建筑学中英文翻译

The sustainable development of architecture in the embodiment of a project

All the civil engineering buildings and structures (including roads, bridges, ports, terminals, mines, tunnels, etc.) are made by materials according to certain requirements. The various materials used in civil engineering are collectively referred to as civil engineering materials.

For a long time, human beings have been engaged in the various researches on civil engineering materials and constantly developing new materials. Almost all the materials in the world can be used as civil engineering materials. The project has adopted a variety of materials and here the following three types of materials are mainly analyzed.

The first is steel, which is the collective name of iron alloy whose carbon content mass percentage is between 0.02% and 2.04%. The chemical composition of steel can have great changes and the steel only containing carbons is called carbon steel or common steel; in the actual production, steel often contains different alloy elements depending on the different applications. The preparation of steel is a high-cost and low-efficient work. Nowadays, the steel has become one of the most widely used materials in the world and an indispensable part of the building industry, manufacturing industry and people’s daily life for its low price and reliable performance.

Steel structure work is the steel-manufacturing-based structure and is one of the main types of building structures. Steel is one of the common forms of structure in the modern construction works. Steel is characterized by high strength, light weight and rigidity, so it is particularly suitable for constructing long-span, super-high and super-heavy buildings; good homogeneity and isotropy, which make the material become ideal elastomer and mostly fit the basic assumption of the general engineering mechanics; good plasticity and toughness, which make the material able to deform largely and well subject to the dynamic loads; short construction period; high industrialization degree, which makes the specialized production of high mechanization level available; high machining precision, high efficiency and good air tightness. The disadvantages are the poor fire resistance and corrosion resistance

Steel structure can be divided into lightweight steel and heavyweight steel. The project mainly adopts lightweight steel structure. The roofing system in

lightweight steel structure is composed of roof truss, structural OSB panel, waterproof layer and lightweight roofing tile, which is also named metal or asphalt tile. The appearance of the roofing in lightweight steel structure can have a variety of combinations. The materials are also various. On the premise of guaranteeing the technology of water proofing, the appearance has many alternatives. The wall of houses in lightweight structures is mainly composed of wall stud, top beam of the wall, the wall mudsill, wall support, wall panel and fastener. To ensure achieving the effect of heat insulation, the heat-insulating materials adopted in the external wall and roofing of buildings can be used for a long term, preserve and insult heat.

Then is glass, which is a kind of transparent, high-strength and hardness, airtight material. Glass shows chemical inertness in the daily environment and does not react with living things, so it has extensive applications. Glass is generally insoluble in acid, but soluble in alkali, such as cesium hydroxide. Glass is an amorphous sub-cooled liquid. The melt glass cools rapidly and the molecules form glass as they do not have enough time to form crystals. In ancient times, glass refers to a kind of natural jade, also called talasite, not the present glass. Glass is solid at ordinary temperature and it is brittle. The hardness is 6.5mohs. Glass is, in deed, liquid. When the liquid cools, the originally turbulent and chaotic molecules will ultimately form ordered and regular crystal structure.

In addition, according to its features, glass can be divided into: tempered glass, porous glass, i.e. foam glass, with an aperture of about 40 and mainly used in seawater desalination and virus filtering, etc., conductive glass, used as electrode and windshield glass, microcrystal glass, opaque glass, used in lighting and decorative items, etc., and hollow glass, used as door and window glass.

Glass has many generalities. The first is the isotropy: the properties of homogeneous glass in all directions, such as refractivity, hardness, elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion and so on are the same. Then is the metastability: when the melt cools to vitreous body, it can keep the structure in high temperatures at lower temperatures and does not change. Next is the reversible graduality: the transition from the melting state to the glass state is reversible and gradual. The last is the continuity: when the melting state transits to the glass state, the changes of the physical and chemical properties with temperature are continuous.

The glass used in the project is tempered glass. It has high mechanical strength, good elasticity and thermal stability. It is not easy to wound people after broken and can be self-destructive.