西南大学《英语写作一》(高)网上作业题及答案

[0172]《英语写作一》(高)第一次[判断题]Short sentences are less emphatic than long ones.参考答案：错误[判断题]There is a metaphor in "My love is like a red, red rose."参考答案：错误[判断题]Native words are more informal than Latinate words.参考答案：正确[判断题]"It is ages since I saw you last time" is an antithesis.参考答案：错误[判断题]According to rhetoric, sentences are loose, periodic and balanced.参考答案：正确[判断题]Good diction means proper words in proper places.参考答案：正确[判断题]Sentence fragment is a complete sentence.参考答案：错误[判断题]Transferred epithet is also called hypallage.参考答案：正确[判断题]Simile means symbol参考答案：错误[判断题]Another word for hyperbole is overstatement参考答案：正确第二次[判断题]The most important qualities of effective sentences are unity, coherence, and conciseness.参考答案：正确[判断题]Words from French are less formal than native words参考答案：错误[判断题]Anglo-Saxon words are more formal than words from Latin.参考答案：错误[判断题]A comparison paragraph is concerned with differences between two subjects 参考答案：错误[判断题]There is a simile in "He is a snake in the grass."参考答案：错误[判断题]In the English language, there are many words from French and Latin.参考答案：正确[判断题]A topic sentence states the main idea of a paragraph.参考答案：正确[判断题]Loose and periodic sentences are the same参考答案：错误[判断题]Denotation means connotation.参考答案：错误[判断题]We must use more short sentences in telling stories参考答案：正确第三次[论述题]What is metonymy?参考答案：a figure of speech characterized by the substitution of one term for another with which it is closely associated. Or according to Webster's New International Dictionary, metonymy "consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated. Examples are "The pen is mightier than the sword”; "She was raised on the bottle”; "Look, the ket tle is boiling”[论述题]What is figure of speech?参考答案：the artistic arrangement of language. It is the estrangement and defamiliarization of ordinary expressions for special effects. It emphasizes the fact that linguistic effect is perceptible to the mind and the eye. Generally, we distinguish figures of similarity that include simile, metaphor, and personification; figures of relationship that incorporate metonymy, synecdoche, epithet, allusion, and pun; and figures of opposition that include oxymoron, irony, and paradox. A different distinction, however, is made between figures of speech and figures of thought. Figures of speech, or rhetorical figures, refer to the artful employment of language in such a way as to retain its literal meaning. It is the change of form, not meaning. Figures of thought, also known as tropes, however, involve changes in the meaning of words. They appeal to the mind of the reader and audience. A trope, as Quintilian put it, is the "conversion of a word or phrase from its proper signification to another.” And a figure, he said, is a form of speech different from the "ordinary mode of expression.”第四次[论述题]What is metaphor?参考答案：A metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. In a metaphor there is an implicit comparison between two things which are essentially different. There is, however, a common quality shared by the two things compared. A metaphor, unlike a simile, is without such words as "like” or "as.” A metaphor can be used for emphasis, ornament, defamiliarization, and the like.[论述题]What is simile?参考答案：A figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two distinctly different things. The comparison is made explicit by the use of such words as "like” and "as.” Sometimes, similes are even introduced by words like compare, liken, resemble, than, appears, and seems. Ametaphor diff ers from a simile in that it is without the word "like” or "as.” It is a compressed simile. But the use of "like” or "as” in a sentence or line does not always indicate there is a simile in it. For example, there is no simile if one says "The child looks like his father.” Though comparison does exist here, it is not made between two essentially dissimilar things. Familiar instances of similes are "as stubborn as a mule,” "as clear as a bell,” "as fast as the wind,” "as timid as a hare,” "as cool as a cucumber,” and "He smokes like a chimney.”第五次[论述题]What is a loose sentence?参考答案：one in which the main clause is followed by the subordinate clause. The reverse arrangement makes a periodic sentence. Loose sentences are more frequently used than periodic sentences. But periodic sentences are often used for emphasis or senten ce variety. "I was absent because I was ill” is loose; and "Because I was ill, I was absent” is periodic.[论述题]What is a periodic sentence?参考答案：From a rhetorical point of view, sentences are loose, balanced, or periodic. A periodic sentence expresses the main idea at or near the end of the sentence. It is not grammatically complete until the end is reached. The reader does not know what the sentence is mainly about until he or she finishes reading it. Thus a sense of suspense and curiosity is created. An example is the sentence that begins Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. This sentence is not complete either in syntax or meaning before the last word. So it is clearly of the periodic structure.第六次[论述题]What is parallelism?参考答案：a writer's technique of using similar grammatical forms to express similar ideas. A commonly employed device in poetry and prose, it consists of similarly constructed words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. The elements in a parallel structure are not only of similar syntactic forms but also of equal importance. Most parallel structures are composed of three or more than three elements, but some have only two elements. In the latter case, the two elements are combined with a coordinating or correlative conjunction.[论述题]What is a paragraph?参考答案：a unit, section or subdivision in a piece of writing. It is a group of sentences dealing with a particular point. A good paragraph has at least three qualities: unity, coherence, and sufficient development. Sentencesin a typical paragraph can be put into four groups according to their functions. They are paragraph introducer, paragraph developers, viewpoint or context modulator, and paragraph terminator. Ways of paragraph development include: time order, space order, listing method, example method, comparison, contrast, definition, cause and effect, classification, division or analysis, and process description.。