上广告Online Communications线上传播Online Marketing Communications 线上营销传播Online media网络媒体Online Roadshow 网上路演Online Survey网上调查OOP(Out-of-Pocket)杂费、日常工作发生的成本Open-day Visits开放日参观Opinion Leader舆论领袖OUTCOMES Evaluation Tools输出级评估工具OUTPUTS Evaluation Tools效果级评估工具Outsourcing 外包OV(One Voice)一个声音Photo Library图片库Planning Phase 策划阶段Polish文案润色POP (Point Of Purchase Advertising) 导购点广告Positioning定位Post Event 善后工作Poster 海报Postmortem 会后书面的简短总结报告Postscript后记PR Agency公关公司PR Consulting Market公关顾问服务市场PR Consulting Practice公关顾问实务PR Consulting Service公关顾问服务PR Consulting Tools公关顾问工具PR Directorr 公共关系总监PR Evaluation公关评估PR Event 公关活动PR Guideline公关方针PR Management Working Code公关管理工作准则PR Manager 公共关系经理PR Procedure公关流程PR Proposal公关建议书PR Supervisor 公共关系主管Pre Event前期工作Pre-evaluation 预评估Preface前言Presentation 演示、陈述President 总裁Press Conference新闻发布会Press Kit媒体新闻夹Press Release新闻稿Print Media平面媒体Priority 优先的Procurement Management预警管理Product Test产品评测Profession Responsibility 职业义务Professional Association 专业协会Professional Certification 职业认证Professional Consultant 专业顾问Professional fee专业服务费Professional Grading专业等级Project Life Cycle项目生命周期Project Management项目管理Project Owner项目委托人Project Title项目标题Project公关项目Proposal公关建议书PRSA(Public Relations Society of America)美国公共关系协会Pubic Opinion公众舆论Public Affairs公共事务Public Relations Consulting公关顾问Public Relations Crisis公关危机Public Relations Management公关管理Public Relations公共关系Public Utility公用事业Publicity宣传Q&A问题问答Qualified Project Manager合格的项目经理Quality Control质量控制Quality Management质量管理Questionnaire调查问卷Quotation报价Real Estate房地产Recommendatory 推荐信Recruitment招募Reference参考资料Rehearsal预演、彩排Report报告Reputation Management 声誉管理Research Tools研究工具Reseller 经销商Retainer长期客户Review回顾、总结Risk Management风险管理Roadshow巡展、路演ROI return on investment投资回报率Rude question 不友好的问题SAE(Senior Account Executive)高级客户代表、高级客户主任SEM(Search Engine Marketing)搜索引擎营销SAM(Senior Account Manager)高级客户经理SB (Small business)小客户SC(South China)华南Scope Management范畴管理SEO(Search Engine Optimization)搜索引擎优化SMO:Social Media Optimization(社会媒体优化)Seminar研讨会Senior Consultant高级顾问Senior Media Executive高级媒介代表Senior Media Manager高级媒介经理Senior Vice President 高级副总裁Shareholders利益关系人Simultaneous interpretation同声传译Slide 幻灯片Slogan口号Social Activities社会活动Social Responsibility社会责任Source Materials客户提供的辅助资料Souvenirs & Gifts 纪念品与礼品SOV (Share of Voice)Speaking with One Voice 用一个声音说话Spokes Person Tips发言人技巧Spokesperson发言人Sponsorship Planning赞助策划Sponsorship 赞助Strategic Consulting战略咨询Strategy Communications Systems战略传播系统Strategy 战略Success Story成功故事Summary 简介、概述Supplier 供应商Survey调查SW(Southwest China)西南SWOT analysis优势、劣势、机遇、威胁分析Synopsis概要总结Target Audience 目标受众Task Marketing任务营销TBD (To be Detail)需更详细信息Team 小组、团队Technical Article技术文章Theme 主题Time Management管理Time Sheet时间管理表Two-way Asymmetry双向非平衡模式Two-way Communications双向传播Two-way Symmetry双向平衡模式UEO (user experience Optimization)用户体验优化Venue 会议地点Vertical media行业媒体VI (Visual Identity)视觉识别VIP Speech 讲话稿Virtual Computer虚拟主机Vision愿景Voiceshare 曝光信息份额VP(Vice President)副总裁VSB (Very small business) 特小客户、超小客户Website Construction网站建设Whitepaper白皮书Workshops工作研讨Worldwide 全球特写feature articles以货代款in kind机构广告institutional advertising前期市场企业广告market prep corporate advertising 营销公关marketing public relation新闻简报news/press release意见抽样opinion sampling招贴posters传媒炒作press agentry传媒工具press/media kit公共事务public affairs公共关系户public relations公共关系广告public relations advertising宣传publicity公众publics招聘广告recruitment advertising声望经营reputation management撰写讲演稿speechwriting赛场营销venue marketing新闻通报录像video news release执行证明书affidavit of performance受众构成audience composition受众占有率audience share时间表avails一刻平均听众数average quarter-hour audience 一刻平均收听率average quarter-hour rating一刻平均占有率average quarter-hour share交换辛迪加barter syndication无线电视broadcast TV有线电视cable TV单位成本CPP千人成本CPM累积听众数cumulative persons累积收听率cumulative rating时段组合day-part mix预定市场区域designated market areas班车时间drive time首播辛迪加first-run syndication形象移植imagery transfer信息式广告informercial互相连接interconnect广播电视网networks网外辛迪加off-network syndication协办participation basis占位价格preemption rate黄金时段prime time节目式广告PLA节目收率视program rating节止编排形式programming formats视听率调查服务公司rating services电台指定时间run-of-station受众总数total audience总体受众计划total audience plan广告网络ad networks广告查询ad request横幅广告banner商业回邮件business reply mail分类广告Web站classified ad Web site编辑名录compiled lists立体创意直邮creative dimensional direct mailing 数字互动媒介digital interactive media直邮广告direct-mail advertising内部刊物house organs互动电视interactive TV互联网Internet互联网服务供应商Internet service provider销售信函sales letters广告礼品advertising specialty展台booths路牌bulletin structure车内尾部招贴car-end posters电影贴片广告cinema advertising陈列媒介exhibitive media全面登场full showing车内广告牌inside cards户外媒介out-of-home media车体招贴outside posters包装packaging奖品premiums标准户外广告standardized outdoor advertising 成品招贴stock posters优惠赠券take-ones商业展示会trade shows交通广告transit advertising广告英语术语——媒介策划用语广告印象advertising impression广告反应曲线advertising response curve注意度attention value受众audience受众目标audience objectives品牌开发指数brand development index品种开发指数category development index发行量circulation成本效益cost efficiency单位成本cost per point千人成本cost per thousand创意组合creative mix分布目标distribution objectives有效频次effective frequency有效到达率effective reach暴露值exposure value频次frequency市场markets组合mechanics媒介media媒介策划media planning媒介载体media vehiclesAE——Account Executive——客户代表,或客户执行。
Assignment谷歌翻译
Assignment # 1What is the "permanent object" (object permanence)? The earliest age at which appear? "Permanent object": began to learn to look for and find hidden things. For example, when the mother left him when he began to learn to look for my mother; will be asked when the toys but not toy possession in which "Permanent object" as early as 4-8 months.Illustrate the main features of the intellectual development of toddlers children. Thinking development of toddlers child has a certain intuitive mobility. Intuitive action of thinking is the use of the intuitive mode of action to solve the problem of thinking. This kind of thinking is characterized by:(1) thinking is in direct perception, thinking to rely on intuitive things and situations. For example: the children are only holding the doll will play doll house games, doll, game stopped.(2) thinking is thinking in action, can not be separated from the children's own actions. For example: children's painting is often no purpose to do first want to, or learning by doing would like to, only know what the picture is drawn.3 summarize the stages of infant gross motor development, and illustrate the characteristics of each stage.Phase I: 1-4 months: the fast growth of the body. Early movement is big and stable, but more accurate.Phase II: April-August, gross motor development: You can sit, no human help can take 6 months, eight months standing. Can reach for things, to look around when lying down.The third stage: 8-12 months: the balance to be independent standing. 10 hands and knees, crawling, 11 can climb stairs. 11-13.5 months of independent walking.Phase IV: 12-18 months, the walk may initially unstable, leading to frequent falls. Play and toys, children's chairs can sit.A brief description of commonly used way of the newborn and adult communication.Newborns cry and physical activity to communicate with adults, newborns, facial expressions, intonation patterns, body language is adult communication, the head rotation distance, look away, yawn, motility, or calm, excited can play or hug, the facial expressions that like it or not.Assignment # 2Self-designed form to record a pre-school children in play activities (game time lasts at least 20 minutes), analysis of the types and characteristics of the children's game.Observation theme: children's play activities observer: Li Bingyu observed locations: six nursery IntermediateName: Ge Yifu Gender: Male Age: 5 years old: 2012-6-8Games and activities: In the morning he first entered the park, spray a disinfectant because of teachers, the teacher will be the children taken to the outdoor freedom, Ge Yifu play Bounce the ball and shooting game: he quickly went to the basket edge, pick a ball. Stature larger, almost next to the children hit the ground. In place to get what he wants the ball, Bounce, and then both hands lifted up shots. Nursery a special basket for him is not easy. Because a little fat, when his running stamina has some shortcomings. Sometimes away from the racket, roll it toward the grass, but he did not give up, again and again to the basket and pitching.Game types and characteristics: type of game: single game. Features: five-year-old children have spent the whole body force, and held his hands over the head pitching. Pitching the game, he and other children not to play with, but alone in a silent play. He seemed to be constantly trying to score. Later, I asked why he likes to play netball game, he told me his dad and he likes to play basketball, he wants to practice a lot to win my father. Observe a toddler child or a child's language development, self-form the detailed observational records at the same time for analysis. The observation record should include the following content: ⑴observer, observation time, observation sites; ⑵be an observer, the observer of sex and age; ⑶observer of the language sample (at least 10); (4) on the observer language The analysis of the sample.Observation theme: children's language development, observers: Li Bingyu observed locations: six to a kindergarten IntermediateName: Zhou Zaihan Gender: Female Age: 5 years of age: 2012-6-8Language sample: (1) children, you call what name?Zhou Zihan.(2) how old? 5 years old.Like what game to play? Angry bird.4 Do you like to see the "radiant Wolf"? Like it.You most like inside the Who? America ocean.Who help you to wear clothes? Father and mother.Who send you to school? Dad.8 this morning, what to eat? Milk and bread.What is the pattern on your clothes? Is the kitten.10 you are at home like to do? Watching TV. Language sample analysis: 1. The beginning, Zhou Zaihan when communicating with strangers, do not feel uneasy, and are willing to talk too much.2.5-year-old children when you ask her questions, she can accurately answer. And take the initiative to explain why, and bold language to express their own ideas. 3 Zhou Zihan with the complex sentence is not too much, but can accurately answer my questions. Zhou Zaihan language consistency, the pronunciation can be clearly and accurately. 5 Zhou Zaihan amount of words is not too much.Test # 1Part 1: Short Answer Questions short answer questionsIllustrate the meaning of trial and error learning (trial-and-error learning). Trial and error learning: using a variety of actions to try to get the desired result. (For example, try the shoes and other items into the garbageWant to know why the trash can hold a lot of things always fill the bucket. )Toddler child's independence is enhanced performance in what areas? 18-24 months, toddlers children are often the desire for independence through the following performance: (1) refused to complete the task, such as put away the toys. (2) ignore the requirements of the adult, such as when adults asked to put away toys continue to play. (3) The requirements of doing things, a resounding "no".(4) temper, such as: when they do not want to do something, irritability, throwing things temper. Independent ability to increase: no one else to help to dress themselves, eat and drink plenty of water to complete the daily self-care (wash, wash Hands, brushing teeth), put away the toys, and in most cases, they just express their own wishes.Example, analysis of the key factors that influence the cognitive development of infants and young children.Of infants and young children of their own development: Babies from birth the brain is in constant development and continues to mature. Ripe to bring the inevitable change: the baby from the inside out growth and continues to mature, not only the maturity of the physiological, and psychological maturity. Let the baby continue to adapt to the environment, and cognitive abilities continue to improve things. The development of self-control: infants and young children's enhanced ability to control their own bodies, and help them to explore things, and personally experience the world, to promote the cognitive ability to further improve. Exploration of the world: infant curiosity towards the world, so that they continue to try new things, constantly new discoveries, which play an important role on their cognitive development. (2) the impact of family education Parents on children's education: parents are the first teachers of children, parental care and teach make the child's cognitive development to mature. (3) the impact of the social environment: a good social environment for the cognitive development of infants and young children a positive and healthy atmosphere.Description of 0-3 years old children a chart or table height and weight trends.Height and weightThe first month45.7-55.9cm 2.5-4.5kg1-4 months, 50.8-68.8cm 3.6 --- 7.3kg4-8 months69.8-73.7cm 12.4 --- 16.1kg8-12 months66 ---- 82.6cm 7-10.5kg12-18 months73 --- 86cm 9 --- 13.69kg18-24 months76 ------ 92cm 9 ---- 15kg2-3 years old86.3-96.5cm 10 ---- 18kg0 to 3-year-old children's height and weight, the overall trend is: height, weight becomes heavier. 1 - 4 months, 8 - 12 months, height and weight development faster.Part 2: Long Answer Questions essay questionsDiscusses the characteristics of children of 0-3 years old children's sense of attachment type and all kinds of talk about your understanding of the importance of infant and early childhood attachment. (1) safe Most of the baby clearly or securely attached to itsmother, the performance for the mother occasionally need the presence of close to or touch her, when alone, was left in an unfamiliar context, there are strong to maintain the contact behavior. When the mother is present, these babies feel safe enough to explore and operate in an unfamiliar environment. (2) avoidant Baby very little performance anxiety of the mother is not around. When the mother returned to the side, they also avoid communication with the mother, do not ignore the performance of mothers and their contacts. In fact, these children do not form attachment, also known as the "no attachment to the children. (3) ambivalent Regardless of their parents are not around, often show a strong sense of anxiety and crying, also known as the "anxiety-type children. They either not interested in the current contact, or on this link to show the contradiction, the performance of such a contradiction to rely on the mother, sometimes pursuing and angry when opened and rejected mother. 4 chaos type No fixed pattern, they always seem afraid of caregivers, care-givers to show fear, excessive self-willed, and confused. Showed disorganized and lack of organizational behavior in an unfamiliar environment, showing the greatest degree of insecurity. Such children are more likely to develop mental disorders.Awareness of the importance of infant and early childhood attachment:Attachment in infants and young children with their parents interaction, emotional gradually formed a bond or a lasting relationship. Attachment have a certain impact on children's cognition: early secure attachment to produce more complex exploratory behavior in the 2-year-old early unsafe for children without these manifestations. Attachment has some influence on children's emotional and peer relationships: secure attachment, children's self-esteem, compassion and positive emotions to a higher, less negative emotion. More social competitiveness and social skills, the number of friends.Parents of healthy attachment will promote children's social environment and physical environment of the mysteries of exploration and curiosity. The same time, the early attachment to enhance the trust of children of other social relations, companion and children develop a mature emotional relationship. Clearly, early attachment for the future development does.Example, the capacity for self-toddler child (self-help skills) development. To talk about your capacity for self-train toddler child. 18-36 month toddler children the capacity for self-development: (1) dress: dress (for example, to wear their own shirts, sweaters, or shoes)Does not help to complete part of their daily affairs (for priority up zipping; shoes put in the right place can put on) (2) to eat: with a spoon to eat; started using a fork. Did not help that you can drink, but some water may spill out.(3) take care of themselves: their own face and hands, but needs adult supervision and management, brush their teeth, but need to be reminded.(4) clean-up: to help put away toys, helping clean up the desktop and floor, but need supervision. To cultivate the capacity for self-toddler child views: Toddler children do whatever things that we should encourage and guide Toddler children to get things done better. But not always meet their unreasonable demands toddler children should be educated to deal with things the right way. Indicators of brain development, brain development of the accelerated phase two discusses the infant brain development, and analysis of the factors that affect infant brain development. Affect brain development factors:The brain has two identifiable period of rapid development:The first period about 12 months, with the baby learns to walk, increased experience of the infant has the ability to make positive choices.The second period is between 18-24 months. In the meantime, the baby usually start using understandable language. In the two periods of brain development, nerve contact increased, leading to the development of all aspects of potential baby. Provide the following to the baby, and help to maximize the promotion of the development of potential.Nearly 10-12 months, the brain's central nervoussystem activity has increased significantly. During this period, the key to promoting the infant to explore the surrounding environment, can be sensitive support and care for the upbringing of the baby to accept a variety of stimuli. Dependent on the feeling of security in the infant brain development, good nutrition, and touch people interested in the stimulus, the brain rapidly and sensitive, stimulation and learning experiences in all aspects (physical, social, emotional, cognitive and Language) is the formation of the new link and enhance the link key. For example: the operation of the baby more and more skilled, the nerve connections in the formation and consolidation.List the type of temperament (temperament) of the newborn, a brief description of the typical performance of each type of children.Easy to type. Such infants to eat, drink, sleep and other physiological functions regularly, obvious rhythm, and easy to adapt to new environments.Difficult type. Often loud crying, irritability, losing her temper, not easy to appease.Slow type. Low levels of activity, intensity of the behavioral response is weak, emotions are always negative, and unhappy.Test # 2Part 1: Short Answer Questions short answer questionsOverview of the children 0-3 years old grasping action (grasp action) development.(1) the beginning of a fingertip grip: The thumb and index finger relative to pick up the object, about 12 months, grasping reflex.(2) baby can control, release the objects, the objects from one hand to the other hand. Began to grip with the palm of your hand: the hand and fingers move to pick up objects; progress late at this stage, finger grip action, automatic release in the hands of something(3) The fingertip grip and palm grip more dexterous use of crayons, or paint with one hand to lift objects, from a cup to drink water, seize a large ball with both hands.Illustrate the meaning of "to self-centered" (decentration)."To self-centered refers to at the same time from many aspects to look at problems or situations (for example: children with object classification experience to create a consistent pattern (red round beads, round beads) without distracted by other variables).An overview of the situation of children aged 0-6 years. Capacity development.The nine-month time: Sorting Category: in accordance with the same characteristics to the object classification (such as: toy car classified as a group, playing with toys into another group).About 14 months, similar things began to be classified (for example: all the kitchen items, bathroom items in a class).Increasingly able to identify what belongs to a class (such as clothing or toys, animals or plants).3-4 years old: a feature on the basis of object classification (such as: shape, color, size), but very easily lead to confusion (at the beginning to the classification of plastic bears according to color, when came across a big red bear, will be changed according to the size classification. to six red bear classification, and finally, a bear is a large, may begin to categorize the big blue bear). 4 years old, began to be classified according to colorRarely distracted when sorting (progress) in the pink dog, red dog, cat of light red, dark red dog, red bird classification process5-year-old: more features will be familiar with object classification (eg, from a mixture of familiar fruits and vegetables will be Apple singled out) You can use the two standard classification of objects (for example, size and color standard from each pick out all the big, red items in the items of different sizes and colors)6-year-old: more than 10 items; may be inconsistent, count to 100, may 10,2,5 100, but may be jumping the number or the number of wrong.Homemade chart, analyze the trends of the vocabulary of children aged 0-6 years.0-6 years old children's vocabulary change tableAge vocabulary0 - 1-year-old began to learn the pronunciation ,2-6 words1 - 2 years old 120 - 210 words 3-year-old 1000 words 4-year-old 1600-2000 words 5 years of age 2000-3000 words6-year-old 3000-4000 words Analysis: a child's vocabulary is gradually increased, from incomplete to complete the sentence. 2-year-oldbegan to learn to express their own ideas. Be able to use the vocabulary is also increasing.Part 2: Long Answer Questions essay questionsThe combination of examples to illustrate the development of peer interaction of children 3-6 years old.(1)-year-old children's activities are becoming more and more involved in their partner. In the game, children's learning in consultation with others, to determine their own learning, becoming more and more full of creativity and imagination.(2)-year-old children are usually outgoing, friendly individual. They are very independent, you can choose from a variety of options you want, and begin to solve interpersonal problems in adult guidance.Children's self-centered reduction in the ability to share ideas and materials, the game continue to develop.(3) 5-year-olds are very interested in the interactive. The friendship between the sense of the sustainable development of interaction in group situations. At this stage, with peers and adults interact is key to development. 5-year-old child following the development trend depends on the implementation of particular tasks and activities.Discusses the genetic and environmental factors on the development of infants and young children. Genetic factors is biological premise of the psychological development of children, provide the possibility for child development. Environment that possibility into reality, and to determine the content and direction of the psychological development of children.Genetic role of the psychological development of children, specific performance is as follows:Provide the most basic material prerequisites for human development. The material prerequisites include: the body structure, morphology, sense organs and nervous y the psychological development of children the initial basis for individual differences. The impact of environment on the development of infants and young children:(1) the natural structure of family and economic factors affect the psychological development of preschool children. (2) kindergarten pre-school children's psychological development play a leading role. (3) The society is an important factor to affect the pre-school children's psychological development. Example, analysis of 3-6 years old children's conceptual development.3-6 years old children start with the following concepts:(1) time (such as: before, after, bedtime), space (such as: the concept of, near, far), and identify the number (eg: many more)(2) Size: to know the difference between large and small at the beginning, later accumulation of sets of cups or cubes with trial and error method, may be missed in the process of accumulation, and can identify objects such as "high" and "great". Slowly can determine the minimum and maximum object, the shortest and longest objects. Measure and identify the longer, heavier objects.(3) Quantity: When an object can hold other objects to identify, understand more, most concepts can be identified "multi" and "small" size and number, identify the "half" concept (for example, semi- oranges); two triangles together to form a square or rectangular, knowing the number over 10, you can add and subtract with proper digital operation. The establishment of equal numbers, matching a similar number.(4): to understand the continuous time (sleep throughout the night, playing for a long time), and gradually come to understand the daily routine procedures (for example, the morning, brushing teeth, dressing, eating breakfast, etc.) to identify time by clocks (for example, know the time noted: "When the little fingers point to ..."), to understand today, tomorrow, yesterday relationship, know the four seasons and their changes (fallen leaves, winter, spring).(5) Color: to color name.(6) Shape: correctly identify geometric shapes.(7): in a picture or a maze to find out what is missing.The same: the more things the same point.(8) Sort: trial and error method of arrangement of objects according to size; identify the first, second, last. 5-10 of objects can be arranged according to the order of increasing, decreasing.(9), Match: Match the same size, shape, color.(10) money: penny, five cents, one dime, two-five cents,know the total number of money will buy more things.(11) letters: You can read the alphabet, uppercase letters, lowercase letters.Category: (12) can be used more standard object classification (such as the horseshoe to find all of the toy animal).Optional theme, designed to promote the activities of the mental development of infants and young children. Include: design intent, activity name, age appropriate, activities, objectives, activities to prepare an active process.Design intent: to promote the development of infant mentalEvent name: antActivities Age: 5 years oldActivity objectives: to help children learn to cooperateActivities to prepare: the plane Zhuti, fitness and weight toys, set up activities using the "new home" and "old home" Set different difficulty crawling road, in the middle to set up some obstacles. Increase the difficulty of the game, so that young Children, there is enough interest to participate in the game.Active process: three pairs, one at the starting point for goods shipped, a climb Zhuti the delivery of goods, one at the finish line Catch the goods. Children according to their ability to select appropriate difficult route crawling. The teacher is responsible for protecting Children on Zhuti. After the event in recognition of the brave children of the spirit, experience activities happiness!。
TranslationofTexts1解读
应用翻译包括政府文件、告示、科技论 文、新闻报道、法律文书、商贸信函、产 品说明书、使用手册、广告、技术文本、 科普读物、旅游指南等各类文本。应用翻 译的服务面广，原本主要由专家、编辑、 记者写给外行看的 (specialist/editor/journalist to layman) 。
(方梦之，“我国的应用翻译：定位与 学术研究”，中国翻译，2003/6)
1.4 广告正文的英译
• 例：
•
有些人穿时髦服装以引人注目，有些
人驾驶亮闪闪的车招摇过市，但一杯卡地
沙克酒决不会叫你忘乎所以。你也想潇洒
风流吗？自己到酒吧来尝尝吧。
苏格兰威士忌 口感滋润 非同凡响
•
• 译文： CUTTY SARK SCOTS WHISKY
Some people wear trendy clothes to attract attention.Others drive flashy cars. A glass of Cutty Sark won't turn any heads. But if you insisit on creating a stir,you can always ask the bartender for one of them.
Public Lock To use
1.Press the “deposit” key 2.Take the barcode and the door opens 3.Place articles inside and close the door To remove contents 1.Press the barcode against the scanner 2.Remove the things and close the door
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1.上海无线电二厂
上海无线电二厂是全国著名企业之一，专门生产收音机、收录机、通讯机、无线扩音机和音响设备。
冠以“红灯”、“飞乐”著名商标，享誉国内海外。
该产品款式新颖、音质优美、质量可靠、功能齐备。
它将赢得您的喜爱，并给您的家庭带来欢乐。
地址：中国上海市宜昌路九十六号
电话：583500
Shanghai No.2 Radio Factory
As with you know, our Shanghai No.2 Radio Factory is one of the most famous enterprises in China. We specialized in the productions of radio sets, radio recorders, communication equipments, radio amplifiers and some other audio systems. Equipped with a complete range of functions and attractions of novel design, these famous brands of audio systems named “Red Lantern “and “Feile”, will certainly bring you the stunning sound. Moreover, the brands now are popular both home and abroad. And I’m sure that it will be the best choice for you and your family to have happiness.
Address: No.96, Yi Chang Rode, Shanghai, China
Tel: 583500
2.西苑饭店
西苑饭店是一座具有国际四星级水准的大型涉外饭店，位于北京三里河路，与进出口谈判大楼、北京图书馆、首都体育馆等相毗邻，环境优美，交通便利。
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西苑饭店欢迎您的光临。
Xi Yuan Hotel
The four-star Xiyuan hotel boasts of the easy transportation, quiet and elegant environment as well as first class service. It’s is an international deluxe four-star foreign-related hotel, which located on Sanlihe Road, Beijing, and it is adjacent to Import & Export Negotiation Mansion, Beijing Library, and Capital Gymnasium.
There are more than 1300 rooms available with opulent comforts of the modern facilities and courtesy service. 12 restaurants and bars will certainly ensure you to enjoy Cantonese, Shandong, Sichuan, Huaiyang and Xinjiang Moslem Cuisine in the Chinese restaurant. In addition, you can also enjoy some Russian, French and British dishes in the western ones. Equipped with modern communication appliances such as fax, telex and IDD, as well as a full set of comprehensive service and recreational facilities available, every guest has access to the sound service of the hotel.
Xiyuan Hotel: Service is all and all is for you.
高富帅：grand, beau et riche / BCBG (bon chic bon genre)
白富美：jeune et riche perle (de beauté) / belle, jeune et riche / BCBG (bon chic bon genre)
官二代：enfant / fils (ou fille) / gosse de fonctionnaire
富二代：gosse de riche
星二代：enfant / fils (ou fille) de star
拼爹：course au père le mieux placé/ course àcelui qui aura le père le plus haut placé/ le chantage du père le plus haut placé/ « Mon père, il est plus fort que le tien ! »
屌丝：« sans le sou » / « va-nu-pieds » / loser / perdant / vaurien
婚姻保卫战：lutter pour protéger le mariage / les ultimes efforts pour sauver / sauvegarder le mariage
“色”友（摄友）：fan / mordu de photographie / photographe fanatique
驴友：randonneur / backpaker / routard / grand aventurier / fan de voyages
神器：appareil multifonction
气场：charisme / charismatique
文艺青年：jeune passionnépar les arts / ayant un côtéartiste / jeune bobo
普通青年：jeune sans trait particulier / sans rien de particulier / mec banal
小清新：(femme ou homme) au cœur tendre / fleur bleue
喵星人：chat
汪星人：chien
萌：Moe / cute / mignon / trognon / chou / adorable
卖萌：jouer aux / les innocents
吐槽：se plaindre
你懂的：« Tu vois ce que je veux dire. »。