实用英汉互译教程7 Sentence Order

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翻译技巧之语序调整法

翻译技巧之语序调整法语序调整法（inversion）Inversion 作为一种翻译技巧，其意思为，翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变，并不是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。

在语法中，倒装一般是指主语与谓语或与谓语的一部分颠倒位置，而翻译中的inversion是指译文和原文相比，词序发生了变化，故名“词序调整法”。

词序调整法在英汉互译中运用是非常普遍的，不管是词汇、短语的翻译，或是句子的翻译，都是如此。

By inversion in translation we mean that the constituent elements of a sentence are arranged in a way different from the general rules of word order of the language in question. Each language has its own peculiarities in word order. The natural order in English may mean the inverted order in Chinese. Put it more clearly, inversion, as one of the translation techniques, means the necessary or even inevitable change of word-order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. This change of word-order is necessary because, first of all, each language has its own natural word order and its own peculiarities in word order, secondly, inversion, as a stylistic device, is often used for emphasis.它主要涉及到词序、句序两方面的调整。

郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】

郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】第1章翻译概述⼀、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。

2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。

3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通⽤的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。

⼆、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译⼊语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东⽅语⾔和西⽅语⾔3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历⼭⼤?弗雷泽?泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治?穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《⼏何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花⼥》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群⼰权界论》（约翰?穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当?斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺⽽不信。

英汉互译教程unit 7

三、精神文化
精神文化包括政治制度、文学艺术、宗教信仰、价值观念等菲尔普斯在奥运会期间大出风头，马上出现了 Phelpsian 一词，意为菲尔普斯式的； greenwashing表面看起来是使用绿色洗涤剂，实际上是指有些生产厂家把非环保产品粉饰成环保产品； Obama-mania 的含义很明显，就是指为奥巴马发狂的人；现在全世界正遭受金融危机，美国更是深陷其中，与金融有关的词成了热门词汇，如foreclosure 因为无力还贷，房子被提前没收；subprime次级信贷； bailout 救市。
宗教文化 :英语国家主要信仰基督教或天主教，Christian, Catholic, Jesus Christ ,Bible 而在中国，儒释道占据了主要地位,儒家 Confucian Thoughts、道家思想Taoist Thoughts，阴阳yin yang 。
7.3 文化因素与翻译策略
译者通常采用归化或者异化的策略处理. 归化是指在翻译时尽量用目的语中的表达方式来再现原语，同时尽量关照目的语读者异化是指在翻译时尽量保留原语中的表达方式，尊重原语言的读者。这两种翻译策略实际上代表了对待文化的两种不同方式。
世人都晓神仙好……（红楼梦）译文1：All men long to be immortals… (杨译) 译文2: Men all know that salvation should be won…（霍译）
谋事在人，成事在天。（红楼梦）译文1：Man proposes, Heaven disposes. （杨译）译文2: Man proposes, God disposes. （霍译） There’s more of Sampson than of Solomon in him. 译文1: 与其说他是所罗门，还不如说他是参孙。译文2: 四肢发达，头脑简单。

sentence translation

Sentence T ranslation1. Changing sentence order (Inversion)•There are diverse cultural backgrounds between English and Chinese, hence the large gapbetween the habitual expressions of these two languages. In this case, it is quite impossible for us to translate word by word, so sometimes we need to change the sentence order to make the target language smooth.•About 1840, a canal was constructed across the meadows of the Marsh Farm.•Improper: 大约在1840年，一条运河被建在横穿马什农场的草地上。

•Revised:•(The place of subject is changed.)•From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots.•Improper: 从那时刻他们走上祖国土地起……•Revised:•(The place of attributive clause is changed.)•Even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. (Alex Haley: Roots)•Improper: 即使他家乡的野兽，昆塔觉得，也比这些家伙有更多的尊严。

郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】

郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。

注意翻译术语的适当运⽤，尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英，主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则)，即选词⽤字法，增译法，减译法，词类转移法，词序调整法，正说反译法、反说正译法，分译法和重译法。

2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”，就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。

3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤，第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准)；第⼆是为了强调，使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准)；第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象，引⼈⼈胜。

口译教程unit 7--

• 国内生产总值47．2万亿元，比上年增长9．2%；公共财政收入10．37万亿元，增长24．8%；粮食产量57121万吨，再创历史新高；城镇新增就业 1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8．4%和11．4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了 “十二五”时期良好开局。
Useful Expression (5)
sale well畅销 dull of sale 滞销 sell on credit 赊销 push sales of goods 推销商品 delivery to door steps 送货上门 consignee收货人 cash settlement 现汇结算 settlement on account 记帐结算 advanced payment预付货款 down payment 订金 cash payment现付 payment by installment 分期付款 deferred payment延期付款 payee，beneficiary收款人 dishonor拒付 notary public法定公证人 one-service packing一次性使用包装 principle 货主，委托人 an advertising agent广告代理人
Useful Expression (3)
17. return commission 回佣 (卖方收取全部贷款后给中间商的佣金)
18. trade discount 贸易折扣(卖方按货价给予买方一定的百分比减让)
19. rebate 回折(指卖方在收入的贷款中以一定百分比的金额回付给买方)
20. allowance 减让，补贴(指卖方对出售的商品在品质或数量方面给予买方补贴，或在收取贷款时给予一定的减让) quantity discount 数量折扣 (表示对超过一定购买数量而给买方的一种特别折扣)

郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第1、2章【圣才出品】

第1章翻译概述一、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。

2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。

3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通用的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。

二、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译入语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东方语言和西方语言3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历山大•弗雷泽•泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治•穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《几何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花女》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群己权界论》（约翰•穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当•斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺而不信。

商务英语翻译教程(第三版)unit7广告翻译

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Classification:
Classification by Medium:
Newspaper Advertisement, Magazine Advertisement, Television Advertisement, Radio Advertisement, Direct Mail Advertisement, Outdoor Advertisement and others.
（6） Poetry in motion, dancing close to me．动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）（7） Ask for more.
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渴望无限。（百事流行鞋）（8） The choice of a new generation.
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新一代的选择。（百事可乐）（9）要买房，到建行。
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Features of Ads
Attractive—catch the reader’s attention
Creative—project an image Persuasive—urge the reader to act
Impressive—produce an impact
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随着经济全球化的发展，广告宣传国际化的趋势将会越来越明显、越来越激烈。无论是中国企业还是外国企业，都存在着一个广告国际化、全球化的问题，也就是商品广告的翻译问题。国际性商品广告翻译应当充分考虑产品销售对象的语言习惯、文化积淀与心理定式以便能够更好地为企业服务、更好地推销产品。实践证明，成功的广告翻译会带来巨大的经济效益，而不成功的翻译不仅会给会给企业或国家带来重大的经济损失，还会直接影响企业或国家的形象。因此，如何恰如其分地理解和翻译跨文化广告，已是摆在商务翻译人员面前的一个现实问题。

工程硕士研究生实用英语教程(国防科技大学出版)专业英语7(英汉互译整理版)

How to write a good paper 如何写好一个论文How to write a good paper▪Notes from discussion meeting at University of Agder▪By Professor Tom Luo▪University of Minnesota▪I do not know the right answer. Let's think about how to write a good paper – a scientific paper.▪What is a good paper? Not easy to define. In my mind, it has to have good technical content.我不知道正确的答案。

让我们来想想怎么写一篇好的论文- 科学论文。

什么是一个很好的文件？不容易界定。

在我看来，它必须有良好的技术含量。

▪There are two ways to achieve this:Introduce a good problem formulation – the low fruit. Being the first one in the field. To show a theoretical discussion, show the importantaspects of a particular problem. A good introduction to that fieldrequires a lot of luck and vision. You are ahead of the pack for 6months – a year – good for you. People cite that a lot.A good closer which gives the final answer. Have chewed [tʃu:, 咀嚼,思考] on the problem for a while, paper takes up key issues and youintroduces an innovative technique to solve it –it gives technicalinsight.有两种方法来实现这一点：介绍一个好问题形成- 低的水果。

unit 7 (转换 )

12. How to facilitate the economic and institutional integration of developing countries into the world trading system is a major challenge for international economic cooperation. 如何在经济上，体制上便利发展中国家融入国际贸易体制是国际经济合作面临的重大挑战。 13. The delegation was accompanied by an United Nations officer and three non-combat military policemen. 陪同代表团的是一位联合国官员和三名非战斗人员的军事警察。 14. They want to use military force against so-called terrorist countries. 他们要用军事力量来对付那些所谓的恐怖主义国家。 15. You and your country waged a long struggle for social justice. 您和贵国进行了长期斗争以争取社会正义。
4. Your historic 12th Congress has laid down new guidelines for your administration and your plans for construction. 笔译：你们历史性的第十二次代表大会为你们的政府管理和建设计划制定了新的方针。口译：你们历史性的第十二次代表大会制定了新的方针，指导政府管理和建设计划。
25. As for the precise interpretation of the mandate of the organization, most delegations prefer the first option. 至于如何准确地解释该组织的职权，大部分代表团赞成第一种选择。

英译汉教程7_接待翻译技巧

Repetition of the prepositions common to several objects
1. The solid friendship between our two countries took shape during our protracted struggle against colonialism, hegemonism, and outmoded relationships. 我们两国之间的牢固友谊是在我们反对殖民主义，反对霸权主义，和反对旧式关系的持久斗争中形成的。
பைடு நூலகம்
Examples
1. The street of New York were brilliant with moving men. 纽约的大街上人来人往，五光十色。 2. Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落的、冷冷淡淡的掌声。
Grammatical repetition
Repetition often results from differences in grammar or usage of the two languages. What is usually substituted or omitted may often be repeated in Chinese And this repetition can help to achieve clarity in meaning of the translation.
Repetition of the modifier

英汉互译常用技巧之简译法陈霞宾艳芳李晖

1 These developing countries cover vast territories,encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。 2 When the pressure gets low,the boiling-point
3 She hid behind the door . 她藏在门后（behind不能省略） 4 His brother stood by the window. 他弟弟站在窗边（by不能省略）
谓语的省略
英语的谓语必须是动词，而汉语的谓语却可以是形容词或其他词性，故英语中的动词特别是联系动词可以省略不译。
blushed deeper,if she could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time. 她又行了个屈膝礼，由于她的脸一直涨的通红，所以现在不可能涨的更红了。
3 同义词，近义词或意义重复的词，翻译时可适当省略
1 He was safe and sound. 他平安无恙。
2 英文中重复出现的短语译成汉语时可适当省略
1 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not .
报考大学的人，有工作的优先录取。 2 She curtseyed again,and would have
B·在英语句子中，泛指的人称代词常常不译出来
EXAMPLES:
1）When will he arrive？—You can never tell .

sentence-order-语序的调整

12. 她一手提着竹篮，内中一个破碗，空的；一手拄着一支比她更长的竹竿，下端开了裂，她分明纯乎是一个乞丐了。
In one hand she carried a wicker basket, in which was a broken bowl, empty; in the other a bamboo pole longer than herself, split at the bottom: it was clear she had become a beggar.
1.The dog + is running. 2.The man + saw + a cow. 3.The car + is + ready. 4.A picture + lay + on the ground. 5.I+ gave + John + a book. 6.He + called + John + a fool. 7.Mary + saw + John + yesterday.
2021/6/7
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1. The Marked Predicate
1.走进来一位四十岁左右的男子。
IБайду номын сангаас came a man of about forty. 2.房子中间放着一张桌子，桌后立着一面
浅蓝色的屏风。
In the middle of the room was a table, behind it stood a screen of a light blue colour.
2021/6/7
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3. The Marked Adverbial

英汉互译

The Spring DawnSlumbering, I know not the spring dawn is peeping,But everywhere the singing birds are cheeping.Last night I heard the rain dripping and wind weeping,How many petals are now on the ground sleeping.Mounting the Stock TowerThe white sun sets behind mountains,The Yellow River flows into the sea.Go further up one flight of stairs,And you’ll widen your view a thousand Li.Chapter 6 Differences Between Chinese And English1．writing system:Chinese: ideographic system （表意文字）English: alphabetic system （表音文字）1.family:C: Sino-Tibetan familyE: Indo-European family2.type:C: analytic E: syntheticFineness3.tone:C: tone language E: intonation language5. Relationships between the vocabularies of the two languages1)Correspondence: proper names, nounsoverall strength of the country, to pay sb. IOU, 知识产权false correspondence:淡水，salt solution 盐水，学习知识acquire knowledge，强硬政策tough policy，好票，穷山恶水barren mountains AND untamed rivers 2）Inclusion: 胡子(moustache, whiskers, beard),beauty (beauty contest, beauty shop, beauty specialist，the magazine's beauty editor)3）Intersection:骑墙fence-sitter ，票：请买票。

科技英语翻译 (30)

*A singular notion dawned upon me. I doubted not- never doubted-that if Mr. Reed had been alive he would have treated me kindly. (Jane Eyre) 我忽然闪过一个古怪的念头。我不怀疑—也从来没有怀疑过—里德先生要是在世，一定会待我很好。(《简爱》)
5. Changing the order of adverbial 状语换序
* There were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face, on the throne of England; there were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a fair face, on the throne of France. In both countries it was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State preserves of loaves and fishes, that things in general were settled for ever. (A Tale of Two Cities) 英格兰宝座上有一个大下巴的国王和一个面貌平庸的王后；法兰西宝座上有一个大下巴的国王和一个面貌姣好的王后。对两国支配着国家全部财富的老爷来说，国家大局足以万岁千秋乃是比水晶还清楚的事。 (《双城记》)
3）汉语复句的断句
*叫做福生的那个瘦长男子听得姑太太称赞他，快活得什么似的，一面急口回答，一面转身又拖了两把椅子来放在姑老爷或姑太太的背后，又是献茶，又是敬烟。（《子夜》） ①The spindly youth Fusheng bubbled in reply, dazzled by Mrs. Du’s compliments. ② He placed a chair behind her and another behind her husband. ③Then he bustled about serving tea and offering cigarettes round.