高中英语语法-非谓语动词详解
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非谓语动词
教学重点
1,非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别;
2,非谓语动词的各种形式和应用;
3,非谓语动词的考点解析。
一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。如:
Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches是谓语动词。)Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(to have a talk不定式作状语)2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。如:
Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。(动词用第三人称单数形式)Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。(do用原形)
二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其动能和形式如下:
非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下:
三、考点解析
非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
1 动名词和不定式作表语
①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:
To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.
②动名词作主语的句型。如:
It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)
③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:
动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如:
His coming made me happy.
I can't imagine his/him living there alone.
④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如:
Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.
完成下列句子:
①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话).
②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事).
③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?
④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩).
⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me.
⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.
⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.
【答案】①of you to believe what he said①for him to do such a thing ①my/me smoking①your/you arguing with him①Going①Being taken ①Being devoted
2动名词和不定式作宾语
①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语:
attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),long(渴望),desire(渴望),expect,hope,wish,want,swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan,care(关心,喜欢),happen(碰巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choose(选择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise,undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determine(决定),manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待)
②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语:
acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说到,讲到),
tolerate/stand/bear(忍受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主张),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟,延期),escape(逃跑,逃避),excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践),suggest/advise/recommend(建议),prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止),understand(理解),include(包括)
③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有:
have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in),take pleasure in,spend time/money (in),waste time(in),be worth,be busy,feel like,be committed to
④to作为介词的短语有:
look forward to,pay attention to,object to=be opposed to,be devoted to,stick to,come close to(差一点),get down to(开始认真做),get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to=contribute to(sb. doing/being done)
⑤allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend的用法:
allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+doing
allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+sb.+to do如:
I don't allow smoking in my room.
I don't allow him to smoke in my room.
用所给词的适当形式填空:
①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch).