英文摘要的写作技巧
学术论文英文摘要的写作方法——中外学术论文的英文摘要对比分析
学术论文英文摘要的写作方法——中外学术论文的英文摘要对比分析摘要是学术论文中的重要组成部分,它是论文的简洁概括,能够让读者快速了解论文的主要内容和研究成果。
在撰写学术论文的英文摘要时,需要注意一些方法和技巧。
本文将进行中外学术论文的英文摘要对比分析,以帮助读者更好地掌握学术论文英文摘要的写作方法。
首先,中外学术论文的英文摘要在长度上有所不同。
一般来说,中文摘要的字数较多,可以达到300字以上,而英文摘要一般在150-250字之间。
这是因为中文更为详细和丰富,而英文则更加简洁和精炼。
其次,中外学术论文的英文摘要的语言风格也存在差异。
中文摘要多使用复杂的句式和较为冗长的表达方式,这与中文的语法结构和修辞手法有关。
而英文摘要则更倾向于使用简洁明了的句式和简练的词汇,以便更容易被非英语背景的读者理解。
此外,在摘要的结构组织上,中外学术论文也有所不同。
中文摘要一般包括研究背景、研究目的、研究方法、研究成果和结论等方面的内容。
而英文摘要则通常包括背景介绍、研究目的、方法、结果和结论这几个部分。
英文摘要的组织结构更加简洁明了,突出论文的研究重点和关键结果。
最后,中外学术论文的英文摘要在语言表达上也存在差异。
中文摘要更注重描述研究的细节和具体过程,而英文摘要则更注重突出研究的主要发现和结论。
在英文摘要中,应该使用简洁明了的句式和准确的词汇,避免使用复杂的从句和修辞手法,以便让读者快速理解和消化论文的主要内容。
综上所述,学术论文英文摘要的写作方法在中外学术论文中存在一定的差异。
英文摘要要注意长度、语言风格、结构组织和语言表达等方面的技巧,以便更好地呈现论文的主要内容和研究成果。
通过对比分析中外学术论文的英文摘要可以帮助研究者更好地掌握学术论文英文摘要的写作方法。
杂志的摘要英文字母
杂志的摘要英文字母
关于摘要各部分的写作及技巧:
(1)第一句话:讲述你这样研究目的,或本文主要解决的问题。
例:To investigate/study/determine…或者for the purpose of…
(2)第二句话:讲述你研究的过程,研究的方法。
开头交待了要解决的问题之后,接着要回答的就是如何解决问题。
例:…was carried out…with…treatment. 说明研究或试验方法,常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate 等;介绍应用、用途,常用词汇有use, apply, application等。
(3)第三句话:讲述你研究得出的主要研究结果。
例:The results showed that…
(4)第四句话:讲述由你的研究结果得出的结论。
例:The result of the present work implied that…
(5)使用简短的句子,用词应为潜在的读者所熟悉;注意表述的逻辑性,尽量使用指示性的词语来表达论文的不同部分(层次)。
如使用“研究表明…”(We found that…)表示结果;使用“通过对…的分析,认为…”(Based on…, we suggest that…)表示讨论结果的含义等。
(6)确保摘要的独立性:尽量避免引用文献、图表和缩写,别人不看你的文章,只看你的abstract就能了解你的研究工作。
(7)为了方便检索系统检索,尽量避免使用化学结构式、数学表达式、角标和希腊文等特殊符号。
英文摘要
如何写摘要?1、摘要写作要点:摘要是对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩并写成语义连贯的短文。
它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不需加入任何主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。
摘要写作要求简明扼要,用词准确。
简单地说,英文摘要是对原始文献不加诠释或评论的准确而简短的概括,并要求它能反映原始文献的主要信息。
写作摘要时应该注意以下几点:①认真仔细地阅读所给原文,弄懂原文大意,掌握原文要点。
②摘要的长度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一,或遵守规定的字数限制。
③在写摘要时切忌照搬原文,应该用自己的语言来写。
④摘要应与原文的观点保持一致,并且仍按原文的逻辑顺序排列。
⑤重点反映主要观点,删除细节。
⑥简化从句,用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。
⑦检查与修改时,应重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。
有两点还应牢记:首先,你写出的摘要内容必须忠实于原文,或者说精确(accurate)。
摘要中所有的内容和信息必须来源于原文,既不可篡改原文内容也不能包括原文未涉及到的内容。
其次,摘要读起来应是一完整连贯的段落。
要取得这一完整连贯,就应该使用一些连接词(link-words),如but,and,however,also等连接要点;同样,也可使用诸如since,though,even if,when,after,before等词。
2、摘要写作实例实例1将下面这篇约500词的原文按要求写成约150词的摘要。
How New York Became America’s Largest City?In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it is the largest city in America. How can the change in its size and importance be explained?To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history, and economics. Together these three will explain the huge growth of America’s most famous city.The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region are around seaports. At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States, and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea.Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods. That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers. Their development did not happen simply by chance.About 1815, when many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west, trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time, drawn by horses or oxen, were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe’s canals. In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem. From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land. Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast. In the years that followed, transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River. Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the Mississippi.The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important, but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country. It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.Exports from New York were greater than imports. Consequently, shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe. Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of these people remained in the city. Others stayed in New York for a few weeks, months, or years, and then moved to other parts of the United States. For these great number of new Americans New York had to provide homes, goods, and services. Their labor helped the city become great. (505 words)摘要How New York Became America’s Largest City?New York was once smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, but now it is America’s largest city because of geography, history and economics.New York was located at the seaport where materials were imported to the US and the products of the US were sent abroad across the sea. The city was further developed when the Erie Canal was completed in 1825. This linked Lake Erie to New York via the Hudson River and the cost of transporting goods to those who had settled inland was cut down. In addition, the Great Lakes were soon linked to the Mississippi. Later, railroads tied New York closer to the central states, whose goods were exported via New York. Fewer goods were imported, so cheap passengers were available from Europe. New York became the main port for receiving Europeans, many of whom stayed in the city and helped it become great. (154 words)实例2①试题题目Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words.We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 million volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather; we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying circles. At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolutecertainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. We like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter. (246 words)②原文要点:1) continue to have the most confused ideas of death like predecessors2) avoid talking about death3) talk about death when millions of people die4) become confused and anxious when each time the dead people are very few and the death rates are almost equal5) people's fearfulness6) seem to control nature7) avoid death③参考摘要:People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue. They talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in war. When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they become very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom. Therefore, they fear very much. However, they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death. (84 words) 实例3Directions: Describe in about 80 words what the sentry saw and did from the moment when the strips of metal fell from the sky until he got back to his camp. Use your own words as far as possible. Do not include anything that is not in the passage.The sentry watched a hawk that hovered overhead, looking for some unsuspecting prey to pounce upon. Then he heard the distant, muffled roar of planes, then silence. For the past week he had been told to take note of everything that happened on the hill within his range of vision, and to report anything suspicious. The hill led to an experimental factory, where new and secret weapons were tested. There was a threat of war and the factory would be invaluable to the enemy. So the approaches to it were watched day in, and day out.He shifted his position; he felt that he had been crouching in the heather since the beginning of the time, but only a couple of hours of the day's duty had passed. Suddenly he saw something falling from the sky like snow, only it was not snow. He put out his hand and caught bits of that were drifting near him. They were thin strips of metal to confuse delicate instruments, so that it would not be possible to detect the landing of enemy craft. Next he heard a long, low, continuous roar from the east and saw bundles descending from the sky which looked like umbrellas opening, but which be knew to be parachutes with men hanging from them. He wanted to go at once to give the alarm, but he had to be sure that the parachutes were not his own men out on an exercise. The men were on ground now. One of them pointed in the direction of secret factory and they all began marching toward it. He had no more doubts and set off at once down the hill. He crawled slowly, sometimes on his stomach, sometimes on his side, weaving decided that he had ample cover and started to run. But he had erred, forbullets were soon whistling past him. He drooped flat on the ground. Nobody came to search for him, so he counted up to a hundred and then began crawling again. He moved tortuously and as silently as he could to his camp at the foot of the hill. (355 words)① Points (Saw and Did).1) Put out hands; caught strip metal.2) Saw bundles.3) Waited.4) Saw men on ground.5) One pointed; all marched.6) Went downhill.7) Crawled-stomach, side-to stream.8) Started running.9) Dropped flat (why? –bullets).10) Counted 100; crawled.11) Silently to camp.② Rough Draft (Linking of Points)(写得不好的摘要)When the sentry held out his hand to catch what was falling out of the sky, he found that it was strips of metal. The bundles began coming down. The sentry waited until men appeared on the ground. One of them pointed and the sentry saw them march towards the factory. Crawling on his stomach and on his side, the sentry moved downhill. He began running when he came to a stream, but dropped down when he was shot at. After counting up to a hundred to himself, he began crawling silently again downhill.(94 words)③ Fair Copy (Corrected Draft)(写得比较好的摘要)After catching hold of metal strips falling out of the sky, the sentry saw bundles descending and, after a time, some men appeared on the ground. One of them pointed and they all began marching towards the factory. The sentry crawled downhill on his stomach and on his side. When he came to a stream, he began running but dropped down when the men shot at him. He counted up to a hundred, then silently started crawling again towards his camp.(81 words)。
英文摘要 高
“结果”部分
常用单词
1) 展示研究结果, 常用词汇 有: show, result, present等. 2) 介绍结论, 常用词汇 有: summary, introduce, conclude等.
“结论”部分常用句型
1)结果提示:These results suggest that…
2)结果支持或反对某种观点: These results support the idea that; These results fail to support the idea that 3)表示观点的确定或不确定性: There is no evidence that; It is likely/unlikely that
被动语态为好。
Eg:The Leonardo da Vinci theory is supported in
this study with the three plant species.
主动语态
摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态的越来越多,其
有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。
the author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically
介绍目的常用动词
1)研究: study, investigate, examine, observe, explore 2)评价:evaluate, validate 3)确定: determine, decide, confirm, support, define, characterize 4)证实: prove, demonstrate, document, test, support, testify, verify
论文的英文摘要范文
论文的英文摘要范文
1.Background(背景)∶介绍论文研究的背景,描述前者研究存在哪些问题,为自己进行这个研究是为了尝试解决前者存在的这些问题做好铺垫。
2.Method(方法)︰介绍研究中所使用了哪些研究方法,需要注意的是∶因为摘要字数有限,所以Method只是需要简单介绍一下即可,不要花太多篇幅介绍。
3.Results(结果)∶这部分直接写实验得到了什么结果,如果没有实验的就只需要阐述文章研究目的和结果。
4.Conclusion(结论)∶论文相对前者的研究有什么创新或独到见解都要阐述在这里。
Abstract其实就是对整篇英文论文浓缩之后的精华部分。
其目的就要让读者就算没有阅读全文,也能从Abstract中知道这篇论文的核心内容。
所以,摘要的写作一定要在论文的开始就把整篇论文的研究目的或要解决的问题呈现给读者。
说完了Abstract的主要写作内容之后,那么我们来看看好的摘要到底该怎么写:
这里EasyEssay告诉大家一个写摘要的'万能模板——PARI。
对于留学新生们来说特别适用,当大家在国外写英文论文多了之后就会有自己的写作方法,但是在不会写之前,可以先参考一下下面这个写作方法︰
PARI摘要写作方法∶
P=Problem:提出文章需要解决哪些问题
A=Approach:解决提出的问题是用的什么方法
R=Results:解决了提出的问题之后得到了什么结果l=lmpacts:这些结果有什么具体或者实际的影响。
完整版英文Summary写作方法范例及常用句式
摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。
它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。
写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。
第一步:阅读A .认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B .给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D.简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步:动手写作A.摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。
摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B.摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
C.应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D.摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E.写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1)删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2)选择一至两个例子。
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4)避免重复。
在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5)压缩长的句子。
如下列两例:“ His courage in battle might without exaggerati on be called lionke. ” 可以概括为:” He was very brave in battle.“ He was hard up for money and was being p ressed by his creditor.可以概括为:“ He was in financial difficulties.6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
论文写作技巧:专家教你如何写英文摘要
我国的研究生写论文时,常常卡到写英文摘要这一关。
因为毕竟英语并不是我们的母语,我们在工作生活中接触英语的听、说、读、写也远远没有汉语汉字多。
今天笔者整理了几个实例,教大家学写英文摘要,希望可以为你解忧。
当我们在写英文摘要的时候,第一需要检查的,就是你是否写出了合格的中文摘要。
如果你的中文摘要写得似是而非,不清不楚,你的英文摘要就会更不忍直视。
你让别人帮你修改,如果修改者为难,那么你的中文摘要肯定有问题。
在此,我不妨提醒大家,如果你向别人求助,就要尽力让帮助者全面理解你的内容,如果别人也懂中文,就要提供中文原文,阅读半通不通的英文本就是一种折磨,还要让别人猜你想说什么,那就不厚道了。
中文摘要例一:高质量的单个病例数据的Meta分析(IPDMeta分析)通过获得全世界所有相关临床试验,与试验研究者建立合作,由其提供每个试验的个体病例数据,并集中收集、检查和分析数据,最终合并试验结果得到干预措施效果的最佳估计值。
它确保了数据的及时更新、可得、可靠和完整,在最大程度上减小了各种潜在偏倚,是医疗干预措施效果系统评价的金标准。
此外,该分析方法灵活多样,能回答更多的临床问题,满足临床医生和决策者的需要;结果解释更全面和平衡,可促进对研究结果的使用和推广。
基于IPDMeta分析与常规Meta分析在研究实施方面有明显差异,本文同时简介了IPDMeta分析的具体实施过程。
此文的作者想说什么?他们做了什么?英文摘要给读者的是一堆不知其意的概念的集合,杂乱无章地排列在一起;很明显,作者缺乏对某些概念的了解。
面对这样的英文摘要,你不可能把它们改好,起死回生。
你如果要做修改的工作,就只能全面地读论文,然后帮作者重写摘要,包括中文版的。
如果你拿了这样的摘要向人求助,别人拒绝,你就不能埋怨别人不近情理,英谚云,垃圾进,垃圾出,Garbagein,garbage out.就是这道理。
要写好英文摘要,就要把握应用文写作的精要:言之有物、避繁就简、八股为梯、返朴归真。
中英文摘要写作要求及格式
中英文摘要写作要求及格式
中文摘要的要求和格式:
1.长度:通常要求在300-500字左右,不超过1页A4纸。
2.格式:一般包括以下几个部分:
(1)研究背景:简要介绍本研究领域的前沿问题和研究现状。
(2)研究目的和方法:明确本研究的目的,并简要描述研究所采用的方法或途径。
(3)研究结果:概述本研究的主要结果和发现。
(4)结论:总结本研究的主要结论,并提出研究的意义和建议。
3.使用简洁明了的语句,避免使用复杂的专业术语。
4.注意逻辑结构的合理安排,使摘要内容条理清晰、易于理解。
5.语言流畅、准确,注意使用恰当的语法和标点符号。
英文摘要的要求和格式:
1.长度:通常要求在200-300字左右,不超过1页A4纸。
2.格式:一般包括以下几个部分:
(1)研究背景:简要介绍本研究领域的前沿问题和研究现状。
(2)研究目的和方法:明确本研究的目的,并简要描述研究所采用的方法或途径。
(3)研究结果:概述本研究的主要结果和发现。
(4)结论:总结本研究的主要结论,并提出研究的意义和建议。
3.使用简洁明了的语句,避免使用复杂的专业术语。
4.注意逻辑结构的合理安排,使摘要内容条理清晰、易于理解。
5.注意语法、拼写和标点符号的准确使用。
6.根据期刊或会议的要求,可能需要在摘要中提供一定的关键词。
英文摘要写作技巧四种固定句型
4、检测句
在A样本中对B参数的检测,可套用: “Detection of B parameter in A sample”。 例如,在抽动障碍儿童中对A蔟溶血性链球菌抗 体的测定,可译作: “Detection of group A streptococcal antibody in childre n with tic disorders”。
3、相关句
在C组中A参数与B参数之间有显著正相关、负相关或无 相关,可套用:“There was a significantly positive or negative correlation between parameter A and parameter B in group C”。
例如,在38例精神分裂症病人中脑脊液多巴胺水平与5 羟色胺水平之间有显著正相关,译作There was a significantly positive correlation between CSF Dopamine level and CSF 5-hydroxytryptamine level in 38 patients with schizophrenia”。
分析: ① 词语搭配不当:effect 应与on 连用; ② 选词不当:轻病区用mild 一词。
修改为: Effects of different iodine content in salt on the children in severe and mild iodine deficiency areas in Guizhou , China
二、英文摘要
1、目的(Objective)
在目的中,因为是反映将要做什么,故用不定式。格式为 “探索(调查或研究)+文题”
英文摘要的写作要求
英文摘要的写作要求在学术研究中,英文摘要是非常重要的一部分。
虽然摘要通常只有几百字,但它能够为读者提供研究的核心内容和结论。
因此,撰写规范、简明扼要的英文摘要是非常重要的。
这里介绍几点英文摘要的写作要求。
1. 简明扼要摘要应该简明扼要地概括文章的要点,避免冗长和复杂的句子结构。
最好将摘要限制在250个词左右,这样可以保证足够的信息量同时又不会太长。
2. 独立自主摘要应该是一篇独立自主的文本,可以单独阅读而不需要参考正文。
因此,在撰写摘要时,应该避免将太多的细节和背景信息纳入其中,而是应该集中阐述文章所研究的问题、研究方法和结果、结论和重要的贡献。
3. 结构清晰摘要应该遵循逻辑和清晰的结构,包括简要的介绍背景和目的,阐述研究的方法、结果和结论、以及强调研究的贡献和意义。
尽管这些内容不能太长,但它们应该都得到适当的覆盖。
4. 包含关键词在摘要中引入文中的关键词和短语可以为读者提供快速理解文章主题的方法。
同时,适当使用关键词也有助于提高文章在搜索和索引中的可见性。
因此,在撰写摘要时,应该特别注意选择准确的关键词。
5. 避免翻译错误如果英文不是母语,可能会出现翻译错误。
这种错误往往会影响文章的可读性和可信度。
因此,在撰写摘要时,应该特别注意拼写和语法,以确保摘要的语言流畅、准确和易于理解。
6. 重点突出最后,摘要应该突出文章的重点和贡献。
这将使读者更容易理解文章的意义,并以此来判断文章是否值得花费时间进行深入研究。
总之,英文摘要是学术研究中不可或缺的一部分,并在论文发表、报告、申请和提供基金等方面扮演着重要角色。
因此,撰写简洁明了、语言通顺和准确的英文摘要是一个非常重要的技能,值得我们认真学习和提高。
英文摘要的书写技巧
英文摘要的书写技巧英文摘要通常是学术论文、科技报告、研究成果等的第一篇引言,短小精悍地概括了文章的主要内容和意义。
因此,良好的英文摘要是保证文章成功的基础之一。
下面我们来谈一谈英文摘要的书写技巧。
一、准确翻译思路英文摘要通常是中文原文的直接翻译,因此必须先确保中文原文表达的思路、结构、内容的翻译准确无误。
翻译在整个英文摘要中扮演着至关重要的角色。
精准的翻译可以使读者更好地理解文章,突显作者的研究价值。
二、简明扼要地表达研究目的和主题在英文摘要中,作者必须简明扼要地表达文章的主题和研究目的。
语言应当简练,措辞准确明确,尽量避免使用模糊、罗嗦的词汇。
在表述研究目的的同时,需要说明该研究为何具有重要性和应用前景,这有助于提高读者的兴趣和关注度。
三、突出研究方法和成果英文摘要应当突出研究方法和成果,作者应当简明扼要地说明采用的研究方法和技术,以及所得到的主要研究成果。
在突出研究方法的同时,必须确保语言简练,避免使用过多的专业术语和公式,增强阅读体验。
四、突出文章的创新点和贡献英文摘要中应当突出文章的创新点和贡献。
作者应当清晰阐述论文的独特性、创新性,突出自己的贡献和价值。
这些创新点和贡献是吸引读者和其他研究者对文章进行深入研究的重要因素。
五、注意英文语法和表达方式英文摘要是文章的门面,因此要注意英文语法和表达方式。
在撰写英文摘要的时候,应当尽量使用简单明了的语言,突出文章主旨,并注意英文语法中的时态、语态和词性等问题。
特别是在使用专业术语的时候,要确保使用正确,并注意缩写表述的准确性和标点符号的正确使用。
六、注意逻辑和流畅度英文摘要在语言、结构和内容方面都需要严密把握,从而使整篇文章的逻辑性更加强大准确,流畅度更加突出。
要注意写作结构的组合,通过适当的段落进行分隔和连接,让阅读者更好地理解文章脉络。
此外,要注重内容的全面性和准确性,从而使研究更具说服力和参考性。
综上所述,英文摘要的书写技巧涉及到语言的准确性、表达方式的简洁清晰性、逻辑性和流畅度。
英文摘要万能模板
英文摘要万能模板篇一:英语摘要十大万能模板由于英语摘要是新题型,相对来讲比较难,但是大家摸清基本的套路和方法,就不会无从下笔了,下面的十个模板是从《MBA联考英语写作分册》摘录的,模板很简单,大家把模板背熟,到考试是直接套用就行了,不过最好先找几篇文章练练笔,熟悉一下流程。
英文摘要的基本方法就是:首先,写出中文摘要;其次,把它用简单的英文翻译过来并加以修改。
英文摘要的写作注意事项:1、英文摘要结构严谨,表达简明,语义确切。
尽量使用短句,慎用长句。
2、应采用第三人称表达方式,谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。
进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动,也可采用被动。
英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned, __ is of utmost significance to our society. The last but not the least, as isillustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration. Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial.在本段的第一段,强调我们必须充分重视_(中心词)。
摘要的写作技巧
,摘要的写作技巧作者必须回答好以下几个问题:1) 本文的目的或要解决的问题(What I want to do?)2) 解决问题的方法及过程(How I did it?)3) 主要结果及结论(What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw?)4) 本文的创新、独到之处(What is new and original in this paper?)5.3.1目的(What I want to do?)目的。
主要说明作者写作此文的目的,或本文主要解决的问题。
一般来说,一篇好的英文摘要,一开头就应该把作者本文的目的或要解决的主要问题非常明确地交待清楚。
必要时,可利用论文中所列的最新文献,简要介绍前人的工作,但这种介绍一定要极其简练。
具体要求:1)Eliminate or minimize background information(不谈或尽量少谈背景信息).2)Avoid repeating the title or part of the title in the first sentence of the abstract (避免在摘要的第一句话重复使用题目或题目的一部分)。
5.3.2过程与方法(How I did it?)在说明过程与方法时,应结合(指向)论文中的公式、实验框图等来进行阐述,这样可以既给读者一个清晰的思路,又给那些看不懂中文(但却可以看懂公式、图、表等)的英文读者以一种可信的感觉。
5.3.3结果和结论(What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw?)结果和结论部分代表着文章的主要成就和贡献,论文有没有价值,值不值得读者阅读,主要取决于你所获得的结果和所得出的结论。
如有可能,在结尾部分还可以将论文的结果和他人最新的研究结果进行比较,以突出论文的主要贡献和创新、独到之处(回答What is new and original in this paper)。
学术论文英文摘要的写作方法
学术论文英文摘要的写作方法Step 1: Understand the Purpose and Structure of an Abstract The abstract serves as a brief summary of the entire paper, giving readers an overview of the research topic, objectives, methods, key findings, and conclusions. It should be written in a clear and concise manner to ensure that readers can quickly grasp the main points of the study.Step 3: Write a Clear and Concise Statement of the Research ProblemThe first sentence of your abstract should clearly state the research problem or question that your study addresses. Thiswill help readers understand the context and importance of your research. For example: "This study investigates the impact of social media on adolescent mental health."Step 4: Summarize the Objectives of the StudyStep 5: Describe the Research Design and MethodsStep 6: Present the Main Findings or ResultsSummarize the main findings or results of your study, highlighting the most important or significant findings. Use specific data or examples to support your statements. For example: "The results revealed a significant positive association between social media use and depressive symptomsamong adolescents. Furthermore, self-esteem was found to mediate this relationship, while age and gender were found to moderate the association."Step 7: Discuss the Implications or Significance of the StudyIn the final sentences of your abstract, discuss the implications or significance of your study. Explain how your findings contribute to the existing literature, highlight any practical implications, and suggest potential areas for future research. For example: "These findings have important implications for the understanding and prevention of adolescent mental health problems. Interventions targeting social media use and self-esteem may be effective in reducing depressive symptoms among this population. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and mechanisms underlying this relationship."Step 8: Revise and Edit the AbstractAfter writing the abstract, revise and edit it to ensure clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Remove any unnecessary details, jargon, or technical terms that may make it difficult for non-experts to understand. Make sure that the abstract flows logically and provides a clear summary of the research.Tips for Writing an Effective Abstract:1. Use concise and specific language: Every word counts in an abstract, so choose your words carefully and aim for clear, specific, and concise language.2. Focus on the most important findings: Highlight the key findings that are most relevant to your research question and objectives.3. Avoid unnecessary details: Only include essential information in your abstract. Avoid going into excessive detail or providing background information that is not directly related to your research.4. Be accurate and truthful: Ensure that the information provided in your abstract is accurate and supported by evidence from your study.5. Follow the guidelines provided by the journal or conference: Different journals or conferences may have specific requirements for abstracts, so make sure to follow their guidelines.Example of an Abstract:Title: The Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional StudyAbstract:。
英语摘要写作文怎么写
英语摘要写作文怎么写英文摘要的内容要求与中文摘要一样,包括目的、方法、结果和结论四部分。
但是,英文有其自身特点,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的版面可能比中文多一倍。
因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。
第一,对所掌握的资料进行精心筛选,不属于上述"四部分"的内容不必写入摘要。
第二,对属于"四部分"的内容,也应适当取舍,做到简明扼要,不能包罗万象。
比如"目的",在多数标题中就已初步阐明,若无更深一层的目的,摘要完全不必重复叙述;再如"方法",有些在国外可能早已成为常规的方法,在撰写英文摘要时就可仅写出方法名称,而不必一一描述其操作步骤。
中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性,目前对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容"差不多就行",因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题;二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。
英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。
选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。
通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。
但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律: 1、时态:大体可概括为以下几点。
1)叙述研究过程,多采用一般过去时。
2)在采用一般过去时叙述研究过程当中提及在此过程之前发生的事,宜采用过去完成时。
英文结构式摘要的写作技巧_论文格式_
英文结构式摘要的写作技巧医学科技论文英文结构式摘要的写作需要做到简练,准确,逻辑性强,使人读后能一目了然。
2.1 标题:是全文内容的高度概括,大多采用名词化结构(nominalization),应准确无误地表达论文的中心内容,恰如其分地反映研究范围和深度,避免过于抽象,标题中有关时间和数量等概念的表达应做到能用数字精确表达的最好不用模糊含义的词。
题目不是一个完整的句子时可省略冠词(a,an,the),是一个完整句子时,尽量保留冠词。
一般不超过10 个实词。
2.2 时态:表述文章的写作目的时用一般现在时,多用句型为:动词不定式+表述作用、关系、效果、价值等名词,如,to study; to evaluate;to explore”。
方法和结果多用过去时,结论多用一般现在时。
2.3 语态:一般以第三人称的被动语态为多,这是因为医学研究着重于客观事物和过程的描述,使得整项活动更显出科学性。
同时,被动语态的句子在结构上有较大的调节余地,有利于采用必要的修辞手段,扩大句子的信息量,从而突出重要的概念、问题、事实、结论等内容[9]。
2.4 用词:尽可能地频繁使用缩写词、名词作定语,简化句型,增大信息密度,使行文简练、结构紧凑。
医学英语的特点是派生词多、正式词汇多、名词化结构多、长句多、被动句多、非谓语动词多、专业性强等。
一定要用相应的专用词,不能望文生义,不能凭《汉英》作字面翻译,应该参考国际通用译名和医学英语专用字典的译法。
如:骨性关节炎,不能译“inflammation of bone andjoint”,应译“osteoarthritis”。
短词代替长词,常用词代替生僻词,书面语代替口语。
定语中尽可能用非谓语动词形式、缩写词和名词,不用或少用从句。
2.5 关键词:最好3个以上、6个以下关键词,建议使用mesh表中的标准词汇。
总之,一篇能确切表达医学科技论文主旨的英文结构式摘要需在人称、时态、术语、数字及单位等具体环节达到和谐统一。
英文摘要写作
1. 什么是英文摘要?ABSTRACT,是用最为浓缩的语言将你论文的核心容表述出来。
删去属于文艺青年的文绉绉的形容词!删去属于二缺青年的“机器译文”!只留下普通、平实的容。
2. 怎样写英文摘要?可以按照论文的逻辑结构撰写摘要,如概述、目的、方法、结果、结论、展望的顺序。
概述(30词左右):用最简洁的语言概括论文容。
例如:This paper is…或This study focuses on…目的(30词左右):用To…就可以了,没有必要使用in order to 或者for the purpose of 等较长的表述。
方法(50词左右):尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤,其中注意时态的使用。
常用的词汇有:test, study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。
结果(50词左右):直入主题地摆出结果,如This paper shows…或The results are…结论(60词左右):删去类似于“The result of the study showed that…”的赘语,逐条罗列出结论。
展望(20词左右):指出研究对未来的意义,如This paper is of great significance in…或指出不足。
3. 英文摘要有多长?一般情况下用一段的篇幅完成英文摘要,特殊情况可以分成两到三段,但最好不要超过三段。
长度一般为200字到300字之间。
4. 英文摘要用什么语态和人称?规的学术文章通常采用被动语态,突出信息。
但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚,现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。
5. 英文摘要用什么人称?最好不要出现I,we等第一人称代词,而是使用第三人称,如the author等。
6. 英文摘要用什么时态?摘要的时态以一般现在时为主,表示一种存在于自然界的客观规律。
在特殊的情况下可以使用一般过去时或现在完成时,用来表明一定围的结论或是某一过程的延续性。
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英文摘要的写作技巧
一、写作方法
1、确定主题:写英文摘要时,要确定文章的主题,这是写英文摘要
的首要任务,这样才能把握全文的主旨,为摘要写作构思提供依据。
2、确定摘要内容:接下来,要确定摘要内容,一般来说,英文摘要
是对文章的全部内容进行精简总结,要考虑哪些是文章的重点内容,哪些
是支撑性的内容。
3、分析文章结构:然后,要进行文章的结构分析,把握文章的结构,以及每段内容的主要情节,这样才能把握文章的全部内容。
4、梳理摘要结构:接下来,要根据文章的结构确定摘要的结构,一
般来说英文摘要的结构是以“主题+逻辑分论点”的形式来进行总结。
5、撰写英文摘要:最后,要开始撰写英文摘要,写英文摘要时,要
注意字数,一般英文摘要占整篇文章的20%左右,不宜过多或过少,要适
当精炼。
二、写作注意
1、要注意文章的主旨:写英文摘要时,要注意文章的主旨,去掉无
用的信息,强调核心信息,而不是把全文都写了一遍。
2、要注意语言:写英文摘要时,要注意语言的表达,要尽量使用客观、简洁明了的表达,不要冗长繁琐,也不要太过牵强附会。
3、要注意语法:在写英文摘要时,要注意语法。