BBC美丽中国英文字幕word第二集

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[BBC.美丽中国1].BBC.Wild.China

NARRATOR: The last hidden world,China.For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapesand surprising creatures.Chinese civilisation is the world's oldestand today, its largest,with well over a billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groupsand a wide range of traditional lifestyles,often in close partnership with nature.We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems.But there is great beauty here, too.China is home to the world's highest mountains,vast deserts ranging from searing hotto mind-numbing cold.Steaming forests harbouring rare creatures.Grassy plains beneath vast horizons.And rich tropical seas.Now for the first time ever,we can explore the whole of this great country,meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live hereand consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of Chinato the remarkable landscape in which they live.This is Wild China.Our exploration of China begins in the warm, subtropical south.On the Li River, fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts, a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years. This scenery is known throughout the world,a recurring motif in Chinese paintings.And a major tourist attraction.The south of China is a vast area,eight times larger than the UK.It's a landscape of hills but also of water.(THUNDER RUMBLING)It rains here for up to 250 days a year,and standing water is everywhere.(THUNDER RUMBLING)In the floodplain of the Yangtze River,black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms.But isn't just wildlife that thrives in this environment. The swampy ground provides ideal conditionsfor a remarkable member of the grass family.Rice.The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8,000 years.It has transformed the landscape.Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmers as they prepare the age-old paddy fields ready for the coming spring.These hill slopes of the Yuanyang County plunge nearly 2,000 metresto the floor of the Red River valley.Each contains literally thousands of stacked terraces carved out by hand using basic digging tools.Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China.Still ploughed, as they always have been,by domesticated water buffaloes,whose ancestors originated in these very valleys.This man-made landscapeis one of the most amazing engineering featsof pre-industrial China.It seems as if every square inch of landhas been pressed into cultivation.As evening approaches, an age-old ritual unfolds.It's the mating seasonand male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of the females.But it doesn't always pay to draw too much attention to yourself.The Chinese pond heron is a pitiless predator. (SQUAWKS)Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field,nature is red in beak and claw.This may look like a slaughterbut as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time,the vast majority will escape to croak another day. Terraced paddies like those of the Yuanyang Countyare found across much of southern China.This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation. In hilly Guizhou Province,the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture. With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation,the Miao build their wooden houseson the steepest and least productive hillsides.In Chinese rural life, everything has a use.Dried in the sun, manure from the cow shedswill be used as cooking fuel.(WOMEN CHATTERING IN CHINESE)It's midday, and the Song familyare tucking into a lunch of rice and vegetables. (SPEAKING IN CHINESE)Oblivious to the domestic chit-chat,Granddad Gu Yong Xiu has serious matters on his mind. Spring is the start of the rice growing season.The success of the crop will determine how well the family will eat next year,so planting at the right time is critical.The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year, never easy to predict.But there is some surprising help at hand.On the ceiling of the Songs' living room, a pair of red-rumped swallows,newly arrived from their winter migration,is busy fixing up last year's nest.In China, animals are valued as much for their symbolic meaningas for any good they may do.Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life,so their presence is a favour and a blessing,bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home. Like most Miao dwellings, the Songs' living room windows look out over the paddy fields.From early spring, one of these windows is always left open to let the swallows come and go freely.Each year, granddad Gu notes the exact day the swallows return.Miao people believe the birds' arrival predicts the timing of the season ahead.This year, they were late.So Gu and the other community elders have agreedthat rice planting should be delayed accordingly.As the Miao prepare their fields for planting,the swallows collect mud to repair their nestsand chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies.Finally, after weeks of preparation,the ordained time for planting has arrived.But first the seedlings must be uprooted from the nursery beds and bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddy higher up the hillside.All the Songs' neighbours have turned out to help with the transplanting.It's how the community has always worked.When the time comes, the Songs will return the favour. While the farmers are busy in the fields,the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest. Many hands make light work.Planting the new paddy takes little more than an hour.Job done, the villagers can relax,at least until tomorrow.But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a family has only just begun.In the newly planted fields, little egrets hunt for food. The rice paddies harbour tadpoles, fish and insectsand the egrets have chicks to feed.This colony in Chongqing Province was established in 1996, when a few dozen birds built nests in the bamboo grovebehind Yang Guang village.Believing they were a sign of luck,local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grew.But their attitude changed when the head of the village fell ill.They blamed the birds and were all set to destroy their nests, when the local government stepped in to protect them. Bendy bamboo may not be the safest nesting place,but at least this youngster won't end up as someone's dinner. These chicks have just had an eel delivered by their mum, quite a challenge for little beaks.(CHIRPING)Providing their colonies are protected,wading birds like egrets are among the few wild creatures which benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation. Growing rice needs lots of water.But even in the rainy south,there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce. This vast area of southwest China,the size of France and Spain combined,is famous for its clusters of conical hills,like giant upturned egg cartons, separated by dry empty valleys.This is the karst, a limestone terrainwhich has become the defining image of southern China. Karst landscapes are often studded with rocky outcrops, forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields.The people who live here are among the poorest in China.In neighbouring Yunnan Province,limestone rocks have taken over entirely.This is the famous Stone Forest,the product of countless years of erosion,producing a maze of deep gullies and sharp-edged pinnacles. Limestone has the strange property that it dissolves in rainwater.Over many thousands of years water has corroded its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itself.This natural wonder is a famous tourist spot,receiving close to two million visitors each year.The Chinese are fond of curiously-shaped rocksand many have been given fanciful names.No prizes for guessing what this one is called!But there's more to this landscape than meets the eye.China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns concealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst.Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes and is only just now being explored.(MAN SPEAKING CHINESE)For a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorers, caves represent the ultimate adventure.Exploring a cave is like taking a journey through time. Ajourney which endless raindrops will have followed over countless centuries.Fed by countless drips and trickles,the subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock. The cave river's course is channelled by the beds of limestone.A weakness in the rock can allow the riverto increase its gradient and flow-rate,providing a real challenge for the cave explorers.The downward rush is halted when the water table is reached. Here the slow-flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile.(MEN CHATTERING)This tranquil world is home to specialised cave fishes,like the eyeless golden barb.China may have more unique kinds of cave-evolved fishes than anywhere else on earth.Above the water table,ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill upwith stalactites and stalagmites.Stalactites form as trickling water deposits tiny quantities of rockover hundreds or thousands of years.Stalagmites grow up where lime-laden drips hit the cave floor. Oi!Whoo-hoo!So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospectedand cavers are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels,many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves.Finally escaping the darkness,the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valley far from where their journey began.For now, the adventure is over.Rivers which issue from cavesare the key to survival in the karst country.This vertical gorge in Guizhou Provinceis a focal point for the region's wildlife.This is one of the world's rarest primates,Fran鏾is' langur.In China they survive in just two southern provinces, Guizhou and Guangxi, always in rugged limestone terrains. Like most monkeys, they are social creaturesand spend a great deal of time grooming each other.Langurs are essentially vegetarianwith a diet of buds, fruits and tender young leaves.Babies are born with ginger fur,which gradually turns black from the tail end.Young infants have a vice-like grip, used to cling on to mum for dear life.As they get older, they get bolder and take more risks. Those that survive spend a lot of time travelling.The experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal foodsin different parts of their range.In such steep terrain, travel involves a high level ofclimbing skill.These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbersfrom the time they learn to walk.In langur society, females rule the roostand take the lead when the family is on the move.One section of cliff oozes a trickle of mineral-rich water which the monkeys seem to find irresistible.These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve which might pose a risk to a baby monkey.But in past centuries, this area of south Chinawas home to leopards, pythons and even tigers.To survive dangerous night prowlers, the langurs went underground,using their rock-climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible caverns.Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera,the troop clambers along familiar ledgesworn smooth by generations before them.During cold winter weather, the monkeys venture deeper undergroundwhere the air stays comparatively warm.At last, journey's end.A cosy niche beyond the reach of even the most enterprising predator.But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves. These children are off to school.In rural China that may mean a long trek each morning, passing through a cave or two on the way.But not all pupils have to walk to school.These children are boarders.(LAUGHING)As the day pupils near journey's end,the boarders are still making breakfast.In the schoolyard, someone seems to have switched the lights off.But this is no ordinary playground, and no ordinary school. It's housed inside a cave!A natural vault of rock keeps out the rainso there's no need for a roof on the classroom.Zhongdong cave school is made up of six classes,with a total of 200 children.As well as the school, the cave houses 18 families, together with their livestock.(COW MOOING)These could be the only cave-dwelling cows on earth.(PIG SQUEALS)With schoolwork over, it's playtime at last.In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter,they can be a source of revenue for the community.People have been visiting this cave for generations.The cave floor is covered in guano,so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets.It's used as a valuable source of fertilizer.A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river.The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave.The entrance is full of swifts.They're very sociable birds.More than 200,000 of them share this cavein southern Guizhou Province, the biggest swift colony in China.These days, Chinese house swifts mostly nest in the roofs of buildings,but rock crevices like these were their original home,long before houses were invented.Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter,they never stray further than the limits of daylight,as their eyes can't see in the dark.However, deep inside the cavern,other creatures are better equipped for subterranean life.A colony of bats is just waking up,using ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness.Night is the time to go hunting.Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asiawhich specialises in catching fishes,tracking them down from the sound reflection of rippleson the water surface.This extraordinary behaviourwas only discovered in the last couple of years,and has never been filmed before.If catching fish in the dark is impressive,imagine eating a slippery minnow with no hands while hanging upside down.Dawn over the karst hills of Guilin.These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapesto the mildly acid waters of the Li River,whose meandering course over eons of timehas corroded away their bases until only the rocky cores remain.The Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China,a favourite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants. (SPEAKING IN CHINESE)The men, all called Huang, come from the same village.Now in their 70s and 80s, they've been fishermen all their lives.Before they release the birds, they tie a noose loosely around the neckto stop them swallowing any fish they may catch. (SPLASHING)Chanting and dancing,the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge. Underwater, the cormorant's hunting instinct kicks in, turning them into fish-seeking missiles.(CHANTING)Working together, a good cormorant teamcan catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning. (FISHERMEN EXCLAIMING)The birds return to the raft with their fishbecause they've been trained to do so.From the time it first hatched, each of these cormorants has been rearedto a life of obedience to its master.The birds are, in effect, slaves.But they're not stupid.It's said that cormorants can keep a tally of the fish they catch,at least up to seven.So unless they get a reward now and then they simply withdraw their labour.The fishermen, of course, keep the best fish for themselves. The cormorants get the leftover tiddlers.With its collar removed, the bird at last can swallow its prize.Best of all, one it isn't meant to have!(FISHERMAN SHOUTING)These days, competition from modern fishing techniques means the Huangs can't make a livingfrom traditional cormorant fishing alone.And this 1,300-year-old traditionis now practised mostly to entertain tourists.But on Caohai Lake in nearby Guizhou Province,an even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well. Geng Zhong Sheng is on his way to set out his nets for the night.Geng's net is a strange tubular contraption with a closed-off end.More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake. Its mineral-rich waters are highly productive,and there are nets everywhere.The next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch.(SPEAKING CHINESE)At first sight, it looks disappointing.Tiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling bugs. Geng doesn't seem too downhearted.The larger fish are kept alive,the only way they'll stay fresh in the heat.Surprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled out for special treatment.They're the young stage of dragonflies,predators that feed on worms and tadpoles.Nowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs harvested likethis.Back home, Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dry.This being China, nothing edible will be wasted.There's a saying in the far south,"We will eat anything with legs except a table,"and anything with wings except a plane."Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be bagged upand taken to market.It's the dragonfly nymphs that fetch the best price. Fortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast-breeding.So Geng and his fellow fishermenhave so far had little impact on their numbers.But not all wildlife is so resilient.(MONKS CHANTING)This Buddhist temple near Shanghai has an extraordinary story attached to it.In May 2007, a Wild China camera teamfilmed this peculiar Swinhoe's turtle in the temple's fish pond.According to the monks, the turtle had been given to the templeduring the Ming dynasty, over 400 years ago.It was thought to be the oldest animal on earth.Soft-shelled turtles are considered a gourmet delicacy by many Chinese,and when it was filmed,this was one of just three Swinhoe's turtles left alive in China,the rest of its kind having been rounded up and eaten. Sadly, just a few weeks after filming,this ancient creature died.The remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in separate zoosand Swinhoe's turtle is now reckoned extinct in the wild.In fact, most of the 25 types of freshwater turtles in China are now vanishingly rare.The answer to extinction is protection.And there is now a growing network of nature reserves throughout southern China.Of these, the Tianzi Mountain Reserve at Zhangjiajie is perhapsthe most visited by Chinese nature lovers,who come to marvel at the gravity-defying landscapeof soaring sandstone pinnacles.Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks, crystal clear mountain streamsare home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature. This bizarre animal is a type of newt,the Chinese giant salamander.In China it is known as the baby fishbecause when distressed it makes a sound like a crying infant. It grows up to a metre and a half long,making it the world's largest amphibian.Under natural conditions, a giant salamander may live for decades.But like so many Chinese animals, it is considered delicious to eat.Despite being classed as a protected species,giant salamanders are still illegally sold for foodand the baby fish is now rare and endangered in the wild. Fortunately, in a few areas like Zhangjiajie,giant salamanders still survive under strict official protection.The rivers of Zhangjiajie flow north east into the Yangtze floodplain,known as The Land of Fish and Rice.On an island in a lake in Anhui Province,a dragon is stirring.This is the ancestral home of China's largest and rarest reptile,a creature of mystery and legend.Dragon eggs are greatly prized.These babies need to hatch out quick!It would seem someone is on their trail.For a helpless baby reptile,imprisoned in a leathery membrane inside a chalky shell, the process of hatching is a titanic struggle.And time is running out.(CHIRPING)It's taken two hoursfor the little dragon to get its head out of the egg.It needs to gather its strength now,for one final, massive push.Free at last,the baby Chinese alligators instinctively head upwards towards the surface of the nest and the waiting outside world. (CHATTERING)But the visitors are not what they seem.(BOTH SPEAKING CHINESE)She Shizhen and her son live nearby.She has been caring for her local alligators for over 20 years, so she had a fair idea when the eggs were likely to hatch. Back home, she's built a pond surrounded by netting to keep out predators,where her charges will spend the next six monthsuntil they're big enough to fend for themselves.For the past 20 years,small-scale conservation projects like thisare all that have kept China's 150 wild alligators from extinction.Just south of the alligator country,dawn breaks over a very different landscape.The 1,800-metre-high granite peaks of the Huangshan or Yellow Mountain.To the Chinese, Huangshan's pines epitomisethe strength and resilience of nature.Some of these trees are thought to be over 1,000 years old. Below the granite peaks,steep forested valleys shelter surprising inhabitants.Huangshan macaques, rare descendants of the Tibetan macaques of western China,are unique to these mountain valleyswhere they enjoy strict official protection. (SCREECHING)After a morning spent in the treetops,the troop is heading for the shade of the valley.A chance for the grown-ups to escape the heatand maybe pick up a lunch snack from the stream.As in most monkey societies,social contact involves a lot of grooming.Grooming is all very well for grown-ups,but young macaques have energy to burn.(SCREECHING)Like so much monkey business,what starts off as a bit of playful rough-and-tumble,soon begins to get out of hand.The alpha male has seen it all before.He's not in the least bothered.But someone, or something, is watching,with a less than friendly interest.The Chinese moccasin is an ambush predator with a deadly bite.This is one of China's largest and most feared venomous snakes.But the monkeys have lived alongside these dangerous serpents for thousands of years.(MONKEYS SCREECHING)They use this specific alarm call to warn each other whenever a snake is spotted.Once its cover is blown, the viper poses no threat to the monkeys,now safe in the treetops.And life soon returns to normal.By late summer, the rice fields of southern China have turned to gold.The time has come to bring in the harvest.Nowadays, modern high-yield strainsare grown throughout much of the rice lands,boosted by chemical fertilizers and reaped by combine harvesters.This is the great rice bowl of China,producing a quarter of the world's rice.Insects, stirred up by the noisy machines,are snapped up by gangs of red-rumped swallows,including this year's youngsters,who will have fledged several weeks ago.This could be their last good feast before they head south for the winter.Mechanized farming works bestin the flat-bottomed valleys of the lowlands.To the south, in the terraced hills of Zhejiang Province, an older and simpler lifestyle persists.It's 7:00 in the morningand Longxian's most successful businessman is off to work. In the golden terraces surrounding the villagethe ears of rice are plump and ripe for harvesting.But today, rice isn't uppermost in Mr Yang's mind.He has bigger fish to fry.Further up the valley, the harvest has already begun.Yang's fields are ripe, too, but they haven't been drained yet.That's because for him, rice is not the main crop.The baskets he's carried up the hillside give a clue to Yang's business.But before he starts work,he needs to let some water out of the system.As the water level drops, the mystery is revealed.Golden carp.Longxian villagers discovered the benefits of transferring wild caught carp into their paddy fields long ago.The tradition has been going on here for at least 700 years. As the water level in the paddy drops, bamboo gates stop the fish escaping.The beauty of this farming methodis that it delivers two crops from the same field at the same time.Fish and rice.Smart ecology like this is what enables Chinato be largely self-sufficient in food, even today.Back in the village, Yang has his own smokehousewhere he preserves his fish ready for market.Longxian carp have unusually soft scales and a very delicate flavour,perhaps as a result of the local water.Meanwhile, outside the smokehouse,there's something fishy going on.(PEOPLE CHATTERING)To mark the harvest, the village is staging a party.Children from Longxian schoolhave spent weeks preparing for their big moment.Everyone from the community is here to support them.The rice growing cycle is complete.By November, northern China is becoming distinctly chilly. But the south is still relatively warm and welcoming. Across the vast expanse of Poyang Lake, the birds are gathering.Tundra swans are long-distance migrants from northern Siberia.To the Chinese, they symbolise the essence of natural beauty. The Poyang Lake Nature Reserve offers winter refugeto more than a quarter of a million birdsfrom more than 100 species,creating one of southern China's finest wildlife experiences. The last birds to arrive at Poyangare those which have made the longest journey to get here, all the way from the Arctic coast of Siberia.The Siberian crane, known in China as the white crane,is seen as a symbol of good luck.Each year, almost the entire world populationof these critically endangered birdsmake a 9,000-kilometre roundtripto spend the winter at Poyang.Like the white cranes, many of south China's unique animals face pressure from exploitation and competition with people over space and resources.But if China is living proof of anything,it is that wildlife is surprisingly resilient.Given the right help,even the rarest creatures can return from the brink.If we show the will, nature will find the way.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

BBC美丽中国英文字幕word第四集

BBC美丽中国英文字幕word第四集The Great Wall of China was built by the Han Chinese to keep out the nomadic tribes from the north They called these people barbarians and their lands were considered barrenand uninhabitableNorthern China is indeed a harsh placeof terrible wintersferocious summersharsh desertsBut it is far from lifelessWith colorful placessurprising creaturesamazing peopleand strange landscapesThe further we travel, the more extreme it becomes So how do people and wildlife copewith hardships and challenges of life beyond the Wall For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland The northern limits of ancient Chinawere defined by the Great Wallwhich meanders for nearly km from east to west The settled Han people of the Chinese heartland were invaded many times by warlike tribes from the northThe Great Wall was built to protect the Han Chinese from invasion To meet those fearsome northernersand the wild creatures who share their world we must leave the shelter of the Walland travel into the unknownNortheast China was known historically as Manchuria Its upper reaches are on the same latitude as Paris but in winter, it is one of the coldestmost hostile places on the planetBitter winds from Siberiaregularly bring temperatures of ? belowDense forests of evergreen trees cover these lands and a rugged terrain is made even more difficult by impenetrable ravines We start our journey on a frozen riversnaking between China's northeastern most corner and SiberiaThe Chinese call itthe "Black Dragon River"The people who live herearen't exactly fearsome warriorsThey are too busy coping with the harsh winter conditionsand they respond to the challengein some creative waysThe Black Dragon river is home toone of the smallest ethnic groups in China the Hezhe peopleIt's not just bicyclesthat seem out of place in this icy world Fishing boats and nets lie abandoned a long way from open waterUnderneather a meter of solid iceswim a huge variety of fishincluding -pound sturgeonenough to feed a family of Hezhe for weeks But how can they catch their quarries First they must chisel a hole through the ice to reach the water belowThen they need to set their fishing net under the icea real challengeA second hole is mademeters away from the firstand a weighted string is dropped in Then a long bamboo pole is used to hook the string and pull the net into position beneath the ice After a few daysthe nets are checkedThese days,almost nobody catches a rare giant sturgeon The Black Dragon river has been overfished like so many othersBut even these smaller fishare a welcome catchFrozen with in secondsthe fish are guaranteed to stay fresh for the wobbly cycle right homeThe forests that lie south of the Black Dragon riverare bound up in snow for more than half the year It's deathly silent Most of the animals here are either hibernatingor have migrated south for the winterBut there is an exceptionWild boars roam the forests of the northeast Like the Hezhe people the boars find it difficult to gather food in winter Staying close together may help them to keep warm in the extreme coldBut there is another reason for group living more ears to listen out for dangerSiberian tigers also live in these forests But these daysonly in captivityThere may be less than a dozenwild Siberian tigers left in Chinathough there are many more in breeding centers This enclosure of Hengdaohezistarted breeding tigers into supply bones and body partsfor the Chinese medicine marketTrade in tiger parts was banned in China in the s and the breeding centeris now just a tourist attractionThe forests of northeast stretch to where the chinese, Russian and Mongolian bordersmeetHere, a surprising herd of animals is on the move The reindeer were introduced to china hundreds of years ago by the nomadic Ewenki people who came here from SiberiaIt's late Apriland the women are calling int heir reindeer which are semi-wild and have spent all winter away in the forest. This a very special relationshipEach reindeer has its own nameand many were hand-reared by these women finally reunited after months apartThey will now remain together until autumn The Owenke women are anxious to check the condition of their animalsand to see which of the reindeer might be pregnant -year old, Malia Suelis one of only Owenke people still living their nomadic lifein these cold northern lands.Almost all her fellow Owenkehave given up the forest life.to settle in concrete houses in modern cities . The reindeer herders are now almost as rare as wild Siberian tigers There is about to be a new addition to the family. The women act as midwives to the new borncalves helping to nurture them through their first precious minutes of life.But the world around them is changing fast.This could be the last generation this ancient partnership will endure.This is hardly the image of the dangerous tribal people that theGreat Wall was built to keep at bay. Along China's border with North Koreais this region's most famous moutainChangbaishanIts name means ever whiteand it harvest the world's higheat volcanic lake Even in mid Maythere is still ice everywhere but there are signs that the seasons are changing Warmer winds arrive from the southand within a few short weeksChangbai Mountain is transformed.Water begins to flow down the mountainside once more replenishingthe landscape.It's Juneand insects emerge to take advantage of the abundance of flowers.The warm weather sees the arrival of migrant birds Stonechats that have spent the winter in the south of China return here to raise their chicks With so many insects aroundthe stonechats may have several broodsHeading west from Changbai Mountainthe forests give way to rolling grasslandsThe Great Wall stretches off into the distance defining the southern limits of the vast Mongolian steppe North of the Wall are huge areas of grassland but one place on our journey is particularly significant In the tall grassa family of red foxes is raising its cubsToday, they have this meadow pretty much to themselves But it wasn't always the caseEight centuries agothis palce would've been teeming with peopleNow these ruins in a field the short distance from Beijing are all that remains of the great city of Xanadu once the summer capital of ChinaWithin these wallsit is said that the leader of the Mongolians the mighty Kubla Khan welcomed Marco Polo to China Mongolian warriors established the greatest empire in history stretching to the borders of EuropeFeared of this worrior tribe is the main reason the Han Chinesebuilt the Great WallThe cornerstone of the Mongolian supremacywas their relationship with horsesThis is what brought them such success in war The Mongolian riders travelled at nightand rode with spare horsesso they could move huge distances strike and then retreat quicker than their opponentsAt the heart of the Mongolian culture is horse racing The annual Nadam Festival held each Julyis a chance for young Mongolians to show off their horsemanship It's said that Mongolian people are born in the saddle Even as children, they are consummate ridersHorsemanship was the core of the Mongolian success as warriores in the pastand is central to their lives as nomads today In a area of grassland know as Bayanbulakfamilies of nomadic Mongolians are gathering The name, Bayanbulak, means rich headwaters and they come here to set up temporary homes to graze their lifetock on the lush summer pastures The search for fresh fodder for their animals keeps them on the goand being able to move home so easilywith a real-life vantageIt takes only a few minuts for the Monolian family to set up their yurts .But Mongolians don't have this place all to themselves. The rich resources also attracked a huge variety of birds, Demoiselle Cranes wading birds and waterfowlmigrate here from all over Asiadrawn to rivers and wetlandsfed by glacial melt water from nearby mountains This place is known in Chinaas Swan LakeIt's the world's most important breeding site for whooperswans and arguably mosquitos as well.The pastures at Swan Lake provide endless amount of lush grassfor birds to nest inand for lifestock to eatIt would seem that's plenty for everybodybut occasionally they can't get too close for comfortyears agothe Mongolians were the most feared people on Earth but they have a spiritual side as wellThe birds of Swan Lakehave little cause to worryThe Mongolians protect the swans,and venerate them,calling them birds of GodThe Great Wall's journey through northern China continues westward by setting a landscape that becomes increasingly parched Our journey has brought us halfway across northern China and the grasslands are becoming hotdryand desolateWandering these wastes are creatures that look more African than AsianThese are Goitred Gazellesskittishand easily startledWhen threatened by danger,they are as fast as a race horseBut in this intense heatthey favor a gentler paceThere is little standing water herebut the gazelles have remarkable abilityto extract moisture from dry grassalthough finding enough worth eatingkeeps them constantly on the moveEven out here, in the semi-desertsthe wall continues its long marchHere it's made of a little more than compacted earth But with hardly any rain fallingit suffered very little erosion over the centuries Hundreds of thousands of people lost their lives building it Yet it seems hard to believethat anyone felt that these distant wastelands needed protecting But the Wall still has one final surpriseThis is Jiayuguanthe mighty fortress in the desertBuilt in the Ming dynasty over years ago legend says that the construction of the fortress was so meticulousily planned that , bricks were specially madeand only one brick was left unusedThis fortress marks the end of the Great Wall of China the greatest man-made barrier on EarthBut ahead, lies an even more formidable barrier a vast no man's land of deserts that stretch westward to the borders of central Asia Jiayuguan fortress was consideredto be the last outpost of Chinese civilization Beyond this point, lays utter desolation China's largest desert, the Taklamakan lies out here Its name has been translated asyou go in, and you never come outThis is a place of intense heatabrasive wind blown sandTotally hostile to lifeYet, there was a route through the desert for those brave enough to risk their lives for it People were lured into the horrors of the deserts because the Chinese had a secret so powerfulthat it changed the course of historyThe key to that secret lies in the distant past Legend has itat around years agoa princess was walking in her gardena princess was walking in her gardenwhen something unusual fell into her teacup A magical thread was extractedand it became more prized than gold or jade The thread, was silk Incredibly, such a beautiful substance and all the history behind it come from a humble little insectthe silkwormSilk moths lay several hundred eggsand the tiny caterpillars that emergeeat nothing but mulberry leavesAfter days of gluttonythey've grown thousand times heavierBut this stagepercent of their body mass is made up of silk glands In the process of turning into adult mothsthey spin a cocoon from a single strand of silk which can be over a thousand meters longIt was the legendary strength and brightness of silk fibers that made it so sought-afterFor over years,people built great fortunes and mighty kingdoms on these delicate threads.And the desert routes those antient traders took became the fabled Silk RoadThe principle of extracting raw silk hasn't changed since it's discoveredHarvested cocoons are droped into boiling water which unravels the long filamentsThese are then gathered and spun into raw silk thread Here at Hotan, on the ancient Silk Roadsilk weaving is still a cottage industrydumbly old-fashioned way on wooden loomsFor the ancient Silk Road tradersthe problem was still how to get the valuable silk from the fortress at Jiayuguanthrough the deserts to markets of central Asia and beyond Those early travellers heading west on the Silk Road were setting off on the worst voyage imaginable through some of the most terrible places on Earth Starting with the world's tallest sand dunesstrong winds whipping in from the westload the sand into ever higher dunesOver millenniamega-dunes build upwalls of sands soaring to over m tallcamels are the only beasts of burden that tackle these monstrous dunesTheir feet are wide and splay outwards to stop them sinking in loose sandThe wind that whips the sand into duneshas created other bizarre shapes in China's western deserts Mysterious giant structuresknown as yardangswere sculpted by flying sandThe wind brought other hazards to travellers in these deserts Marco Polo wrotesometimes the stray travelers will hear the tramp and hum of a great cavalcade of people away from the real line of marchand taking this to be their own companythey will follow the soundAnd when day breaksthey find that a cheat has been put on them and that they are in an ill plightTo this dayno one knows what causes the sands in some parts of the desert to sinkNo wonder travellers call this placefury of Godand sea of deathBut the most severe problem was lack of water The reason this place is so intensely drycan best be appreciated from a satellite view China's deserts arethe farthest place on Earth from any ocean This lack of water is what created the Taklamakan an area the size of Germany covered in sand dunes through which the Silk Road traversedThis is the world's largest shifting sand desert Most living would die herebut the camel is uniquely equipped for desert survival Its nose humidifies the dry desert air as it breathe in then dehumidifies it in the way outconserving precious waterThe camel's thick fur keeps it warm at night while reflectingsunlight by dayAnd its body temperature can rise by degree Celsius before it even begins to sweatWith these adaptationsthey can go for days without drinkingFor the camel trainstravel through the desertis about moving between one life-saving oasis and the next When they finally do reach a drinking hole camels can drink up to liters of water in ten minutes Without oasislife in the Taklamakancouldn't existand travel would be impossibleBut nothing is permanent in the desertThe shifting sands on the extreme climate mean that these precious water sources can disappear This is exactly what happened in the Aydingkol Lake The lake bed is the second lowest place on Earth at meters below sea levelIt's the hottest place in Chinawith air temperatures recorded as high as degree Celsius and ground temperatures up to degreesYet not far from Aydingkol is a surprisea thriving human settlement in the desertThis is Turpan OasisAnd it's famous in China for an unexpected product grapesBut how on Earth can a water-hungry crop grow in such abundance in a desert？The secret lies below groundA subterranean network of canals known as karez is used to channel water around Turpan streetsand into raving yardsBut where does the water come from?The clue lies on the desert floorin these lines of holes which mark the course of the subterranean water waysOver millennia agolocal people carved more than km ofthese canals beneath the desertdiverting water from the distant mountainsChanneling the flow undergroundmeans that less water is lost to evaporation in the desert heat In Augustthe grapes are harvestedThis rich bounty has not go unnoticedIn the lush vineyards of Turpan one animal misses thriving Red-tailed gerbils are hardy desert creaturesBut those in Turpan have never had it so goodOnce the grapes have been pickedsome are sold in the marketbut most are hung up to dry in the special drying houses This place is far too tempting for any rodent to resist Red-tailed gerbils are excellent climbersBut why botherwhen there is plenty of bounty lying around on the ground unguarded Rather than suffering the extreme environment in which they live The wild life and people of Turbanhave found innovative ways to cope with conditions beyond the Wall But not all desert communities world as resourceful as Turpan Between here and China's western borderslie the ruins of many great citiesIn their day they were vibrant thriving palcesBut in the fifth centurythe Silk Road fortunes took a turn for the worse Once again, a princess was involvedShe smuggled silkworm eggs out of chinaThe secret of silk was a secret no moreAnd China's stranglehold on this lucrative trade was over Even when Marco Polo passed along the Silk Road in the th century many of these cities had been deadfor over yearsBut the Silk Road's most famous city managed to survive Where the desert ends beneath vast mountain ranges China's westernmost point is only a stone's throw from the borders of five centralAsian countriesThis is Kashgar where east meets westThe silk that travelled along the Silk Road ended up here where it is still tradedtodayKashgar is famous for selling everything under the sun The local Sunday marketis one of Asia's largest and most exuberant gatherings But looking around the marketit's hard to believe you are actually in China Kashgar is a melting pot of non-Chinese ethnic people Uyghurs, Tajiks, Kirghiz, Uzbeks and many others Here, our journey heads northwardsinto one of China's wildest placesLeaving Kashgar and the Silk Road behindwe travel into the Tianshanor heavenly mountains.This great mountain range defines the border between China's most northwestern provinceand neighboring Tajikistan and KyrgyzstanIts majestic peaks are nearly as high as the Himalayas Forming a natural great wallFor much of the year it's bound up in iceBut the glacial melt water allows evergreen forests to grow a far cry from the desert south of hereThese mountains are the gatewayto some of China's most surprising people and places In the upland valleysa family of Kazakhs has been grazing their livestock all summer on the lush alpine meadowsIt's autumnin a few weeks' time, winter snows will seal the mountain passes So the Kazakhs have decidedto break camp and move while they still canTurning their backs on the mountain pasturesthey have many long weeks of travel ahead of them along well worn trailsThe destination could hardly be more differentfrom the heavenly mountain's lush pasturesThese paths head into one of China's wildest and least known places This is the Zhunge'er Basinan added landthat lies at the westernmost edge of the great Gobi desert the most northerly desert in the worldthe Zhunge'er is a place of surprisesThis bizarre landscape is called theand though very little lives here nowthe ancestors of Tyrannosaurus rexonce roamed these hillsTheir fossils only discovered inBut the Zhunge'er is not entirely lifelessIn the darkness a little Roborovski's Hamster emerges to search for foodThey're the world's smallest hamstersthe size of a ping-pong balland they live in family groups around tenUnlike the Kazakhs hamsters cut migrate to avoid the severity of winterThey have to prepare for difficult times by storing up provisions to spend the season undergroundAnyone who has kept a pet hamsterknows what an energetic little creature it can be In a single nighta hamster may cover the equivalent of four human marathons but foraging far and wide creates a problemhow to carry the harvest back to its nestHere the hamster's famous flexiblecheek pouches come into playThey can be stuffed full of seeds for carrying back to the burrow Underground the family has special food chambers to store the bounty The supply will have to last themtrough the lean and cold times aheadWinter is on its wayWithin a few short weeksthe five colored hills are blanketed in snowdriven by icy winds from SiberiaDespite being at the same latitude as VeniceAsia's northern deserts have no nearby sea to warm them and sosuffer bitterly cold wintersWhen it melts next springthe snow will provide moisture for grasses and other plants to grow Like almost everywhere beyond the wallthe harsh conditions force people and wildlife to keep moving tofind enough to surviveThe Kazakhs have arrived from the Tianshan Mountains to graze their animals on the meagar pickings in the Zhunge'er But the Kazakhs don'thave this place all to themselves. Their winter migration routes take them passed the fence enclosure in the desert.The horses on this side of the fencearent domestic animals like those belonging to the Mongolians and KazakhsThese are the last wild horses on EarthMillions of them once screeched all the way to Europe but now they barely number in the hundredsFor part of the winterthe wild horses are quarantinedto stop their mating with the Kazakh's horsesThat way, the gene pool of the rare wild animals can be kept pure There is a big problem, howeverThe live stock and the wild horses compete for the same food Many Kazakhs families and their flockswill pass through here over the winterBy the time the wild horses can be released from the pen Much of the best forage will be goneWhen there are so little to go aroundit doesn't take much for the situation to turn critical Even in the least inhabited parts of Chinawildlife and people come into conflict in the struggle to survive Yet in this barren landscapea remarkable association between people and wildlife persists A tradition harking back almost yearsEighty-two year old Reya carries on a tradition that has made the Kazakhs famous throughout China Every winter for most of his life Reya has gone hunting with a golden eagleThis eagle is around years oldit was taken from the wild as a chickand raised by Reyawho trained it to return to him after each flight He will keep this bird for a total of ten seasons before setting it freeFoxes were once the favorite quarry for the eagle hunters These days they almost never catch anythingAs in many parts of Chinawildlife is far scarcer here than it used to be When Reya finally releases this eagleit will be the end of its hunting daysMany of the younger generation of China's nomads are moving to modern cities on leaving their traditions behindTheir lives no longer ruled by the changing of the seasons Back in the northeast in mid winterthe Great Wall still dominates the landscape Originally built to keep out dangerous warriors today it's a little more than a curiosity The Han Chinese whose ancestors built the Wall now live in great cities like Harbinfar to the north.Each year the artists of Harbinget ready for a special winter celebration Giant blocks of ice from nearby riversundergo a magical transfermationTourists flock to Harbin from all over China to see the spectacular carvingsand the ice city that has sprung up all around It takes people days to construct this icy wonderlandIt's impressive enough by daybut the magic of this place only becomes apparent once the sun goes downNorthern China can be a harsh placebut also a place of great beautyThe Harbin Ice Festival showshow attitudes have changed since the Great Wall was built No longer are the extremes of life beyond the Wall merely to be feared Now it is possible to celebrate them,too。

《美丽中国》第二集part1

3. How have monkeys, normally associated with lowland jungle, come to live such a remote mountain existence? 结构分析：两个逗号中间是插入语，对monkey作补充说明；be associated with…和…联系在一起；与…有关；live…such a… existence 过着怎样的生活； existence的动词形式是exist 。参考译文：提起猴子人们通常联想到的是低地雨林，缘何他们选择在偏远的山地繁衍生息呢？
6. But to the east, the rocks have buckled into a series of steep north-south ridges, cutting down through the heart of Yunnan, the parallel mountains of the Hengduan Shan. 结构分析：buckle [‘bʌkl] vi. 扣住；变弯曲 vt. 扣住；使弯曲 n. 皮带扣，带扣; cutting down…为结果状语； parallel [’pærəlel] n. 平行线；对比 vt. 使…与…平行 adj. 平行的；类似的，相同的参考译文：对东部来说，岩石被皱褶进了南北走向的绵延陡峭的山脊, 同时也切进了云南的心脏地带，形成了平行的横断山脉。
New words & Expressions
6. gorges [ɡɔ:dʒ] n. 峡谷；胃；暴食；咽喉； vt. 使吃饱；吞下；使扩张 vi. 拚命吃；狼吞虎咽 eg: It is assumed that the damming of the Three Gorges next year will not do harm to the scenery. 预定于明年进行的长江三峡截流，不会对三峡经管造成大的影响。 7. pilgrimage ['pilɡrimidʒ] n. 漫游；朝圣之行 vi. 朝拜；漫游 eg: But in these unforgiving deserts, a pilgrimage could take years to complete. 然而，要穿越无情的沙漠，朝觐之旅耗费数年.

[BBC.美丽中国1].BBC.Wild.China

NARRATOR: The last hidden world,China.For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures.Chinese civilisation is the world's oldestand today, its largest,with well over a billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groupsand a wide range of traditional lifestyles,often in close partnership with nature.We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems. But there is great beauty here, too.China is home to the world's highest mountains,vast deserts ranging from searing hotto mind-numbing cold.Steaming forests harbouring rare creatures.Grassy plains beneath vast horizons.And rich tropical seas.Now for the first time ever,we can explore the whole of this great country,meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live hereand consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of Chinato the remarkable landscape in which they live.This is Wild China.Our exploration of China begins in the warm, subtropical south. On the Li River, fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts,a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years.This scenery is known throughout the world,a recurring motif in Chinese paintings.And a major tourist attraction.The south of China is a vast area,eight times larger than the UK.It's a landscape of hills but also of water.(THUNDER RUMBLING)It rains here for up to 250 days a year,and standing water is everywhere.(THUNDER RUMBLING)In the floodplain of the Yangtze River,black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms.But isn't just wildlife that thrives in this environment.The swampy ground provides ideal conditionsfor a remarkable member of the grass family.Rice.The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8,000 years.It has transformed the landscape.Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmersas they prepare the age-old paddy fields ready for the coming spring. These hill slopes of the Yuanyang County plunge nearly 2,000 metres to the floor of the Red River valley.Each contains literally thousands of stacked terracescarved out by hand using basic digging tools.Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China. Still ploughed, as they always have been,by domesticated water buffaloes,whose ancestors originated in these very valleys.This man-made landscapeis one of the most amazing engineering featsof pre-industrial China.It seems as if every square inch of landhas been pressed into cultivation.As evening approaches, an age-old ritual unfolds.It's the mating seasonand male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of the females. But it doesn't always pay to draw too much attention to yourself.The Chinese pond heron is a pitiless predator.(SQUAWKS)Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field,nature is red in beak and claw.This may look like a slaughterbut as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time,the vast majority will escape to croak another day. Terraced paddies like those of the Yuanyang Countyare found across much of southern China.This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation. In hilly Guizhou Province,the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture. With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation, the Miao build their wooden houseson the steepest and least productive hillsides.In Chinese rural life, everything has a use.Dried in the sun, manure from the cow shedswill be used as cooking fuel.(WOMEN CHATTERING IN CHINESE)It's midday, and the Song familyare tucking into a lunch of rice and vegetables. (SPEAKING IN CHINESE)Oblivious to the domestic chit-chat,Granddad Gu Yong Xiu has serious matters on his mind.Spring is the start of the rice growing season.The success of the crop will determine how well the family will eat next year,so planting at the right time is critical.The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year,never easy to predict.But there is some surprising help at hand.On the ceiling of the Songs' living room, a pair of red-rumped swallows,newly arrived from their winter migration,is busy fixing up last year's nest.In China, animals are valued as much for their symbolic meaningas for any good they may do.Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life,so their presence is a favour and a blessing,bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home.Like most Miao dwellings, the Songs' living room windowslook out over the paddy fields.From early spring, one of these windows is always left opento let the swallows come and go freely.Each year, granddad Gu notes the exact day the swallows return.Miao people believe the birds' arrival predicts the timing of the seasonahead.This year, they were late.So Gu and the other community elders have agreedthat rice planting should be delayed accordingly.As the Miao prepare their fields for planting,the swallows collect mud to repair their nestsand chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies.Finally, after weeks of preparation,the ordained time for planting has arrived.But first the seedlings must be uprooted from the nursery bedsand bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddyhigher up the hillside.All the Songs' neighbours have turned out to help with the transplanting.It's how the community has always worked.When the time comes, the Songs will return the favour.While the farmers are busy in the fields,the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest.Many hands make light work.Planting the new paddy takes little more than an hour.Job done, the villagers can relax,at least until tomorrow.But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a family has only just begun.In the newly planted fields, little egrets hunt for food.The rice paddies harbour tadpoles, fish and insectsand the egrets have chicks to feed.This colony in Chongqing Province was established in 1996, when a few dozen birds built nests in the bamboo grove behind Yang Guang village.Believing they were a sign of luck,local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grew. But their attitude changed when the head of the village fell ill. They blamed the birds and were all set to destroy their nests, when the local government stepped in to protect them. Bendy bamboo may not be the safest nesting place,but at least this youngster won't end up as someone's dinner. These chicks have just had an eel delivered by their mum, quite a challenge for little beaks.(CHIRPING)Providing their colonies are protected,wading birds like egrets are among the few wild creatures which benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation. Growing rice needs lots of water.But even in the rainy south,there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce.This vast area of southwest China,the size of France and Spain combined,is famous for its clusters of conical hills,like giant upturned egg cartons, separated by dry empty valleys. This is the karst, a limestone terrainwhich has become the defining image of southern China.Karst landscapes are often studded with rocky outcrops, forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields.The people who live here are among the poorest in China.In neighbouring Yunnan Province,limestone rocks have taken over entirely.This is the famous Stone Forest,the product of countless years of erosion,producing a maze of deep gullies and sharp-edged pinnacles. Limestone has the strange property that it dissolves in rainwater. Over many thousands of years water has corroded its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itself.This natural wonder is a famous tourist spot,receiving close to two million visitors each year.The Chinese are fond of curiously-shaped rocksand many have been given fanciful names.No prizes for guessing what this one is called!But there's more to this landscape than meets the eye.China has literally thousands of mysterious cavernsconcealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst.Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyesand is only just now being explored.(MAN SPEAKING CHINESE)For a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorers,caves represent the ultimate adventure.Exploring a cave is like taking a journey through time.Ajourney which endless raindrops will have followed over countless centuries.Fed by countless drips and trickles,the subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock.The cave river's course is channelled by the beds of limestone.A weakness in the rock can allow the riverto increase its gradient and flow-rate,providing a real challenge for the cave explorers.The downward rush is halted when the water table is reached.Here the slow-flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile. (MEN CHATTERING)This tranquil world is home to specialised cave fishes,like the eyeless golden barb.China may have more unique kinds of cave-evolved fishesthan anywhere else on earth.Above the water table,ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill upwith stalactites and stalagmites.Stalactites form as trickling water deposits tiny quantities of rockover hundreds or thousands of years.Stalagmites grow up where lime-laden drips hit the cave floor.Oi!Whoo-hoo!So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospectedand cavers are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels, many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves.Finally escaping the darkness,the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valleyfar from where their journey began.For now, the adventure is over.Rivers which issue from cavesare the key to survival in the karst country.This vertical gorge in Guizhou Provinceis a focal point for the region's wildlife.This is one of the world's rarest primates,Fran鏾is' langur.In China they survive in just two southern provinces,Guizhou and Guangxi, always in rugged limestone terrains.Like most monkeys, they are social creaturesand spend a great deal of time grooming each other.Langurs are essentially vegetarianwith a diet of buds, fruits and tender young leaves.Babies are born with ginger fur,which gradually turns black from the tail end.Young infants have a vice-like grip, used to cling on to mum for dear life.As they get older, they get bolder and take more risks.Those that survive spend a lot of time travelling.The experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal foodsin different parts of their range.In such steep terrain, travel involves a high level of climbing skill. These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbersfrom the time they learn to walk.In langur society, females rule the roostand take the lead when the family is on the move.One section of cliff oozes a trickle of mineral-rich waterwhich the monkeys seem to find irresistible.These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reservewhich might pose a risk to a baby monkey.But in past centuries, this area of south Chinawas home to leopards, pythons and even tigers.To survive dangerous night prowlers, the langurs went underground, using their rock-climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible caverns. Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera,the troop clambers along familiar ledgesworn smooth by generations before them.During cold winter weather, the monkeys venture deeper underground where the air stays comparatively warm.At last, journey's end.A cosy niche beyond the reach of even the most enterprising predator. But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves.These children are off to school.In rural China that may mean a long trek each morning,passing through a cave or two on the way.But not all pupils have to walk to school.These children are boarders.(LAUGHING)As the day pupils near journey's end,the boarders are still making breakfast.In the schoolyard, someone seems to have switched the lights off. But this is no ordinary playground, and no ordinary school.It's housed inside a cave!A natural vault of rock keeps out the rainso there's no need for a roof on the classroom.Zhongdong cave school is made up of six classes,with a total of 200 children.As well as the school, the cave houses 18 families,together with their livestock.(COW MOOING)These could be the only cave-dwelling cows on earth.(PIG SQUEALS)With schoolwork over, it's playtime at last.In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter,they can be a source of revenue for the community.People have been visiting this cave for generations.The cave floor is covered in guano,so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets.It's used as a valuable source of fertilizer.A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river.The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave.The entrance is full of swifts.They're very sociable birds.More than 200,000 of them share this cavein southern Guizhou Province, the biggest swift colony in China. These days, Chinese house swifts mostly nest in the roofs of buildings, but rock crevices like these were their original home,long before houses were invented.Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter,they never stray further than the limits of daylight,as their eyes can't see in the dark.However, deep inside the cavern,other creatures are better equipped for subterranean life.A colony of bats is just waking up,using ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness.Night is the time to go hunting.Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asiawhich specialises in catching fishes,tracking them down from the sound reflection of rippleson the water surface.This extraordinary behaviourwas only discovered in the last couple of years,and has never been filmed before.If catching fish in the dark is impressive,imagine eating a slippery minnow with no hands while hanging upside down.Dawn over the karst hills of Guilin.These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapesto the mildly acid waters of the Li River,whose meandering course over eons of timehas corroded away their bases until only the rocky cores remain.The Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China,a favourite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants. (SPEAKING IN CHINESE)The men, all called Huang, come from the same village.Now in their 70s and 80s, they've been fishermen all their lives. Before they release the birds, they tie a noose loosely around the neck to stop them swallowing any fish they may catch. (SPLASHING)Chanting and dancing,the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge.Underwater, the cormorant's hunting instinct kicks in,turning them into fish-seeking missiles.(CHANTING)Working together, a good cormorant teamcan catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning. (FISHERMEN EXCLAIMING)The birds return to the raft with their fishbecause they've been trained to do so.From the time it first hatched, each of these cormorants has been reared to a life of obedience to its master.The birds are, in effect, slaves.But they're not stupid.It's said that cormorants can keep a tally of the fish they catch,at least up to seven.So unless they get a reward now and then they simply withdraw their labour.The fishermen, of course, keep the best fish for themselves.The cormorants get the leftover tiddlers.With its collar removed, the bird at last can swallow its prize.Best of all, one it isn't meant to have!(FISHERMAN SHOUTING)These days, competition from modern fishing techniquesmeans the Huangs can't make a livingfrom traditional cormorant fishing alone.And this 1,300-year-old traditionis now practised mostly to entertain tourists.But on Caohai Lake in nearby Guizhou Province,an even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well.Geng Zhong Sheng is on his way to set out his nets for the night. Geng's net is a strange tubular contraption with a closed-off end.More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake.Its mineral-rich waters are highly productive,and there are nets everywhere.The next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch. (SPEAKING CHINESE)At first sight, it looks disappointing.Tiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling bugs.Geng doesn't seem too downhearted.The larger fish are kept alive,the only way they'll stay fresh in the heat.Surprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled out for special treatment. They're the young stage of dragonflies,predators that feed on worms and tadpoles.Nowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs harvested like this.Back home, Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dry.This being China, nothing edible will be wasted.There's a saying in the far south,"We will eat anything with legs except a table,"and anything with wings except a plane."Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be bagged upand taken to market.It's the dragonfly nymphs that fetch the best price.Fortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast-breeding.So Geng and his fellow fishermenhave so far had little impact on their numbers.But not all wildlife is so resilient.(MONKS CHANTING)This Buddhist temple near Shanghai has an extraordinary story attached to it.In May 2007, a Wild China camera teamfilmed this peculiar Swinhoe's turtle in the temple's fish pond. According to the monks, the turtle had been given to the temple during the Ming dynasty, over 400 years ago.It was thought to be the oldest animal on earth.Soft-shelled turtles are considered a gourmet delicacy by many Chinese,and when it was filmed,this was one of just three Swinhoe's turtles left alive in China,the rest of its kind having been rounded up and eaten.Sadly, just a few weeks after filming,this ancient creature died.The remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in separate zoosand Swinhoe's turtle is now reckoned extinct in the wild.In fact, most of the 25 types of freshwater turtles in Chinaare now vanishingly rare.The answer to extinction is protection.And there is now a growing network of nature reservesthroughout southern China.Of these, the Tianzi Mountain Reserve at Zhangjiajie is perhapsthe most visited by Chinese nature lovers,who come to marvel at the gravity-defying landscapeof soaring sandstone pinnacles.Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks, crystal clear mountain streams are home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature.This bizarre animal is a type of newt,the Chinese giant salamander.In China it is known as the baby fishbecause when distressed it makes a sound like a crying infant.It grows up to a metre and a half long,making it the world's largest amphibian.Under natural conditions, a giant salamander may live for decades. But like so many Chinese animals, it is considered delicious to eat. Despite being classed as a protected species,giant salamanders are still illegally sold for foodand the baby fish is now rare and endangered in the wild. Fortunately, in a few areas like Zhangjiajie,giant salamanders still survive under strict official protection.The rivers of Zhangjiajie flow north east into the Yangtze floodplain, known as The Land of Fish and Rice.On an island in a lake in Anhui Province,a dragon is stirring.This is the ancestral home of China's largest and rarest reptile,a creature of mystery and legend.Dragon eggs are greatly prized.These babies need to hatch out quick!It would seem someone is on their trail.For a helpless baby reptile,imprisoned in a leathery membrane inside a chalky shell,the process of hatching is a titanic struggle.And time is running out.(CHIRPING)It's taken two hoursfor the little dragon to get its head out of the egg.It needs to gather its strength now,for one final, massive push.Free at last,the baby Chinese alligators instinctively head upwardstowards the surface of the nest and the waiting outside world. (CHATTERING)But the visitors are not what they seem.(BOTH SPEAKING CHINESE)She Shizhen and her son live nearby.She has been caring for her local alligators for over 20 years,so she had a fair idea when the eggs were likely to hatch.Back home, she's built a pond surrounded by netting to keep out predators,where her charges will spend the next six monthsuntil they're big enough to fend for themselves.For the past 20 years,small-scale conservation projects like thisare all that have kept China's 150 wild alligators from extinction.Just south of the alligator country,dawn breaks over a very different landscape.The 1,800-metre-high granite peaks of the Huangshan or Yellow Mountain.To the Chinese, Huangshan's pines epitomisethe strength and resilience of nature.Some of these trees are thought to be over 1,000 years old.Below the granite peaks,steep forested valleys shelter surprising inhabitants.Huangshan macaques, rare descendants of the Tibetan macaques of western China,are unique to these mountain valleyswhere they enjoy strict official protection.(SCREECHING)After a morning spent in the treetops,the troop is heading for the shade of the valley.A chance for the grown-ups to escape the heatand maybe pick up a lunch snack from the stream.As in most monkey societies,social contact involves a lot of grooming.Grooming is all very well for grown-ups,but young macaques have energy to burn.(SCREECHING)Like so much monkey business,what starts off as a bit of playful rough-and-tumble,soon begins to get out of hand.The alpha male has seen it all before.He's not in the least bothered.But someone, or something, is watching,with a less than friendly interest.The Chinese moccasin is an ambush predator with a deadly bite. This is one of China's largest and most feared venomous snakes.But the monkeys have lived alongside these dangerous serpentsfor thousands of years.(MONKEYS SCREECHING)They use this specific alarm call to warn each otherwhenever a snake is spotted.Once its cover is blown, the viper poses no threat to the monkeys, now safe in the treetops.And life soon returns to normal.By late summer, the rice fields of southern China have turned to gold. The time has come to bring in the harvest.Nowadays, modern high-yield strainsare grown throughout much of the rice lands,boosted by chemical fertilizers and reaped by combine harvesters. This is the great rice bowl of China,producing a quarter of the world's rice.Insects, stirred up by the noisy machines,are snapped up by gangs of red-rumped swallows,including this year's youngsters,who will have fledged several weeks ago.This could be their last good feast before they head south for the winter. Mechanized farming works bestin the flat-bottomed valleys of the lowlands.To the south, in the terraced hills of Zhejiang Province,an older and simpler lifestyle persists.It's 7:00 in the morningand Longxian's most successful businessman is off to work.In the golden terraces surrounding the villagethe ears of rice are plump and ripe for harvesting.But today, rice isn't uppermost in Mr Yang's mind.He has bigger fish to fry.Further up the valley, the harvest has already begun.Yang's fields are ripe, too, but they haven't been drained yet.That's because for him, rice is not the main crop.The baskets he's carried up the hillside give a clue to Yang's business.But before he starts work,he needs to let some water out of the system.As the water level drops, the mystery is revealed.Golden carp.Longxian villagers discovered the benefits of transferringwild caught carp into their paddy fields long ago.The tradition has been going on here for at least 700 years.As the water level in the paddy drops, bamboo gates stop the fish escaping.The beauty of this farming methodis that it delivers two crops from the same field at the same time.Fish and rice.Smart ecology like this is what enables Chinato be largely self-sufficient in food, even today.Back in the village, Yang has his own smokehousewhere he preserves his fish ready for market.Longxian carp have unusually soft scales and a very delicate flavour, perhaps as a result of the local water.Meanwhile, outside the smokehouse,there's something fishy going on.(PEOPLE CHATTERING)To mark the harvest, the village is staging a party.Children from Longxian schoolhave spent weeks preparing for their big moment.Everyone from the community is here to support them.The rice growing cycle is complete.By November, northern China is becoming distinctly chilly.But the south is still relatively warm and welcoming.Across the vast expanse of Poyang Lake, the birds are gathering. Tundra swans are long-distance migrants from northern Siberia. To the Chinese, they symbolise the essence of natural beauty. The Poyang Lake Nature Reserve offers winter refugeto more than a quarter of a million birdsfrom more than 100 species,creating one of southern China's finest wildlife experiences. The last birds to arrive at Poyangare those which have made the longest journey to get here,all the way from the Arctic coast of Siberia.The Siberian crane, known in China as the white crane,is seen as a symbol of good luck.Each year, almost the entire world populationof these critically endangered birdsmake a 9,000-kilometre roundtripto spend the winter at Poyang.Like the white cranes, many of south China's unique animals face pressure from exploitation and competition with people over space and resources.But if China is living proof of anything,it is that wildlife is surprisingly resilient.Given the right help,even the rarest creatures can return from the brink.If we show the will, nature will find the way.。

Wild China1-12美丽中国中英文字幕

Beneath billowing clouds, 在翻騰的雲霧之下 3 in China's far southwestern Yunnan province, 處在中國西南邊境的雲南省 4 lies a place of mystery and legend. 是個充滿神秘與傳奇的地方 5 Of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world. 這裏有浩瀚的河川及世上年代最悠久的森林 6 Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures, 隱密的溪谷培育出不可思議及罕見珍奇的生物7 and colorful tribal cultures. 和多采多姿的民族文化8 Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics. 離熱帶地區這麼遠的北邊森林是很罕見的景觀9 So, why do they thrive here? 那麼此區為何會有茂盛的森林？10 And how has this rugged landscape come to harbor the greatest natural wealth in all China? 這麼惡劣的地理環境是如何庇護全中國最重要的自然資源？14 In the remote southwest corner of China, 在中國西南方的偏僻角落一個慶典即將舉行15 a celebration is about to take place. 16 Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year. 傣人為他們一年中最重要的節慶取水17 The Dai call themselves the people of the water. 傣族人自稱為水鄉之人18 Yunnan's river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years. 兩千多年來他們一直以雲南的河谷為家19 By bringing the river water to the temple, 他們將河水帶到佛寺20 they honor the two things holiest to them -以河水浴佛來體現他們認為最神聖的兩件事21 Buddhism and their home. 佛教與家庭23 The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture. 傣族以此敬謝河川與良地豐富了他們的文化與生活25 Though to some it might seem just an excuse for the biggest water fight of all time. 也許對某些人來說這個潑水儀式只是藉口讓他們打場最過癮的水戰27 Dai lives are changing as towns get bigger and modernize 由於城鎮的擴大及都市化傣族的生活形態正逐漸改變28 but the Water Splashing Festivals still celebrated by all. 但大家仍會慶祝潑水節29 The rivers which lie at the heart of Dai life and culture 河川深深影響傣族的生活和文化30 flow from the distant mountains of Tibet, 河流源自遙遠的西藏高山31 southward through central Yunnan in great parallel gorges. 往南流經雲南中部穿越重重的巨大峽谷32 The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos, 如今傣族居住在鄰近越南與泰國的熱帶地區33 but their legends tell of how their ancestors came here 但他們的傳奇故事敍述了祖先如何沿著河流34 by following the rivers from mountain land sin the cold far north. 從遙遠寒冷的北方高地來到這裏35 Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas, 橫斷山脈位於喜瑪拉雅山最東邊36 the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan's northern border with Tibet. 是雲南北方與西藏的邊界37 Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage. 橫斷山脈的頂峰卡瓦格博雪山是朝聖的聖地38 Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered. 然而它令人畏懼的山頂至今無人能征服39 Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible. 雲南群山偏僻、崎嶇，人類很難接近40 Here the air is thin and temperatures can drop below minus 40 degrees. 這裏的空氣稀薄溫度能降到零下40度42 This is home to an animal that's found nowhere else on Earth. 但地球上有某種動物卻只生活在這裏43 The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.雲南金絲猴44 It's found only in these few isolated mountain forests. 它們只在這些孤立的山林出沒45 No other primate lives at such high altitudes. 沒有其他的靈長類動物能居住在這麼高的海拔46 but these are true specialists.它們是真正的專家47 These ancient mountain dwellers have inspired legends.這些古老的山居動物造就許多傳奇故事48 Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors, 俚索族視它們為自己的祖先50 calling them "the wild men of the mountains".稱它們為山中野人51 During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.遇上大雪時期就連這些森林專家也無法覓食52 It seems a strange place for a monkey.這對猴子來說似乎是個奇怪的居住地53 Between snows, the monkeys waste no time in their search for food.雪一停歇，這些猴子立刻把握時間去尋找食物54 At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat. 在這高度很少有果子及嫩葉可吃56 90% of their diet is made up of the fine dry wisps of a curious organism. 它們九成的食物來自一種很像束狀乾草的奇怪有機物體58 Half fungus, half plant -it's lichen. 半菌半植物的地衣59 How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle, 按理該住在低地森林的猴子60 come to live such are mote mountain existence? 怎麼會跑來住在偏遠的山區？61 This is not the only remarkable animal found within these isolated high peaks. 在這些孤絕的高峰之中還有更多奇特的動物62 A Chinese red panda. 一隻中國紅色熊貓63 Solitary and quiet, it spends much of its time in the tree tops. 生性安靜獨居大部份的時間都在樹上64 Despite its name, 不管其名65 the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda. 紅色熊貓只是大熊貓的遠親66 It's actually more closely related to a skunk. 它跟臭鼬反而有較近的血緣關係67 But it does share the giant panda's taste for bamboo. 但它確實跟大熊貓一樣喜歡吃竹葉68 Southwest China's red pandas are known for their very strong facial markings 中國西南方的紅色熊貓以明顯的臉部斑紋聞名69 which distinguish them from red pandas found anywhere else in the Himalayas. 這和其他生活在喜馬拉雅山的紅色熊貓大不相同70 Like the monkeys, they were isolated in these high forests 就像金絲猴一樣它們也被孤立在這些高海拔森林71 when the mountains quite literally rose beneath them 這是因為近代地質史上的造山運動72 in the greatest mountain-building event in recent geological history. 將它們腳下的山地整個托起拔高73 Over the last 30 million years, 在過去三千萬年74 the Indian subcontinent has been pushing northwards into Eurasia. 印度板塊一直向北推擠歐亞大陸板塊75 On the border between India and Tibet 位於西藏與印度邊界的岩石76 the rocks have been raised eight kilometers above sea level, 已經被推升到高達海平面8公里77 creating the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas. 造就出世上最高的喜馬拉雅山脈78 But to the east, 但往東方看去79 the rocks have buckled into a series of steep north-south ridges, 連綿的山岩形成南北向的懸崖峭壁80 cutting down through the heart of Yunnan, 直接深入雲南中心81 the parallel mountains of the Hengduan Shan. 平行的橫斷山脈82 These natural barriers serve to isolate Yunnan's plants and animals 這些天然屏障阻絕了雲南境內的動植物互通有無83 in each adjacent valley. 每個山谷幾乎都自成一區84 While the huge temperature range between the snowy peaks 這裏的溫差很大，上面是積雪的山峰85 and the warmer slopes below 下方是溫暖的緩坡86 provides a vast array of conditions for life to thrive. 氣候的多元性讓各種生命得以欣欣向榮87 Through spring, 整個春季88 the Hengduan slopes stage one of China's greatest natural spectacles. 橫斷山脈的山坡呈現中國最壯觀的自然風光89 The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world. 這裏的森林蘊藏全世界最豐富的植物品種90 Over 18,000 plant species grow here, 1萬8千多種植物有3千種是其他地區沒有的91 of which 3,000 are found nowhere else. 92 Until little more than a century ago,this place was unknown outside China.還不到一百年前這裏是不為外界所知的93 But then news reached the West但後來消息傳到西方94 of a mysterious, hidden world of the orient.原來東方還有這麼一個神秘、不為人知的世界95 Hidden among the mountains,a lost Shangri-la paradise.隱藏在群山中的世外桃源96 Western high society, in the grip of a gardening craze,西方上流社會的園藝熱潮97 was eager for exotic species from faraway places.讓他們渴望遙遠國度的奇花異草98 This gave rise to a new breed of celebrity adventurers,引領新一代的名人探險風99 intrepid botanist-explorers known as "the Plant Hunters".大膽的植物學家勘探者亦稱為植物獵人100 Yunnan became their Holy Grail.雲南成了他們的聖杯101 Indiana Jones The most famous was Joseph Rock,a real life Indiana Jones.最出名的是喬瑟夫拉克現實生活中的印第安那鐘斯102 Remarkable film footage captured his entourage on a series of expeditions, 卓越的記錄片記錄他和同伴一系列的遠征104 as they pushed into the deepest corners of Yunnan. 進入雲南最深的角落105 In glorious color he recorded the plant life he found 他用特別照相玻璃板106 on special photographic glass plates. 記錄五彩繽紛的植物107 Sending thousands of specimens back to the West, 把數千種樣本送回西方108 the Plant Hunters changed the gardens of the world forever. 植物獵人一舉改變了世界的花園109 Rock's success was born of a massive effort. 拉克的成功來自他的努力以赴110 For, to find his Shangri-la, 為了找到香格里拉111 not only had he to travers eendless mountain ranges, 他不只橫越數不清的山脈112 but some of the deepest gorges in the world. 還跨越一些世上最深的峽谷113 The Nujiang is called The Angry River. 怒江被稱之為忿怒的河流114 This 300-kilometre stretch of raging rapids 這條300公里的湍急河流115 is as much a barrier to life as are the mountains above. 如上述的山脈一樣成為許多生物的屏障116 WAVES CRASH 117 But the plant hunters weren't the first people to travel here. 但是植物獵人不是最早到此地的人118 Along the Nujiang,沿著怒江119 less than 30 rope crossings allow locals passage across the torrents.會發現不到30條的繩子吊索讓當地人渡過洪流120 Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes.小小村莊緊帖著山坡地121 This morning, it's market day,今早是市集日122 drawing people from up and down the valley.山坡上下的居民紛紛出門123 PIG OINKS 124 GOAT BLEATS 125 Hanging from simple rope slings,吊在吊索上126 people have been using the crossings for many hundreds of years. 這已是人們幾百年渡江的老辦法127 In such narrow, precipitous gorges在這麼狹窄的險峻峭壁128 it's by far the easiest way to get around.這是最容易的交通方式129 Once across, the steep sides mean it's still a hike.一旦渡過陡峭的山坡意味著還有一段徒步130 Many trek for hours by foot before they get to the market. 許多人要徒步幾個小時才到市場131 The immense valley is home to over a dozen ethnic groups. 這無邊無際的山谷聚集超過12個少數民族132 Some, like the Nu people,are found only here.像怒族就只生活在此區133 The markets bring the mountain tribes together.市集讓山上的族群聚在一起134 To continue his expeditions, 為了繼續探險135 Rock had to get his entire entourage across the giant Yunnan rivers. 拉克必須讓全隊通過浩瀚的雲南大河136 He commissioned especially thick ropes made from forest rattan 他以樹藤做的粗繩為輔137 and filmed the entire event. 並拍攝整個過程138 With yak butter to smooth the ride,40 men and 15 mules made the journey. 利用犛牛油使過程平順40個人及15只騾上路了139 Not all made it across. 並不是每個人都過140 On the far side of the great Nujiang gorge, 在怒江峽谷遙遠的另一邊141 the Plant Hunters made a remarkable discovery. 植物獵人有個很棒的發現142 Far from thetropics, 雖然遠離熱帶143 they seemed to be entering a steamy,vibrant tropical jungle, 他們似乎進入了充滿蒸氣與生氣的熱帶雨林144 the forest of Gaoligongshan. 高黎貢山的森林145 The flora here is unlike anywhere else in the world. 這裏的植物不像世界其他地方146 Next to subtropical species,alpine plants grow in giant form. 緊臨亞熱帶植物的是生長茂盛的高山區植物147 Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons,up to 30 meters high. 萬綠森中點點紅那是高達30公尺的杜鵑花148 In April and May, their flowers turn the forests ruby red, 杜鵑花在4、5月染紅翠綠的森林149 attracting bird species found only here. 150 吸引只在此地生長的鳥類151 Constant moisture in the air means that the branches are laden with flowering epiphytes, 空氣中充滿了濕氣152 樹枝開滿美麗的花朵153 fiercely guarded by tiny sun birds,unique to these valleys. 山谷有種獨特的小太陽鳥極力保護這些花森154 Nectar feeders, these are the hummingbirds of the Old World tropics. 它們採集花蜜155 這些蜂鳥穿梭在東方世界的熱帶地區156 The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of China's rarest wildlife. 高黎貢山的森林有許多中國最罕見的珍禽異獸157 This is a female Temminck's Tragopan. 這是母的紅腹角雉158 She has a colorful male admirer. 它的愛慕者鮮豔奪目159 He's hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo display 希望以獨特的偷窺方式贏得佳人芳心160 but she's not about to be rushed. 但母雉不急著表態161 His colorful skin wattle reflects more light than feathers do. 公雉鮮豔的肉垂比羽毛還亮眼162 To her, this is like a neon sign. 對母雉來說就像個霓虹燈163 Seeing his chance,the male makes his move. 公雉看到機會馬上行動164 Constant moisture in the Gaoligongshan forests 高黎貢山森林的濕氣165 means that throughout the year there are always fruits on the trees. 讓樹木終年結實累累166 Such abundance of food encourages a high diversity of fruit eaters 167 豐沛的食物遠勝於一般熱帶林地168 more commonly found in the tropics. 所以也聚集各式各樣的食果動物169 The black giant squirrel is found only in undisturbed rain forest. 巨松鼠只生活在這片原始的雨林170 At close to a metre in length, it' sone of the world's largest squirrels. 它長達1尺171 是世上最大的松鼠172 The mystery is that these forests are growing well outside the tropics. 奇怪的是這些森林竟在熱帶地區以外茂盛生長173 By rights, none of this jungle,or its animals, should be here. 按理說這些森林和動物不應該在此174 These are bear macaques. 這是熊猴175 They're found only in tropical and sub-tropical jungle. 只居住在熱帶及亞熱帶森林176 With a tiny home range of just a few square kilometers, 生活範圍只有幾平方公里177 they depend on the abundant fruit 它們需要進食大量果子178 that only true rain forests can provide all year round. 只有真正的雨林才能終年提供如此數量179 To the European plant hunters, 對於歐洲的植物獵人來說這些北方的雨林180 these northern rain forests must have seemed a fantastic and mysterious lost world. 181 簡直就像奇幻神秘的遺忘世界182 Yet, when they came here, they would have found beautifully constructed ancient stone pathways 但當他們到此183 卻發現精心鋪設的古老石路184 on which the forest could be explored. 已經伸入森林之中185 Winding westwards into the hills, 蜿蜒通往西邊山坡186 these were once some of the most important highways in Asia, 這曾經是亞洲最重要的公路187 the southwestern tea and silk road. 西南方的茶與絲路188 Built thousands of years ago, 這條西南茶絲之路建於幾千年前189 the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the world beyond China's borders, 190 連接中國和境外的世界191 carrying tradesmen and travelers fromas far away as Rome. 帶來遠自羅馬的商人及旅客192 Wars were fought over access to this tiny path, 過去為了爭奪這條小路引發不少戰爭193 the only sure route in or out of China, 畢竟這是唯一得以進出中國194 that was guaranteed to be clear of snow all year round. 又保證終年無雪的通道195 So, what causes Gaoligongshan's strange and remarkable climate? 是什麼造成高黎貢山奇怪又獨特的氣候？196 In late May, gusts of wind arrive, 5月下旬的強勁季風197 bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshan's mystery. 足以解開高黎貢山的神秘面紗198 The winds are hot and saturated with water. 風很熱而且充滿了水份199 They come all the way from the Indian Ocean. 一路從印度洋吹來200 Channeled by Yunnan's unique geography, 因雲南獨特的縱谷地形201 they bring with them the moisture of the tropical monsoon. 帶來熱帶梅雨季節的濕氣202 The giant river valleys,created millions of years ago, 幾百萬年前形成的高山縱穀203 act like immense funnels. 就像是巨大的漏斗204 The gorges are so deep and narrow, 這些溪穀又深又窄205 that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan. 促使濕暖空氣直接進入雲南北部206 The result is rain, in torrents! 結果是大雨如注！207 Four months of daily rainstorms sustain luxuriant vegetation. 連續4個月的暴雨讓植物茂盛生長208 The arrival of the monsoon 梅雨季節的來臨喚醒209 awakens one of the forest's most extraordinary moisture-loving inhabitants. 森林中最愛濕氣的動物210 The crocodile newt is one of the most unusual of the many amphibian species found here. 鱷魚蠑是一種兩棲動物211 也是其他地方找不到的奇特生物212 As the rains arrive,they emerge to mate. 當梅雨降臨，蠑螈開始交配213 The newts are said to leave an odour trail that potential mates can follow. 據說它們會留下氣味蹤跡214 讓未來的伴侶得以尋跡而至215 The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back. 鱷魚蠑因背部的突起而得名216 These are its defense. 那是它的防禦系統217 If grabbed by a potential predator, 如果被潛伏的食肉動物抓住218 the tips of its ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps. 肋骨的尖端就會從凸塊釋放致命毒液219 The deluge wakes another forest inhabitant. 洪水喚醒另一個森林居住者220 This one is particularly astounding in its vigor! 它有特別驚人的活力！221 It can grow up to a meter day, 一天能長1公尺222 fast overtaking the other plants around it. 很快就追上周遭的植物223 The taller it grows,the faster its growth rate, 它長得越高，生長速度就越快224 so that in a matter of days it towers above the undergrowth, 所以一天之內就比矮樹森高225 and continues reaching for the sky. 繼續朝天空發展226 Not bad for what is essentially a grass. 對禾本科植物來說這樣的速度還不賴227 It's bamboo. 這就是竹子！228 Given the chance, 如果有機會竹子會發展成很大的林子229 bamboo will create immense forests,dominating entire areas. 230 佔領整個區域231 Bamboo forests occur across southwest China, 竹林主要生長在中國西南方232 all the way to Shanghai. 一直到上海233 But probably the highest diversity of bamboos in the world 但世界上竹子種類最多的地方234 is found on the hills and valleys of Yunnan. 還是在雲南的山谷235 Though incredibly strong,bamboos have hollow stems, 雖然竹子很堅韌，但中心是空的236 a perfect shelter for any creatures which can find a way in. 對任何能找到方法進入的生物是最佳的庇護所237 This entrance hole was made by a beetle 入口是被甲蟲弄的238 but it's being used by a very different animal. 但卻被完全不同的動物所使用239 A bamboo bat. 竹蝙蝠！240 The size of a bumblebee, it's one of the tiniest mammals inthe world. 如蜜蜂的大小241 是世上最小的哺乳動物242 The entire colony, up to 25 bats, 整群可住到25只243 fits into a single section of bamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup. 通通擠入一段竹節裏244 比茶杯小245 It's quite a squeeze! 還蠻會擠的！246 Half the colony are babies. 一半都是幼獸247 Though barely a week old, they are already almost as big as their mums. 雖然只有一個星期大248 它們已經跟媽媽一樣大249 Feeding such a fast-growing brood is hard work. 養一窩生長如此迅速的孩子實在很辛苦250 The mums leave to hunt just after dusk each night. 蝙蝠媽媽每天傍晚後出去獵食251 Back in the roost,the young are left on their own. 寶寶被留在竹節的窩巢裏252 Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls -翅膀上的肉趾幫助它們緊緊抓住竹壁253 most of the time. 但偶爾還是會失足254 The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a life on the wing 幼蝙蝠利用多餘的空間255 用喙理毛及伸展它們的翅膀為飛行做準備256 by preening and stretching. 257 Packed in like sardines, they would make an easy target for a snake. 它們擠得像沙丁魚258 很容易成為蛇類覬覦的目標259 But the snake has no chance of getting in. 但是蛇沒機會進入260 The entrance is thinner than the width of a pencil. 入口的大小比鉛筆還細261 When the mothers return, 當母蝙蝠回巢後262 they can push through the narrow entrance only because of their unusually flattened skulls. 它們能擠過那窄小的門263 因為它們有特殊的扁骨架264 But it's still a squeeze. 但還是需要擠一下265 Bamboos are exploited in a very different way by another forest dweller. 另外一群森林居民266 以不同方式善用竹林267 Fresh bamboo shoots are an important forest crop. 新鮮竹筍是森林重要產物268 Ai Lao Xiang is of the Hani tribe, 謝阿泰來自梅山的哈尼族269 from the mountain village of Mengsong. 270 Roasted, the tender shoots he gathers will make a tasty dish. 採集的竹筍在烤過會很好吃271 The Hani have many uses for the different bamboos they grow and find in the forest around. 哈尼族懂得物盡其用272 對野生和自種的竹有不同的處置273 Though flexible enough to be woven, 雖然竹子柔軟到可以編織274 bamboo has a higher tensile strength than steel. 但它比鐵有更強的韌性275 Succulent when young, 幼筍鮮美多汁成熟的竹子牢固耐用276 in maturity it's tough and durable,ideal for making a table 277 做成桌子最理想了278 and strong enough for a pipe to last a lifetime. 279 做出煙管一輩子也不會壞280 The people of southwest China 中國西南方的人們發明許多非凡的方法281 have found an extraordinary number of ways to exploit this most versatile of plants. 282 來利用這多用途的植物283 THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE LANGUAGE 284 Part of bamboo's phenomenal success 竹子這麼厲害有部份原因是285 is that it's so tough that few animals can tackle it. 很少動物能突破它的堅韌286 Yet, bamboo does come under attack. 但是竹子還是會被攻擊287 A bamboo rat. 竹鼠288 Feeding almost exclusively on bamboo, 專門吃竹子289 they live their entire lives in tunnels beneath the forest. 它們一生都住在森林底下的隧道290 The thinner species of bamboo are easy to attack and pull below. 越細小的竹科越容易被攻擊然後被拉到地下291 She has a fantastic sense of smell 它的嗅覺非常靈敏292 and can sniff out the fresh growth through the soil. 能在土裏嗅出新生竹293 Bamboo spreads along underground stems. 竹子是由地底紮根而生294 By following these, new shoots are found. 隨根部就能找到新生筍295 Once a shoot is detected, 一旦筍子被發現296 she snips it free and drag sit down into her burrow. 它馬上咬斷拖到洞穴裏297 This female has a family. 這只母鼠有家累298 At just a few weeks old, 只有幾個禮拜大299 the youngsters can already tacklethe hardest bamboo stems 這些幼鼠已經能應付最硬的竹莖300 and are eager to try. 還很樂意去試301 Bamboo's tough reputation is such, 竹子以過人的韌性聞名另一位專家因為能啃食竹子302 that another bamboo specialist was known by the Chinese as,"The Iron Eating Animal". 303 被中國人稱為食鐵動物304 The giant panda is famous for its exclusive diet. 大熊貓是以專吃竹子而出名的305 Giant pandas are thought to have originated in southwest China, millions of years ago, 據說幾百萬年前306 起源于中國西南方307 but they are no longer found in Yunnan. 但如今在雲南已經找不到了308 Recently, their specialized diet has had dire consequences. 最近它們偏愛的食物呈現緊迫的狀態309 Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle, 竹子的生命週期很特別310 flowering infrequently, sometime sonly once every hundred years or so. 不常開花311 有時一百年才一次312 But when flowering does occur,it's on a massive scale, 但一旦開花，就會大規模盛開313 and it's followed by the death of all of the plants. 最後整株死亡314 Sometimes an entire bamboo forest may die. 有時整片竹林都死了315 In undisturbed habitat, pandas simply move to another area 在不受干擾的生態區熊貓只要遷移到另一區就好了316 where a different bamboo species grows. 那裏還有不同的竹子317 But as human activity has fragmented their forest home, 但人類的活動已截斷它們的棲息地318 pandas find it increasingly hard to find large enough areas in which to survive. 熊貓越來越難找到足夠的活動範圍生存319 Wild pandas are now found only in the forests of Central China, 現在只有中國的中部還能找到野生熊貓320 far to the east. 離東部已經很遠了321 But in the hidden pockets of lowland jungle in Yunnan's tropical south, 但在低地森林隱密的地區322 在雲南的熱帶南區323 live one of China' s best-kept wildlife secrets. 還秘密藏著一種野生動物324 DEEP BELLOW 325 The wild Asian elephant. 野生亞洲大象326 Elephants once roamed across China as far north as Beijing. 大象曾經遍及中國最北甚至遠及北京327 But it's only in the hidden valleys of Yunnan that they have survived. 但現在只生活在雲南隱密的山谷中328 Elephants are the architects of the forest. 大象是森林的建築師329 Bamboos and grasses are their favorite food 竹子跟草是它們最愛吃的食物330 but saplings, tree leaves and twisted lianas are all taken, with little care. 但幼樹、樹葉及藤蔓植物331 也會被它們一併拔起332 As they move through the forest, 當它們穿越森林333 the elephants open up clearings,bringing light to the forest floor. 等於辟清一些空地讓陽光照入森林的地面334 This has a major impact on their home. 這對此區生態有很大的影響335 The richest forests are now known tobe those which from time to time experience change. 最豐饒的森林是那些336 不時在變化的森林337 The Ji nuo people are incredibly knowledgeable about their forests 基諾族對他們的森林幾乎無所不知338 and claim to have uses for most of the plants that they find there. 聲稱他們認識大多數植物也都知道各自用法339 They have names for them all, 他們替每種植物起名字340 those good for eating and some which even have strong medicinal qualities. 這些很好吃341 有些有很強的藥效342 By working here, the Jinou play a similar role to the elephants, 在這裏工作343 基諾族與大象有異曲同工之效344opening up the forest,bringing space, light and diversity. 清除森林，帶來空間、光與多元化345 Green, fast growing species are encouraged. 所以此區的綠色植物能快速成長346 Insects are in high abundance here, 昆蟲在這裏也很多347 together with the animals that feed on them. 以昆蟲為食的動物自然也多348 Knowledge of the forest enables the Jinou to find not just plants, 身為森林通的基諾族不但能找到植物349 but other tasty forest food too. 還有其他美味的食物350 Forest crabs are common here,feeding on the abundant leaf litter. 森林蟹在這很常見它們以枯枝落葉為食物351 This will be a tasty addition to the evening meal. 這會是晚餐美味的佳餚352 Flowing through Yunnan's southern valleys, 流過雲南南方山谷353 the once angry rivers are now swollen, 曾經湍急的怒江如今進入寬廣的區域354 their waters slow and warm. 水流變得緩慢溫和355 These fertile lowland valleys are the home of the Dai. 這些低地水域是傣族的家356 The "People of the Water" 他們沿著溪流而居357 live along streams which originate in the surrounding hills. 這些溪流源自周遭的山地358 Each family keeps a kitchen garden 每戶人家都有菜圃359 modeled on the multi-layered structure of the surrounding forests, 是依周遭森林地形而建的多層次建築360 which the Dai hold sacred. 傣族相當崇敬這片森林361 The gardens are made more productive by inter-planting different crops. 菜圃因交叉耕作而產量增加362 Tall, sun-loving species give shelter to plants which thrive in the shade. 喜日曬的高品種給予喜陰暗的植物遮蔽所363 As companions,the plants grow better. 混合種植讓蔬果長得更好364 Yunnan's forests are home to more than a dozen wild banana species 雲南的森林有超過12種野生香蕉品種365 and banana crops grow well in most Dai gardens. 而傣族的菜圃也種了許多366 The huge banana flowers are rich in nectar for only two hours a day, 碩大的香蕉花蘊藏豐富的花蜜367 但一天只開兩個小時368 but it's enough to attract a range of forest insects, including hornets. 但已足夠吸引許多森林昆蟲前來369 包括大黃蜂370 With their razor sharp mandibles, 它們的下顎如剃刀般鋒利371 they find it easy to rob the flowers of their nectar. 能輕易掠取花中的蜜汁372 But hornets are predators too. 但大黃蜂也是肉食性昆蟲373 They hunt other insects and carry them back to their nest. 它們捕捉其他昆蟲，將之帶回巢穴374 An ideal target, 理想的目標375 but this grasshopper is no easy meal. 但這蚱蜢並非簡單的大餐376 There may be a price to pay. 那是有代價的377 The Dai men, Po and Xue Ming, take advantage of a hunter's instincts. 378 傣族人波和祟明，他們就如黃雀在後379 A hornet sting is agony. 大黃蜂的蜇針是很痛的380 But for now it's distracted,intent on cutting away 但現在它忙著別的事381 a piece of grass hopper small enough to carry back home. 急切的想要切割蚱蜢的一部份382 小得讓它帶回巢去383 Success! 成功了！384 The white feather hardly slows the hornet, 大黃蜂不因白色羽毛而慢下來385 and, more importantly, 最重要的是遠遠就能看見它386 it can be seen. 387 Now the hunter is the hunted. 現在是螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在後388 So long as Po and Xue Ming can keep up! 但波和祟明必須跟得上389 Back at the nest,the other hornets 否則等它回蜂窩390 immediately begin to cut the feather free. 其他的大黃蜂馬上割開那羽毛391 But it's too late. The nest's location has been betrayed. 但太遲了蜂窩的所在地已經被發現！392 The relationship between the forest animals and the people who live here 森林動物與此地居民的關係393 永遠不會是和諧的394 was never one of harmony. 395 Yet the fact that the Dai and other ethnic groups considered。

6-2-美丽中国之-英文字幕相结合-SRT格式(请用word打开)

00:00:05,398 --> 00:00:08,518Beneath billowing clouds,200:00:08,558 --> 00:00:11,238in China's far southwestern Yunnan province,300:00:11,278 --> 00:00:13,478lies a place of mystery and legend.400:00:17,958 --> 00:00:23,358Of mighty rivers and some ofthe oldest jungles in the world.500:00:24,838 --> 00:00:29,278Here, hidden valleys nurture strangeand unique creatures,600:00:32,478 --> 00:00:35,038and colourful tribal cultures.700:00:41,198 --> 00:00:44,718Jungles are rarely found thisfar north of the tropics.800:00:49,598 --> 00:00:51,558So, why do they thrive here?900:00:53,798 --> 00:01:00,438And how has this rugged landscape come to harbour the greatest natural wealth in all China?1000:01:41,198 --> 00:01:44,638In the remote southwest corner of China,00:01:44,678 --> 00:01:46,838a celebration is about to take place.1200:01:55,838 --> 00:01:59,918Dai people collect water forthe most important festival of their year.1300:02:09,518 --> 00:02:12,038The Dai call themselves the people of the water.1400:02:14,678 --> 00:02:19,278Yunnan's river valleys have been their homefor over 2,000 years.1500:02:28,318 --> 00:02:31,198By bringing the river water to the temple,1600:02:31,238 --> 00:02:34,238they honour the two things holiest to them -1700:02:34,278 --> 00:02:37,998Buddhism and their home.1800:02:55,398 --> 00:03:00,158The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture.1900:03:09,438 --> 00:03:14,838Though to some it might seem just an excusefor the biggest water fight of all time.2000:03:28,878 --> 00:03:32,478Dai lives are changingas towns get bigger and modernize2100:03:32,518 --> 00:03:37,518but the Water Splashing Festivalis still celebrated by all.2200:03:53,478 --> 00:03:56,878The rivers which lie at the heart ofDai life and culture2300:03:56,918 --> 00:03:59,438flow from the distant mountains of Tibet,2400:03:59,478 --> 00:04:03,318southward through central Yunnanin great parallel gorges.2500:04:04,878 --> 00:04:09,598The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos,2600:04:09,638 --> 00:04:13,198but their legends tell ofhow their ancestors came here2700:04:13,238 --> 00:04:17,518by following the rivers from mountain landsin the cold far north.2800:04:20,678 --> 00:04:23,398Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas,2900:04:23,438 --> 00:04:28,718the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan'snorthern border with Tibet.00:04:31,238 --> 00:04:35,998Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage.3100:04:37,278 --> 00:04:40,638Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered.3200:04:47,758 --> 00:04:51,598Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible.3300:05:01,638 --> 00:05:06,558Here the air is thin and temperaturescan drop below minus 40 degrees.3400:05:09,078 --> 00:05:13,718This is home to an animal that's found nowhere else on Earth.3500:05:16,158 --> 00:05:19,118The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.3600:05:30,518 --> 00:05:34,158It's found only in these fewisolated mountain forests.3700:05:34,198 --> 00:05:38,318No other primate lives at such high altitudes.3800:05:38,358 --> 00:05:40,958but these are true specialists.3900:05:53,638 --> 00:05:57,158These ancient mountain dwellershave inspired legends.4000:05:57,198 --> 00:06:00,998Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors,4100:06:01,038 --> 00:06:04,478calling them "the wild men of the mountains".4200:06:10,558 --> 00:06:14,678During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.4300:06:16,518 --> 00:06:19,078It seems a strange place for a monkey.4400:06:26,078 --> 00:06:30,438Between snows, the monkeys wasteno time in their search for food.4500:06:34,558 --> 00:06:39,718At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat.4600:06:41,278 --> 00:06:46,87890% of their diet is made up ofthe fine dry wisps of a curious organism.4700:06:54,918 --> 00:06:59,038Half fungus, half plant -it's lichen.4800:07:01,678 --> 00:07:06,958How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle,00:07:06,998 --> 00:07:09,478come to live such aremote mountain existence?5000:07:15,918 --> 00:07:21,038This is not the only remarkable animal found within theseisolated high peaks.5100:07:29,598 --> 00:07:32,158A Chinese red panda.5200:07:32,198 --> 00:07:36,318 Solitary and quiet, it spends much of its time in the tree tops.5300:07:49,958 --> 00:07:51,038 Despite its name,5400:07:51,078 --> 00:07:55,038the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda.5500:07:55,078 --> 00:07:58,958It's actually more closelyrelated to a skunk.5600:08:09,078 --> 00:08:12,918But it does share the giantpanda's taste for bamboo.5700:08:16,118 --> 00:08:21,118 Southwest China's red pandas are known for their very strongfacial markings5800:08:21,158 --> 00:08:26,198which distinguishthem from red pandas foundanywhere else in the Himalayas.5900:08:33,358 --> 00:08:36,718Like the monkeys, they wereisolated in these high forests6000:08:36,758 --> 00:08:39,798when the mountains quiteliterally rose beneath them6100:08:39,838 --> 00:08:44,118in the greatest mountain-building event in recent geological history.6200:08:47,598 --> 00:08:50,038Over the last 30 million years,6300:08:50,078 --> 00:08:55,678the Indian subcontinent has been pushing northwards into Eurasia.6400:08:55,718 --> 00:08:58,078On the border between India and Tibet6500:08:58,118 --> 00:09:02,118the rocks have been raisedeight kilometres above sea level,6600:09:02,158 --> 00:09:06,598 creating the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas.6700:09:08,158 --> 00:09:09,278But to the east,6800:09:09,318 --> 00:09:14,718the rocks have buckled into a series of steep north-south ridges,6900:09:14,758 --> 00:09:17,238cutting down through theheart of Yunnan,7000:09:17,278 --> 00:09:20,118the parallel mountains ofthe Hengduan Shan.7100:09:31,398 --> 00:09:36,358These natural barriers serve to isolate Yunnan's plants and animals7200:09:36,398 --> 00:09:38,238in each adjacent valley.7300:09:42,678 --> 00:09:46,438While the huge temperaturerange between the snowy peaks7400:09:46,478 --> 00:09:48,238and the warmer slopes below7500:09:48,278 --> 00:09:51,918 provides a vast array ofconditions for life to thrive.7600:09:56,758 --> 00:09:57,918 Through spring,7700:09:57,958 --> 00:10:02,998the Hengduan slopes stage one of China's greatest natural spectacles.7800:10:05,078 --> 00:10:10,518The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world.7900:10:36,758 --> 00:10:40,398Over 18,000 plant species grow here,8000:10:40,438 --> 00:10:44,918of which 3,000 are foundnowhere else.8100:10:50,078 --> 00:10:55,438Until little more than a century ago, this place was unknown outside China.8200:10:57,478 --> 00:10:59,758But then news reached the West8300:10:59,798 --> 00:11:03,398of a mysterious, hiddenworld of the orient.8400:11:03,438 --> 00:11:08,558Hidden among the mountains,a lost Shangri-la paradise.8500:11:10,838 --> 00:11:14,758 Western high society, in the gripof a gardening craze,8600:11:14,798 --> 00:11:19,358was eager for exotic speciesfrom faraway places.8700:11:20,598 --> 00:11:23,678This gave rise to a newbreed of celebrity adventurers,8800:11:26,038 --> 00:11:30,398intrepid botanist-explorersknown as "the Plant Hunters".8900:11:33,598 --> 00:11:36,518Yunnan became their Holy Grail.9000:11:38,078 --> 00:11:42,798Indiana JonesThe most famous was Joseph Rock,a real life Indiana Jones.9100:11:45,798 --> 00:11:51,198 Remarkable film footage captured his entourage on a series of expeditions,9200:11:51,238 --> 00:11:55,358as they pushed into thedeepest corners of Yunnan.9300:11:57,558 --> 00:12:01,078In glorious colour he recordedthe plant life he found9400:12:01,118 --> 00:12:03,718on special photographic glass plates.9500:12:06,238 --> 00:12:09,678 Sending thousands ofspecimens back to the West,9600:12:09,718 --> 00:12:13,118the Plant Hunters changed the gardens of the world forever.9700:12:17,278 --> 00:12:20,798Rock's success was bornof a massive effort.9800:12:20,838 --> 00:12:22,438For, to find his Shangri-la,9900:12:22,478 --> 00:12:27,198not only had he to traverseendless mountain ranges,10000:12:27,238 --> 00:12:29,878but some of the deepestgorges in the world.10100:12:35,238 --> 00:12:39,318The Nujiang is calledThe Angry River.10200:12:39,358 --> 00:12:42,758This 300-kilometre stretchof raging rapids10300:12:42,798 --> 00:12:46,798is as much a barrier to lifeas are the mountains above.10400:12:46,838 --> 00:12:49,718 WAVES CRASH10500:12:54,838 --> 00:12:58,638But the plant hunters weren't the first people to travel here.10600:13:36,478 --> 00:13:37,798Along the Nujiang,10700:13:37,838 --> 00:13:42,798less than 30 rope crossings allow locals passage across the torrents.10800:13:45,678 --> 00:13:47,758Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes.10900:13:49,558 --> 00:13:52,118This morning, it's market day,11000:13:52,158 --> 00:13:54,798 drawing people from upand down the valley.11100:14:02,398 --> 00:14:04,638PIG OINKS11200:14:07,958 --> 00:14:09,958 GOAT BLEATS11300:14:13,798 --> 00:14:15,678 Hanging from simple rope slings,11400:14:15,718 --> 00:14:19,438people have been using the crossings for many hundreds of years.11500:14:24,198 --> 00:14:26,358In such narrow, precipitous gorges11600:14:26,398 --> 00:14:28,998it's by far the easiestway to get around.11700:14:38,518 --> 00:14:42,478Once across, the steepsides mean it's still a hike.11800:14:42,518 --> 00:14:47,118Many trek for hours byfoot before they get to the market.11900:14:50,918 --> 00:14:55,398The immense valley ishome to over a dozen ethnic groups.12000:14:55,438 --> 00:14:59,118 Some, like the Nu people,are found only here.12100:15:03,678 --> 00:15:07,118The markets bring themountain tribes together.12200:15:25,478 --> 00:15:27,038To continue his expeditions,12300:15:27,078 --> 00:15:32,278Rock had to get his entire entourage across the giant Yunnan rivers.12400:15:32,318 --> 00:15:36,598He commissioned especially thick ropes made from forest rattan12500:15:36,638 --> 00:15:38,558and filmed the entire event.12600:15:40,798 --> 00:15:46,398With yak butter to smooth the ride, 40 men and 15 mules made the journey.12700:15:48,118 --> 00:15:49,598Not all made it across.12800:15:53,598 --> 00:15:57,558On the far side of thegreat Nujiang gorge,12900:15:57,598 --> 00:16:00,718the Plant Huntersmade a remarkable discovery.13000:16:03,758 --> 00:16:05,278Far from the tropics,13100:16:05,318 --> 00:16:09,838they seemed to be entering a steamy, vibrant tropical jungle,13200:16:09,878 --> 00:16:13,358the forest of Gaoligongshan.13300:16:20,878 --> 00:16:25,118The flora here is unlikeanywhere else in the world.13400:16:25,158 --> 00:16:30,078Next to subtropical species,alpine plants grow in giant form.13500:16:30,118 --> 00:16:35,118 Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons, up to 30 metres high.13600:16:43,158 --> 00:16:46,918In April and May, their flowersturn the forests ruby red,13700:16:46,958 --> 00:16:51,198 attracting bird speciesfound only here.13800:17:02,838 --> 00:17:08,718 Constant moisture in the airmeans that the branches are laden with flowering epiphytes,13900:17:08,758 --> 00:17:12,878fiercely guarded by tiny sunbirds, unique to these valleys.14000:17:15,798 --> 00:17:20,798Nectar feeders, these are the humming birds of the Old World tropics.14100:17:33,918 --> 00:17:38,518The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of China's rarest wildlife.14200:17:51,918 --> 00:17:54,318This is a female Temminck's Tragopan.14300:17:54,358 --> 00:17:56,438She has a colourful male admirer.14400:18:27,198 --> 00:18:31,158He's hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo display14500:18:31,198 --> 00:18:33,398but she's not about to be rushed.14600:18:51,158 --> 00:18:54,798His colourful skin wattlereflects more light than feathers do.14700:18:54,838 --> 00:18:57,318To her, this is like a neon sign.14800:19:05,358 --> 00:19:08,318Seeing his chance,the male makes his move.14900:19:13,358 --> 00:19:16,078 Constant moisture inthe Gaoligongshan forests15000:19:16,118 --> 00:19:20,278means that throughout the yearthere are always fruits on the trees.15100:19:20,318 --> 00:19:25,118Such abundance of food encouragesa high diversity of fruit eaters15200:19:25,158 --> 00:19:27,758more commonly found in the tropics.15300:19:31,278 --> 00:19:35,438The black giant squirrel is found only in undisturbed rainforest.15400:19:35,478 --> 00:19:40,198At close to a metre in length, it's one of the world's largest squirrels.15500:19:47,438 --> 00:19:51,358The mystery is that these forestsare growing well outside the tropics.15600:19:55,038 --> 00:20:00,718By rights, none of this jungle,or its animals, should be here.15700:20:12,198 --> 00:20:14,318These are bear macaques.15800:20:16,238 --> 00:20:19,758They're found only intropical and sub-tropical jungle.15900:20:31,278 --> 00:20:34,798With a tiny home range ofjust a few square kilometres,16000:20:34,838 --> 00:20:37,038they depend on the abundant fruit16100:20:37,078 --> 00:20:40,398that only true rainforestscan provide all year round.16200:20:48,998 --> 00:20:50,998To the European plant hunters,16300:20:51,038 --> 00:20:57,278these northern rainforests must have seemed a fantastic andmysterious lost world.16400:21:00,518 --> 00:21:07,318Yet, when they came here, they would have found beautifully constructed ancient stone pathways16500:21:07,358 --> 00:21:10,118on which the forestcould be explored.16600:21:20,038 --> 00:21:22,358 Winding westwards into the hills,16700:21:22,398 --> 00:21:26,558these were once some of the most important highways in Asia,16800:21:26,598 --> 00:21:30,478the southwestern tea and silk road. 169Built thousands of years ago,17000:21:36,838 --> 00:21:43,118the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the worldbeyond China's borders,17100:21:43,158 --> 00:21:47,638 carrying tradesmen and travellers from as far away as Rome.17200:21:57,158 --> 00:22:00,638 Wars were fought over accessto this tiny path,17300:22:00,678 --> 00:22:03,318the only sure route inor out of China,17400:22:03,358 --> 00:22:07,278that was guaranteed tobe clear of snow all year round.17500:22:12,678 --> 00:22:17,438So, what causes Gaoligongshan's strange and remarkable climate?17600:22:19,958 --> 00:22:22,078In late May, gusts of wind arrive,17700:22:22,118 --> 00:22:25,838 bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshan's mystery.178The winds are hotand saturated with water.17900:22:32,118 --> 00:22:35,038 They come all the wayfrom the Indian Ocean.18000:22:37,238 --> 00:22:40,118 Channelled by Yunnan'sunique geography,18100:22:40,158 --> 00:22:44,038they bring with them themoisture of the tropical monsoon.18200:22:48,238 --> 00:22:52,958The giant river valleys,created millions of years ago,18300:22:52,998 --> 00:22:55,278act like immense funnels.18400:22:55,318 --> 00:22:57,158The gorges are so deep and narrow,18500:22:57,198 --> 00:23:01,798that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan.18600:23:03,358 --> 00:23:07,398The result is rain, in torrents!18700:23:50,398 --> 00:23:54,958Four months of daily rainstormssustain luxuriant vegetation.18800:23:59,078 --> 00:24:00,598The arrival of the monsoon18900:24:00,638 --> 00:24:05,398 awakens one of the forest'smost extraordinarymoisture-loving inhabitants.19000:24:18,078 --> 00:24:24,598The crocodile newt is one ofthe most unusual of the many amphibian species found here.19100:24:32,918 --> 00:24:36,158As the rains arrive,they emerge to mate.19200:24:51,078 --> 00:24:55,398The newts are said toleave an odour trail thatpotential mates can follow.19300:24:58,238 --> 00:25:01,798The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back.19400:25:02,798 --> 00:25:04,478 These are its defence.19500:25:07,718 --> 00:25:11,358If grabbed by a potential predator,19600:25:11,398 --> 00:25:16,398the tips of its ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps.19700:25:25,718 --> 00:25:28,758The deluge wakesanother forest inhabitant.19800:25:37,198 --> 00:25:40,958This one is particularly astounding in its vigour!19900:25:56,038 --> 00:25:58,158It can grow up to a metre a day,20000:25:58,198 --> 00:26:01,598fast overtaking the otherplants around it.20100:26:10,278 --> 00:26:14,638The taller it grows,the faster its growth rate,20200:26:14,678 --> 00:26:18,958so that in a matter of days it towers above the undergrowth,20300:26:18,998 --> 00:26:21,678and continues reaching for the sky.20400:26:24,918 --> 00:26:28,438Not bad for what isessentially a grass.20500:26:33,598 --> 00:26:35,198It's bamboo.20600:26:48,278 --> 00:26:49,638 Given the chance,20700:26:49,678 --> 00:26:54,718 bamboo will create immense forests, dominating entire areas.20800:26:56,598 --> 00:27:00,238 Bamboo forests occuracross southwest China,20900:27:00,278 --> 00:27:02,158all the way to Shanghai.21000:27:05,358 --> 00:27:08,518But probably the highest diversity of bamboos in the world21100:27:08,558 --> 00:27:11,238is found on the hillsand valleys of Yunnan.21200:27:18,558 --> 00:27:22,798 Though incredibly strong,bamboos have hollow stems,21300:27:22,838 --> 00:27:27,238a perfect shelter for anycreatures which can find a way in.21400:27:29,438 --> 00:27:32,998This entrance holewas made by a beetle21500:27:33,038 --> 00:27:36,398but it's being used by avery different animal.21600:27:45,078 --> 00:27:46,638A bamboo bat.21700:27:46,678 --> 00:27:51,238The size of a bumblebee, it's oneof the tiniest mammals in the world.21800:27:55,958 --> 00:27:59,518The entire colony, up to 25 bats,21900:27:59,558 --> 00:28:06,358fits into a single section of bamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup.22000:28:06,398 --> 00:28:08,238It's quite a squeeze!22100:28:11,478 --> 00:28:13,038Half the colony are babies.22200:28:13,078 --> 00:28:17,198 Though barely a week old, they are already almost as big as their mums.22300:28:20,318 --> 00:28:23,958 Feeding such a fast-growingbrood is hard work.22400:28:23,998 --> 00:28:28,078The mums leave to huntjust after dusk each night.22500:29:07,358 --> 00:29:10,558Back in the roost,the young are left on their own.22600:29:11,638 --> 00:29:16,438Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls -22700:29:16,478 --> 00:29:17,798most of the time.22800:29:20,998 --> 00:29:25,278The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a life on the wing22900:29:25,318 --> 00:29:27,278by preening and stretching.23000:29:35,238 --> 00:29:40,358Packed in like sardines, they would make an easy target for a snake.23100:30:02,638 --> 00:30:05,758But the snake has nochance of getting in.23200:30:05,798 --> 00:30:08,878The entrance is thinnerthan the width of a pencil.23300:30:19,198 --> 00:30:20,478When the mothers return,23400:30:20,518 --> 00:30:25,398they can push through the narrow entrance only because oftheir unusually flattened skulls.23500:30:31,318 --> 00:30:33,238But it's still a squeeze.23600:30:42,958 --> 00:30:47,878Bamboos are exploited in a verydifferent way by another forest dweller.23700:31:01,878 --> 00:31:04,718Fresh bamboo shoots arean important forest crop.23800:31:11,638 --> 00:31:13,998Ai Lao Xiang is of the Hani tribe,23900:31:14,038 --> 00:31:17,118from the mountain village of Mengsong.24000:31:28,838 --> 00:31:33,278Roasted, the tender shoots hegathers will make a tasty dish.24100:31:40,118 --> 00:31:45,638The Hani have many uses for thedifferent bamboos they growand find in the forest around.24200:31:49,518 --> 00:31:52,198Though flexible enough to be woven,24300:31:52,238 --> 00:31:56,118bamboo has a highertensile strength than steel.24400:31:56,158 --> 00:31:58,078Succulent when young,24500:31:58,118 --> 00:32:03,318in maturity it's tough and durable,ideal for making a table24600:32:03,358 --> 00:32:08,838and strong enough for a pipe to last a lifetime.24700:32:15,638 --> 00:32:17,518The people of southwest China24800:32:17,558 --> 00:32:22,038have found an extraordinary number ofways to exploit this mostversatile of plants.24900:32:40,998 --> 00:32:44,878THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE LANGUAGE25000:32:54,158 --> 00:32:56,678Part of bamboo's phenomenal success25100:32:56,718 --> 00:33:00,558is that it's so toughthat few animals can tackle it.25200:33:03,598 --> 00:33:06,278Yet, bamboo does come under attack.00:33:28,958 --> 00:33:31,438A bamboo rat.25400:33:31,478 --> 00:33:34,158Feeding almost exclusively on bamboo,25500:33:34,198 --> 00:33:39,158they live their entire lives intunnels beneath the forest.25600:33:41,998 --> 00:33:46,558The thinner species of bambooare easy to attack and pull below.25700:33:52,078 --> 00:33:54,718She has a fantastic sense of smell25800:33:54,758 --> 00:33:59,038and can sniff out the freshgrowth through the soil.25900:34:01,878 --> 00:34:05,838Bamboo spreads along underground stems.26000:34:07,558 --> 00:34:10,158By following these, new shoots are found.26100:34:12,758 --> 00:34:14,998Once a shoot is detected,26200:34:15,038 --> 00:34:19,758she snips it free and dragsit down into her burrow.00:34:24,598 --> 00:34:26,238This female has a family.26400:34:26,278 --> 00:34:28,198At just a few weeks old,26500:34:28,238 --> 00:34:32,438the youngsters can already tackle the hardest bamboo stems26600:34:32,478 --> 00:34:34,758and are eager to try.26700:34:56,118 --> 00:34:58,118 Bamboo's tough reputation is such,26800:34:58,158 --> 00:35:03,838that another bamboo specialist was known by the Chinese as,"The Iron Eating Animal".26900:35:10,798 --> 00:35:14,598The giant panda is famousfor its exclusive diet.27000:35:22,518 --> 00:35:28,598 Giant pandas are thought tohave originated in southwest China, millions of years ago,27100:35:28,638 --> 00:35:31,118but they are no longerfound in Yunnan.27200:35:34,078 --> 00:35:38,358 Recently, their specialiseddiet has had dire consequences.27300:35:42,838 --> 00:35:46,078Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle,27400:35:46,118 --> 00:35:50,838flowering infrequently, sometimesonly once every hundred years or so.27500:35:53,238 --> 00:35:56,798But when flowering does occur,it's on a massive scale,27600:35:56,838 --> 00:36:01,518and it's followed by thedeath of all of the plants.27700:36:03,998 --> 00:36:07,918 Sometimes an entirebamboo forest may die.27800:36:14,318 --> 00:36:18,318In undisturbed habitat, pandassimply move to another area27900:36:18,358 --> 00:36:21,078where a different bamboo species grows.28000:36:25,758 --> 00:36:30,158But as human activity has fragmented their forest home,28100:36:30,198 --> 00:36:36,678pandas find it increasingly hard to find large enough areasin which to survive.28200:36:36,718 --> 00:36:42,198Wild pandas are now found onlyin the forests of Central China,28300:36:42,238 --> 00:36:43,678far to the east.28400:36:48,198 --> 00:36:52,198But in the hidden pockets of lowland jungle in Yunnan's tropical south,28500:36:52,238 --> 00:36:55,918live one of China'sbest-kept wildlife secrets.28600:37:10,158 --> 00:37:12,398DEEP BELLOW28700:37:15,878 --> 00:37:18,438The wild Asian elephant.28800:37:22,398 --> 00:37:27,118 Elephants once roamed acrossChina as far north as Beijing.28900:37:27,158 --> 00:37:31,638But it's only in the hidden valleys of Yunnan that they have survived.29000:37:45,598 --> 00:37:48,478 Elephants are the。

《BBC美丽中国》第一集

(SQUAWKING)NARRATOR: The last hidden world,China.For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures.Chinese civilisation is the world's oldestand today, its largest,with well over a billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groupsand a wide range of traditional lifestyles,often in close partnership with nature.We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems. But there is great beauty here, too.China is home to the world's highest mountains,vast deserts ranging from searing hotto mind-numbing cold.Steaming forests harbouring rare creatures.Grassy plains beneath vast horizons.And rich tropical seas.Now for the first time ever,we can explore the whole of this great country,meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live hereand consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of Chinato the remarkable landscape in which they live.This is Wild China.Our exploration of China begins in the warm, subtropical south.On the Li River, fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts,a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years.This scenery is known throughout the world,a recurring motif in Chinese paintings.And a major tourist attraction.The south of China is a vast area,eight times larger than the UK.It's a landscape of hills but also of water.(THUNDER RUMBLING)It rains here for up to 250 days a year,and standing water is everywhere.(THUNDER RUMBLING)In the floodplain of the Yangtze River,black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms.But isn't just wildlife that thrives in this environment.The swampy ground provides ideal conditionsfor a remarkable member of the grass family. |Rice.The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8,000 years.It has transformed the landscape.Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmersas they prepare the age-old paddy fields ready for the coming spring. These hill slopes of the Yuanyang County plunge nearly 2,000 metres to the floor of the Red River valley.Each contains literally thousands of stacked terracescarved out by hand using basic digging tools.Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China. Still ploughed, as they always have been,by domesticated water buffaloes,whose ancestors originated in these very valleys.This man-made landscapeis one of the most amazing engineering featsof pre-industrial China.It seems as if every square inch of landhas been pressed into cultivation.As evening approaches, an age-old ritual unfolds.It's the mating seasonand male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of the females. But it doesn't always pay to draw too much attention to yourself. The Chinese pond heron is a pitiless predator. (SQUAWKS)Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field,nature is red in beak and claw.This may look like a slaughterbut as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time,the vast majority will escape to croak another day.Terraced paddies like those of the Yuanyang Countyare found across much of southern China.This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation.In hilly Guizhou Province,the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture.With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation,the Miao build their wooden houseson the steepest and least productive hillsides.In Chinese rural life, everything has a use.Dried in the sun, manure from the cow shedswill be used as cooking fuel.(WOMEN CHATTERING IN CHINESE)It's midday, and the Song familyare tucking into a lunch of rice and vegetables.(SPEAKING IN CHINESE)Oblivious to the domestic chit-chat,Granddad Gu Yong Xiu has serious matters on his mind.Spring is the start of the rice growing season.The success of the crop will determine how well the family will eat next year, so planting at the right time is critical.The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year,never easy to predict.But there is some surprising help at hand.On the ceiling of the Songs' living room, a pair of red-rumped swallows, newly arrived from their winter migration,is busy fixing up last year's nest.In China, animals are valued as much for their symbolic meaningas for any good they may do.Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life,so their presence is a favour and a blessing,bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home.Like most Miao dwellings, the Songs' living room windowslook out over the paddy fields.From early spring, one of these windows is always left opento let the swallows come and go freely.Each year, granddad Gu notes the exact day the swallows return.Miao people believe the birds' arrival predicts the timing of the season ahead. This year, they were late.So Gu and the other community elders have agreedthat rice planting should be delayed accordingly.As the Miao prepare their fields for planting,the swallows collect mud to repair their nestsand chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies.Finally, after weeks of preparation,the ordained time for planting has arrived.But first the seedlings must be uprooted from the nursery bedsand bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddyhigher up the hillside.All the Songs' neighbours have turned out to help with the transplanting. It's how the community has always worked.When the time comes, the Songs will return the favour.While the farmers are busy in the fields,the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest.Many hands make light work.Planting the new paddy takes little more than an hour.Job done, the villagers can relax,at least until tomorrow.But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a familyhas only just begun. |In the newly planted fields, little egrets hunt for food. The rice paddies harbour tadpoles, fish and insectsand the egrets have chicks to feed.。

BBC精彩纪录片《美丽中国》第二集《香格里拉》

BBC精彩纪录片《美丽中国》第二集《香格里拉》
BBC精彩纪录片《美丽中国》
2
Shangri-La香格里拉
（中文版译名：《云翔天边》）
Shangri-La是全系列中覆盖地区最少的一集，主要记录生物多样、风景秀丽的云南省。

藏匿于此的河谷养育了奇异而又独特的动物和绚烂的部落文化。

该集从傣族人民的泼水节（water splashing festival）入手，讲述了傣族人对河水的崇敬。

地处中国西南边境的云南犹如万花筒一般包罗万象——雪山竹海、密林深潭、奇花异卉、珍奇异兽，都给这片土地带来了别样的色彩。

在至今无人征服的卡拉博格雪山，空气稀薄，温度可以达到零下四十度，但它却是滇金丝猴（Yunnan Snub nosed monkey）在地球上唯一的栖息地。

在这些孤绝的高峰中，还有更多你从未见到的奇特动物，如安静喜爱独居的小熊猫（Red Panda）。

Shangri-La《云翔天边》。

纪录片《美丽中国》英文文本-Part2

Holy MountainsDaocheng Yading is a magical and mysterious land located in the southwest of China’s Sichuan province. This is a kingdom surrounded by breath-taking views of snow-capped mountains, steep glaciers, crystal clear lakes, vast pastures, as well as dense woods. It is called the last pure land on this blue planet. Every September, the scenery here is at its most fascinating. It’s like placing people into colorful fairy tale world. The focal point is the three mountain peaks in Daocheng Yading. The most beautiful is called Yang Maiyong. It is about 6000 meters in height, and has the shape of a perfect pyramid. Back in 1931, the American explorer Joseph Rock first introduced it to the world with photos taken for the National Geographic magazine. He wrote, “she is the most beautiful snow peak my eyes have ever seen”. Next to it, stand two other mountains: Xiannairi and Xianuoduoji. The crest of the mountains is covered by snow most of the time. No one has yet ever been able to reach the top. They are called the “Three Holy Mountains”. It is an irreplaceably sacred place in the hearts of the local people. The locals say that if one could walk round the holy mountains three times, then your wishes for this life will be fulfilled. But it is such a great challenge to both one’s physical ability and mind, because of its altitude. What drives them to do that? Perhaps it is simple faith. It is not only the last pure land, but also earth that can purify the soul.Huge Bonsai between Water and SkyWuyi Mountain, located in the southeastern part of China, has a total area of about 1000 square kilometers. It has the largest nature reserve in Fujian Province, and the largest existing subtropical primary forest system in the same latitude zone in the world. Wuyi Mountain is deeply influenced by a fault zone, which controls the direction of the ridge line. The other faults divide the mountain into several fault blocks and form many deep valleys. The Tongmuguan Fault Zone is the center of the faults, forming a spectacular “V”-shaped grand canyon. The intense tectonic movements of millions of years ago gifted Wuyi Mountain a magnificent Danxia landform, which differs from the Danxia landform in Northwest China. Many of the rock surfaces are covered with different shades of vegetation, creating a blush on the huge green mountains. The Goddess Peak, the symbol of Wuyi Mountain, is the typical residual Danxia landform left by the faults. Geological movement caused a red-rock massif to collapse under its enormous weight. The Goddess Peak is the last remaining pillar of the surrounding rocks after the collapse. There are many cracks in the karst rocks of Wuyi Mountain. After millions of years of scouring and cutting by water flowing through them, many streams have formed around the mountain. Sitting on bamboo rafts and following the stream, tourists can enjoy the scenery of Wuyi Mountain along the way.Lake with Amazing ColoursHidden deep in the mountains of western China’s Sichuan province, there is a primitive and dreamy valley called Jiuzhaigou. It has preserved one of the moist stunning view of nature that it could be called Chian’s Garden of Eden. Its signature landscape is the crystal lakes with turquoise and many other colours of white, blue, green, or emerald. The secret of colouring the lake is the spirogyra, charophyte, and other kinds of ferns that grow in the water. They contain chlorophyll, which helps create various colors. These colors vary according to the season light and the viewing angle. There are 108 lakes like this dotted around the three major valleys in Jiuzhaigou. Each of these valleys has an altitude higher than 2000 meters and altogether the valleys are 49 kilometers long. Besides these magical lakes, Jiuzhaigou also has China widest waterfall. Nuorilang Waterfall, with a with a width of 270 meters. If you visit Jiuzhaigou during the right time, you may even experience the rotation of four seasons in one day. From the colourful scene to the white appearance, Jiuzhaigou could do it in very short time. It is perhaps the ultimate fairyland in China.Maqu Wetland from the AboveIn the south of China’s Gansu Province, the Maqu Wetland has more than 300 tributaries, large and small, distributed like capillaries across the surface of the earth. As the Yellow River, China’s second longest river, reaches Maqu, the water it carries accounts for just 20% of the total water volume of the Yellow River. That total swells to 65% as it leaves Maqu. The abundant water nourishes the vast grassland. This grassland is located in the eastern end of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. With a total area of 3750 square kilometers, it is about the size of three city’s size of Los Angeles. But this is no City of Aangles, but a paradise for cattle and sheep. The Oula sheep breed is unique to Maqu. It gets its name from Mount Oula nearby. Their slightly spiral upturned V-shaped horns make them handsome beasts. The secret of the resilience of the Qula sheep lies in the green grassland. More than 50% of the grassland here is put over to growing Chinese medicines. By grazing on these herbs, the sheep develop a stronger resistance to diseases. Beyond grazing and drinking, running becomes their daily essential fitness sport. But the Oula sheep are not alone. The Yaks of Maqu also love running across the wetland grassland. China is the home of yaks. More than 90% of yaks in the world live on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Yaks account for more for more than half of the livestock raised by Maqu herdsmen. The rich water and grass not only nurtures Oula sheep and yaks, but also serves as the cornerstone of the existence of the Maqu people. The Yellow River, which nourishes more than 75000 square kilometers of land, is called the “Mother River” by the Chinese People. The Maqu Wetland contributes nearly half of the water to the Yellow. What it truly nurtures goes far beyond what we can see here.Monkey IslandLocated in The Nanwan Peninsula, 14 km from Lingshui Town, Hainan Province, Nanwan Monkey Island is the only tropical island nature reserve for macaques in China and the world, so people call it “Monkey Island”. Nanwan Monkey Island is beautiful and charming. There are clean and entrancing beaches, so typical of Hainan, with colorful coral reefs. Monkey Island is surrounded by the sea on three sides and has a vast expanse of blue waves. The rocks on the island are craggy, like an anchor thrown into the vast South China Sea. It has a mild climate and abundant rainfall, and coconut, litchi, pineapple, carambola and other fruits trees are everywhere. The plants here are evergreen and flowers and fruits can be found here all year round, providing a typical tropical scenery. It is not only suitable for the growth and reproduction of macaques, but also can provide a plentiful supply of food for monkeys. The monkeys on the island have been domesticated and visitors can take pictures of them or have their pictures taken with them. The best time to watch monkeys is when the keeper feeds them. At the sound of whistle, trees and grass all over the mountain begin to shake, you can see macaques skipping, and swinging between trees. In the blink of an eye, they gather together to fight for food and make a lot of noise. Over the years, the authorities have taken a series of protective measures for the monkeys in Nanwan Monkey Island, so the monkeys can have a worry-free life in this natural biosphere. Nanwan Monkey Island has really become a paradise for macaquesMount Emei in the sea of CloudsMount Emei, located in the southwest of Sichuan Province, with its back to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and standing on the southwest edge of the Sichuan Basin, is an ancient and famous attraction in China. Three million years ago, the main part of Mount Emei rose sharply along a fault line here. Due to a complex combination of erosion, weathering, and collapse, a massive height difference was formed between today’s mountain top and the Emei Plain. The Summit of Ten Thousand Buddhas, at an altitude of 3099 meters, is the highest peak of Mount Emei. It has the world’s highest and largest metal building complex, and is also a world cultural and natural heritage site. In a commanding position, the Golden Summit with the biggest concentration of temples and scenic spots on Mount Emei, can be called the largest and highest place of worship of Chinese Buddhism in the world. The Buddha statue of Samantabhadra, measuring 48 meters high, is the highest golden Buddha in the world and is at the heart of the Golden summit on Mount Emei. The ten heads of the Budda statue are divided into three layers, each with different expressions, representing the ten mentalities. Many Chinese people come here to pray for the protection of the Buddha. The Golden Summit is also the perfect location to appreciate the wonderous Mount Emei “Sea of Clouds”. The 72 peaks of Mount Emei are mostly over 2000 meters above sea level. The scenery features high peaks above the clouds and ubiquitous white mist. In such an ocean of white, the many peaks appear to float in the clouds like islands. This seaof clouds can surround Mount Emei for more than 330 days a year. Formed by ever changing patches of mist and fog, they present a unique panorama. Summer and autumn are the best time to view them. At every level, the scene is different. If you are lucky, it’s also possible to see Gongga Mountain, 7590 meters above sea level, in the distance from the Golden Summit.Mountains in the RiverIn ancient times, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, in Eastern China, was called Jingkou. Located at the golden cross of the Yangtze River and the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal, it is a place of strategic importance. The upper reaches of the Yangtze River deposit a lot of silt here, which has gradually built up into a small island in the river. There are three beautiful mountains here, namely, Jinshan Mountain, Beigu Mountain, and Jiaoshan Mountain Which are closely connected with the Yangtze River and are called the Three Mountains in Jingkou. Jinshan Mountain is only 42 meters above sea level. Although Jinshan Mountain is side to be on the Yangtze River, Because the river’s course has moved to the north, Jinshan is now some distance away from the Yangtze. Beigu Mountain, ten meters higher than Jinshan Mountain, is just beside the Yangtze River. From here, Jinshan Mountain can be seen in the west and Jiaoshan Mountain in the east. The mighty river flows around the foot of the mountain. Jiaoshan, the highest of the three, with an altitude of 70.7 meters and an area of 38 hectares. It is located in the Yangtze River, surrounded by water. Encircled by the green waves, the green mountain looks like a piece of jade floating on the river. People can reach the island by coat to experience the gentle river water in the dry season, and appreciate the magnificent scene in the wet season. Compared with many famous mountains, this seemingly inconspicuous local landscape composed of three beautiful mountains coexist and integrate with the Yangtze River, becoming a landmark in this area.Mountain that Birds Can’t ConquerQue’er Mountain is located in southwest China, and the northernmost part of the Hengduan Mountains. It is also one of the few snow mountains named after birds in China. Local people once called it “the mountain over which even the eagle can’t fly”. The snow-capped and majestic Que’er Mountain, has an altitude of 6168m at the highest point and towers above the ten 5500-nmeter-high peaks around it. Que’er Mountain is a remnant of a geological movement, and with the rise of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, it has become a huge mountain towering above the surrounding area. There are snow mountains, wetland, forests, grasslands, glaciers and other ecosystems. Due to the steep terrain, narrow roads, high altitude, coldness and oxygen deficiency,it called the highest and most precipitous mountain in Sichuan and Tibet Area. In the 1950s, Chinese people, with sweat, blood and even lives, built this miraculous mountain road. Que’er mountain, which is high and precipitous with many glaciers, gained its fame because of this road. In 2017, another 7-kilometers-long road was built here, including the Que’er Mountain Tunnel with an average elevation of 4300 meters. It is the highest highway tunnel in the world. For this mountain that once even “the eagle couldn’t fly over”, it now only takes a 10 minutes-drive to traverse the mountain.Museum of Marine Erosion LandformsPingtan Island is located off the southeast coast of China. The erosion of the land by the action of the sea has formed various kinds of rock formations. Pingtan Island is known as the “Museum of Marine Erosion Landforms” because of the rich variety of formations here. This Fairyland Scene of the East China Sea is typical of marine erosion landforms in the area. This naturally formed shaft has a diameter of nearly 50 meters and a depth of 40 meters. Alongside the shaft, there is a huge canyon, which looks like a mountain split in two. Pingtan Island is a world of stones. On the island there are many strange rock formations, among which the most famous are the Banyang Stone Sail and the God of Haitan. They are also known as the Double Wonders of Pingtan Island. The Banyang Stone is the world’s largest granite spherical weathered marine erosion column. The reef looks like a big ship, with the two massive boulders as its double sails. There are many marine erosion landforms on the island, such as the Nanzhai Stone Forest group with its variety of different shapes, unpredictable marine erosion caves, and scattered marine erosion platforms and terraces. They are unique landscapes shaped by the magical power of nature.Mysterious Kanas LakeIn China’s northwestern Xinjiang, there are many different landscapes and remarkable views. Deep in its northern dense forest, there is an amazingly beautiful lake. The color of the lake changes with the season, light, and temperature difference between morning and evening. The Kanas Lake, the second largest deep-water lake in China, has a water depth of 190 meters. Perhaps it’s the fear of what lies below the surface that has stirred up legends of a lake monster. Since the late 1980’s, there have been numerous sightings of the creature in the lake. It is said that horses drinking by the lake were once dragged into water by the monster. Many tourists come all the way to the Kanas Lake, hoping to catch a glimpse of the mysterious marine creature. Most scientists believe the so-called water monster is a Hucho Bleeker living deep below the surface. Some ofthese freshwater salmon can grow to nearly two meters long. They can be ferocious and secretive, but occasionally emerge from the water and make waves. The warm and humid Atlantic air currents travel over 6900 kilometers of land into the Altay Mountains, and bring more than 600 mm of precipitation every year, nurturing the largest Siberian taiga forests in China. Taiga forests have a simple structure, and are mostly composed of tall and straight fir and pine trees. They grow and multiply by the Kanas Lake, carrying their life on from generation to generation.Natural Karst MuseumOver time, sand gathers to build strong towers. But drop by drop, the water washed them clean away. Imagine hundreds of millions of tons of water dripping for hundreds of millions of years. How then would the landscape look? Maybe the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau of China is how it would be. The erosion of soluble rocks by running water has resulted in a variety karst Landforms. The total karst area in China is 14000 square kilometers, and Zhijin Cave National Geopark is just one of them. Zhijin Grand Canyon is a miraculous natural landscape revered by geologists as “a top-class karst landscape”. There are 7 natural bridges on the upper and lower levels, which form a unique masterpiece among geoparks across China. Corrosion by running water opens a window to a subterranean world. Zhijin Cave covers an area of more than 700000 square meters, which is equivalent to 100 football fields. It takes about 3 hours to tour the whole cave. The highest part of the cave is 50 stories. The huge karst deposits, measuring 200 meters in length look like an imposing sculpture or fresco. Zhijin Cave is endowed with more than 40 types of karst cave deposits and presents a variety of wonders. The formation of Zhijin Cave has taken at least 2.5 billion years. Entering the cave is like stepping into a time tunnel. It feels as though you are no longer on Earth, but rather have stepped into a land of fantasy.Perpetually White MountainsLocated in the northeast of China the Changbai Mountains is named after its iconic scenery of being perpetually white almost all year long. These mountains were formed around 2.77 million years ago after volcano eruptions due to the movement of the earth crust. At the top of the main mountain there is a crater lake with an altitude of 2100 meters. It is called “Tian Chi” in Chinese, literally meaning Heaven Lake. Its latest eruption happened around 300 years ago. Tianchi is the largest crater lake in China, and it is the deepest mountain lake around the world as well. The average depth of water is 204 meters. It has stored over 2 billion tons of freshwater, which is able to supply the population in Beijing downtown for 22 months. The winter lasts for 9 months inChangbai Mountains. Thus, the crest of the mountain is covered by snow most of the time. The depth of the snow is 50 centimeters on average. It is extremely difficult to visit the mountain during the winter. Lake Tianchi only melts in Mid-July due to the cold weather and the water in the lake is flowing for only 30 days every year. It is always misty and cloudy. According to the locals, people could only see the most imposing scenery here if they have a special mysterious connection with this “magical mountain”.。

BBC美丽中国英文字幕word第一集

BBC美丽中国英文字幕word第一集The last hidden worldChinaFor centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapesand surprising creaturesChinese civilization is the world's oldestand today it's largestwith well over a billion peopleIt's home to more than distinct ethnic groupsand a wide range of traditional life stylesoften in close partnership with natureWe know that China faces immense social and environmental problems but there is great beauty here tooChina is home to the world's highest mountains, vast deserts ranging from from searing hotto mind numbing coldsteaming forestsharboring rare creaturesgrassy plains beneath vast horizonsand rich tropical seasNow, for the first time everwe can explore the whole of this great countrymeet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of China to the remarkable landscaping which they liveThis is wild ChinaOur exploration of China begins in the warm subtropical south On the Li River, fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years This scenery is known throughout the worlda recurring motif in Chinese paintingsand a major tourist attractionThe south of China is a vast areaeight times larger than the UKIt's a landscape of hillsbut also of waterIt rains here for up to days a yearand standing water is everywhereIn a floodplain of the Yangtse Riverblack-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms But it isn't just wildlife that thrive in this environment the swampy ground provides ideal conditions for the remarkable member of the grassfamilyriceThe Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least thousand yearsIt has transformed a landscapeLate winter in southern Yunnan, it's a busy time for local farmers as they prepare the age-old paddy field ready for the coming spring These hill slopes of Yuanyang countyplunge nearly thousand meters to the floor of the Red River Valley each contains literally thousands of stack terraces carved out by hand using basic digging toolsYunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China still ploughed as they always have beenby domesticated water buffaloeswhose ancestors originated in these very valleysThis man-made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering feats of preindustrialChinaIt seems as if every square inch of landhas been pressed into cultivationAs evening approachesan age-old ritual unfoldsIt's the mating seasonand male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of females But it dosen't always pay to draw too much attention to youself The Chinese Pond Heron is a crapulous predatorEven in the middle of a ploughed paddy fieldThis may look like a slaughterbut as each heron can swallow only one frog at a timethe vast majority will escape to croak another dayTerrace paddies like those of Yunyang county are found across much of southern ChinaThis whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation In here in Guizhou province, the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice cultureWith every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation the Miao build their wooden houses on the steepest and least productive hillsides In Chinese rural life, everything has a usedried in the sun, manure from the cowsheds would be used as cooking fuel It's midday and the Song family aretucking into a lunch of rice and vegetablesOblivious to the domestic chitchatgranddad Guyong Song has serious maters on his mindSpring is a start of the rice growing seasonthe success of the crop will determin how well the family will eat next year so planting at the right time is criticalThe ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year never easy to predictBut there is some surprising help at handOn the ceiling of the Song's living rooma pair of red-rumped swallows newly arrive from their winter migration is busy fixing up last year's nestIn China, animals have value does much for their symbolic meaning as for many goodthey may doMiao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life so their presence is a favor and a blessingbringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home Like most Miao dwellings, the Song's living room windows look out over the paddy fieldsFrom early spring, one of these windows is always left open to let the swallows comeand go freelyEach year, granddad Gu knows the exat day the swallows return Miao people believe the birds arrival predicts the timing of a season ahead This year, they were lateso Gu and the other community elders have agreed that rice planting should be delayedaccordinglyAs the Miao prepare their fields for plantingthe swallows collect mud to repair their nestsand chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies Finally, after weeks of preparationthe ordained time for planting has arrivedbut first the seedlings must be uproot from the nursery beds and bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddy higher up the hillsideAll the Song's neighbors have turned to help with the transplanting It's how the community has always workedwhen the time comes, the Songs will return the favorWhile the farmers are busy in the fieldsthe swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest Many hands make light workplanting the new paddy takes a little more than an hour Job done, the villagers can relaxat least until tomorrowBut for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a family has only just begunIn the newly planted fieldslittle egrets hunt for foodsThe rice paddy harbor tadpoles, fish and insectsand egrets have chicks to feedThis colony in Chongqing province is established in when a few dozen birds build nests in the bamboo grove behind Yanguang village Believing they were assigned of lucklocal people initially protected the egrets and the colony grove But their attitude change when the head of the village fell ill They blame the birds and were all set to destroy their nests when the localgovernment stepped in to protect them Bedny bamboo may not be the safest nesting placebut at least these youngsters won't end up at someone's dinner These chicks have just had a meal delivered by their mom quite a chance for litter beaksProviding their colonies are protectedwading birds like egrets are among the few wild creatures which benefit directly fromintensive rice cultivationGrowing rice needs lots of waterbut even in the rainy south, there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarceThis vast area of southwest Chinathe size of France and Spain combinedis famous for its clusters of conical hillslike giant upturned egg carton seperated by dry empty valleys Thisis the karsta limestone terrain which has become the defining image of southern China Karst landscapes are often studed with rocky outcrops forcinglocal farmers to cultivate tiny fieldsThe people who live hereare among the poorest in ChinaIn neighboring Yunnan provincelimestone rocks have taken over entirelyThis is the famous Stone Forestthe product of countless years of erosionproducing a maze of deep gullets and sharp-edged pinnacles Limestone has a strange property that is dissolves in rain water Over many thousands of years, water has corrode its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itselfThis natural wonder has a famous tourist spotreceiving close to m visitors each yearThe Chinese are fond of curiously shaped rocksand many have been given fanciful namesNo prices for guessing what this one is calledBut there is more to this landscapethan meets the eyeChina has literally thousands of mysterious cavernsconcealed beneath the visible landscape of the karstMuch of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes And it's only just now being exploredFor a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorerscaves represent the ultimate adventureExploring a cave is like taking the journey through time a journey which endless raindrops would have followed over countless centuries Fed by countless drips and tricklesthe subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock The caveriver's course is channeled by the beds of limestone A witness in therock can not allow the river to increase its gradient to flow in providing a real challenge for the cave explorersThe downward rushes halted when the water table is reached Here the slow flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile This tranquil world is home to specialized cave fisheslike the eye-less Golden BarbChina may have unique kinds of cave evolved fishesthan anywhere else on EarthAbove the water tableancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill up with stalactites and stalagmitesStalactites form as trickling water deposites tiny quantities of rock over hundreds or thousands of yearsStalagmites grow up where lime laid and drips hit the cave floor So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected and caves are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves Finally escaping the darknessthe cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valley far from where their journeybeganor now the adventure is overRivers which issue from cavesare the key to survival in the karst countryThis vertical gorge in Guizhou provinceis a focal point for the region's wildlifeThis is one of the world's rarest primatesFran'c'ois' langurIn China, they survive in just two southern provincesGuizhou and Guangxialways in ragged limestone terrainsLike most monkeys, they're social creaturesand spend a great deal of time grooming each otherLangurs are essentially vegetarian with a diet of buds, fruits, and tender young leavesBabies are born with jinger furwhich gradually turns black from the tail end Young infants have a vise-like gripused for cling on to mom for deer lifeAs they get olderthey get bolder and take more risksThose are the survive spend a lot of time travelling Yet experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal foodin different parts of their rangeIn such steep terraintravel involves a high level of climbing skill These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbers from the time they learnt to walk In langur societyfemales rule the roostand take the lead when the family is on the move One section ofcliffwoops is a trickle of mineral-rich waterwhich the monkeys seem to find irresistible These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve which might pose a risk to baby monkeybut in past centuries, this area of south China was home to leopards, pythons, and even tigers To survive dangerous night prowlers the langurs went undergroundusing their rock climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible cavernsFilmed in near darkness using a night vision camera the troopclmbers along familiar ledgesworn smooth by generations before themDuring cold winter weatherthe monkeys venture deeper undergroundwhere the air stays comparatively warmAt last, journeys end,a coated niche beyond the reach of even the most enterprisingpredatorBut it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves These children are off to schoolIn rural China, that may mean a long trek each morning passing through a cave or two on the wayBut not all pupils have to walk to schoolThese children are boarderAs the day pupils near journey's endthe boarders are still making breakfastIn the school yard, someone seems to have switched the lights off But this is no ordinary play groundand no ordinary schoolIts houseinside a caveA natural vault of rock keeps out the rainso there is no need for a roof on the classroomZhongdong cave school is made up of classeswith a total of childrenAs well as a school, the cave houses familiestogether with their livestockThis could be the only cave dwelling cows on EarthWith school work over, it's play time at lastIn southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter they can be a source of revenue for the communityPeople have been visiting this cave for generations The cave floor is covered in guanoso plentiful that minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets This used as a valuable source of fertilizerA clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave The entrance is full of swiftsThey are very sociable birdsmore than , of them share this cave in southern Guizhou province The biggest swift colony in ChinaThese days, Chinese house swiftsmostly nest in the roofs of buildingsbut rock crevasses like these were their original home long before houses were inventedThough the swifts depend on the cave for shelterthey never stray further than the limits of daylight as their eyes can't see in darkHowever, deep inside the cavernare the creatures are better equippedfor subterranean lifeA colony of bats is just waking upusing ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness Night is the time to go huntingRickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asia which specializes in catching fishestracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples on the water surface This extraordinary behavior was only discovered in the last couple of years and has never been filmed beforeIf catching fish in the dark is impressiveimagine eating a slippery minnow with no hands while hanging upside down Dawn, over the karst hills of GuilinThese remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapesto the mildly acid waters of the Li Riverwhose meandering course over eons of time has corrode away their basis until only the rocky course remainedLi is one of the cleanest rivers in Chinaa favorite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants The men, all called Huang, come from the same village now in their seventies and eightiesthey've been fishermen all their livesBefore they release the birdsthey tie a noose, loosely around the neckto stop them swallowing any fish they may catchChancing and dancing, the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge Underwaterthe cormorant's hunting instinct kicks inturning them into fish seeking missilesWorking together,a good cormorant team can catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morningThe birds return to the raft with their fish because they've been trained to do soFrom the time it first hatchedeach of these cormorants has been reared to a life of obedience to its master The birds are, in effect, slavesBut they are not stupidIt's said the cormorants can key the tally of the fish they catch at least up to sevenSo unless they get a reward now and then,they simply withdraw their laborThe fishermen of course keep the best fish for themselves The cormorants get the leftover tiddliesWith its collar removedthe bird can at last swallow its prizeBest of all, when it isn't meant to have...These days,competition for modern fishing techniquesmeans the Huangs can't make a living from traditional cormorant fishing alone And this -year old traditionis now practiced mostly to entertain touristsBut on Caohai lake in nearby Guizhou Provincean even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well Geng Zhongsheng is on his way to set out his net for the night Geng's net is a strange tubular contraption with a closed off end More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake Its mineral-rich waters are highly productiveand there are nets everywhereThe next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch At first sight, it looks disappointingTiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling bugs Geng doesn't seem too downheartedThe larger fish are kept alivethe only way they'll stay fresh in the heatSurprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled out for special treatment They are the young stage of dragonfliespredators that feed on worms and tadpolesNowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs harvested like this Back home,Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dryIt's being China, nothing edible would be wastedThere is a saying in the far south"We will eat anything with legs, except a table;and anything with wings, except a plane."Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be backed up and taken to marketIts the dragonfly nymphs that fetch the best priceFortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast breeding so Geng and his fellow fishermen have so far had little impact on their numbers But not all wildlife is so resilientThis buddhist temple near Shanghaihas an extraordinary story attached to itIn MayA Wild China camera team filmed this peculiar Swinhoe's turtle in the temple's fishpondAccording to the monks, this turtle had been given to the temple during the Mingdynastyover years agoIt was thought to be the oldest animal on EarthSoft shell turtles are considerd a good-made delicacy by many Chinese and when it was filmedthis was one of just three Swinhoe's Turtles left alive in China The rest of its kindhaving been rounded up and eatenSadly, just a few weeks after filmingthis ancient creature diedThe remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in seperate zoos and Swinhoe's Turtle is now reckoned extinct in the wildIn fact, most of the types of fresh water turtles in China are now vanishingly rareThe answer to extinctionis protectionAnd there is now a growing network ofnature reserves through southern ChinaOf these, the Tianzi Mountain Reserve at Zangjiajie is perhaps the most visited byChinese nature loverswho come to marvel at the gravity-defying landscape of soaring sandstone pinnaclesWinding between Zhangjiajie's peakscrystal clear mountain streams are home to what is perhaps China's strangest creatureThis bizarre animalis a type of newtthe Chinese Giant SalamanderIn China, it is known as the baby fishbecause when distressed, it makes a sound like a crying infant It grows up to a meter and a half longmaking it the world's largest amphibianUnder natural conditions, a Giant Salamander may live decades But like so many Chinese animalsit is considered delicious to eatDespite being classed as protected speciesgiant salamanders are still illegally sold for food and the babyfish is now rareand endangered in the wildFortunately in a few areas like Zhangjiajie,Giang Salamanders still surviveunder strict official protectionThe rivers of Zhangjiajie flow northeast into the Yangtse floodplain known as the land of fish and riceOn an island in a lake in Anhui provincea dragon is stirringThis is the ancestral home of China's larges and rarest reptile A creature of mystery and legendDragon eggs are greatly prizedthese babies need to hatch out quickIt would seem someone is on their trailFor a helpless baby reptileimprisoned in a leathery membrane inside a choky shell a process of hatchingis a titanic straggleAnd time is running outIt's taken hours for the little dragon to get its head out of this egg It needs to gather its strength nowa final massive pushFree at lastthe baby Chinese alligators instinctively head upwards toward the surface of the nestand waiting outside worldBut the visitors are not what they seemSheshuzhen and her son live nearbyShe has been caring for her local alligators for over yearsso she had fair ideawhen the eggs will likely to hatchBack home, she's built a pond,surrounded by netting to keep out predatorswhere her charges will spend the next monthsuntil they are big enough to fend for themselvesFor the past twenty yearssmall scale conservation projects like this are all that have kept China's wildalligators from extinctionJust south of the alligator countrydawn breaks over a very different landscapeThe meter high granite peaksof the Huangshanor yellow mountainTo the ChineseHuangshan's pines are peak mines, the strength, and resilience of nature Some of these trees are thought to be over a thousand years old Bellow the granite peakssteep forest in the valleysshelter surprising inhabitantsHuangshan macaquesrare descendents of the Tibetan macaques of western China are unique to these mountain valleys where they enjoy strict official protection After a morning spent in the treetopsthe troop is heading for the shade of the valleya chance for the grownups escape the heatand maybe pickup a lanch snack from the streamAs in most monkey societiessocial contact involves a lot of groomingGrooming is all very well for grownupsBut young macaques have energy to burnLike so much monkey businesswhat starts off is a bit of playful rough-and-tumble soon begin to get out of handThe alpha male has seen it all beforehe's not in the least botheredbut someone or something is watching with a less than friendly interest The Chinese Moccasin is ambush predator with a deadly bite This is one of China's largest and most feared varmint snakes But themondkeys have lived alongside these dangerous serpent for thousands of yearsThey use this, specific alarm call, to warn each other whenever a snake is spottedOnce its cover is blown, the bite proposes no threat to the monkeys now safe in the treetopsAnd life soon returens to normalBy later summer, the rice fields of southern China have turn to gold The time has come to bring in the harvest Nowadays, modern highyield strains are grown throughout much of the rice lands Boosted by chemical fertilizersand reaped by combine harvestersThis is the great rice bowl of Chinaproducing a quarter of the world's riceInsects, stirred up by the noisy machines, are snapped up by gangsof red-rumped swallows including this year's youngsterswho have fledged several keeks agoThis could be their last feast before they head for the winterMechanized farming works best in the flat bottom valleys of the lowlandTo the south, in the terraced hills in Zhejiang province an olderand simpler lifestyle persistsIt's in the morningand Longxian's most successful business man is off to workIn the golden terraces surrounding the village the ears of rice are plump and right for harvesting But today, rice isn't at the most in Mr Yang's mind He has bigger fish to fryFurther at valley, the harvest has already began Yang's fields are ripe toobut they haven't been drained yetThat's because for him, rice is not the main crop The baskets he's carried up the hillside give a clue to Yang's businessBut before he starts workhe needs to let some water out of the system As the water level dropsthe mystery is revealedgolden cubLongxian villages discoverd the benefits of transferring wild caught cub into theirpaddy fields long agoThe tradition has been going on herefor at least yearsAs the water level in the paddy dropsbamboo gate stop the fish's escapingThe beauty of this farming methodis that it delivers two cropsfrom the same field at the same timefishand riceSmart ecology like thisis what enables China to be largely self-s<fontcolor=ffffcc>ufficient in foodeven todayBack in the villageYang has his own smoke housewhere he preserves his fish ready for marketLongxian cub have unusually soft scalesand a very delicate flavorperhaps as a result of the local waterMeanwhile, outside the smoke housethere is something fishy going onTo mark the harvestthe village is staging a partyChildren from Longxian schoolhave spent weeks preparing for their big moment Everyone from the community is here to support them The rice growing cycle is complete By Novembernorthern China is becoming distinctly chillybut the south is still relatively warm and welcoming Accross the vast expanse of Poyang lakethe birds are gatheringTundra swans are long-distance migrant from northern Siberia To the Chinese, they symbolize the essence of natural beauty The Poyang Lake Nature Reserve offers winter refuge to more than a quarter of a million birdsfor than speciescreating one of southern China's finest wildlife experiences Thelast birds to arrive at Poyangare those which have made the longest journey to get here All the way from the arctic coast of SiberiaThe Siberian Crane, known in China, the White Crane is seen as a symbol of good luckEach year, almost the entire world population of these critically endangered birdsmake a km round tripto spend the winter at PoyangLike the white cranesmany of southern China's unique animals face pressure from exploitation andcompetition with peopleover space and resourcesBut if China is leaving proof of anythingit is that wildlife is surprisingly resilientGien the right helpeven the rarest creatures can return from the brinkIf we show the will naturewill find the way.。

BBC拍摄——美丽中国视频英文字幕CD4（上）

BBC拍摄——美丽中国视频英⽂字幕CD4（上）The great wall of China was built by the Han Chinese to keep out the nomadic tribes from the north . They called these people barbarians , and their lands were considered barren and uninhabitable . Northern China is indeed a harsh place of terrible winters , ferocious summers , parched deserts . But it’s far from lifeless . With colorful places , surprising creatures , amazing people and strange landscapes . The further we travel, the more extreme it becomes . So how do people and wildlife cope with the hardships and challenges of life beyond the wall ?Music ….Wild China --- Beyond the Great WallThe northern limits of Ancient China were defined by the Great Wall which meanders for nearly 5,000 kilometers from east to west . The settle Han people of the Chinese heartland were invaded many times by warlike tribes from the north . The Great Wall was built to protect the Han Chinese from the invasion . To meet those fearsome northerners and the wild creatures who share their world , we must leave the shelter of the Wall and travel into the unknown . Northeast China was known historically as Manchuria . Its upper reaches are on the same latitudes as Paris but in winter it is one of the coldest , most hostile places on the planet . Bitter winds from Siberia regularly bring temperatures of 40 degrees below zero . Dense forests of evergreen trees cover these lands . And the rugged terrain is made even more difficulty by impenetrable ravines .We start our journey on a frozen river snaking between China’s northeasternmost corner and Siberia . The Chinese call it the Black Dragon River . The people who live here aren’t exactly fearsome warriors . They’re too busy coping with the harsh winter conditions and they respond to the challenge in some creative ways . The Black Dragon River is home to one of the smallest ethnic groups in China . The Hezhe People . It’s not just bicycles that seem out of place in this icy world . Fishing boats and nets lie abandoned , a long way from open water . Underneath a meter of solid ice swim a huge variety of fish , including 500-pound sturgeon , enough to feed a family of Hezhe for weeks . But how can they catch their quarry ? First they must chisel a hole through the ice to reach the water below . Then they need to set their fishing net under the ice , a real challenge . A second hole is made , 20 metres away from the first and a weighted string is dropped in . Then , a long bamboo pole is used to hook the string and pull the net into the position beneath the ice . After a few days , the nets are checked . These days , almost nobody catches a rare giant sturgeon . The Black Dragon River has been overfished like so many others . But even these smaller fish are a welcome catch . Frozen within seconds , the fish are guaranteed to stay fresh for the wobby cycle ride home . (冰窟捕鱼)The forests that lie south of the Black Dragon River are bound up in snow for more than half the year . It’s deathly silent . Most of the animals here are either hibernating or have migrated south for the winter . But there is an exception . Wild boars roam the forests of the northeast . Like the Hezhe people , the boars find it difficult to gather food in winter . To survive , they follow their noses , among the keenest in the animal kingdom . They will eat almost anything they unearth . But one energy-rich food source is particularly valued . Walnuts . When a lucky boar finds a walnut , there’s bound to be trouble . But despite the squabbles , wild boars are social animals and together in groups . Staying close together may help them to keep warm in the extreme cold . But there is another reason for group living . More ears to listen out for danger . (野猪)Siberian tigers also live in these forests . But these days , only in captivity . There maybe less than a dozen wild Siberian tigers in China . Though there are many more in breeding centers . This enclosure at Hengdaohezi started breeding tigers in 1986 to supply bones and body parts for the Chinese medicine market . Trade in tiger parts was banned in China in the 1990s and the breeding center is now just a tourist attraction . (西伯利亚虎)The forests of the northeast stretch to where the Chinese , Russian and Mongolian borders meet . Here , a surprising herd of animals is on the move . The reindeer were introduced to China hundreds of years ago by the nomadic Ewenki people who came here from Siberia . It’s late April , and the women are calling in their reindeer , which are semi-wild , and have spent all winter away in the forest . This is a very special relationship . Each reindeer has its own name and many were hand-reared by these women . Finally reunited after months apart , they will now remain together until autumn . The Ewenki women are anxious to check the condition of their animals and to see which of the reindeer might be pregnant . Eighty-one-year-old Maliya Suo is one of only 30 Ewenki people still living the nomadic life in these cold northern lands . Almost all her fellow Ewenki have given up the forest life to settled in concrete houses in modern cities . The reindeer herders are now almost as rare as wild Siberia tigers . There’s about to be a new addition to the family . The women act as midwives to the newborn calves , helping to nuture them through their first precious minutes of life . But the world around them is changing fast . This could be the last generation this ancient partnership will endure . This is hard to imagine pf the dangerous tribal people that the Great Wall was built to keep at bay . (鄂温克族牧⼈)Along China’s border with North Korea is this region’s most famous mountain , Changbaishan . It’s name means Ever-White and it harbours the world’s highest volcanic lake . Even in mid-May there is still ice everywhere . But there are signs that the seasons are changing . Warmer winds arrive from the south , and within a few short weeks Changbai Mountain is transformed . Water begins to flow down the mountainside once more , replenishing the landscape . It’s June , and insects emerge to take advantage of the abundance of flowers . The warm weather sees the arrival of migrant birds . Stonechats that have spent the winter in the south of China return here to raise their chicks . With so many insects around , the stonechats may have several broods . Heading west from Changbai Mountain , the forests give way to rolling grasslands . (长⽩⼭)The Great Wall stretches off into the distance , defining the southern limits of the vast Mongolian Steppe . North of the Wall are huge areas of grasslands but one place on our journey is particularly significant . In the tall grass , a family of red foxes is raising its cubs . Today they have this meadow pretty much to themselves . But it wasn’t always the case . Eight centuriesago , this place would have been teeming with people . Now these ruins in a field a short distance from Beijing are all that remains of the great city of Xanadu , once the summer capital of China . Within these walls it is said that the leader of the Mongolians , the mighty Kublai Khan , welcomed Marco Polo to China . Mongolian warriors established the greatest empire in history , stretching to the borders of Europe . Fear of this warrior tribe is the main reason the Han Chinese built the Great Wall . The cornerstone of the Mongolian’s supremacy was their relationship with horses . This is what brought them such success in war . The Mongolian raiders traveled light , and rode with spare horses so they could move huge distances , strike and then retreat quicker than their opponents . At the heart of Mongolian culture is horse racing . The annual Nadam Festival , held each July is a chance for young Mongolians to show off their horsemanship . It’s said that Mongolians people are born in the saddle . Even as children . they are consummate riders . Horsemanship was the core of the Mongolians’ success as warriors in the past , and is central to their lives as nomads today . In an area of grassland known as Bayanbulak , families of nomadic Mongolians are gathering . The name Bayanbulak means “rich headwaters ” and they’ve come here to set up temporary homes to graze their livestock on the lush summer pastures . The search for fresh fodder for their animals keeps them on the go and being able to move home so easily is a real advantage . It takes only a few minutes for the Mongolian family to set up their yurts .(蒙古游牧民族)But the Mongolians don’t have this place all to themselves . The rich resources also attract a huge variety of birds . Demoiselle cranes , wading birds and waterfowl migrate here from all over Asia , drawn to the rivers and wetlands fed by glacial meltwater from nearby mountains . This place is known in China as Swan Lake . It’s the world’s most important breeding site for whooper swans , and arguably , mosquitoes as well . The pastures at Swan Lake provide endless amounts of lush grass for birds to nest in and for livestock to eat . It would seem there’s plenty for everybody . But occasionally they can get too close for comfort . Eight hundred years ago , the Mongolians were the most feared people on earth . But they have a spiritual side as well . The birds of Swan Lake have little cause to worry . The Mongolians protect the swans , and venerate them , calling them birds of God . (天鹅湖)The Great Wall’s journey through northern China continues westward bisecting a landscape that becomes increasingly parched . Our journey has brought us halfway across northern China and the grasslands are becoming hot , dry and desolate . Wandering these wastes are creatures that look more African than Asian . These are goitered gazelles , skittish and easily startled . When threatened by danger , they’re as fast as a racehorse . But in this intense heat , they favour a gentler pace . There’s little standing water here , but the gazelles have a remarkable ability to extract moisture from dry grass . Although finding enough worth eating keeps them constantly on the move . Even out here in the semi-deserts , the Wall continues its long march . Here it’s made of little more than compacted earth . But with hardly any rain falling , it’s suffered very little erosion over the centuries . Hundreds of thousands of people lost their lives building it . Yet it seems hard to believe that anyone felt that these distant wastelands needed protecting . But the Wall still has one final surprise . This is Jiayuguan , the mighty fortress in the desert . Built in the Ming dynasty over 600 years ago , legend says that the construction of the fortress was so meticulously planned that 100,000 bricks were specially made and only one brick was left unused . This fortress marks the end of the Great Wall of China . The greatest man-made barrier on earth . (长城外荒凉、嘉峪关)But ahead lies an even more formidable barrier . A vast no-man’s land of deserts that stretch westward to the border of Central Asia . Jiayuguan Fortress was considered to be the last outpost of Chinese civilization . Beyond this point lay utter desolation . China’s largest desert , the Taklamakan , lies out there . It’s name been translated as “You go in , and you never come out . ” This is a place of intense heat , abrasive wind-blown sand totally hostile to life . Yet there was a route through the desert . For those brave enough to risk their lives for it . People were lured into the horrors of the deserts because the Chinese had a secret so powerful that it change the course of history . The key to that secret lies in the distant past . Legend has it that around 5,000 years ago , a prince was walking in her garden when something fell into her tea cup . A magical thread was extracted and it became more prized than gold or jade . The thread was silk . Incredibly , such a beautiful substance and all the history behind it comes from a humble little insect . The silkworm . Silk moths lay several hundred eggs , and the tiny caterpillars that emerge eat noting but mulberry leaves . After 50 days of gluttony they’ve grown 10,000 times heavier . By this stage , 25% of their body mass is made of silk glands . In the process of turning into adult moths , they spin a cocoon from a single strand of silk which can be over 1,000 meters long . It was legendary strength and brightness of silk fibres that made it so sought after . For over 5,000 years , people built great fortunes and mighty kingdoms on these delicate threads . And the desert routes those ancient trade took became the fabled Silk Road . The principle of extracting raw silk hasn’t changed since its discovery . Harvested cocoons are dropped into boiling water which unravels the long filaments . These are then gathered and spun into raw silk thread . Here at Hotan , on the ancient Silk Road , silk weaving is still a cottage industry , done the old-fashioned way on wooden looms . (塔克拉玛⼲沙漠、丝绸之路、蚕丝)。

Wild China1-12美丽中国中英文字幕

Beneath billowing clouds,在翻騰的雲霧之下 3 in China's far southwestern Yunnan province,處在中國西南邊境的雲南省 4 lies a place of mystery and legend.是個充滿神秘與傳奇的地方 5 Of mighty rivers and some ofthe oldest jungles in the world.這裏有浩瀚的河川与世上年代最悠久的森林 6 Here, hidden valleys nurture strangeand unique creatures,隱密的溪谷培育出不可思議与罕見珍奇的生物7 and colorful tribal cultures.和多采多姿的民族文化8 Jungles are rarely found thisfar north of the tropics.離熱帶地區這麼遠的北邊森林是很罕見的景觀9 So, why do they thrive here?那麼此區為何會有茂盛的森林？10 And how has this rugged landscape e to harbor the greatest natural wealth in all China?這麼惡劣的地理環境是如何庇護全中國最重要的自然資源？14 In the remote southwest corner of China,在中國西南方的偏僻角落一個慶典即將舉行15 a celebration is about to take place.16 Dai people collect water forthe most important festival of their year.傣人為他們一年中最重要的節慶取水17 The Dai call themselves the people of the water.傣族人自稱為水鄉之人18 Yunnan's river valleys have been their homefor over 2,000 years.兩千多年來他們一直以雲南的河谷為家19 By bringing the river water to the temple,他們將河水帶到佛寺20 they honor the two things holiest to them -以河水浴佛來體現他們認為最神聖的兩件事21 Buddhism and their home. 佛教與家庭23 The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertilelands which have nurtured their culture.傣族以此敬謝河川與良地豐富了他們的文化與生活25 Though to some it might seem just an excusefor the biggest water fight of all time.也許對某些人來說這個潑水儀式只是藉口讓他們打場最過癮的水戰27 Dai lives are changingas towns get bigger and modernize由於城鎮的擴大与都市化傣族的生活形態正逐漸改變28 but the Water Splashing Festivals still celebrated by all.但大家仍會慶祝潑水節29 The rivers which lie at the heart ofDai life and culture河川深深影響傣族的生活和文化30 flow from the distant mountains of Tibet,河流源自遙遠的某某高山31 southward through central Y unnanin great parallel gorges.往南流經雲南中部穿越重重的巨大峽谷32 The Dai now live in the borders of tropicalVietnam and Laos,如今傣族居住在鄰近越南與泰國的熱帶地區33 but their legends tell ofhow their ancestors came here但他們的傳奇故事敍述了祖先如何沿著河流34 by following the rivers from mountain landsin the cold far north.從遙遠寒冷的北方高地來到這裏35 Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas,橫斷山脈位於喜瑪拉雅山最東邊36 the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan'snorthern border with Tibet.是雲南北方與某某的邊界37 Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage.橫斷山脈的頂峰卡瓦格博雪山是朝聖的聖地38 Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered.然而它令人畏懼的山頂至今無人能征服39 Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible.雲南群山偏僻、崎嶇，人類很難接近40 Here the air is thin and temperaturescan drop below minus 40 degrees.這裏的空氣稀薄溫度能降到零下40度42 This is home to an animal that's foundnowhere else on Earth.但地球上有某種動物卻只生活在這裏43 The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.雲南金絲猴44 It's found only in thesefewisolated mountain forests.它們只在這些孤立的山林出沒45 No other primate lives at such high altitudes.沒有其他的靈長類動物能居住在這麼高的海拔46 but these are true specialists.它們是真正的專家47 These ancient mountain dwellershave inspired legends.這些古老的山居動物造就許多傳奇故事48 Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors, 俚索族視它們為自己的祖先50 calling them "the wild men of the mountains".稱它們為山中野人51 During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.遇上大雪時期就連這些森林專家也無法覓食52 It seems a strange place for a monkey.這對猴子來說似乎是個奇怪的居住地53 Between snows, the monkeys wasteno time in their search for food.雪一停歇，這些猴子立刻把握時間去尋找食物54 At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat. 在這高度很少有果子与嫩葉可吃56 90% of their diet is made up ofthe fine dry wisps of a curious organism.它們九成的食物來自一種很像束狀乾草的奇怪有機物體58 Half fungus, half plant -it's lichen.半菌半植物的地衣59 How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle,按理該住在低地森林的猴子60 e to live such aremote mountain existence?怎麼會跑來住在偏遠的山區？61 This is not the only remarkableanimal found within theseisolated high peaks.在這些孤絕的顶峰之中還有更多奇特的動物62 A Chinese red panda.一隻中國紅色熊貓63 Solitary and quiet, it spends muchof its time in the tree tops.生性安靜獨居大部份的時間都在樹上64 Despite its name,不管其名65 the red panda is only a very distantrelative of the giant panda.紅色熊貓只是大熊貓的遠親66 It's actually more closelyrelated to a skunk.它跟臭鼬反而有較近的血緣關係67 But it does share the giantpanda's taste for bamboo.但它確實跟大熊貓一樣喜歡吃竹葉68 Southwest China's red pandas areknown for their very strongfacial markings中國西南方的紅色熊貓以明顯的臉部斑紋聞名69 which distinguishthem from red pandas foundanywhere else in the Himalayas.這和其他生活在喜馬拉雅山的紅色熊貓大不一样70 Like the monkeys, they wereisolated in these high forests就像金絲猴一樣它們也被孤立在這些高海拔森林71 when the mountains quiteliterally rose beneath them這是因為近代地質史上的造山運動72 in the greatest mountain-buildingevent in recent geological history.將它們腳下的山地整個托起拔高73 Over the last 30 million years,在過去三千萬年74 the Indian subcontinent has beenpushing northwards into Eurasia.印度板塊一直向北推擠歐亞大陸板塊75 On the border between India and Tibet位於某某與印度邊界的岩石76 the rocks have been raisedeight kilometers above sea level,已經被推升到高達海平面8公里77 creating the world's highestmountain range, the Himalayas.造就出世上最高的喜馬拉雅山脈78 But to the east,但往東方看去79 the rocks have buckled into a seriesof steep north-south ridges,連綿的山岩形成南北向的懸崖峭壁80 cutting down through theheart of Yunnan,直接深入雲南中心81 the parallel mountains ofthe Hengduan Shan.平行的橫斷山脈82 These natural barriers serve toisolate Yunnan's plants and animals這些天然屏障阻絕了雲南境內的動植物互通有無83 in each adjacent valley.每個山谷幾乎都自成一區84 While the hugetemperaturerange between the snowy peaks這裏的溫差很大，上面是積雪的山峰85 and the warmer slopes below下方是溫暖的緩坡86 provides a vast array ofconditions for life to thrive.氣候的多元性讓各種生命得以欣欣向榮87 Through spring,整個春季88 the Hengduan slopes stage one ofChina's greatest natural spectacles.橫斷山脈的山坡呈現中國最壯觀的自然風光89 The forests here are among the mostdiverse botanical areas in the world.這裏的森林蘊藏全世界最豐富的植物品種90 Over 18,000 plant species grow here,1萬8千多種植物有3千種是其他地區沒有的91 of which 3,000 are foundnowhere else.92 Until little more than a century ago,this place was unknown outside China.還不到一百年前這裏是不為外界所知的93 But then news reached the West但後來消息傳到西方94 of a mysterious, hiddenworld of the orient.原來東方還有這麼一個神秘、不為人知的世界95 Hidden among the mountains,a lost Shangri-la paradise.隱藏在群山中的世外桃源96 Western high society, in the gripof a gardening craze,西方上流社會的園藝熱潮97 was eager for exotic speciesfrom faraway places.讓他們渴望遙遠國度的奇花異草98 This gave rise to a newbreed of celebrity adventurers,引領新一代的名人探險風99 intrepid botanist-explorersknown as "the Plant Hunters".大膽的植物學家勘探者亦稱為植物獵人100 Yunnan became their Holy Grail.雲南成了他們的聖杯101 Indiana JonesThe most famous was Joseph Rock,a real life Indiana Jones.最知名的是喬瑟夫拉克現實生活中的印第安那鐘斯102 Remarkable film footage captured hisentourage on a series of expeditions,卓越的記錄片記錄他和同伴一系列的遠征104 as they pushed into thedeepest corners of Yunnan.進入雲南最深的角落105 In glorious color he recordedthe plant life he found他用特別照相玻璃板106 on special photographic glass plates.記錄五彩繽紛的植物107 Sending thousands ofspecimens back to the West,把數千種樣本送回西方108 the Plant Hunters changed thegardens of the world forever.植物獵人一舉改變了世界的花園109 Rock's success was bornof a massive effort.拉克的成功來自他的努力以赴110 For, to find his Shangri-la,為了找到香格里拉111 not only had he to traverseendless mountain ranges,他不只橫越數不清的山脈112 but some of the deepestgorges in the world.還跨越一些世上最深的峽谷113 The Nujiang is calledThe Angry River.怒江被稱之為忿怒的河流114 This 300-kilometre stretchof raging rapids這條300公里的湍急河流115 is as much a barrier to lifeas are the mountains above.如上述的山脈一樣成為許多生物的屏障116 WA VES CRASH117 But the plant hunters weren't thefirst people to travel here.但是植物獵人不是最早到此地的人118 Along the Nujiang,沿著怒江119 less than 30 rope crossings allowlocals passage across the torrents.會發現不到30條的繩子吊索讓當地人渡過洪流120 Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes.小小村莊緊帖著山坡地121 This morning, it's market day,今早是市集日122 drawing people from upand down the valley.山坡上下的居民紛紛出門123 PIG OINKS124 GOAT BLEATS125 Hanging from simple rope slings,吊在吊索上126 people have been using the crossingsformany hundreds of years.這已是人們幾百年渡江的老辦法127 In such narrow, precipitous gorges在這麼狹窄的險峻峭壁128 it's by far the easiestway to get around.這是最容易的交通方式129 Once across, the steepsides mean it's still a hike.一旦渡過陡峭的山坡意味著還有一段徒步130 Many trek for hours byfoot before they get to the market.許多人要徒步幾個小時才到市場131 The immense valley ishome to over a dozen ethnic groups.這無邊無際的山谷聚集超過12個少數民族132 Some, like the Nu people,are found only here.像怒族就只生活在此區133 The markets bring themountain tribes together.市集讓山上的族群聚在一起134 To continue his expeditions,為了繼續探險135 Rock had to get his entire entourageacross the giant Y unnan rivers.拉克必須讓全隊通過浩瀚的雲南大河136 He missioned especially thickropes made from forest rattan他以樹藤做的粗繩為輔137 and filmed the entire event.並拍攝整個過程138 With yak butter to smooth the ride,40 men and 15 mules made the journey.利用犛牛油使過程平順40個人与15只騾上路了139 Not all made it across.並不是每個人都過140 On the far side of thegreat Nujiang gorge,在怒江峽谷遙遠的另一邊141 the Plant Huntersmade a remarkable discovery.植物獵人有個很棒的發現142 Far from the tropics,雖然遠離熱帶143 they seemed to be entering a steamy,vibrant tropical jungle,他們似乎進入了充滿蒸氣與生氣的熱帶雨林144 the forest of Gaoligongshan.高黎貢山的森林145 The flora here is unlikeanywhere else in the world.這裏的植物不像世界其他地方146 Next to subtropical species,alpine plants grow in giant form.緊臨亞熱帶植物的是生長茂盛的高山區植物147 Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons,up to 30 meters high.萬綠森中點點紅那是高達30公尺的杜鵑花148 In April and May, their flowersturn the forests ruby red,杜鵑花在4、5月染紅翠綠的森林149 attracting bird speciesfound only here.150 吸引只在此地生長的鳥類151 Constant moisture in the airmeans that the branches are ladenwith flowering epiphytes,空氣中充滿了濕氣152 樹枝開滿美麗的花朵153 fiercely guarded by tiny sunbirds,unique to these valleys.山谷有種獨特的小太陽鳥極力保護這些花森154 Nectar feeders, these are the hummingbirds of the Old World tropics.它們採集花蜜155 這些蜂鳥穿梭在東方世界的熱帶地區156 The forests of Gaoligongshan are hometo some of China's rarest wildlife.高黎貢山的森林有許多中國最罕見的珍禽異獸157 This is a female Temminck's Tragopan.這是母的紅腹角雉158 She has a colorful male admirer.它的愛慕者鮮豔奪目159 He's hoping to woo her with hispeculiar peekaboo display希望以獨特的偷窺方式贏得佳人芳心160 but she's not about to be rushed.但母雉不急著表態161 His colorful skin wattlereflects more light than feathers do.公雉鮮豔的肉垂比羽毛還亮眼162 To her, this is like a neon sign.對母雉來說就像個霓虹燈163 Seeing his chance,the male makes his move.公雉看到機會馬上行動164 Constant moisture inthe Gaoligongshan forests高黎貢山森林的濕氣165 means that throughout the yearthere are always fruits on the trees.讓樹木終年結實累累166 Such abundance of food encouragesa high diversity of fruit eaters167 豐沛的食物遠勝於一般熱帶林地168 more monly found in the tropics.所以也聚集各式各樣的食果動物169 The black giant squirrel is foundonly in undisturbed rainforest.巨松鼠只生活在這片原始的雨林170 At close to a metre in length, it'sone of the world's largest squirrels.它長達1尺171 是世上最大的松鼠172 The mystery is that these forestsare growing well outside the tropics.奇怪的是這些森林竟在熱帶地區以外茂盛生長173 By rights, none of this jungle,or its animals, should be here.按理說這些森林和動物不應該在此174 These are bear macaques.這是熊猴175 They're found only intropical and sub-tropical jungle.只居住在熱帶与亞熱帶森林176 With a tiny home range ofjust a few square kilometers,生活範圍只有幾平方公里177 they depend on the abundant fruit它們需要進食大量果子178 that only true rainforestscan provide all year round.只有真正的雨林才能終年提供如此數量179 To the European plant hunters,對於歐洲的植物獵人來說這些北方的雨林180 these northern rainforests must haveseemed a fantastic andmysterious lost world.181 簡直就像奇幻神秘的遺忘世界182 Yet, when they came here, they wouldhave found beautifully constructedancient stone pathways但當他們到此183 卻發現精心鋪設的古老石路184 on which the forestcould be explored.已經伸入森林之中185 Winding westwards into the hills,蜿蜒通往西邊山坡186 these were once some of the mostimportant highways in Asia,這曾經是亞洲最重要的公路187 the southwestern tea and silk road.西南方的茶與絲路188 Built thousands of years ago,這條西南茶絲之路建於幾千年前189 the southwestern tea and silk roadgave access to the worldbeyond China's borders,190 連接中國和境外的世界191 carrying tradesmen and travelersfrom as far away as Rome.帶來遠自羅馬的商人与旅客192 Wars were fought over accessto this tiny path,過去為了爭奪這條小路引發不少戰爭193 the only sure route inor out of China,畢竟這是唯一得以進出中國194 that was guaranteed tobe clear of snow all year round.又保證終年無雪的通道195 So, what causes Gaoligongshan'sstrange and remarkable climate?是什麼造成高黎貢山奇怪又獨特的氣候？196 In late May, gusts of wind arrive,5月下旬的強勁季風197 bringing with them the key toGaoligongshan's mystery.足以解開高黎貢山的神秘面紗198 The winds are hotand saturated with water.風很熱而且充滿了水份199 They e all the wayfrom the Indian Ocean.一路從印度洋吹來200 Channeled by Yunnan'sunique geography,因雲南獨特的縱谷地形201 they bring with them themoisture of the tropical monsoon.帶來熱帶梅雨季節的濕氣202 The giant river valleys,created millions of years ago,幾百萬年前形成的高山縱穀203 act like immense funnels.就像是巨大的漏斗204 The gorges are so deep and narrow,這些溪穀又深又窄205 that the moist warm air is drivenright up into the north of Yunnan.促使濕暖空氣直接進入雲南北部206 The result is rain, in torrents!結果是大雨如注！207 Four months of daily rainstormssustain luxuriant vegetation.連續4個月的暴雨讓植物茂盛生長208 The arrival of the monsoon梅雨季節的來臨喚醒209 awakens one of the forest'smost extraordinarymoisture-loving inhabitants.森林中最愛濕氣的動物210The crocodile newt is one ofthe most unusual of the manyamphibian species found here.鱷魚蠑是一種兩棲動物211 也是其他地方找不到的奇特生物212 As the rains arrive,they emerge to mate.當梅雨降臨，蠑螈開始交配213 The newts are said toleave an odour trail thatpotential mates can follow.據說它們會留下氣味蹤跡214 讓未來的伴侶得以尋跡而至215 The crocodile newt gets its namefrom the bumps along its back.鱷魚蠑因背部的突起而得名216 These are its defense.那是它的防禦系統217 If grabbed by a potential predator,如果被潛伏的食肉動物抓住218 the tips of its ribs squeeze adeadly poison from the bumps.肋骨的尖端就會從凸塊釋放致命毒液219 The deluge wakesanother forest inhabitant.洪水喚醒另一個森林居住者220 This one is particularlyastounding in its vigor!它有特別驚人的活力！221 It can grow up to a meter day,一天能長1公尺222 fast overtaking the otherplants around it.很快就追上周遭的植物223 The taller it grows,the faster its growth rate,它長得越高，生長速度就越快224 so that in a matter of days ittowers above the undergrowth,所以一天之內就比矮樹森高225 and continues reaching for the sky.繼續朝天空發展226 Not bad for what isessentially a grass.對禾本科植物來說這樣的速度還不賴227 It's bamboo.這就是竹子！228 Given the chance,如果有機會竹子會發展成很大的林子229 bamboo will create immense forests,dominating entire areas.230 佔領整個區域231 Bamboo forests occuracross southwest China,竹林主要生長在中國西南方232 all the way to Shanghai.一直到某某233 But probably the highest diversityof bamboos in the world但世界上竹子種類最多的地方234 is found on the hillsand valleys of Yunnan.還是在雲南的山谷235 Though incredibly strong,bamboos have hollow stems,雖然竹子很堅韌，但中心是空的236 a perfect shelter for anycreatures which can find a way in.對任何能找到方法進入的生物是最优的庇護所237 This entrance holewas made by a beetle入口是被甲蟲弄的238 but it's being used by avery different animal.但卻被完全不同的動物所使用239 A bamboo bat.竹蝙蝠！240 The size of a bumblebee, it's oneof the tiniest mammals in the world.如蜜蜂的大小241 是世上最小的哺乳動物242 The entire colony, up to 25 bats,整群可住到25只243 fits into a single section ofbamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup.通通擠入一段竹節裏244 比茶杯小245 It's quite a squeeze!還蠻會擠的！246 Half the colony are babies.一半都是幼獸247 Though barely a week old, they arealready almost as big as their mums.雖然只有一個星期大248 它們已經跟媽媽一樣大249 Feeding such a fast-growingbrood is hard work.養一窩生長如此迅速的孩子實在很辛苦250 The mums leave to huntjust after dusk each night.蝙蝠媽媽每天傍晚後出去獵食251 Back in the roost,the young are left on their own.寶寶被留在竹節的窩巢裏252 Special pads on their wings help themto grip on the bamboo walls -翅膀上的肉趾幫助它們緊緊抓住竹壁253 most of the time.但偶爾還是會失足254 The young bats use the extra space toprepare for a life on the wing幼蝙蝠利用多餘的空間255 用喙理毛与伸展它們的翅膀為飛行做準備256 by preening and stretching.257 Packed in like sardines, they wouldmake an easy target for a snake.它們擠得像沙丁魚258 很容易成為蛇類覬覦的目標259 But the snake has nochance of getting in.但是蛇沒機會進入260 The entrance is thinnerthan the width of a pencil.入口的大小比鉛筆還細261 When the mothers return,當母蝙蝠回巢後262 they can push through the narrowentrance only because oftheir unusually flattened skulls.它們能擠過那窄小的門263 因為它們有特殊的扁骨架264 But it's still a squeeze.但還是需要擠一下265 Bamboos are exploited in a verydifferent way by another forest dweller.另外一群森林居民266 以不同方式善用竹林267 Fresh bamboo shoots arean important forest crop.新鮮竹筍是森林重要產物268 Ai Lao Xiang is of the Hani tribe,謝阿泰來自梅山的哈尼族269 from the mountain village of Mengsong.270 Roasted, the tender shoots hegathers will make a tasty dish.採集的竹筍在烤過會很好吃271 The Hani have many uses for thedifferent bamboos they growand find in the forest around.哈尼族懂得物盡其用272 對野生和自種的竹有不同的處置273 Though flexible enough to be woven,雖然竹子柔軟到可以編織274 bamboo has a highertensile strength than steel.但它比鐵有更強的韌性275 Succulent when young,幼筍鮮美多汁成熟的竹子结实耐用276 in maturity it's tough and durable,ideal for making a table277 做成桌子最理想了278 and strong enough for a pipe to last a lifetime.279 做出煙管一輩子也不會壞280 The people of southwest China中國西南方的人們發明許多非凡的方法281 have found an extraordinary number ofways to exploit this mostversatile of plants.282 來利用這多用途的植物283 THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE LANGUAGE284 Part of bamboo's phenomenal success竹子這麼厲害有部份原因是285 is that it's so toughthat few animals can tackle it.很少動物能突破它的堅韌286 Yet, bamboo does e under attack.但是竹子還是會被攻擊287 A bamboo rat.竹鼠288 Feeding almost exclusively on bamboo,專門吃竹子289 they live their entire lives intunnels beneath the forest.它們一生都住在森林底下的隧道290 The thinner species of bambooare easy to attack and pull below.越細小的竹科越容易被攻擊然後被拉到地下291 She has a fantastic sense of smell它的嗅覺非常靈敏292 and can sniff out the freshgrowth through the soil.能在土裏嗅出新生竹293 Bamboo spreads along underground stems.竹子是由地底紮根而生294 By following these, new shoots are found.隨根部就能找到新生筍295 Once a shoot is detected,一旦筍子被發現296 she snips it free and dragsit down into her burrow.它馬上咬斷拖到洞穴裏297 This female has a family.這只母鼠有家累298 At just a few weeks old,只有幾個禮拜大299 the youngsters can already tacklethe hardest bamboo stems這些幼鼠已經能應付最硬的竹莖300 and are eager to try.還很樂意去試301 Bamboo's tough reputation is such,竹子以過人的韌性聞名另一位專家因為能啃食竹子302 that another bamboo specialist wasknown by the Chinese as,"The Iron Eating Animal".303 被中國人稱為食鐵動物304 The giant panda is famousfor its exclusive diet.大熊貓是以專吃竹子而知名的305 Giant pandas are thought tohave originated in southwestChina, millions of years ago,據說幾百萬年前306 起源于中國西南方307 but they are no longerfound in Yunnan.但如今在雲南已經找不到了308 Recently, their specialized diet has had dire consequences.最近它們偏愛的食物呈現緊迫的狀態309 Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle,竹子的生命週期很特別310 flowering infrequently, sometimesonly once every hundred years or so.不常開花311 有時一百年才一次312 But when flowering does occur,it's on a massive scale,但一旦開花，就會大規模盛開313 and it's followed by thedeath of all of the plants.最後整株死亡314 Sometimes an entirebamboo forest may die.有時整片竹林都死了315 In undisturbed habitat, pandassimply move to another area在不受干擾的生態區熊貓只要遷移到另一區就好了316 where a different bamboo species grows.那裏還有不同的竹子317 But as human activity has fragmentedtheir forest home,但人類的活動已截斷它們的棲息地318 pandas find it increasingly hard tofind large enough areasin which to survive.熊貓越來越難找到足夠的活動範圍生存319 Wild pandas are now found onlyin the forests of Central China,現在只有中國的中部還能找到野生熊貓320 far to the east.離東部已經很遠了321 But in the hidden pockets of lowlandjungle in Yunnan's tropical south,但在低地森林隱密的地區322 在雲南的熱帶南區323 live one of China'sbest-kept wildlife secrets.還秘密藏著一種野生動物324 DEEP BELLOW325 The wild Asian elephant.野生亞洲大象326 Elephants once roamed acrossChina as far north as Beijing.大象曾經遍与中國最北甚至遠与327 But it's only in the hidden valleysof Yunnan that they have survived.但現在只生活在雲南隱密的山谷中328 Elephants are thearchitects of the forest.大象是森林的建築師329 Bamboos and grasses are theirfavorite food竹子跟草是它們最愛吃的食物330 but saplings, tree leaves andtwisted lianas are alltaken, with little care.但幼樹、樹葉与藤蔓植物331 也會被它們一併拔起332 As they move through the forest,當它們穿越森林333 the elephants open up clearings,bringing light to the forest floor.等於辟清一些空地讓陽光照入森林的地面334 This has a major impact on their home.這對此區生態有很大的影響335 The richest forests are now known tobe those which from time to timeexperience change.最豐饒的森林是那些336 不時在變化的森林337 The Jinuo people are incrediblyknowledgeable about their forests基諾族對他們的森林幾乎無所不知338 and claim to have uses for most ofthe plants that they find there.聲稱他們認識大多數植物也都知道各自用法339 They have names for them all,他們替每種植物起名字340 those good for eating and some whicheven have strong medicinal qualities.這些很好吃341 有些有很強的藥效342 By working here, the Jinou playa similar role to the elephants,在這裏工作343 基諾族與大象有異曲同工之效344 opening up the forest,bringing space, light and diversity.去除森林，帶來空間、光與多元化345 Green, fast growingspecies are encouraged.所以此區的綠色植物能快速成長346 Insects are in high abundance here,昆蟲在這裏也很多347 together with the animalsthat feed on them.以昆蟲為食的動物自然也多348 Knowledge of the forest enablesthe Jinou to find not just plants,身為森林通的基諾族不但能找到植物349 but other tasty forest food too.還有其他美味的食物350 Forest crabs are mon here,feeding on the abundant leaf litter.森林蟹在這很常見它們以枯枝落葉為食物351 This will be a tastyaddition to the evening meal.這會是晚餐美味的佳餚352 Flowing through Yunnan'ssouthern valleys,流過雲南南方山谷353 the once angry riversare now swollen,曾經湍急的怒江如今進入寬廣的區域354 their waters slow and warm.水流變得緩慢溫和355 These fertile lowland valleysare the home of the Dai.這些低地水域是傣族的家356 The "People of the Water"他們沿著溪流而居357 live along streams whichoriginate in the surrounding hills.這些溪流源自周遭的山地358 Each family keeps a kitchen garden每戶人家都有菜圃359 modeled on the multi-layeredstructure of the surrounding forests,是依周遭森林地形而建的多層次建築360 which the Dai hold sacred.傣族相當崇敬這片森林361 The gardens are made more productiveby inter-planting different crops.菜圃因交叉耕作而產量增加362 Tall, sun-loving species give shelterto plants which thrive in the shade.喜日曬的高品種給予喜陰暗的植物遮蔽所363 As panions,the plants grow better.混合種植讓蔬果長得更好364 Yunnan's forests are home to morethan a dozen wild banana species雲南的森林有超過12種野生香蕉品種365 and banana crops grow wellin most Dai gardens.而傣族的菜圃也種了許多366 The huge banana flowers are richin nectar for only two hours a day,碩大的香蕉花蘊藏豐富的花蜜367 但一天只開兩個小時368 but it's enough to attract a rangeof forest insects, including hornets.但已足夠吸引許多森林昆蟲前來369 包括大黃蜂370 With their razor sharp mandibles,它們的下顎如剃刀般鋒利371 they find it easy to robthe flowers of their nectar.能輕易掠取花中的蜜汁372 But hornets are predators too.但大黃蜂也是肉食性昆蟲373 They hunt other insects andcarry them back to their nest.它們捕捉其他昆蟲，將之帶回巢穴374 An ideal target,理想的目標375 but this grasshopper is no easy meal.但這蚱蜢並非簡單的大餐376 There may be a price to pay.那是有代價的377 The Dai men, Po and Xue Ming, takeadvantage of a hunter's instincts.378 傣族人波和祟明，他們就如黃雀在後379 A hornet sting is agony.大黃蜂的蜇針是很痛的380 But for now it's distracted,intent on cutting away但現在它忙著別的事381 a piece of grasshoppersmall enough to carry back home.急迫的想要切割蚱蜢的一部份382 小得讓它帶回巢去383 Success!成功了！384 The white featherhardly slows the hornet,大黃蜂不因白色羽毛而慢下來385 and, more importantly,最重要的是遠遠就能看見它386 it can be seen.387 Now the hunter is the hunted.現在是螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在後388 So long as Po andXue Ming can keep up!但波和祟明必須跟得上389 Back at the nest,the other hornets否則等它回蜂窩390 immediately begin to cutthe feather free.其他的大黃蜂馬上割開那羽毛391 But it's too late. The nest'slocation has been betrayed.但太遲了蜂窩的所在地已經被發現！392 The relationship between the forestanimals and the people who live here森林動物與此地居民的關係393 永遠不會是和諧的394 was never one of harmony.395 Yet the fact that the Dai and otherethnic groups considered theseforests to be sacred,但是傣族與其他少數民族396 認為森林是神聖的事實確保了它們的生存397 has ensured their survival398 and now many have been givenextra protection as nature reserves.現在很多已經被列為保護區399 Ingenuity and hard workpays off at last.足智多謀與勤奮工作最後終於有報償400 The fattened larvae areconsidered a delicacy by the Dai.肥碩的幼蟲被傣族認為是美食401 Although these forests haveexperienced a great deal of change,雖然這些森林經歷過很大的變化402 they are still host to someancient and incredible relationships.它們仍能主宰一些古老与不可思議的關係403 Almost 60 centimeters high,幾乎60公分高404 this is the immense flowerof the Elephant yam.這是象芋的巨花405 Locals call it the"Witch of the Forest".當地人稱為森林女巫406 As the stars rise,the witch begins to cast her spell.當星星升起，女巫開始下咒語407 The forest temperature drops,but the flower starts to heat up.林中溫度下降，但花的溫度開始上升408 A heat sensitive camera revealsthe flower's temperature熱感攝影機顯示出花的溫度409 rising by an incredibleten degrees Celsius.開始上升攝氏10度410 At the same time, a noxious stench ofrotting flesh fills the forest air.同時一股像腐肉般的惡臭彌漫整個森林。

美丽中国第二集中英文字幕

Shangri-La香格里拉Beneath billowing clouds,翻腾的云海之下in China's far southwestern Yunnan province,在中国西南遥远的云南省lies a place of mystery and legend.有一个神秘而又充满传奇的地方Of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world.这儿有着世界上最久远的雨林以及奔腾的河流Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures,藏匿于此的河谷养育了奇异而又独特的动物and colourful tribal cultures.同时也孕育了多彩的民族风情Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics.雨林在远离热带的北部地区是罕见的So, why do they thrive here?可是为什么却得以在此茁壮成长And how has this rugged landscape come to harbourthe greatest natural wealth in all China? 为何整个中国崎岖不平的山地里却蕴藏着富饶多姿的自然财富In the remote southwest corner of China,在中国西南部的一个偏远的角落里a celebration is about to take place.即将举行一场庆典Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year.傣族人为他们一年中最重要的节日收集水The Dai call themselves the people of the water.傣族人也称自己为水之民Yunnan's river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years.云南的河谷地带是他们的两千多年来繁衍生息的故里By bringing the river water to the temple,把河水带到寺庙they honour the two things holiest to them -敬俸傣族人最神圣的两件事物Buddhism and their home.佛教和他们的家园The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture.傣族人感恩养育了傣族文化的河流以及肥沃的土地Though to some it might seem just an excuse for the biggest water fight of all time.或许这看上去只是为了打上一场大水仗的借口Dai lives are changing as towns get bigger and modernize随着小镇的发展以及现代化傣族人的生活正发生着改变but the Water Splashing Festival is still celebrated by all.泼水节依旧是众所周知的著名的傣族节日The rivers which lie at the heart of Dai life and culture河流穿越了傣族人生活与习俗的心脏地带flow from the distant mountains of Tibet,发源于西藏遥远的山脉之中southward through central Yunnan in great parallel gorges.河水向南流经了宏伟的平行峡谷中的云南中部The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos,傣族人现在居住在与越南以及老挝接壤的热带地区but their legends tell of how their ancestors came here他们的传说讲述了先辈是怎样来到这儿的by following the rivers from mountain lands in the cold far north.从寒冷而又遥远的北方山区顺流而下Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas,头枕着遥远的喜马拉雅山脉东部的末端the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan's northern border with Tibet.横断山脉构成了滇北的边界并与西藏相交Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage. 卡瓦格博峰是横断山脉之上的王冠也是圣洁朝圣者旅途的一站Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered.然而她那令人敬畏的顶点至今未被征服Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible.云南的山不但遥远而且崎岖Here the air is thin and temperatures can drop below minus 40 degrees. 这里空气稀薄而且气温能骤降至零下四十度This is home to an animal that's found nowhere else on Earth.这里是地球上独一无二的动物The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.又称扁鼻黑金丝猴即传说中的雪猴滇金丝猴的家园It's found only in these few isolated mountain forests.只有在极少数与世隔绝的山林中才能看到它们的踪影No other primate lives at such high altitudes.在如此高海拔的地区难以寻觅其它灵长类动物的踪迹but these are true specialists.这些是真正的专家These ancient mountain dwellers have inspired legends.这些出没在远古深山中的原住民有着一些通灵的传说Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors,当地的傈僳族人就把它们当作自己的祖先calling them "the wild men of the mountains".并把它们称为：“山中野老”During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.在大雪之中即使是这些专家也不能够进食It seems a strange place for a monkey.对滇金丝猴来说似乎又来到了一个新奇的地方Between snows, the monkeys waste no time in their search for food.在另一场雪到了之前滇金丝猴抓紧时间寻找食物At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat.在高海拔地区只有少数水果与嫩叶可供食用90% of their diet is made up of the fine dry wisps of a curious organism. 百分之九十的日常饮食由不常见的成捆精细干有机物组成Half fungus, half plant it's lichen.其中一半是真菌，另外一半是植物地衣How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle,提起猴子人们通常联想到的是低地雨林come to live such aremote mountain existence?缘何他们选择在偏远的山地繁衍生息呢This is not the only remarkable animal found within these isolated high peaks. 它们并非这些孤耸的高峰上唯一醒目的生命A Chinese red panda.一只中国小熊猫Solitary and quiet, it spends much of its time in the tree tops.这位沉默寡言的隐士将自己生命的大部分置于树的顶端Despite its name,抛开它的名字the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda.让小熊猫与大熊猫扯上亲戚关系是一件非常勉强的事情It's actually more closely related to a skunk.小熊猫有时在中文中也称火狐，英文中亦有FireFox既是对其的直接译名。

wildchina第二集香格里拉文本(一)

美丽中国（Wild China）第二集香格里拉Shangri-La中英文字幕文本（一）1.Beneath billowing clouds, in China's far southwestern Yunnan province, lies aplace of mystery and legend, of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world.[ 翻腾的云海之下, 处在中国西南边境的云南省是一个神秘而又充满传奇的地方, 这里有浩瀚的河川及世上年代最悠久的从林]2.Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures, and colourful tribalcultures.[隐密的溪谷培育出不可思议及罕见珍奇的生物, 和多彩多姿的名族文化]3.Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics. [离热带雨林地区这么远的北边，丛林是很罕见的景观]4.So why do they thrive here?[那么此区为何有茂盛的丛林？]5.And how has this rugged landscape come to harbour the greatest natural wealth inall China?[这么恶劣的地理环境是如何庇护中国最重要的自然环境？]6.In the remote southwest corner of China, a celebration is about to take place.[在中国西南部的偏远的角落里一场庆典即将举行]7.Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year.[傣族人为他们一年中最重要的节庆取水]8.The Dai call themselves the people of the water.[傣族人自称为水乡之人]9.Yunnan's river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years.[两千多年来他们一直以云南的河谷为家]10.By bringing the river water to the temple, they honour the two things holiest tothem, Buddhism and their home.[他们把河水带到寺庙,以河水浴佛来体现他们认为最神圣的两件事物, 佛教和家庭]11.The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured theirculture.[傣族以此敬谢河川与良地丰富了他们的文化生活]12.Though to some，it might seem just an excuse for the biggest water fight of alltime.[也许对某些人来说这个泼水仪式只是借口让他们打场最过瘾的水战] 13.Dai lives are changing as towns get bigger and modernise, but the WaterSplashing Festival is still celebrated by all. [犹豫城镇的旷达及都市化，傣族的生活形态正逐渐改变，但大家仍会庆祝泼水节]14.The rivers which lie at the heart of Dai life and culture, flow from the distantmountains of Tibet, southward through central Yunnan in great parallel gorges.[河川深深影响傣族的生化和文化，河流源自遥远的西藏高山往南流经云南中部，穿重重的巨大峡谷]15.The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos, but their legendstell of how their ancestors came here by following the rivers from mountain lands in the cold far north.[如今傣族居住在邻近越南以及老挝接壤的热带地区, 但他们的传奇讲述了祖先如何沿着河流从遥远寒冷的北方高地来到这里]16.Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas, the Hengduan Mountains formYunnan's northern border with Tibet.[横断山脉位于喜马拉雅山脉最东边，是云南北方与西藏的边界]17.Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range, is a site of holy pilgrimage.[横断山脉的顶峰卡瓦格博雪山是朝圣的圣地]18.Yet its formidable peak remains unconquered. [然而它那令人敬畏的山顶点至今无人能征服]19.Yunnan's mountains are remote, rugged and inaccessible.[云南的群山偏僻、崎岖，人类很难接近]20.Here the air is thin and temperatures can drop below minus 40 degrees.[这里空气稀薄而且气温能降到零下四十度]21.This is home to an animal that's found nowhere else on earth ，the Yunnansnub-nosed monkey.[但地球上有某种动物却只生活在这里，云南金丝猴] 22.It's found only in these few isolated mountain forests.[它们只在这些孤立的山林出没]23.No other primate lives at such high altitudes, but these are true specialists.[没有其它灵长类动物能居住在如此高海拔，它们是真正的专家]24.These ancient mountain dwellers have inspired legends.[这些古老的山居动物造就许多传奇故事]25.Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors, calling them "the wild men ofthe mountains".[俚索族视它们为自己的祖先,称它们为山中野人]26.During heavy snowfalls even these specialists cannot feed.[遇到大雪时期即使是这些专家也无法觅食]27.It seems a strange place for a monkey.[这对猴子来说似乎是个奇怪的居住地]28.Between snows, the monkeys waste no time in their search for food.[雪一停歇，这些猴子立刻就把握时间去寻找食物]29.At this altitude, there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat.[在这高度很少有果子及嫩叶可吃]30.Ninety percent of their diet is made up of the fine dry wisps of a curiousorganism.[它们九成的食物来自一种很像束状干草的奇怪邮寄物体]31.Half fungus, half plant ，it's lichen.[半菌半植物的地衣]。

(完整word版)美丽中国第二集中英文字幕

Shangri—La香格里拉Beneath billowing clouds,翻腾的云海之下in China's far southwestern Yunnan province，在中国西南遥远的云南省lies a place of mystery and legend。

有一个神秘而又充满传奇的地方Of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world.这儿有着世界上最久远的雨林以及奔腾的河流Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures，藏匿于此的河谷养育了奇异而又独特的动物and colourful tribal cultures.同时也孕育了多彩的民族风情Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics.雨林在远离热带的北部地区是罕见的So， why do they thrive here？可是为什么却得以在此茁壮成长And how has this rugged landscape come to harbourthe greatest natural wealth in all China？为何整个中国崎岖不平的山地里却蕴藏着富饶多姿的自然财富In the remote southwest corner of China,在中国西南部的一个偏远的角落里a celebration is about to take place.即将举行一场庆典Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year.傣族人为他们一年中最重要的节日收集水The Dai call themselves the people of the water.傣族人也称自己为水之民Yunnan's river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years.云南的河谷地带是他们的两千多年来繁衍生息的故里By bringing the river water to the temple，把河水带到寺庙they honour the two things holiest to them —敬俸傣族人最神圣的两件事物Buddhism and their home。

(完整word版)美丽中国(WildChina)第六集双语对照文本字幕

美丽中国（Wild China）第六集双语对照文本字幕(2012-04-21 08:03：44)美丽中国(Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭 Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起 From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14，500公里 China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史 and more than 5，000 years of history.在这个方面显示了 This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距 between China’s past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线 Today China’s eastern seaboard有七亿人口 is home to 700 million people，居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth。

然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife。

现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations，那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores？谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop—dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区 In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red—crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里 in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来 For centuries，cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇 as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁 Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.鹤因此而受到赞扬 The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望 This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the world’s most endangered species。

《美丽中国》第二集part1

Wild China (Tasting Notes)
第二集香格里拉 Shangri-La Part 1 Shangrຫໍສະໝຸດ -la, the Paradise
I. Oral Work
• 1. What do you think is the most beautiful place in China? And why? • 2. Have you travelled somewhere which is breath-taking? Please share with us one of your most unforgettable experiences. • 3. If you were given a chance to visit a place, where could it be?
New words & Expressions
8. formidable [‘fɔ:midəbl] adj. 强大的；可怕的；令人敬畏的艰难的 eg: Brazil has also been building up a formidable research effort. 巴西也在科研方面进行着卓著努力。 9. primate [‘praimeit, -mit] n. 大主教；灵长类的动物；首领 adj. 灵长目动物的；首要的 eg: Many of man's primate relatives in Africa harbour similar viruses. 许多在非洲的类人猿都携带类似的病毒。 10. dwellers ['dwɛlɚ] n. 居民，居住者 eg: How unfortunate the modern city dweller is ! 现在都市的居民多不幸！

BBC美丽中国英文字幕word第二集

Beneath billowing clouds,in China's far southwestern Yunnan province,lies a place of mystery and legend.Of mighty rivers and some ofthe oldest jungles in the world.Here, hidden valleys nurture strangeand unique creatures,and colourful tribal cultures.Jungles are rarely found thisfar north of the tropics.So, why do they thrive here?And how has this rugged landscape come to harbour the greatest natural wealth in all China?In the remote southwest corner of China,a celebration is about to take place.Dai people collect water forthe most important festival of their year.The Dai call themselves the people of the water. Yunnan's river valleys have been their homefor over , years.By bringing the river water to the temple,they honour the two things holiest to them - Buddhism and their home.The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture.Though to some it might seem just an excusefor the biggest water fight of all time.Dai lives are changingas towns get bigger and modernizebut the Water Splashing Festivalis still celebrated by all.The rivers which lie at the heart ofDai life and cultureflow from the distant mountains of Tibet, southward through central Yunnanin great parallel gorges.The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos,but their legends tell ofhow their ancestors came hereby following the rivers from mountain landsin the cold far north.Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas, the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan'snorthern border with Tibet.Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage.Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered. Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible.Here the air is thin and temperaturescan drop below minus degrees.This is home to an animal that's foundnowhere else on Earth.The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.It's found only in these fewisolated mountain forests.No other primate lives at such high altitudes. but these are true specialists.These ancient mountain dwellershave inspired legends.Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors, calling them "the wild men of the mountains". During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.It seems a strange place for a monkey.Between snows, the monkeys wasteno time in their search for food.At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat.% of their diet is made up ofthe fine dry wisps of a curious organism.Half fungus, half plant -it's lichen.How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle,come to live such aremote mountain existence?This is not the only remarkableanimal found within theseisolated high peaks.A Chinese red panda.Solitary and quiet, it spends muchof its time in the tree tops.Despite its name,the red panda is only a very distantrelative of the giant panda.It's actually more closelyrelated to a skunk.But it does share the giantpanda's taste for bamboo.Southwest China's red pandas are known for their very strongfacial markingswhich distinguishthem from red pandas foundanywhere else in the Himalayas.Like the monkeys, they wereisolated in these high forestswhen the mountains quiteliterally rose beneath themin the greatest mountain-building event in recent geological history. Over the last million years,the Indian subcontinent has been pushing northwards into Eurasia.On the border between India and Tibet the rocks have been raisedeight kilometres above sea level, creating the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas.But to the east,the rocks have buckled into a series of steep north-south ridges,cutting down through theheart of Yunnan,the parallel mountains ofthe Hengduan Shan.These natural barriers serve to isolate Yunnan's plants and animals in each adjacent valley.While the huge temperaturerange between the snowy peaksand the warmer slopes belowprovides a vast array ofconditions for life to thrive. Through spring,the Hengduan slopes stage one of China's greatest natural spectacles. The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world. Over , plant species grow here,of which , are foundnowhere else.Until little more than a century ago, this place was unknown outside China. But then news reached the Westof a mysterious, hiddenworld of the orient.Hidden among the mountains,a lost Shangri-la paradise.Western high society, in the gripof a gardening craze,was eager for exotic speciesfrom faraway places.This gave rise to a newbreed of celebrity adventurers, intrepid botanist-explorersknown as "the Plant Hunters".Yunnan became their Holy Grail. Indiana JonesThe most famous was Joseph Rock,a real life Indiana Jones. Remarkable film footage captured his entourage on a series of expeditions, as they pushed into thedeepest corners of Yunnan.In glorious colour he recordedthe plant life he foundon special photographic glass plates. Sending thousands ofspecimens back to the West,the Plant Hunters changed the gardens of the world forever.Rock's success was bornof a massive effort.For, to find his Shangri-la,not only had he to traverseendless mountain ranges,but some of the deepestgorges in the world.The Nujiang is calledThe Angry River.This -kilometre stretchof raging rapidsis as much a barrier to lifeas are the mountains above.WAVES CRASHBut the plant hunters weren't the first people to travel here.Along the Nujiang,less than rope crossings allow locals passage across the torrents. Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes. This morning, it's market day, drawing people from upand down the valley.PIG OINKSGOAT BLEATSHanging from simple rope slings, people have been using the crossings for many hundreds of years.In such narrow, precipitous gorgesit's by far the easiestway to get around.Once across, the steepsides mean it's still a hike.Many trek for hours byfoot before they get to the market. The immense valley ishome to over a dozen ethnic groups. Some, like the Nu people,are found only here.The markets bring themountain tribes together.To continue his expeditions,Rock had to get his entire entourage across the giant Yunnan rivers.He commissioned especially thick ropes made from forest rattanand filmed the entire event.With yak butter to smooth the ride, men and mules made the journey. Not all made it across.On the far side of thegreat Nujiang gorge,the Plant Huntersmade a remarkable discovery.Far from the tropics,they seemed to be entering a steamy,vibrant tropical jungle,the forest of Gaoligongshan.The flora here is unlikeanywhere else in the world.Next to subtropical species,alpine plants grow in giant form. Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons, up to metres high.In April and May, their flowersturn the forests ruby red,attracting bird speciesfound only here.Constant moisture in the airmeans that the branches are laden with flowering epiphytes,fiercely guarded by tiny sunbirds, unique to these valleys.Nectar feeders, these are the humming birds of the Old World tropics.The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of China's rarest wildlife. This is a female Temminck's Tragopan. She has a colourful male admirer.He's hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo displaybut she's not about to be rushed.His colourful skin wattlereflects more light than feathers do. To her, this is like a neon sign. Seeing his chance,the male makes his move.Constant moisture inthe Gaoligongshan forestsmeans that throughout the yearthere are always fruits on the trees. Such abundance of food encouragesa high diversity of fruit eaters more commonly found in the tropics. The black giant squirrel is found only in undisturbed rainforest.At close to a metre in length, it's one of the world's largest squirrels. The mystery is that these forestsare growing well outside the tropics.By rights, none of this jungle,or its animals, should be here. These are bear macaques.They're found only intropical and sub-tropical jungle. With a tiny home range ofjust a few square kilometres,they depend on the abundant fruit that only true rainforestscan provide all year round.To the European plant hunters,these northern rainforests must have seemed a fantastic andmysterious lost world.Yet, when they came here, they would have found beautifully constructed ancient stone pathwayson which the forestcould be explored.Winding westwards into the hills, these were once some of the most important highways in Asia,the southwestern tea and silk road. Built thousands of years ago,the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the worldbeyond China's borders,carrying tradesmen and travellers from as far away as Rome.Wars were fought over accessto this tiny path,the only sure route inor out of China,that was guaranteed tobe clear of snow all year round. So, what causes Gaoligongshan's strange and remarkable climate?In late May, gusts of wind arrive, bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshan's mystery.The winds are hotand saturated with water.They come all the wayfrom the Indian Ocean.Channelled by Yunnan'sunique geography,they bring with them themoisture of the tropical monsoon. The giant river valleys,created millions of years ago,act like immense funnels.The gorges are so deep and narrow, that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan. The result is rain, in torrents! Four months of daily rainstorms sustain luxuriant vegetation.The arrival of the monsoonawakens one of the forest'smost extraordinarymoisture-loving inhabitants.The crocodile newt is one ofthe most unusual of the many amphibian species found here.As the rains arrive,they emerge to mate.The newts are said toleave an odour trail thatpotential mates can follow.The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back. These are its defence.If grabbed by a potential predator, the tips of its ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps.The deluge wakesanother forest inhabitant.This one is particularly astounding in its vigour!It can grow up to a metre a day, fast overtaking the otherplants around it.The taller it grows,the faster its growth rate,so that in a matter of days it towers above the undergrowth,and continues reaching for the sky. Not bad for what isessentially a grass.It's bamboo.Given the chance,bamboo will create immense forests, dominating entire areas.Bamboo forests occuracross southwest China,all the way to Shanghai.But probably the highest diversityof bamboos in the worldis found on the hillsand valleys of Yunnan.Though incredibly strong,bamboos have hollow stems,a perfect shelter for anycreatures which can find a way in. This entrance holewas made by a beetlebut it's being used by avery different animal.A bamboo bat.The size of a bumblebee, it's oneof the tiniest mammals in the world. The entire colony, up to bats,fits into a single section of bamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup. It's quite a squeeze!Half the colony are babies.Though barely a week old, they are already almost as big as their mums. Feeding such a fast-growingbrood is hard work.The mums leave to huntjust after dusk each night.Back in the roost,the young are left on their own. Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls -most of the time.The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a life on the wingby preening and stretching.Packed in like sardines, they would make an easy target for a snake.But the snake has nochance of getting in.The entrance is thinnerthan the width of a pencil.When the mothers return,they can push through the narrowentrance only because oftheir unusually flattened skulls.But it's still a squeeze.Bamboos are exploited in a verydifferent way by another forest dweller.Fresh bamboo shoots arean important forest crop.Ai Lao Xiang is of the Hani tribe,from the mountain village of Mengsong. Roasted, the tender shoots hegathers will make a tasty dish.The Hani have many uses for thedifferent bamboos they growand find in the forest around.Though flexible enough to be woven,bamboo has a highertensile strength than steel.Succulent when young,in maturity it's tough and durable,ideal for making a tableand strong enough for a pipe to last a lifetime. The people of southwest Chinahave found an extraordinary number ofways to exploit this mostversatile of plants.THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE LANGUAGEPart of bamboo's phenomenal successis that it's so toughthat few animals can tackle it.Yet, bamboo does come under attack.A bamboo rat.Feeding almost exclusively on bamboo,they live their entire lives intunnels beneath the forest.The thinner species of bambooare easy to attack and pull below.She has a fantastic sense of smelland can sniff out the freshgrowth through the soil.Bamboo spreads along underground stems. By following these, new shoots are found. Once a shoot is detected,she snips it free and dragsit down into her burrow.This female has a family.At just a few weeks old,the youngsters can already tacklethe hardest bamboo stemsand are eager to try.Bamboo's tough reputation is such,that another bamboo specialist wasknown by the Chinese as,"The Iron Eating Animal".The giant panda is famousfor its exclusive diet.Giant pandas are thought tohave originated in southwestChina, millions of years ago,but they are no longerfound in Yunnan.Recently, their specialiseddiet has had dire consequences.Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle, flowering infrequently, sometimesonly once every hundred years or so.But when flowering does occur,it's on a massive scale,and it's followed by thedeath of all of the plants.Sometimes an entirebamboo forest may die.In undisturbed habitat, pandassimply move to another areawhere a different bamboo species grows. But as human activity has fragmentedtheir forest home,pandas find it increasingly hard tofind large enough areasin which to survive.Wild pandas are now found onlyin the forests of Central China,far to the east.But in the hidden pockets of lowland jungle in Yunnan's tropical south,live one of China'sbest-kept wildlife secrets.DEEP BELLOWThe wild Asian elephant.Elephants once roamed acrossChina as far north as Beijing.But it's only in the hidden valleysof Yunnan that they have survived. Elephants are thearchitects of the forest.Bamboos and grasses are theirfavourite foodbut saplings, tree leaves andtwisted lianas are alltaken, with little care.As they move through the forest,the elephants open up clearings, bringing light to the forest floor. This has a major impact on their home. The richest forests are now known to be those which from time to time experience change.The Jinou people are incredibly knowledgeable about their forestsand claim to have uses for most ofthe plants that they find there.They have names for them all,those good for eating and some which even have strong medicinal qualities. By working here, the Jinou playa similar role to the elephants, opening up the forest,bringing space, light and diversity. Green, fast growingspecies are encouraged.Insects are in high abundance here, together with the animalsthat feed on them.Knowledge of the forest enablesthe Jinou to find not just plants,but other tasty forest food too. Forest crabs are common here,feeding on the abundant leaf litter. This will be a tastyaddition to the evening meal.Flowing through Yunnan'ssouthern valleys,the once angry riversare now swollen,their waters slow and warm.These fertile lowland valleysare the home of the Dai.The "People of the Water"live along streams whichoriginate in the surrounding hills. Each family keeps a kitchen garden modelled on the multi-layered structure of the surrounding forests, which the Dai hold sacred.The gardens are made more productive by inter-planting different crops. Tall, sun-loving species give shelter to plants which thrive in the shade. As companions,the plants grow better.Yunnan's forests are home to more than a dozen wild banana speciesand banana crops grow wellin most Dai gardens.The huge banana flowers are richin nectar for only two hours a day, but it's enough to attract a rangeof forest insects, including hornets. With their razor sharp mandibles, they find it easy to robthe flowers of their nectar.But hornets are predators too.They hunt other insects andcarry them back to their nest.An ideal target,but this grasshopper is no easy meal. There may be a price to pay.The Dai men, Po and Xue Ming, take advantage of a hunter's instincts.A hornet sting is agony.But for now it's distracted,intent on cutting awaya piece of grasshoppersmall enough to carry back home. Success!The white featherhardly slows the hornet,and, more importantly,it can be seen.Now the hunter is the hunted.So long as Po andXue Ming can keep up!Back at the nest,the other hornetsimmediately begin to cutthe feather free.But it's too late. The nest'slocation has been betrayed.The relationship between the forest animals and the people who live here was never one of harmony.Yet the fact that the Dai and other ethnic groups considered theseforests to be sacred,has ensured their survivaland now many have been givenextra protection as nature reserves. Ingenuity and hard workpays off at last.The fattened larvae areconsidered a delicacy by the Dai. Although these forests have experienced a great deal of change, they are still host to someancient and incredible relationships. Almost centimetres high,this is the immense flowerof the Elephant yam.Locals call it the"Witch of the Forest".As the stars rise,the witch begins to cast her spell.The forest temperature drops,but the flower starts to heat up.A heat sensitive camera revealsthe flower's temperaturerising by an incredibleten degrees Celsius.At the same time, a noxious stench of rotting flesh fills the forest air. As the flower's heat increases,a cloud of odour rises up.The foul perfumecarries far and wide.It doesn't go unnoticed.Carrion beetles arrive on the scene. The beetles come in searchof a feast of warm decaying flesh, but they've been tricked.Slippery sides ensure they tumble straight into the centreof the monster flower.There's not enough room to spread their wingsand the waxy walls ensurethat there's no escape.But there's nothing sinisterin the flower's agenda.The beetles will beits unwitting helpers.Dawn arrives,but the flower remains unchanged, holding its captives through the day. As the second night falls,the witch stirs again.In a matter of minutes, the flower's precious golden pollensqueezes from the stamensand begins to fall,showering onto the captivebeetles below.Now, at last, the prisonersare free to go.The flower's wall changes texture, becoming roughto provide the ideal escape ladder.Loaded with their pollen parcels, they can now climb to freedom,just as other forest witchesare beginning to open.Seduced by the irresistible perfume, the beetles are sure to pay a visit, so ensuring pollination,and another generation of incredibly big, smelly flowers.As dawn arrives, forest birds claim their territories in the canopy. BIRDSONGBut there's one callwhich stands out among the rest - virtuoso of the forest symphony. STRANGE CALL RINGS OUTIt's a gibbon.UNDULATING CALL CONTINUESLiving on a remote mountainrange in south central Yunnanis one of the few remainingwild gibbon populations in China. The black-crestedgibbons of Wuliangshan.They are confined tothese forest mountains,so remote and steepthat few hunters ever come here. The Wuliangshan gibbons areunusual for their social structure. Most gibbons live in smallfamily groupsconsisting of a mating pairand their offspring.But these gibbons exist in troops. One male can have twoor sometimes three femalesand all of these can have young. Often even the juvenilesstay in the community.BABY SQUEAKSRarely glimpsed,this baby may be only a day old.If it survives infancy,then it has a promising futurein these few valleyswith its close-knit family.GIBBON CALLS RING OUTGibbon song once inspiredthe ancient poets of China,their glorious callsechoing far across the hills.But now, new, strangely quiet forests have come to Yunnan.These trees are here to producean important and valuable crop. When the tree bark is scored,it yields copious sticky sap,so bitter and tackythat nothing can feed on it.It's the tree's naturaldefence against attack.It's collected daily,bowl by bowl.It will be boiled and processed into one of the most important materials to a fast developing nation - rubber. The expansion of the rubberforests began in the 's when China, under a world rubber embargo,had to become self-sufficientin this vital product.Beijing turned to the only place where rubber could grow,the tropical south of Yunnan.With efficiency and speed,some of the world's richest forests were torn up and burned.Replaced with mile upon mileof rubber plantation.But there was a problemfor the rubber growers.While Yunnan's uniquenatural forestscan survive on the valleyslopes which stretch to the north... ..just one severe frost will kill off these delicate rubber trees.So Yunnan's terrain puts a limit on how far the plantations can spread, halting at leasttheir northwards advance.The jungles of Yunnanare increasingly under pressure. HORN BEEPSNew roads criss-crossthe tiny remnant forests,the infrastructure needed for trade, industry and, increasingly, tourism. It's a meeting of two verydifferent worlds.ELEPHANT TRUMPETSThat elephants still exist in China is remarkableconsidering the immense pressuresin the world's most highlypopulated country.The or so wild elephantswhich still live hereare now strictly protected.And each year youngare born to the small herds.If elephants were to survive anywhere in China,it could only have been here,in Yunnan.The same mountains which guidethe monsoon rains northand which made Joseph Rock's journeys so treacherous,also guarded Yunnan's forestsand its wildlife.ELEPHANTS GRUNT AND TRUMPETFor the moment, the mountains are still carpeted in a rich green, deceptive in its simplicity.Below the canopy lies perhapsChina's richest natural treasure. Delicate and unique,a complex world of intricate relationshipsbetween animals, plants and people,beneath the clouds.For our troubled but beautiful motherlandVCTT proundly presentsMore information:/vcttIf you have any questionpls feel free to let us know.。

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Beneath billowing clouds,in China's far southwestern Yunnan province,lies a place of mystery and legend.Of mighty rivers and some ofthe oldest jungles in the world.Here, hidden valleys nurture strangeand unique creatures,and colourful tribal cultures.Jungles are rarely found thisfar north of the tropics.So, why do they thrive here?And how has this rugged landscape come to harbour the greatest natural wealth in all China?In the remote southwest corner of China,a celebration is about to take place.Dai people collect water forthe most important festival of their year.The Dai call themselves the people of the water. Yunnan's river valleys have been their homefor over , years.By bringing the river water to the temple,they honour the two things holiest to them - Buddhism and their home.The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture.Though to some it might seem just an excusefor the biggest water fight of all time.Dai lives are changingas towns get bigger and modernizebut the Water Splashing Festivalis still celebrated by all.The rivers which lie at the heart ofDai life and cultureflow from the distant mountains of Tibet, southward through central Yunnanin great parallel gorges.The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos,but their legends tell ofhow their ancestors came hereby following the rivers from mountain landsin the cold far north.Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas, the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan'snorthern border with Tibet.Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage.Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered. Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible.Here the air is thin and temperaturescan drop below minus degrees.This is home to an animal that's foundnowhere else on Earth.The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.It's found only in these fewisolated mountain forests.No other primate lives at such high altitudes. but these are true specialists.These ancient mountain dwellershave inspired legends.Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors, calling them "the wild men of the mountains". During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.It seems a strange place for a monkey.Between snows, the monkeys wasteno time in their search for food.At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat.% of their diet is made up ofthe fine dry wisps of a curious organism.Half fungus, half plant -it's lichen.How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle,come to live such aremote mountain existence?This is not the only remarkableanimal found within theseisolated high peaks.A Chinese red panda.Solitary and quiet, it spends muchof its time in the tree tops.Despite its name,the red panda is only a very distantrelative of the giant panda.It's actually more closelyrelated to a skunk.But it does share the giantpanda's taste for bamboo.Southwest China's red pandas are known for their very strongfacial markingswhich distinguishthem from red pandas foundanywhere else in the Himalayas.Like the monkeys, they wereisolated in these high forestswhen the mountains quiteliterally rose beneath themin the greatest mountain-building event in recent geological history. Over the last million years,the Indian subcontinent has been pushing northwards into Eurasia.On the border between India and Tibet the rocks have been raisedeight kilometres above sea level, creating the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas.But to the east,the rocks have buckled into a series of steep north-south ridges,cutting down through theheart of Yunnan,the parallel mountains ofthe Hengduan Shan.These natural barriers serve to isolate Yunnan's plants and animals in each adjacent valley.While the huge temperaturerange between the snowy peaksand the warmer slopes belowprovides a vast array ofconditions for life to thrive. Through spring,the Hengduan slopes stage one of China's greatest natural spectacles. The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world. Over , plant species grow here,of which , are foundnowhere else.Until little more than a century ago, this place was unknown outside China. But then news reached the Westof a mysterious, hiddenworld of the orient.Hidden among the mountains,a lost Shangri-la paradise.Western high society, in the gripof a gardening craze,was eager for exotic speciesfrom faraway places.This gave rise to a newbreed of celebrity adventurers, intrepid botanist-explorersknown as "the Plant Hunters".Yunnan became their Holy Grail. Indiana JonesThe most famous was Joseph Rock,a real life Indiana Jones. Remarkable film footage captured his entourage on a series of expeditions, as they pushed into thedeepest corners of Yunnan.In glorious colour he recordedthe plant life he foundon special photographic glass plates. Sending thousands ofspecimens back to the West,the Plant Hunters changed the gardens of the world forever.Rock's success was bornof a massive effort.For, to find his Shangri-la,not only had he to traverseendless mountain ranges,but some of the deepestgorges in the world.The Nujiang is calledThe Angry River.This -kilometre stretchof raging rapidsis as much a barrier to lifeas are the mountains above.WAVES CRASHBut the plant hunters weren't the first people to travel here.Along the Nujiang,less than rope crossings allow locals passage across the torrents. Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes. This morning, it's market day, drawing people from upand down the valley.PIG OINKSGOAT BLEATSHanging from simple rope slings, people have been using the crossings for many hundreds of years.In such narrow, precipitous gorgesit's by far the easiestway to get around.Once across, the steepsides mean it's still a hike.Many trek for hours byfoot before they get to the market. The immense valley ishome to over a dozen ethnic groups. Some, like the Nu people,are found only here.The markets bring themountain tribes together.To continue his expeditions,Rock had to get his entire entourage across the giant Yunnan rivers.He commissioned especially thick ropes made from forest rattanand filmed the entire event.With yak butter to smooth the ride, men and mules made the journey. Not all made it across.On the far side of thegreat Nujiang gorge,the Plant Huntersmade a remarkable discovery.Far from the tropics,they seemed to be entering a steamy,vibrant tropical jungle,the forest of Gaoligongshan.The flora here is unlikeanywhere else in the world.Next to subtropical species,alpine plants grow in giant form. Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons, up to metres high.In April and May, their flowersturn the forests ruby red,attracting bird speciesfound only here.Constant moisture in the airmeans that the branches are laden with flowering epiphytes,fiercely guarded by tiny sunbirds, unique to these valleys.Nectar feeders, these are the humming birds of the Old World tropics.The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of China's rarest wildlife. This is a female Temminck's Tragopan. She has a colourful male admirer.He's hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo displaybut she's not about to be rushed.His colourful skin wattlereflects more light than feathers do. To her, this is like a neon sign. Seeing his chance,the male makes his move.Constant moisture inthe Gaoligongshan forestsmeans that throughout the yearthere are always fruits on the trees. Such abundance of food encouragesa high diversity of fruit eaters more commonly found in the tropics. The black giant squirrel is found only in undisturbed rainforest.At close to a metre in length, it's one of the world's largest squirrels. The mystery is that these forestsare growing well outside the tropics.By rights, none of this jungle,or its animals, should be here. These are bear macaques.They're found only intropical and sub-tropical jungle. With a tiny home range ofjust a few square kilometres,they depend on the abundant fruit that only true rainforestscan provide all year round.To the European plant hunters,these northern rainforests must have seemed a fantastic andmysterious lost world.Yet, when they came here, they would have found beautifully constructed ancient stone pathwayson which the forestcould be explored.Winding westwards into the hills, these were once some of the most important highways in Asia,the southwestern tea and silk road. Built thousands of years ago,the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the worldbeyond China's borders,carrying tradesmen and travellers from as far away as Rome.Wars were fought over accessto this tiny path,the only sure route inor out of China,that was guaranteed tobe clear of snow all year round. So, what causes Gaoligongshan's strange and remarkable climate?In late May, gusts of wind arrive, bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshan's mystery.The winds are hotand saturated with water.They come all the wayfrom the Indian Ocean.Channelled by Yunnan'sunique geography,they bring with them themoisture of the tropical monsoon. The giant river valleys,created millions of years ago,act like immense funnels.The gorges are so deep and narrow, that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan. The result is rain, in torrents! Four months of daily rainstorms sustain luxuriant vegetation.The arrival of the monsoonawakens one of the forest'smost extraordinarymoisture-loving inhabitants.The crocodile newt is one ofthe most unusual of the many amphibian species found here.As the rains arrive,they emerge to mate.The newts are said toleave an odour trail thatpotential mates can follow.The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back. These are its defence.If grabbed by a potential predator, the tips of its ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps.The deluge wakesanother forest inhabitant.This one is particularly astounding in its vigour!It can grow up to a metre a day, fast overtaking the otherplants around it.The taller it grows,the faster its growth rate,so that in a matter of days it towers above the undergrowth,and continues reaching for the sky. Not bad for what isessentially a grass.It's bamboo.Given the chance,bamboo will create immense forests, dominating entire areas.Bamboo forests occuracross southwest China,all the way to Shanghai.But probably the highest diversityof bamboos in the worldis found on the hillsand valleys of Yunnan.Though incredibly strong,bamboos have hollow stems,a perfect shelter for anycreatures which can find a way in. This entrance holewas made by a beetlebut it's being used by avery different animal.A bamboo bat.The size of a bumblebee, it's oneof the tiniest mammals in the world. The entire colony, up to bats,fits into a single section of bamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup. It's quite a squeeze!Half the colony are babies.Though barely a week old, they are already almost as big as their mums. Feeding such a fast-growingbrood is hard work.The mums leave to huntjust after dusk each night.Back in the roost,the young are left on their own. Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls -most of the time.The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a life on the wingby preening and stretching.Packed in like sardines, they would make an easy target for a snake.But the snake has nochance of getting in.The entrance is thinnerthan the width of a pencil.When the mothers return,they can push through the narrowentrance only because oftheir unusually flattened skulls.But it's still a squeeze.Bamboos are exploited in a verydifferent way by another forest dweller.Fresh bamboo shoots arean important forest crop.Ai Lao Xiang is of the Hani tribe,from the mountain village of Mengsong. Roasted, the tender shoots hegathers will make a tasty dish.The Hani have many uses for thedifferent bamboos they growand find in the forest around.Though flexible enough to be woven,bamboo has a highertensile strength than steel.Succulent when young,in maturity it's tough and durable,ideal for making a tableand strong enough for a pipe to last a lifetime. The people of southwest Chinahave found an extraordinary number ofways to exploit this mostversatile of plants.THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE LANGUAGEPart of bamboo's phenomenal successis that it's so toughthat few animals can tackle it.Yet, bamboo does come under attack.A bamboo rat.Feeding almost exclusively on bamboo,they live their entire lives intunnels beneath the forest.The thinner species of bambooare easy to attack and pull below.She has a fantastic sense of smelland can sniff out the freshgrowth through the soil.Bamboo spreads along underground stems. By following these, new shoots are found. Once a shoot is detected,she snips it free and dragsit down into her burrow.This female has a family.At just a few weeks old,the youngsters can already tacklethe hardest bamboo stemsand are eager to try.Bamboo's tough reputation is such,that another bamboo specialist wasknown by the Chinese as,"The Iron Eating Animal".The giant panda is famousfor its exclusive diet.Giant pandas are thought tohave originated in southwestChina, millions of years ago,but they are no longerfound in Yunnan.Recently, their specialiseddiet has had dire consequences.Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle, flowering infrequently, sometimesonly once every hundred years or so.But when flowering does occur,it's on a massive scale,and it's followed by thedeath of all of the plants.Sometimes an entirebamboo forest may die.In undisturbed habitat, pandassimply move to another areawhere a different bamboo species grows. But as human activity has fragmentedtheir forest home,pandas find it increasingly hard tofind large enough areasin which to survive.Wild pandas are now found onlyin the forests of Central China,far to the east.But in the hidden pockets of lowland jungle in Yunnan's tropical south,live one of China'sbest-kept wildlife secrets.DEEP BELLOWThe wild Asian elephant.Elephants once roamed acrossChina as far north as Beijing.But it's only in the hidden valleysof Yunnan that they have survived. Elephants are thearchitects of the forest.Bamboos and grasses are theirfavourite foodbut saplings, tree leaves andtwisted lianas are alltaken, with little care.As they move through the forest,the elephants open up clearings, bringing light to the forest floor. This has a major impact on their home. The richest forests are now known to be those which from time to time experience change.The Jinou people are incredibly knowledgeable about their forestsand claim to have uses for most ofthe plants that they find there.They have names for them all,those good for eating and some which even have strong medicinal qualities. By working here, the Jinou playa similar role to the elephants, opening up the forest,bringing space, light and diversity. Green, fast growingspecies are encouraged.Insects are in high abundance here, together with the animalsthat feed on them.Knowledge of the forest enablesthe Jinou to find not just plants,but other tasty forest food too. Forest crabs are common here,feeding on the abundant leaf litter. This will be a tastyaddition to the evening meal.Flowing through Yunnan'ssouthern valleys,the once angry riversare now swollen,their waters slow and warm.These fertile lowland valleysare the home of the Dai.The "People of the Water"live along streams whichoriginate in the surrounding hills. Each family keeps a kitchen garden modelled on the multi-layered structure of the surrounding forests, which the Dai hold sacred.The gardens are made more productive by inter-planting different crops. Tall, sun-loving species give shelter to plants which thrive in the shade. As companions,the plants grow better.Yunnan's forests are home to more than a dozen wild banana speciesand banana crops grow wellin most Dai gardens.The huge banana flowers are richin nectar for only two hours a day, but it's enough to attract a rangeof forest insects, including hornets. With their razor sharp mandibles, they find it easy to robthe flowers of their nectar.But hornets are predators too.They hunt other insects andcarry them back to their nest.An ideal target,but this grasshopper is no easy meal. There may be a price to pay.The Dai men, Po and Xue Ming, take advantage of a hunter's instincts.A hornet sting is agony.But for now it's distracted,intent on cutting awaya piece of grasshoppersmall enough to carry back home. Success!The white featherhardly slows the hornet,and, more importantly,it can be seen.Now the hunter is the hunted.So long as Po andXue Ming can keep up!Back at the nest,the other hornetsimmediately begin to cutthe feather free.But it's too late. The nest'slocation has been betrayed.The relationship between the forest animals and the people who live here was never one of harmony.Yet the fact that the Dai and other ethnic groups considered theseforests to be sacred,has ensured their survivaland now many have been givenextra protection as nature reserves. Ingenuity and hard workpays off at last.The fattened larvae areconsidered a delicacy by the Dai. Although these forests have experienced a great deal of change, they are still host to someancient and incredible relationships. Almost centimetres high,this is the immense flowerof the Elephant yam.Locals call it the"Witch of the Forest".As the stars rise,the witch begins to cast her spell.The forest temperature drops,but the flower starts to heat up.A heat sensitive camera revealsthe flower's temperaturerising by an incredibleten degrees Celsius.At the same time, a noxious stench of rotting flesh fills the forest air. As the flower's heat increases,a cloud of odour rises up.The foul perfumecarries far and wide.It doesn't go unnoticed.Carrion beetles arrive on the scene. The beetles come in searchof a feast of warm decaying flesh, but they've been tricked.Slippery sides ensure they tumble straight into the centreof the monster flower.There's not enough room to spread their wingsand the waxy walls ensurethat there's no escape.But there's nothing sinisterin the flower's agenda.The beetles will beits unwitting helpers.Dawn arrives,but the flower remains unchanged, holding its captives through the day. As the second night falls,the witch stirs again.In a matter of minutes, the flower's precious golden pollensqueezes from the stamensand begins to fall,showering onto the captivebeetles below.Now, at last, the prisonersare free to go.The flower's wall changes texture, becoming roughto provide the ideal escape ladder.Loaded with their pollen parcels, they can now climb to freedom,just as other forest witchesare beginning to open.Seduced by the irresistible perfume, the beetles are sure to pay a visit, so ensuring pollination,and another generation of incredibly big, smelly flowers.As dawn arrives, forest birds claim their territories in the canopy. BIRDSONGBut there's one callwhich stands out among the rest - virtuoso of the forest symphony. STRANGE CALL RINGS OUTIt's a gibbon.UNDULATING CALL CONTINUESLiving on a remote mountainrange in south central Yunnanis one of the few remainingwild gibbon populations in China. The black-crestedgibbons of Wuliangshan.They are confined tothese forest mountains,so remote and steepthat few hunters ever come here. The Wuliangshan gibbons areunusual for their social structure. Most gibbons live in smallfamily groupsconsisting of a mating pairand their offspring.But these gibbons exist in troops. One male can have twoor sometimes three femalesand all of these can have young. Often even the juvenilesstay in the community.BABY SQUEAKSRarely glimpsed,this baby may be only a day old.If it survives infancy,then it has a promising futurein these few valleyswith its close-knit family.GIBBON CALLS RING OUTGibbon song once inspiredthe ancient poets of China,their glorious callsechoing far across the hills.But now, new, strangely quiet forests have come to Yunnan.These trees are here to producean important and valuable crop. When the tree bark is scored,it yields copious sticky sap,so bitter and tackythat nothing can feed on it.It's the tree's naturaldefence against attack.It's collected daily,bowl by bowl.It will be boiled and processed into one of the most important materials to a fast developing nation - rubber. The expansion of the rubberforests began in the 's when China, under a world rubber embargo,had to become self-sufficientin this vital product.Beijing turned to the only place where rubber could grow,the tropical south of Yunnan.With efficiency and speed,some of the world's richest forests were torn up and burned.Replaced with mile upon mileof rubber plantation.But there was a problemfor the rubber growers.While Yunnan's uniquenatural forestscan survive on the valleyslopes which stretch to the north... ..just one severe frost will kill off these delicate rubber trees.So Yunnan's terrain puts a limit on how far the plantations can spread, halting at leasttheir northwards advance.The jungles of Yunnanare increasingly under pressure. HORN BEEPSNew roads criss-crossthe tiny remnant forests,the infrastructure needed for trade, industry and, increasingly, tourism. It's a meeting of two verydifferent worlds.ELEPHANT TRUMPETSThat elephants still exist in China is remarkableconsidering the immense pressuresin the world's most highlypopulated country.The or so wild elephantswhich still live hereare now strictly protected.And each year youngare born to the small herds.If elephants were to survive anywhere in China,it could only have been here,in Yunnan.The same mountains which guidethe monsoon rains northand which made Joseph Rock's journeys so treacherous,also guarded Yunnan's forestsand its wildlife.ELEPHANTS GRUNT AND TRUMPETFor the moment, the mountains are still carpeted in a rich green, deceptive in its simplicity.Below the canopy lies perhapsChina's richest natural treasure. Delicate and unique,a complex world of intricate relationshipsbetween animals, plants and people,beneath the clouds.For our troubled but beautiful motherlandVCTT proundly presentsMore information:you have any questionpls feel free to let us know.。