修辞总结版

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B. 用do, do so 或so do来代替重复出现的主要动词或整个谓语成分。 E.g. 你答应了帮助他就应当去帮助他。 You should help him since you have promised to do so. 我们开了一次会，劝大家到群众里面去。后来许多人去了，得到了很 好的效果。
We held a forum and advised them to go among the masses. Later on, many did, and the results were very good.
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Inversion
倒装
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按语法分
完全倒装 Full Inversion
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半谐音(Assonance) It’s a fair and square affair from the beginning to then end. (这件事自始至终都是光明正大的。) All roads lead to Rome. A little pot is soon hot. (壶小易热，量小易怒)
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蝉联(Anadiplosis)
Labor and care are rewarded with success， success produces confidence, confidence relaxes industry, and negligence ruins the reputation which diligence had raised．
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假省笔法（Paral Ellipsis） Frank:” Then you can have no idea what a girl she is. Such character! Such sense and her cleverness! Oh, my eye, Praed, but I can tell you she is clever! And---need I add?----she loves me.”
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和声(Consonance) Love is romantic, but life is realistic. Learning a foreign language need intelligence, confidence, diligence and perseverance.
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押韵(Rhyme) I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the tree,
首尾重复(Epanalepsis) 蝉联(Anadiplosis)
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头韵(Alliteration) “Speech is silver，silence is gold”． Neither fish nor flesh 不伦不类
In for a penny, in for a pound
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尾词重复 (Epistrophe) Blood hath bought blood， and blows have answered blows： Strength matched with strength， And power confronted power．
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2）代替 A. 用代词或别的名词代替重复使用的名词或名词词组 E.g. 我们民族将再也不是被人欺侮的民族了，我们已经站 起来了。 Ours will no longer be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. We have stood up. “妈，别听王奶奶的！王奶奶是个老顽固！” “Ma, don’t listen to Granny Wang; she’s an old diehard!”
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2.部分倒装
only +状语或状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装
* Only in this way, can I explain it to you. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分 *So interesting is the lecture that the audience starts sleeping.
hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首。
*No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
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名词性省略（Noun Ellipsis） e.g. 甲: “去哪了？” 乙: “天太热,洗澡去了。” e.g. —“I received no message.” —“I didn’t send any.”
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动词性省略(Verbal Ellipsis) 甲: 明天你能去看电影吗？ 乙:能。
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表语倒装
*Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements. 注：主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装 *A very reliable person he is.
—Have you ever heard of this ?
—No, I haven’t.
—What have you been doing?
—Swimming.
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分句性省略 分句性省略是指把整个小句或小句的一部分省略掉的现象。 在问答语篇中,这种小句省略的现象很常见。英汉篇章中 都经常出现小句省略现象。在这个层面上,两者的差异性 不大。 ---Did you say the stars were the worlds, Tess? ---Yes.(I said the stars were the worlds.)
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分类： 语音重复(Phonetic Repetition) 头韵(Alliteration) 半谐音(Assonance)
和声(Consonance)
百度文库
押韵(Rhyme)
词汇重复(Lexical Repetition)
首语重复(Anahpora)
同词根重复(Polypton)
尾词重复(Epistrophe)
突接
折断语路突接前话，或者突接当时的心事，因此把话折成了上气不接下气 。 例：幸而我的母亲也就进来，从旁说：“他多年出门，统忘却了。你该记得罢，”便向我说， “这是斜对门的杨二嫂，……开豆腐店的。”（鲁迅《故乡》）
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消极省略 E.g. Women are the opposite of clocks: clocks serve to remand us of the hours; women to make us forget them. (Fontenell)
（谓语+主语）
部分倒装
Partial Inversion
（助动词/情态动词+主语+动词）
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1.完全倒装
当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词在句首 * There goes the bell! 方位状语在句首 * From the valley came a cry for help. 直接引语在句首(可倒装也可不倒装) * “What does it mean?” asked the boy.
省略 反复 倒装 通感 矛盾修辞
PPT制作：李陈静 何常宁 陆玮（英语118班 ） PPT讲演：朱李晨（英语118班）
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Ellipsis（省略）
定义：省略指的是为了避免重复，把语言结构中的某个成分 省去，它是表达简练、紧凑、清晰的一种修辞方法。
省略的类型
名词性省略
动词性省略 分句性省略
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跳脱 （Aposiopesis）
急收
说到半路突然中断，不肯说尽，使人得其意于言语之外。 例：己知道是出场人物，被女人当大众这样辱骂，很不雅观，便只得抬起头，慢慢 地说道： “你今天说现成话，那时你……” （鲁迅《风波》）
遮断
一个人的话说到中途被另一个人的话遮拦打断。 例：那和尚便道：“师兄请坐，听小僧――”智深睁着眼道，“你说，你说！”“说： 先敝寺十分好个去处 田庄又广僧众极多……” （施耐庵《水浒传》）
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同词根重复(Polypton) The oppressed are oppressed because oppressi on is to the oppressor's interests, and because the oppressed lack.
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重复修辞手法的翻译策略
若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时，可将if省去后，把 were, had , should 放主语之前引起倒装
*Were I free, I would travel around China. *Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to school.
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按修辞作用分
强调作用 a.谓语倒装 b.表语倒装 c.宾语倒装 d.状语倒装
平衡作用
衔接作用
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谓语倒装
*“Come along, then.” said the bird. *...but toward the end there came the terrible storm...
1）省略
E.g. 上头说把沟堵死。好吗，沟一堵死，下点雨，咱们这 儿还不成了海？（老舍《龙须沟》）
The authorities said the Ditch would be filled in. Well then, the place would have turned into a lake on rainy days, wouldn’t it?
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
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首语重复(Anahpora) Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow and green valley below! Farewell to the straths! Farewell to the forests and high-hanging woods! Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods!
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积极省略 消极省略
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积极省略 连词省略/ 散珠（Asyndeton） 假省笔法（Paral Ellipsis）
跳脱 （Aposiopesis）
急收、遮断、突接
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连词省略/ 散珠（Asyndeton） I came, I saw, I conquered. -----Plutarch
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省略的翻译策略
由于英语重形合, 汉语重意合, 在英汉互译时, 汉语主要通 过原词重复或其他词汇手段来表达意义。 英语多省略谓语, 汉语多省略主语。在英汉互译时，英注 重将缺失的部分补充完整。
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Repetition（重复）
定义： 在一个句子或段落中不止一次地出现同一种发音、同一个词语、同样 的结构甚至相同的句子的一种修辞方法叫做重复。 作用： 突出重点 加深印象 抒发感情 承上启下等效果