无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第6章
材料科学与工程专业英语06-unit08
翻译: 包埋过程 包埋过程是在较低温度下(约750℃)进行 的. 相关的组分被装进装有混合粉末(一种活性 涂层材料, 含有铝, 催化剂(氯或者氟化物), 和 热压载, 如氧化铝)的箱子里. 高温下气态的氯 化铝或氟化铝可以从超耐热合金内部转移到表 面. 反应过程结束之后, 即得到所谓的“绿色 涂料”, 但这种涂料因其非常薄而且易碎, 所以 不可以直接使用. “绿色涂料”经过随后的扩 散热处理（在1080温度℃热处理几个小时） 后导致其内部发生进一步的扩散，最终形成理 想的涂层。
Discussion
What are superalloys ? For examples. Where have superalloys been used ? Give some applications. Discuss the future of superalloys .
练习题2. Translate the following into Chinese
。
The historical development in superalloy processing have brought about considerable increases in superalloy operating temperatures. 随着高温合金加工技术的发展使得高温合金的操 作温度获得了相当的提升。 Single-crystal superalloys ( SC superalloys ) are formed as a single crystal using a modified version of the directional solidification technique, so there are no grain boundaries in the material. 单晶高温合金（SC高温合金）是利用改进后的 定向凝固技术合成的单晶，因此材料中不存在晶 界。 源自
无机非金属材料工程专业英语-第1章
In fact, early civilizations have been designated （命名） by the level of their materials development (i.e., Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
5
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Related to: be concerned with 相关的 Encompass：to completely cover or surround sth.覆盖或
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
15
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
It was not until relatively recent times that scientist came to understand the relationship between structural elements of materials and their properties.
明智的
criterion
准则
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
10
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
1.1 Historical perspective (观察，透视)
• Materials are probably more deep-seated (根 深蒂固的, 深层的) in our culture than most of us realize.
材料科学与工程专业英语04—unit5-6
Anisotropic：各向异性的 Isotropic：各向同性的 Orientation：取向度
• • • •
Extrusion：挤出 Casting：铸件 Forging：锻件 Logitudinal direction：径向
• Transverse direction：横向（宽）
• Short transverse direction：厚 • Elongation 伸长率 • Average value：平均值
Strength:强度 Ductility：延展性 Hardness：硬度 Impact resistance：耐冲击 Toughness：韧性
Fracture toughness：断裂韧性
• Texture：织构
• Cold working operation：冷加工 • Fiber reinforcement：纤维增强
Unit 6 Looking beyond the last 50 years
Retrospective view:回顾
材料科学与工程专业英语
Special English for Materials Science and Engineering
Unit 5 Mechanical properties of Materials Unit 6 Looking beyond the last 50 years
Words
Question
Because of the variability in the vae usually do when measuring mechanical properties of materials?
材料工程专业英语UNIT SIX-LESSON FIVE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Let us investigate whether this condition is satisfied by the involute. It is clear that since the string is taut at all times, the path of the point of contact between the two involutes is a straight line. This line intersects the line of centers (AB) at P. Also, the involute is by definition normal to its generating line (i.e., the string) at all times, since the involute is a circular arc with everincreasing radius, and a radius is always perpendicular to its circular arc. Therefore, if we can prove that point P is the pitch point, we have satisfied all the above mentioned requirements.
There are other types of cams; these are, however, outside the scope of this chapter.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
材料工程专业英语 UNIT SIX-LESSON TWO
parameter 参数，参量
coordination 相互位置
surface finish 表面光洁度
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(c)The degree of coincidence of the real parameters obtained after a part is manufactured, with the parameters defined in part design, represents the manufacturing quality of the part. For the convenience of analysis, the degree of coincidence between the real macro-geometrical parameters (dimension, shape and coordination) of a part obtained after machining, and those specified in part design is defined as machining accuracy. The degree of coincidence between the real micro-geometrical parameters (surface finish) and the parameters of the physic-mechanical properties of part surfaces, obtained after machining a part, with those specified in part design is defined as surface quality. Other physical and chemical parameters are involved only in some special cases.
无机非金属材料专业英语译文
第一部分无机材料物理化学第1单元晶体化学键类型离子键在有些晶体中，原子通常呈现这样一种状态，那就是它的电子结构同稀有气体的电子结构类似，它的最外层轨道要么失去多余的电子，要么被填满达到8个电子的稳定结构。
为了保持电中性，晶体中通常同时存在有些原子失去电子而有些原子得到电子。
前者形成带正电的阳离子，后者则形成带负电的阴离子。
离子所带电量是电子电量的整数倍。
这种晶体中离子之间的结合力是静电吸引力，这种类型的晶体被称为离子晶体。
由于离子的电场呈球型对称结构，所以离子键是各向同性的，也就是说离子键没有方向性而且每个离子都尽可能多的与其他离子之间成键，所以离子键具有不饱和性。
碱金属卤化物盐是典型的离子晶体，其原因是碱金属元素的最外层只有一个电子，而卤族元素的最外层恰好缺少一个电子而达到8个电子的稳定结构。
这种观念与化学键的概念完全相同，只是没有把晶体视为分子化合物，而把它看作一种均一的结构，对他而言化学式只表示元素的比值，而元素的几何排布是描述该物质必不可少的部分。
例如，化学式NaCl并不代表一个分子结构单元，因为在晶体中每个离子与很多个最近邻的异号离子接触，所以在NaCl晶体中每个Na+离子周围有六个等价的最近邻的Cl-离子，反之亦然。
共价键亥特勒和伦敦在1927年用量子力学精确地计算了氢分子模型，得出氢分子存在由原先的单原子状态构成的两种可能的最低能量状态，其中能量更低的这种对应于电子自旋反平行取向的单一态又称为零自旋能级。
两个单原子状态的与结合后的分子状态的能量差被称为两个原子共有的交换力（结合力），它的大小取决于电子波函数的重叠。
这种键合形式叫做相似极化或原子极化。
根据鲍林规则，成对电子中两个电子的自旋方向不同，具有更复杂电子结构的原子之间的共价键也具有这种特征。
原子轨道上的单电子波函数重叠形成了共有状态的波函数，键也就重新建立。
共价键的主要特征是饱和性而且当给定原子有多个共价键时，各个键之间具有相互取向性。
材料工程专业英语UNIT SIX-LESSON ONE
repeat the same procedure for the next workpiece or next set of
cost accounting 成本会计， 成本核算
narrow sense 狭义
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
There are various manufacturing processes used for converting raw materials into finished parts. These processes include casting, forging, welding, punching, forming, machining, heattreatment, plating, coating, and so on. Among them, the machining process plays an important role in the manufacture of parts.
process 过程 工艺规程,方法 in a sense 从某种意义上说
sum total 总数 as far as 至于
blank 空白的 毛坯，坯件
part 部分，零件
mechanism 机构，机理 unit 单位，部件
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
The processes, acting directly upon the manufactured objects, change the shape, dimensions and properties of raw materials or semi-finished products, or assemble parts into final products. These processes are manufacturing (or production) processes in a narrow sense.
无机非金属材料工程专业英语
无机非金属材料工程专业英语一、无机非金属材料概论中文英文无机非金属材料inorganic non-metallic materials 定义definition分类classification组成composition结构structure性能properties制备方法preparation methods应用领域application fields陶瓷ceramics玻璃glass耐火材料refractories水泥cement石膏gypsum石棉asbestos碳素材料carbon materials石墨graphite碳纤维carbon fiber碳纳米管carbon nanotube钻石diamond全氟聚合物fluoropolymer聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)聚偏氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)聚合物陶瓷polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs)氧化物陶瓷oxide ceramics氧化铝alumina (Al2O3)氧化锆zirconia (ZrO2)氧化镁magnesia (MgO)氧化钛titania (TiO2)非氧化物陶瓷non-oxide ceramics氮化硅silicon nitride (Si3N4)氮化铝aluminium nitride (AlN)碳化硅silicon carbide (SiC)碳化钨tungsten carbide (WC)碳化钛titanium carbide (TiC)二、物理化学中文英文物理化学physical chemistry物质matter结构structure组成composition性质properties变化规律laws of change分子运动论kinetic theory of molecules分子molecule原子atom离子ion气体gas液体liquid固体solid理想气体ideal gas真实气体real gas相平衡phase equilibrium相phase相图phase diagram相规则phase rule单元系unary system二元系binary system三元系ternary system溶液理论solution theory溶液solution溶剂solvent溶质solute浓度concentration摩尔分数mole fraction理想溶液ideal solution非理想溶液non-ideal solutionRaoult定律Raoult's lawHenry定律Henry's law三、无机材料科学基础中文英文无机材料科学基础fundamentals of inorganic materials science 无机材料inorganic materials结构structure性能properties结构-性能关系structure-property relationship晶体结构crystal structure晶体系统crystal system点阵类型lattice type空间群space group单胞参数lattice parameters基元胞primitive cell单位胞unit cell四、热工基础中文英文热工基础thermal engineering fundamentals热力学thermodynamics传热学heat transfer流体力学fluid mechanics热工学科thermal engineering disciplines 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力系统thermodynamic system系统边界system boundary系统状态system state状态方程equation of state过程process循环cycle工作物质working substance理想气体ideal gas气体常数gas constant温度temperature压力pressure体积volume内能internal energy热容heat capacity比热容specific heat capacity焓enthalpy熵entropy自由能free energy吉布斯函数Gibbs function卡诺循环Carnot cycle热效率thermal efficiency 反向卡诺循环reversed Carnot cycle制冷系数coefficient of performance传导传热heat conduction傅里叶定律Fourier's law热导率thermal conductivity热阻thermal resistance稳态传热steady-state heat transfer非稳态传热transient heat transfer对流传热heat convection对流换热系数convection heat transfer coefficient 力对流forced convection自然对流natural convection努塞尔特数Nusselt number辐射传热heat radiation斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律Stefan-Boltzmann law黑体blackbody发射率emissivity吸收率absorptivity反射率reflectivity透射率transmissivity灰体graybody视域因子view factor流体静力学fluid statics流体fluid密度density粘度viscosity表面张力surface tension液压hydrostatics帕斯卡定律Pascal's law流体运动方程equations of fluid motion质量守恒方程continuity equation动量守恒方程momentum equation能量守恒方程energy equation雷诺数Reynolds number理想流体ideal fluid实际流体real fluid层流laminar flow湍流turbulent flow边界层boundary layer阻力drag升力lift伯努利方程Bernoulli's equation皮托管Pitot tube五、无机非金属材料物理性能中文英文无机非金属材料物理性能physical properties of inorganic non-metallic materials 电学性能electrical properties磁学性能magnetic properties光学性能optical properties声学性能acoustic properties热学性能thermal properties电导率electrical conductivity电阻率electrical resistivity电容率electrical capacitance介电常数dielectric constant压电效应piezoelectric effect热电效应thermoelectric effect光电效应photoelectric effect半导体性质semiconductor properties铁电性质ferroelectric properties磁导率magnetic permeability磁化率magnetic susceptibility磁滞回线hysteresis loop铁磁性质ferromagnetic properties反铁磁性质antiferromagnetic properties顺磁性质paramagnetic properties抗磁性质diamagnetic properties光学常数optical constants折射率refractive index反射率reflectance吸收率absorbance透射率transmittance色散现象dispersion phenomenon双折射现象birefringence phenomenon声速sound velocity声阻抗acoustic impedance。
无机非金属材料专业英语课件(共128张PPT)
材料工程专业英语UNIT SIX-LESSON FOUR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Bearings with rolling contact have no slipstick effect, low starting torque and running friction, and unlike as in journal bearings, the coefficient of friction varies little with load or speed. Low starting torque is of great advantage in railroad cars, and the railroad industry has given the main impetus for the development of mass-produced roller bearings in the past, mainly for this reason.
by typically cyclical loads, all bearings with rolling contact will
eventually fail by fatigue when operated at their rated load.
Metal failure is the surface of
3. Needle bearings usually have neither an inner race nor a cage. The needles are retained by integral flanges on the outer race. Transitional types between roller and needle bearings are found in many catalogs.
无机非金属材料专业英语
被铝取代的氧O2-ion replaced by Al3+比热specific heat波函数wave function玻璃态的vitreous玻璃组成glass composition 不完整的配位incomplete coordination长石feldspar成对电子paired electrons 初晶相the primary phase 磁光效应magneto-optic effect缔合缺陷associated defects 电导conductivity电光效应electro-optic effect电子空穴electron holes电子排布electronconfiguration断裂韧性fracture-toughness二价阳离子divalentcation钙铝硅酸盐玻璃calcium-aluminateglass刚性体rigid body锆英石zircon共沉淀和过饱和coprecipitationandsupersaturation共价键covalent bonds固体电解质Solid electrolyte硅铝酸盐alumina-silica红外投射infraredtransmission互溶体mutual solution化学方程式chemical formulate碱金属alkali metal碱金属硅酸盐玻璃alkali silicateglass碱金属卤化物hailde of alkalimetals角连接的硅氧四面体[SiO4]tetrahedrawith shared corners介电常数、强度、损耗dielectricconstant、strength、losses紧密堆积结构closed-packedstructure近似立方紧密堆积nearly cubicclose-packedstructure净化工艺purificatinprocedures颗粒尺寸分布particle sizedistribution颗粒的重排和团聚particlerearrangement andagglomerate快离子导体Fast ion conductor冷却速率cooling rate离子键ionic bonds链状排列chain arrangement莫来石mullite母体玻璃parent glass钠钙硅玻璃soda-lime-silicaglass配位数coordinationnumber喷雾干燥和煅烧spray-drying andcalcination缺乏absence of缺陷化学defect chemistry热历史the thermal history热能thermal energy热膨胀系数thermal expansioncoefficient熔点melting point软化范围softening range三元系统the ternary system受控结晶controlledcrystallization水软化water softener四面体tetrahedron体积核化volume nucleation退火玻璃annealing glass退火和烧结温度annealing andsinteringtemperature网络结构network structure网络条整体network modifier相图phase diagram学说theory学说解释account for压敏电阻和热敏电阻varistor andthermistor亚原子粒子subatomicparticles衍生结构derivationstructure阳离子cation氧化锆陶瓷zirconia-basedceramics氧离子oxygen ions液相温度liquidustemperature一价阴离子univalent anion异质核化heter ogeneousnucleation阴离子anion阴离子空位vacant anion sites有效电荷effective charges折射率和色散index of refractionand dispersion中间体intermediate转变温度transmissiontemperatureact as作为，冲当aggregation of finepowder细粉团聚alumina-silica铝硅酸盐as compared to与…比较ball-milled powers球磨粉末be based on以…为基础be regarded as被认为是chanrgedinterstitial site带电间隙位chemical formulate化学方程式cohesive fore内聚力commence with从……开始effectivelyneutral charge有效中性点荷fireclay products黏土烧制产品framework框架结构glassy andcrystalline grainboundary phases玻璃相和晶界相hexagonalclosed-packedstructure六方紧密堆积结构host lattice主晶格hot uniaxialpressing单轴热压hybridization ofthe atomic orbitals原子杂化轨道in particular of特别尤其in spite of尽管isotronic均质的isotrophicsubstitution均匀取代layed structure层状结构Low temperaturemodifications低温变体non-metal非金属octahedral hole八面体空隙olivine minerals橄榄石矿物on the basis of 以…为基础point defects点缺陷quantum mechanics 量子力学shrinkage and densification收缩和致密化solid solution固溶体tetrahedral coordinations四面体配位tetrahedral site 四面体位置Three dimensiona models三维结构模型transmission of light beams透过光束transparency、translucency、opacity透明、半透明、不透明universal acceptance普遍认可vacancy pair空位对Van der Waals forces范德华力vice versa反之亦然。
无机非金属《专业英语》课程教学大纲
《专业英语》课程教学大纲课程代码：050441028课程英文名称： Professional English课程总学时：24 讲课：24 实验：0 上机：0适用专业：无机非金属材料工程大纲编写（修订）时间：2017.10一、大纲使用说明（一）课程的地位及教学目标《无机非金属材料专业》专业外语课程是无机非金属专业的一门必修课，通过课堂上教师讲授、学生练习与讨论以及课后作业，完成教学内容和达到掌握无机非金属材料专业要求的基本专业英语词汇的教学目的。
教学基本要求：（1）学习常用科技英语词汇、术语；（2）掌握科技英语的特点；（3）提高运用英语从事专业相关的阅读、写作、会话的能力。
（二）知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求1.基本知识：掌握无机非金属材料专业要求的基本专业英语词汇，训练阅读、翻译、写作的技巧和方法，重点在于无机非金属材料专业英语词汇量的扩展，专业英语翻译和摘要的写作。
2.基本理论和方法：通过专业词汇、短语、重点段落讲述，掌握无机材料物理化学、玻璃、陶瓷、水泥与混凝土、耐火材料、宝石学和无机材料工程的专业英语使用。
3.基本技能：具备初步阅读无机非金属材料专业英文资料的能力。
（三）实施说明1.教学方法：以单词——短语——段落——课文讲解为主线，对课程中的重点、难点问题着重讲解。
通过提问和课堂测试的方式调动学生学习的主观能动性，强化学生运用知识的能力，培养自学能力。
2.教学手段：本课程属于专业课，在教学中采用电子教案、CAI课件及多媒体教学系统等先进教学手段，以确保在有限的学时内，全面、高质量地完成课程教学任务。
（四）对先修课的要求本课程的教学必须在完成先修课程之后进行。
本课程主要的先修课程有大学英语、无机材料科学基础、砼工艺学、特种陶瓷等。
（五）对习题课、实验环节的要求无（六）课程考核方式1.考核方式：考查2.成绩构成：本课程的总成绩主要由两部分组成：平时成绩（包括作业情况、课堂表现等）占30%，随堂测验70%。
材料工程专业英语UNIT SIX-LESSON SIX
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Various attempts have been made to prevent this effect, in particular by continuing rotation without any further cutter infeed but if the shaping machine is not very rigid and the cutter very sharp then no further cutting will occur and the error will not be removed.
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版六单元后翻译
第一部分金属材料和合金单元 6 金属和合金导论定义在化学中，金属（希腊语：Metallon）被定义为容易失去电子形成正离子（阳离子）并在其他金属原子之间形成金属键（与非金属形成离子键）的元素。
元素周期表中的金属正式定义为锂、铍、钠、镁、铝、钾、钙、钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、镓、铷、锶、钇、锆、铌、钼、锝、钌、铑、钯、银、镉、铟、锡、锑、铯、钡、镧、铪、钽»钨、铼、锇、铱、汞、铂、金铊、铅和铋。
金属有时被描述为被离域电子云包围的正离子晶格。
金属是以其电离和键合特性而著称的三组元素之一，以及准金属和非金属。
在元素周期表上，从硼 (B) 到钋 (Po) 绘制的对角线将金属与非金属分开。
这条线上的大多数元素是准金属，有时也称为半金属；左下方的元素是金属；右上角的元素是非金属。
金属的另一种定义是它们的电子结构中具有重叠的导带和价带。
这个定义开辟了金属聚合物和其他有机金属的类别，这些金属聚合物和其他有机金属已由研究人员制造并用于高科技设备。
这些合成材料通常具有元素金属特有的银灰色反射（光泽）。
化学性质金属通常倾向于通过失去电子而形成阳离子，在变化的时间尺度内与空气中的氧气反应形成氧化物（铁会生锈多年，而钾会在几秒钟内燃烧）。
碱金属是最易挥发的，其次是碱土金属，在元素周期表的最左边的两组中发现。
例子：4Na + 。
2 ------- ► 2NagO（氧化钠）2Ca + ( ) 2 2Ca() (氧化钙)4A1 + 302 -------- > 2Al 2 O3（氧化铝）过渡金属（如铁、铜、锌和镍）需要更长时间才能氧化。
其他的，如钯、铂和金，根本不与大气发生反应。
一些金属在其表面形成一层氧化物阻挡层，不能被更多的氧分子渗透，因此几十年来保持其闪亮的外观和良好的导电性（如铝、某些钢和钛）。
金属的氧化物是碱性的（与非金属的氧化物相反，它们是酸性的），尽管这可能被认为是经验法则，而不是事实。
材料科学与工程专业英语6
材料科学与工程专业英语6Composite materials复合材料Ferroconcrete钢筋混凝土Steel reinforcement钢筋Civil engineering土木工程Polymeric materials聚合物材料Structural properties结构性能Tailor structure performance调整结构 Thermal expansion热膨胀Fatigue resistance耐疲劳Science efforts科研工作Comprehension综合理解Optimization最佳化Structural composite materials结构复合材料 Component部件Economic经济上State of the art技术水平Satisfy specific requite满足特殊需求 Thermoplastic based composite 热塑性塑料基复合材料Composites based on Natural occurring materials天然存在材料为基体的复合材料Resin树脂Cost-efficient合算Biomedical生物医学Concurrent engineering methodology并存的工程方法论Natural tissues天然组织College of material science and engineering材料科学与工程学院Cross-disciplinary strategies交叉学科策略 National institute for advanced interdisciplinary research国家先进跨学科研究院Combining element综合元素Tissue engineering组织工程Trend趋势Quality assurance质量保证Specific functional properties功能特性 The principal requirement最主要的要求 Filler size填料大小Surface chemical nature表面化学特性 Magnetic-elastic磁致弹性Significantly enhance明显提高Elasto-dynamic response弹性动力学响应 Atoms原子Electrons电子Mature manufacturing technology成熟加工技术 Set at design level处于设计水平Expectation期望Sensor传感器Actuators调节器Organ器官Artificial prosthesis人造假肢 Muscle肌肉Cartilage软骨Soft tissue软组织Composite structure复合结构 Biohybrid technology生物杂化技术Culture cells培养细胞Delivery vehicle运载工具 Polymeric biodegradable scaffold可降解的聚合物支架纳米材料Nanostructured materials纳米材料 Categories种类Chemical composition化学组成 The arrangement of the atoms原子排列Atomic structure原子结构 Solid state physics固体物理 Inert gas惰性气体Condensation冷凝Amorphous无固定形状的 Precipitation沉降Crystalline结晶Devices器件装备Multilayer quantum多层量子 Nanometer-sized纳米尺寸 Bulk块状Ion implantation离子植入 Laser beam激光束Supersaturated liquid饱和液体 Atomic structure of solid surface固体表面的原子结构Hardness硬的Modify修改修饰Corrosion resistance抗腐蚀 Wear resistance耐磨损Protective coating保护层 Subgroup分枝Free surface自由表面Pattern模型Lithograph光蚀刻Local probes局部探测Near-field近场Focused聚焦的Beams电流能量Integrated circuit集成电路 Single electron transistor单电子晶体管Building blocks构筑模型 Gels胶体Supersaturated solid solutions过饱和固溶体Nano-length scale纳米尺度 Implanted materials植入材料 Quenching淬火Annealing退火Assembled装配Incoherent非共格Coherent interface共格晶面 Heterogeneous非均质的 Grain boundaries晶界Inherently天生的，固有的 Synonymous同义的Exclusively专有的，表征 Concept概念Industrial society工业社会 Triggered引发Technological revolution科技发展 Steam engine蒸汽机Initiated开创Industrial era工业时代 Silicon technology硅技术 Phase阶段Embryonic胚胎Intergration集成Illustrate说明Chemical systems化学物系 Monomer单体Block模板Backbone主链Organism有机体Life science生命科学Macroscopic design宏观设计 Molecular application of synthetic materials合成材料的结构应用Reshuffle重组Buzz Word术语Phenomena现象Scientific environment科学环境 Microscopy显微技术Determine确定Characterize表征Architecture结构Fullerenes富勒烯Nanotube纳米管Dendritic枝状Hyperbranched超支化 Promising希望Milestone里程碑Dendrimers枝状单体Multifunctional macromolecular多功能大分子Non-covalent非共价Covalent compound共价化合物 Ionic compound离子化合物 Organic compound有机化合物 Supramolecular超分子 Mimicking模拟Potential关键Sustainable民用Modify改变Concept of life生活观念 Thorough彻底Chemical industry化学工业 Merger合并Fusion融合Life cycle生命周期S-curve S曲线Cracker裂化装置Bulk polymer本体聚合物 Synergy协同作用Solution provider决策者 Principal原理Spin-off company派生公司 Pronounced明确的Polymeric materials高分子材料 Co-operation合作Venture capital风险投资 Entrepreneurial spirit企业家精神 Crucial至关重要Capacitor电容器Water purification systems水纯化装置Solid-solubility固熔度 Electronegativity电负性 Chemical formula化学式Stainless steels不锈钢Transition metal过渡金属 Copolymer共聚物Homopolymer均聚物Cells in parallel并联Cells in series串联Inorganic nomatallic material无机非金属Wavelength波长Dielectric constant介电常数 Adverse effect副作用Fatigue resistance抗疲劳性 Defect缺陷Photovoltaic cell光生伏打灯 Biomimetic仿生Uniform均一的Dispersion分散Short circuit短路Battery shot电池短路Open circuit开路Environmental friendly环境友好 Interdisciplinary各学科间的Mechanical机械的、力学的 Magnetic磁力的Optical视觉的Deteriorative变化的Van der waals bonds范德瓦耳斯力TEM电子透射显微镜。
无机非金属材料专业英语课件
04
The application of inorganic non-metallic materials
Concrete
mechanical property
03
Preparation methods of inorganic non-metallic materials
Sintering is a powder metallurgy process in which powders are compacted and then heated to form a solid mass. It is commonly used to produce ceramics and some types of glass.
However, CVD can require high temperatures and may use toxic or expensive precursors.
CVD is commonly used to produce coatings and thin films of inorganic materials, such as diamond, silicon carbide, and titanium dioxide.
Concrete is a widely used inorganic non-metallic material in architecture. It is strong, durable, and can be molded into various shapes, making it ideal for constructing buildings, bridges, and other structures. Concrete also provides good insulation and soundproofing, and is relatively inexpensive compared to other building materials.
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Introduction
Many materials or components, e.g. road wheels of a car, when in service , are subjected to forces or loads. In such situations it is necessary to know the characteristics of the material and to design the member from which it is made such that any resulting deformation will not be excessive and fracture will not occur . The mechanical behavior of a material reflects the relationship between its response or deformation to an applied load or force. Important mechanical properties are strength, hardness, ductility, and stiffness.
in which l0 is the original length（原始长度） before any load is applied, and li is the instantaneous length（瞬时长 度）. Sometimes the quantity li－l0 is denoted as Δl, and is the deformation elongation or change in length at some instant, as referenced to the original length. Engineering strain (subsequently called just strain) is unitless （无量纲）, but meters per meter or inches per inch are often used.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
ascertained: adj. determined replicate vt. duplicate, copy, reproduce, or repeat. 复制：复印、复写、复制或重复 fluctuate vt. vary irregularly , swing 波动,变动 imperative- urgent Professional society 专业协会 ASTM -American Society for Testing and Materials Confine vt. restrict/limit
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Tension test（拉伸试验）
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
When construct a component or something the like, all these properties of materials should be taken into consideration in the whole process of material selection and structure design.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Modulus of elasticity（弹性模量）, or Young’s modulus(杨氏模量)
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Four stress-strain test types: Tension, compression, torsion, shear At the onset-A beginning; a start:开始： the onset of a cold.感冒初起 Offset-The start or initial stage; the outset.开始， 开端
As a material engineers, it is incumbent (obligatory有义务的) to understand how the various mechanical properties are measured and what these properties represent. In case that you are called upon( ordered; required) to design structures or components using predetermined materials such that unacceptable levels of deformation or failure will not occur, the adequate knowledge on mechanical properties of the material is a matter of life.
elastic recovery 弹性回复 stiffness n. 刚度 modulus of elasticity 弹性模量
deform v. distort/bend/twist： To alter the shape of by pressure or stress. 使变形：通过压力或拉力改变…的形状 Deformation n.变形
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
yielding adj. Inclined to give way to pressure, or influence. 屈服的。 yield strength 屈服强度 tensile strength 拉伸强度 elongation to fracture 延伸率 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比 proportional limit 比例极限 resilience :The property of a material that enables it to resume its original shape or position after being bent, stretched, or compressed; elasticity. 弹性：使某物质能在弯曲、伸展或收缩后恢复原先的 形状或位置的物体的性能；收缩性.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
safe stress 安全应力 shear 剪切 toughness 韧性 fracture toughness 断裂韧度 impact toughness 冲击韧性 hardness n. 硬度 Rochwell hardness 洛氏硬度 Brinell hardness 布氏硬度 Knoop hardness 努氏硬度 Vichers hardness 维氏硬度 Indenter 压头 Hooke’s law 虎克定律
Elasticity n.弹性 strain n. 应变 brittlement n. 脆性 ↔ plastic adj. 塑性的 true strain 真应变 engineering strain 工程应变
Stress-strain curve 应力应变曲线
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
What should you be able to do after studying this chapter?
know what a tensile-testing apparatus is used for. Know how stress-strain curve is obtained. Name what are the main mechanical properties。
Stress （应力）is a measure of an applied mechanical load or force, normalized (归一 化)to take into account cross-sectional area. Two different stress parameters were definedengineering stress and true stress.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Important terms and concepts:
Anelasticity n.滞弹性
stress n. 应力
ductility n. 延展性，塑性 elastic adj. 弹性的 true stress 真应力 engineering stress 工程应力
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Chapter 6 Mechanical properties
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering