Economy of the United States美国经济
美国经济大国的英文介绍
The Most Powerful Economics Nation ——The United StatesThe United States is a young capitalistic country. At the beginning, it was a small agricultural country which was consisted of a 3 million population and an only 89 million square kilometers country area. Nowadays, the United States has more than 9.37 million square kilometers of land and over 250 million of population. Its national GDP exceeded 10 trillion, is about 28.6% of the world's total GDP in 2004. The United States has revealed its superpower since the medium-term of nineteenth century. A British scholar said, throughout the ages, has no one been such a powerful country like the United States. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze how the United States becomes the most powerful economics nation in the world. In this analysis, I will explain the reasons one by one.1. Good natural condition and various geography environmentsThe United States has a vast land and rich mineral resources. Approximately 90% of its land can be farming. In addition, the Great Lakes contain about half of fresh water in the world that can be offered to the United States. Engels said that, “The United States has the massive resources and the excellent conditions which any European country does not have”. What’s more,the United States occupies the good geographical position. North with Canada, south with Mexican, two weaker countries is neighboring with it. It is separated by two oceans, Atlantic and Pacific. Hence, the United States did not losing anything in the two world wars and it took advantage of the opportunity to amass wealth in the wars on the contrary.2. Innovation and development of national spiritThe United States has always been known as the multi-ethnic country. Currently, the citizens of the United States come from as many as 156 countries and regions. Due to historical reasons, the Americans form their particular features, which are self-improvement, hard-working, and have spiritual and scientific truth-seeking attitude. They contemn the feudal tradition and have a strong desire of the spirit of innovation and autonomy. Engels pointed out, "The United States starts from the democratic republic of the country without traditions except for religious traditions. It is a nation with more energetic than an y other nations.” “V olatility is our life”, Americans often say this. Their constant changes help to break the stagnation and rigidity.3. The bourgeois constitution——"Federal Constitution"Constitution is the fundamental law of the country for running and bringing peace. The stability of the constitution is the essential attribute of law. The constitution-making process and the characteristics of authority and relative stability both play an important role in the development of the United States. Constitution evolved with the evolution of times. The separation of powers keeps executive, legislative and judicial balances, which is considered to be proud of America's founding fathers. Constitution clearly stipulates that the executive, legislative and judicial are independent of each other. They are in charge of part of the power, but no one can exercise their power away from the others. The separation and balance of powers is an important part in maintaining the bourgeois state system stably in the United States. The achievement in itself changes the America's position in the world.4. T wo times revolutions and reforms of the economyIn 1775, War of Independence of the United States overthrew the ruling of British colony. It was the first great liberation of the productivity in America. Civil war abolished slavery during the period from 1861 to 1865, so that the productivity was liberated for the second time. The industrial revolution was completed in the 19th century. In this sense, social movements and reforms constitute a major force to the development of the United States, which also reflects the American society’s self-regulation on the maintenance and development of the capitalism.5. Attaching importance to the person with economy, education or technology talentAs a purely capitalistic country, the United States has a strong desire to understand the fundamental economy for the proliferation expansion and strengthening of capitalism. With the disintegration of the bipolar pattern in 1991, an American scholar used “the sources of strength of the United States” stressed the fundamental economy again.Agriculture is the foundation of economy in the United States. Over the past 200 years, the agriculture has taken a great change remarkably. In the 18th century, over 95% of the population worked in agriculture during the War of Independence. Today, less than 2% people are engaged in agriculture. But one third of the arable agricultural products are used for export in United States.The United States has an emphasis on education. Especially it has the world's largest higher education system which gives it the core of competitiveness in the information age. And in generally its higher education has reached the top level in the world. What’s more, the United States encourages people learning science and invention with award. It also encourages the development of practical knowledge and recruits creative talent from all over the world. So the United States becomes the most powerful country of technology. It is closely related to the immigrants from other countries. In this way the United States not only absorb their cultural, technological and other processes, but also gained a lot of excellent scientists and technical personnel. During the World War II, the third technological revolution was born in the United States. At the same time, It put a larger number of investments in science and technology than other countries. So in 1990s, the United States caught up with other developed capitalistic countries and stepped into the knowledge economic society firstly.These are the reasons why the United States is the most powerful economics nation in the world, and how it took the lead into the knowledge economic society in 1990s. Innovation, education and science, they are well known as three foundations when the United States founded its own nation. So if China wants to be stronger, it can learn from the United States. And in quite a long period of time, the United States will still remain the most powerful economics nation in the world.。
美国经济的英文作文
美国经济的英文作文英文：The U.S. economy is a complex and dynamic system that is influenced by a variety of factors. One of the key drivers of the U.S. economy is consumer spending. When consumers are confident about the state of the economy, they are more likely to spend money on goods and services, which in turn drives economic growth. For example, during the holiday season, many Americans go on shopping sprees, which boosts retail sales and stimulates the economy.Another important factor in the U.S. economy is government spending. The government plays a significantrole in providing public goods and services, such as infrastructure, education, and defense. When the government invests in these areas, it creates jobs and stimulates economic activity. For instance, the construction of new roads and bridges not only improves transportation but also creates employment opportunities for workers in theconstruction industry.Additionally, the U.S. economy is heavily influenced by the performance of the stock market. When stock prices are rising, it creates a wealth effect, leading to increased consumer spending. Conversely, a decline in stock pricescan have a negative impact on consumer confidence and spending. For instance, when the stock market crashed in 2008, it led to a significant decrease in consumer spending, which contributed to the economic recession.Moreover, global events and international trade also play a crucial role in shaping the U.S. economy. The U.S.is a major player in the global economy, and events such as trade agreements, tariffs, and geopolitical tensions can have a significant impact on the U.S. economy. For example, the imposition of tariffs on imported goods can lead to higher prices for consumers and disrupt supply chains for U.S. businesses.In conclusion, the U.S. economy is a multifacetedsystem that is influenced by consumer spending, governmentinvestment, stock market performance, and global events. These factors interact in complex ways to shape the overall economic landscape.中文：美国经济是一个复杂而动态的系统，受到各种因素的影响。
美国经济发展概况
美国经济发展概况近一个世纪以来，美国一直是全球最大的经济体之一。
其快速的经济增长、创新的科技发展和全球化的市场开放为其经济的繁荣做出了巨大贡献。
本文将就美国经济的发展概况展开讨论，着重关注其经济增长、产业结构、劳动力市场和国际贸易等方面的特点与亮点。
一、经济增长自20世纪初起，美国经济始终保持着相对稳定的增长态势。
其国内生产总值（GDP）是世界上最高的，占全球GDP的比重超过20%。
美国的经济增长主要受益于技术革新、创新创业、市场规模和良好的金融体系等因素。
在过去几十年里，美国的经济增长主要依赖于服务业。
金融、保险、房地产、信息技术、医疗保健和教育等领域都成为美国经济强劲增长的动力。
此外，制造业、农业和能源等传统产业也继续发挥重要作用。
二、产业结构美国的产业结构日益多样化，不断调整和更新。
传统的制造业在过去几十年中受到了一定程度的冲击，但仍然在全球制造业市场中占有重要地位。
高附加值的制造业产品如航空器、汽车、电子产品等向全球输出，为美国经济创造了丰厚的利润。
与此同时，美国的科技创新和创业精神推动了信息技术、生物技术、人工智能、新能源等新兴行业的发展。
硅谷、西雅图和波士顿成为全球科技创新的中心，吸引了大量创业者和投资者。
三、劳动力市场美国的劳动力市场具有高度灵活性和竞争力。
它吸引了来自世界各地的人才，为创新和发展提供了源源不断的动力。
美国的高校培养了大量优秀的科学家、工程师、企业家和管理人才，为经济持续增长提供了坚实的基础。
尽管如此，美国的劳动力市场也存在着一些挑战和问题。
工资增长率相对较低，劳动力参与率不稳定，技能需求和供给之间的不匹配等问题需要解决。
同时，全球化和技术进步对一些传统行业的就业岗位造成了冲击。
四、国际贸易作为全球最大的消费市场之一，美国是全球贸易的重要参与者。
然而，近年来美国在国际贸易方面的政策发生了一些变化。
美国政府采取了一些保护主义措施，对一些进口商品加征关税，并试图重新谈判和修订国际贸易协议。
The Rise of the United States美国崛起经济原因小分析
The Rise of the United StatesThe United States is a federal constitutional republic consisting of fifty states and a federal district. At 3.79 million square miles and with over 314 million people, the United States is the third largest country by total area, and the third-largest by both land area and population. The country accounts for 41% of global military spending, and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world. Why this young nation becomes a world power in less than 300 years?Of course, there are many factors such as culture, education, economy and so on. As we all know that the economic foundation determines the superstructure. So, personally I believe that strong economic power is the main reason.With the Declaration of Independence passed in 1776 by the Continental Congress, which consisted of only 13 states, a new nation established in the western hemisphere. At that time, the US was only a nation based on agricultural economy such as animal husbandry, fishing industry and the import and export trade. The First Industrial Revolution in America started at the end of 17th and finished around in 1850. In that period, many factories and companies established and economy developed rapidly. The US gradually became a strong industrial country."No place have such superior natural resources on earth, every enterprise and lucky Americans can become rich", said by a American scholar in 1901. The US is one of the few countries have so much incomparable resources. The five Great Lakes and the Mississippi River located in her hinterland and 11% electric power are generated by water. It accounts 12% of the cultivated land area in the world. One eighth os its land has underground coal. It ranks firstly in gross output of natural gas and mineral resources. The forest area of about 440 million acres with 33% coverage rate. I believe that the US's rise largely depends on those resources.In 1860th, the US started its Second Industrial Revolution. In this revolution, the US developed fastly than the previous one's. In 1900, the operating railway line in the United States is about 190000 miles which equated the total length of European railway. In 1910, the agricultural total production values up to 9 billon dollars. At the beginning of twentieth century, the United States achieved agriculture mechanization and it finished its Second Industrial Revolution.All the two revolutions strengthen the economic base of the United States. Industrial civilization creates civilization and civilization promotes industrial civilization, too. Duringthe period of the two revolutions, many people including politicians, scholars and scientists and so on, devoted all their strength to build America. There are some reasons why America's economy developed so fastly during this period:1.After The American War of independence, the US attached greatly importance to education. It was estimated that In eighteenth century, Britain's literacy rate is between 48% and 70%, and the residents of North America's literacy rate has reached 70% to 100%. These learned person and their offspring had a great influence on the economic development of America.2.The pioneers of America appreciated the freedom, democratic and peace they got. They had distinct personality such as individualism, pioneering spirit and spirit of adventure. All the characteristics made them to exploit and make progress.3.There are so many excellent leaders, scientists, scholars, and so on in America who promoted and even determined the development of America. President Washington and his staffs overcame many difficulties to realize the independence of the United States. President Lincoln maintained the unity of the country and promoted the development of civilization. Westward Movement and buying Alaska fully demonstrated the American leaders' unique vision.4.Americas have always known how to deal with other countries and can also benefit a lot from it. After its independent, it established colonies all over the world just as British did. By the war of aggression, the United States has accumulated great wealth.During the two World War, the US became the leading power of the world.After the Cold War, the US became the sole super power in the world.Nowadays, many emerging countries such as China, Russia and so on rise. But the US is still a model that many countries estimate. Its strong capability of innovation is the driving force for economic development.All in all, the main reason why America is so strong is fundamentally based on its strong economy. Other aspects such as military, politics and culture all benefit a lot from it.1200443LYT。
美国经济的增长及影响
一、美国经济从繁荣到衰退从1992年以来,美国经济进入了新的一轮经济扩张期,出现了少见的繁荣景象,一个新名词“新经济”也随之诞生。
在这轮扩张中,各种指标均呈现健康态势,出现了“一高两低”的现象,即经济长期高速增长,但失业率、通货膨胀率却很低。
美国经济年平均增长率为3.8%,通货膨胀率保持在2%—3%,失业率大幅度下降。
在这次新经济中,美国占据着信息产业的优势,信息产业成为美国新的经济增长点,带动美国经济持续增长;而且其全球化程度非常高,一两家企业的产品几乎垄断全球市场。
然而,美国经济自2000年下半年以来,经济增长速度趋缓。
2001年3月,经济就已经步入衰退。
按年率计算,2000年前2个季度经济增长率分别高达4.8%和5.6%;后2个季度分别为2.2%和1.0%。
至2001年,头2个季度分别为1.3%和0.3%,第3季度就已出现负恐怖袭击事件的发生,进一步加剧了美国经济的衰退。
增长,增长率为-1.1%,美国经济本身呈疲软走势。
“9.11”事件对美国造成的经济损失估计将达数千亿美元,损失最大的几个行业有航空、旅游、证券、保险、“9.11”能源、房地产等。
尽管该事件对美国社会和经济都产生了比较强烈的冲击,但美国政府在2001年第4季度采取的增加财政支出13%,国防开支增长14%的财政政策,使美国经济在第4季度出现回升,该季度GDP增长达到2.7%,2002 年第1季度出现了高达5%的增长率。
从数据上看,这是一个不错的开始。
然而好景不长,2002年9月公布第2季度GDP增长率又回落至1.1%。
此外,美国的失业率也一直居高不下。
近几个月来,美国失业率均在5.8%到6%之间徘徊,为多年来的最高水平。
据2002年9月18日公布的最新数据显示,2002年7月失业率达5.9%,8月为5.7%。
二、美国经济走势分析:美国经济将步入增长性衰退对于美国经济未来走势及全球经济前景,许多学者作出了各种各样的预测。
有两种观点大相径庭。
美国经济知识点总结
美国经济知识点总结美国作为全球最大的经济体之一，其经济体系复杂而庞大。
理解美国经济对于全球经济有着重要的意义，因此，本文将就美国经济的相关知识点进行总结和分析，包括美国经济体系、GDP、就业市场、货币政策、贸易政策、金融市场等方面的知识点。
一、美国经济体系美国是一个市场经济体系，这意味着资源的配置主要通过市场机制来决定，政府的干预相对较少。
在美国经济体系中，私有财产权和自由市场发挥着重要作用，企业和个人在市场上有较大的自由度。
此外，美国的经济体系也被认为是一个消费驱动型经济体系，消费者支出占GDP的比重较高。
因此，美国的经济增长受消费者信心和支出的影响较大。
另外，政府在美国经济中也扮演着重要的角色，通过税收政策、财政政策和货币政策等手段来影响经济的发展。
政府对于基础设施建设、教育、医疗保健等领域的投入也对经济发展产生着重要影响。
二、美国GDPGDP（国内生产总值）是衡量一个国家经济规模的重要指标，也是评估一个国家经济活动的总量。
美国的GDP一直处于世界前列，2019年美国的GDP总额达21.43万亿美元，占全球总量的超过20%。
美国经济的GDP主要由消费、投资、政府支出和净出口四大部分组成。
其中，消费者支出占整体GDP的比重较高，投资、政府支出和净出口也都对GDP的增长有着重要的贡献。
除了总量GDP外，GDP增长率也是一个重要的指标，它反映了一个国家经济的增长速度。
通常情况下，经济增长率高意味着就业市场更健康，企业利润更丰厚，消费者更有购买力。
三、美国就业市场就业市场是衡量一个国家经济活力和社会稳定的重要指标。
美国的就业市场相对较为活跃，2019年美国的失业率处于历史低位。
美国的就业市场有着高度的灵活性，同时也存在一定程度的结构性失业问题。
在技术进步和全球化的背景下，一些行业和地区的就业情况可能会出现较大的波动。
此外，劳动力市场参与率、工资水平、福利保障等也都是反映就业市场情况的重要指标。
对于美国的就业市场来说，政府的政策和企业的就业创造能力都是影响其发展的重要因素。
美国经济 英语作文
The United States has one of the largest and most influential economies in the world. Here are some key points to consider when writing an essay on the U.S.economy:1.Economic Size and Growth:Begin by discussing the sheer size of the U.S.economy, which is often measured by its Gross Domestic Product GDP.Highlight how the U.S.has maintained a position as one of the top economies globally,with significant contributions to global GDP growth.2.Capitalism and Free Markets:The U.S.economy is fundamentally based on capitalism, where the private sector drives production and investment.Discuss the role of free markets in fostering innovation and competition,which are key to the countrys economic strength.3.Innovation and Technology:The United States is a leader in technological innovation, with Silicon Valley being a global hub for startups and tech giants.Discuss how technological advancements have propelled economic growth and created new industries.bor Market:The bor market is characterized by a high degree of mobility and flexibility.Talk about the importance of the labor force in driving economic productivity and the role of education and skill development in maintaining a competitive workforce.5.Consumer Spending:As a consumerdriven economy,the U.S.relies heavily on consumer spending to fuel its economic growth.Discuss the impact of consumer confidence on the economy and how it influences business cycles.6.Trade and Globalization:The U.S.is deeply integrated into the global economy through trade.Discuss the role of international trade in shaping the U.S.economy, including the benefits and challenges of globalization.7.Regulation and Policy:Government policies and regulations play a crucial role in shaping the U.S.economy.Discuss the balance between government intervention and deregulation,and how these policies affect economic stability and growth.8.Monetary Policy:The Federal Reserve,the central bank of the United States,has significant influence over the economy through monetary policy.Explain how interest rates and other monetary tools are used to control inflation and promote economic stability.9.Fiscal Policy:Discuss the role of government spending and taxation in the U.S. economy.Highlight how fiscal policy can be used to stimulate growth during recessionsor to reduce inflation during periods of high economic activity.10.Challenges and Future Outlook:Address the challenges the U.S.economy faces,such as income inequality,the national debt,and the impact of automation on jobs.Discuss potential strategies for addressing these issues and the longterm outlook for the economy.11.Sectoral Contributions:The U.S.economy is diverse,with significant contributions from various sectors such as manufacturing,services,agriculture,and energy.Discuss the role of these sectors in the overall economy and any shifts in their importance over time.12.Economic Indicators:Use economic indicators such as GDP growth rate, unemployment rate,inflation rate,and the stock market to illustrate the health of the U.S. economy.When writing your essay,ensure that you provide a balanced view,including both the strengths and weaknesses of the e data and examples to support your arguments and predictions.。
National Economy
美国商标
有关美国经济方面的电影
影 子 大 亨
华 尔 街
硅谷传奇
甜心先生
National Economy ---美国经济 美国经济
General Introduction
• The United States is the largest developed country and the only superpower in the world. • 美国是最大的发达国家和世界强国。 • With about 5% of the world’s population ,the United States produces 27% of the total world output. • 人口大约占世界5%，美国生产的 世界总产量占世界27%。
• It leads the world in such fields as information technology ,computers,space, nuclear energy ,electronics and military products. • 它在信息技术，电脑，太空技术，核 它在信息技术，电脑，太空技术， 能量，电子和军用产品占主导地位。 能量，电子和军用产品占主导地位。
The factors
Many factors have contributed to the development of American industries : ① The vast sources ② Human resources ③ The cost of labor ④ Foreign trade policy ⑤ Religious influence ⑥ Freedom of movement
economy用法
economy用法随着时代不断变迁，各行各业都在朝着数字化、智能化和网络化的方向快速发展。
而经济学作为一门社会科学，也随之展现了其重要性。
如今，经济学的研究已经深入到了日常生活的方方面面，不论是个体生活还是国家政策，都不可避免地涉及到经济方面的问题。
因此，正确使用“economy”这个单词，对我们的日常学习和工作有着至关重要的作用。
下面，我们将通过分步骤的方式，详细阐述如何正确使用“economy”。
1.首先，“economy”这个单词可以用于描述一个国家或地区的整体经济体系。
在这种情况下，我们可以使用“the economy”这个短语。
比如说，“the economy of the United States is one of the largest in the world”（美国的经济体系是世界上最大的之一）。
另外，我们还可以使用“economic system”这个短语来描述一个国家的经济体系。
比如说，“China's economic system is a socialist market economy”（中国的经济体系是社会主义市场经济）。
2.其次，“economy”这个单词还可以用于描述个人或企业的财务状况。
在这种情况下，我们可以使用“financial economy”这个短语。
比如说，“The Smith family is facing some tough financial economy after losing their jobs”（史密斯一家人在失去工作后面临着一些严峻的财务状况）。
另外，我们还可以使用“business economy”这个短语来描述企业的财务状况。
比如说，“The business economy of the company has been struggling in recent months due to the pandemic”（公司的业务财务近几个月由于疫情而陷入困境）。
阅读2
阅读2The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typi cal year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The A griculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％答案：cdabc。
诺斯著,刘瑞华译版：制度、制度变迁与经济绩效
制度、制度变迁与经济成就原著/道格拉斯•诺斯译者/刘瑞华导读刘瑞华（清华大学经济研究所副教授）一道格拉斯·诺斯（Douglass C. North，1920－）是当代经济史学界最受瞩目的大师之一。
这本《制度、制度变迁与经济成就》是他的近期著作。
为了理解诺斯的理论脉络，有必要介绍一些他早期著作的内容。
诺斯在学术上的贡献与1950 年以来西方学界兴起的「新经济史」或「计量史学」（cliometrics）密切相关。
第二次世界大战之后，从美国的经济史学界崛起的新一代学者特别强调结合经济学与历史，并且致力于应用经济分析与统计方法研究历史问题。
诺斯就属于第一代的新经济史学家，在1950 年就开始推动应用经济理论分析历史的工作。
在1961年，诺斯就出版了《美国的经济成长，1790-1860年》（The Economic Growth of the United States，1790-1860）一书，探讨美国在内战以前的快速经济成长。
该书可说是新经济史革命开始之后的第一本专书，也是有关美国经济史的一本经典之作。
诺斯在该书中清楚的利用《国富论》的论点和美国的历史资料，说明十九世纪前美国经济成长的动力是来自出口贸易、资本流入与区域扩张，由于这些动力引发了专业分工的利益与组织的创新，而提高社会所得。
此外，这些力量也导致教育与知识的投资，以及技术进步而产生长远的影响。
接着在1966年，诺斯又写了《美国过去的成长与福利：一部新经济史》（Growth and Welfare in the American Past：A New Economic History ）。
这本书中，他延续了前书的分析，进一步探讨美国经过快速成长的后果。
在他的分析之下，美国在十九世纪以后的土地政策、农民抗争和政府积极介入经济活动的发展，都有其历史背景。
诺斯也在这本书里开始提出对公共部门的政策和法规的历史分析。
在1960至1966年之间正是新经济史全面拓展的时候，诺斯担任了《经济史学刊》（Journal of Economic History）的主编之一。
美国经济-us-economy
2008
GDP GDP growth
Statistics
US
$14.26 trillion 6.2%
China
$4.98 trillion 9.6%
GDP per capita GDP by sector
Inflation
$46,800
agriculture (0.9%), industry (20.6%), services (78.5%)
Industrial Revolution
end of 18C-beginning of 19C
● birth of the US ● publication of Adam Smith’s book ● the Industrial Revolution
Adam Smith
Adam Smith
▼1780s, first American, commercial bank ▼ until 1863, truly national banking system with a standard paper currency
5. The construction of railroads marked the start of a new era for the United States (1830s)
(1) firearms industry requiring precision engineering
(2) Eli Whitney: inventing the cotton gin (轧棉) to remove the seeds from the bolls of cotton quickly
Geographical size
The-Economy-Of-The-United-States
• Americans currently save about 1% of their income eac year. • "saving account"——the traditional method. • Trillions of dollars of savings are invested in the stock market at any given time. • Defined benefit persions,defined contribution persions and home ownership——used for many families
produce currency controls the supply of money regulates the work environment
பைடு நூலகம்
Federal Taxation,Deficits Debt
• In order to finance its many activities,the federal government taxes both firms and households. • Since 1969,the federal government has had a bdget deficit. • The national debt,or the accumulation of all bedt owed by the federal government,was over $10 trillion or a little less than two-thirds of the GDP.
• The economy of • The growth was the US is best 3.4% per year defined as a between 1959 mixed economy. and 2006.
美国经济发展概况
04
金融市场与货币政策
金融体系结构与发展历程
金融体系构成
美国金融体系由中央银行、商业银行、投资 银行、保险公司等各类金融机构组成。
发展历程
美国金融市场经历了多次金融危机和监管改 革，逐渐形成了较为完善的金融体系。
货币政策制定与执行效果评估
要点一
货币政策制定
要点二
执行效果评估
美联储负责制定货币政策，通过调整联邦基金利率等手段 来影响经济活动。
历史背景与文化
历史背景
美国历史悠久，经历了殖民时期、独立战争、南北战争等重 要历史事件。
文化
美国文化多元，拥有独特的艺术、音乐、电影等文化表现形 式。
政治体制与经济制度
政治体制
美国实行总统制，由总统、国会和最高法院三权分立，相互制衡。
经济制度
美国实行市场经济，以私有制为基础，政府通过政策调控市场运行。
19世纪初，美国开始进入工业化进程 。这一进程主要集中在制造业、采矿 业和农业等领域。工业化进程推动了 美国经济的快速发展。
现代化进程
20世纪初，美国开始进入现代化进程 。这一进程主要集中在科技、金融、 服务业等领域。现代化进程进一步推 动了美国经济的快速发展。
全球化背景下的经济发展
全球化背景
全球化背景下，美国经济与其他国家经济紧密相连。全球化促进了国际贸易和投资，为美国经济发展提供Байду номын сангаас新的 机遇和挑战。
01
社会保障制度是美国最重要的社 会福利计划之一，旨在为老年人 、残疾人和遗属提供基本生活保 障。
02
改革方向主要包括提高社会保障 税、降低福利水平、增加工作激 励等措施，以应对社会保障基金 的短缺和维持其长期可持续性。
美国概况 英文版 第三章 美国经济
-----
American Economy
Prof. Niangen Huang
American Economy
1. What is a market economy? What a role does the federal government play in economy? 2. How does the Federal Reserve influence the volume of bank lending? And what is open-market operation? 3. What is bond? Who can issue bonds in the United States? 4. What is inflation? When an inflation comes what will happen? 5. Why does America have such a large deficit? How do you comment on the U. S. Policy of deficit financing?
With perhaps half of 1% of the world agricultural labor force, the United States produces nearly 20% of the grains, including 50% of the corn (maize), grown in the world. It ranks first, second, or third in the production of corn, wheat, soybeans, oranges, meats, milk, apples, oats, cotton, tobacco, peanuts, and edible vegetable oils.
英语国家概况：TheU.S.Economy美国经济
英语国家概况：The U.S.Economy美国经济 下⾯是店铺整理的英语国家概况：The U.S. Economy美国经济，欢迎⼤家阅读! The U.S. Economy 1)Factors that contribute to the fast growth ofthe economy: ①the geographical location of the United Statespovides very good conditions for the country to growand become strong. ②the United States has been blessed by being a landrich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil,together with a moderate climate. ③America has been fortunate in having enough people to provide the labour necessary for aconstantly expanding economy. ④the quality of available labour. The United States has a skilful and willing labour force. 经济快速增长的⼏个因素： 1.美国的地理位置为国家的发展壮⼤提供了良好的条件; 2.美国有幸是⼀块矿产资源丰富、⼟壤肥沃的陆地，⽓候温和; 3.拥有⾜够的劳动⼒以满⾜不断发展的经济增长; 4.这些劳动⼒的质量。
美国拥有技术⾼和能动性好的劳动⼒⼤军。
2)Characteristics of the U.S. economy: characterised by a high degree of monopoly. 经济特征：已⾼度垄断为特点。
state的用法总结大全
state的用法总结大全state可以用作名词、动词和形容词，具有多种意思和用法。
以下是state的一些常见用法总结：名词用法：1. 状态、状况：the state of the economy（经济状况）2. 州、国家：the United States（美国）3. 政府：the state government（州政府）4. 身份、地位：a state dinner（国宴）动词用法：1. 陈述、说：He stated his opinion.（他陈述了自己的观点。
）2. 表示、说明：The report states that the project is behind schedule.（报告表明该项目进度延迟。
）3. 规定、规定：The rules state that no smoking is allowed.（规则规定不允许吸烟。
）4. 声明、宣称：The defendant stated his innocence.（被告声称自己无辜。
）5. 呈现、显示：The painting states a clear message.（这幅画呈现了一个明确的信息。
）形容词用法：1. 国家的、州的：state government（州政府）2. 正式的、庄重的：a state occasion（正式场合）3. 详细的、清楚的：state the facts（陈述事实）4. 心理压力大的：in a state of anxiety（处于焦虑状态）5. 重要的、显著的：a state secret（重要的机密）此外，还有一些习语中常用到state，比如：1. in a state of shock（处于震惊状态）2. state of the art（最先进的）3. state the obvious（陈述显而易见的事实）4. state of emergency（紧急状态）需要注意的是，state的具体用法还要根据语境来确定，上述总结只是一些常见用法的例子。
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Economy of the United States
Presemt Economy
The United States of America is the world's largest national economy. The United States has a mixed economy and has maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a moderate unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment. The US has abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity. The U.S. is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas. It is the second-largest trading nation in the world as well as the world's second largest manufacturer, representing a fifth of the global manufacturing output. The United States has one of the world's largest and most influential financial markets. The New York Stock Exchange is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization. The United States has the largest consumer market in the world, with a household final consumption expenditure five times larger than Japan's. The labor market has attracted immigrants from all over the world and its net migration rate is among the highest in the world. The U.S. is one of the top-performing economies in studies such as the Ease of Doing Business Index, the Global Competitiveness Report, and others. The US economy is currently embroiled in the economic downturn which followed the financial crisis of 2007–08, with output still below potential according to the Congressional Budget Office.
The Development of American Economy
Colonial era
The economic history of the United States has its roots in European settlements in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The American colonies went from marginally successful colonial economies to a small, independent farming economy, which in 1776 became the United States of America. In 180 years, the US grew to a huge, integrated, industrialized economy that made up around one fifth of the world economy. As a result, the US GDP per capita converged on and eventually surpassed that of the U.K., as well as other nations that it previously trailed economically. The economy maintained high wages, attracting immigrants by the millions from all over the world.
1800s
In the 19th century, recessions frequently coincided with financial crises.
1900s
The United States has been the world's largest national economy since at least the 1920s.
From the New Deal era that began in 1933, to the Great Society initiatives of the 1960s, national policy makers relied principally on fiscal policy to influence the
economy. The economy since 1973, however, has been characterized by both slower growth (averaging 2.7%), and nearly stagnant living standards, with household incomes increasing by 10%, or only 0.3% annually. The worst recession in recent decades, in terms of lost output, occurred during the financial crisis of 2007–08, when GDP fell by 5.0% from the spring of 2008 to the spring of 2009. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was popular in the U.S. to believe that Japan's economy would surpass that of the U.S., but this did not happen. The North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, created one of the largest trade blocs in the world in 1994.
2000s
The United States economy experienced a crisis in 2008 led by a derivatives market and subprime mortgage crisis, and a declining dollar value.
Business culture
A central feature of the U.S. economy is the economic freedom afforded to the private sector by allowing the private sector to make the majority of economic decisions in determining the direction and scale of what the U.S. economy produces. This is enhanced by relatively low levels of regulation and government involvement,as well as a court system that generally protects property rights and enforces contracts.
From its emergence as an independent nation, the United States has encouraged science and innovation. As a result, the United States has been the birthplace of 161 of Britannica's 321 Great Inventions, including items such as the airplane, internet, microchip, laser, cellphone, refrigerator, email, microwave, personal computer, LCD and LED technology, air conditioning, assembly line, supermarket, bar code, electric motor, ATM, and many more.
参考资料：可可英语，谷歌，维基百科。