1988年巴塞尔协议是西方十国集团在继赫斯塔特银行和富...

摘要

1988年巴塞尔协议是西方十国集团在继赫斯塔特银行和富兰克林国民银行倒闭以来，对国际银行监管方面存在的诸多问题进行研讨而总结出来的。协议将监管视角从银行体外转向银行体内，将资本金要求与资产的风险程度挂钩，体现了资本的质与量的统一，对商业银行资本管理思想产生了深刻影响。与旧协议相比，新巴塞尔资本协议扩大了资本充足约束的范围，对银行面临的信用风险、市场风险和操作风险均提出了配置相应资本的要求，提出了一整套可供银行灵活选择的循序渐进的资本金计算方法。新协议将监管重点从原来单一的最低资本充足水平转向银行内部的风险评估体系的建设状况上来，强调了监管当局的监督检查和市场纪律对最低资本规定的补充作用。

与新协议的要求相比，我国商业银行资本管理存在着相当大的差距，主要表现在：资本充足率可能进一步下降，现行资本充足率测算标准存在诸多缺陷，风险评估体系很不完善，等等。为迎接新协议实施后来自国内外金融市场的巨大挑战，我国商业银行应充分借鉴国际银行业的先进管理经验，发挥后发优势，进一步拓宽筹资渠道，完善资本结构，初步建立以内部评级法为核心的风险评估体系，规范资本管理信息披露，继续改善资产质量，提高盈利能力，以便尽早与新协议的要求接轨，提高我国银行业的国际竞争力。

关键词新巴塞尔协议商业银行资本管理

Abstract

The Basle Capital Accord of July 1988 resulted from the discussions and researches of international banking supervision by the Group of Ten after Herstatt Bank of West Germany and Franklin National Bank of America went bankrupt. It transformed the concern of banking supervision from the inside to the outside of banks, integrated the quality of banks’ capitals into the quality of them by requiring adequate capital in accordance with the risks of their assets, so have deeply influenced the capital management of commercial banks. Compared with the original Basle Capital Accord, the new one requires the according capital of all risks including credit risk, market risk and operational risk, and puts forward a series of progressive methods of measuring the capital which can be flexibly choosed by banks. The New Capital Accord attaches more importance to banks’inside system of assessing risks than to the capital adequacy, and emphasizes the supplementary role of Supervisory Review of Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline.

If commercial banks in china meet the requirement of the New Capital Accord, many questions must be solved, including the possible continual worse in capital adequacy, a lot of drawbacks in the current standard of measuring capital adequacy, imperferction in the internal system of assessing risk, and so on .In order to cope with the challenge from the internal and international financial market, commercial banks in china should make full use of the advanced managing experience of international banking, raise capitals by all possible means, make capital structure perfect, set up preliminary system of assessing risks with concerntration on Internal Ratings-Based Approaches, and continue to improve the quality of assests and the capability of gaining profits. The article first gives the theoretical interpretations of the birth and development of the Basle Accord. Then, deeply analyse the fundemental content of the New Basle Accord. At last, give full directions to perfect the capital management of the banks in china after discussing the main difficulties confonting them in carrying out the New Basle Accord.

Key Words The New Basle Accord commercial bank

capital management