ASME焊接规范(修改)
ASME焊接规范第九卷解析
RW （resistance welding ） （电阻焊） RSW （resistance spot welding ） （电阻点焊） RSEW （resistance seam welding ） （电阻缝焊）和 （flash welding ）（闪光焊） 对于这些焊接方法都规定了工艺评定和技能评定的各类变素。 还对下列几种焊接工艺规定了专门的工艺评定和技能评定的 各类变素： 螺柱焊（ stud welding ） 耐蚀层堆焊（corrosion resistant weld metal overlay） 表面加硬层金属堆焊（hand-facing weld metal overlay） 管子与管板的焊接（tube-to-tubesheet welding)和 回火焊道焊接（temper bead welding）（P144) 这些工艺所允许使用的焊接方法请见QW-252～QW-264、 QW-288和QW-290。
（二）ASME BPV规范各卷的关系 第I、III、IV、VIII、X和XII卷是各种锅炉/容器的建 造规则（第XII卷包括使用规则）； 第VI和VII卷是锅炉的维护和运行推荐规则或指南； 第XI卷是核动力厂部件的在役检验规则； 第II、V、和IX卷是通用标准，主要是为建造卷服务 的，是锅炉/容器建造中使用材料，进行焊接和无损检测时 必须要参照的标准，建造卷可能全部引用，也可能只引用 其中的某一部分或对其作出补充规定。 在后面会介绍第VIII卷各册使用第IX卷焊接评定的情况。
要注意的是在产品卷中所规定的焊接方法不完全与第IX卷一致。
（四 ）第IX卷中用代号介绍（ASME BPV规范的产品卷也用） 1） P-No.（QW-200.3、420）—为母材指定P-No.是为了减少焊接和钎接 工 艺评定的数量，而对具有冲击韧性要求的铁基金属母材，在P-No.下再指定组 号。这种分组是根据母材的特性，例如成分、焊接性、可钎接性和力学性能等 进行类比来进行。这种分组并不意味着对于评定试验中所采用某一母材可以不 加区别地用别的一些母材来代替，而不从冶金性能、焊后热处理、设计、力学 性能和使用要求等观点来考虑其适配性，具体的分类分组见QW/QB-422。目 前对于铁基金属（钢及钢合金），P-No.从P-No.1~ P-No.15E ，其中没有PNo.2，但是P-No.5和P-No.9又分成A、B、C三个，P-No.10又分成A、B、 C、H、I、K六个，P-No.11又分成A、B二个，因此目前共有22个P-No.。 要特别注意P-No.5 A与P-No.5B或P-No.5C是不同的P-No.，其它的A、B、 C 等分类也是一样）。铁基金属在P-No.下又指定了Gr.No.。 钢及钢合金的材料标准号是以SA开头，非铁基金属的材料标准号是以SB开头。
焊接手册(ASME规范)
压力容器焊接手册(ASME 规范)
目录
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压力容器焊接手册(ASME 规范)
1.1 目的 作为焊接 ASME 规范容器的参考基准。
第一章 总则
1.2 适用范围 本手册适用于按照 ASME 规范建造的压力容器焊接的设计、采购、检验等。
1.3 参考文献 1）ASME 规范第 VIII－1 卷。 2）ASME 规范第 VIII－2 卷。 3）ASME 规范第 IX 卷。 4）ASME 规范第 II-C 卷。
Joint Design 接头
(10)
Backing (Yes) 衬垫（有） (11)
(No)（无）
Backing Material (Type) 衬垫材料（型号）
(12)
(Refer to both backing and retainers)
□Metal
□Nonfusing Metal
□Nonmetallic
压力容器焊接手册(ASME 规范)
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DHME
压力容器焊接手册(ASME 规范)
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焊接科－焊接技术系 2007 年
1
第一章 总则 1.1 目的 1.2 适用范围 1.3 参考文献 第二章 设计规范 2.1 编制 WPS 2.2 评定 PQR 2.3 设备焊接坡口设计 第三章 采购要求 3.1 焊接材料采购技术要求 3.2 焊接材料选择指南
压力容器焊接手册(ASME 规范)
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POSITION QW-405 焊接位置 Position(s) of Groove 坡口的位置 Welding Progression: Up 向上 Position(s) of Fillet 角焊缝位置
ASME压力容器与锅炉焊接工艺要点评定原则及要求
ASME压力容器与锅炉焊接工艺要点评定原则及要求ASME是美国机械工程师协会（American Society of Mechanical Engineers）的简称，ASME BPVC（Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code）是ASME制定的压力容器和锅炉规范，为了确保压力容器和锅炉的安全运行，ASME BPVC对焊接工艺、评定原则和要求进行了规范。
下面，将详细介绍ASME压力容器与锅炉焊接工艺要点、评定原则及要求。
一、焊接工艺要点：1.材料选择：应根据压力容器和锅炉的工作条件，选择适合的材料，确保其机械性能和耐腐蚀性能满足要求。
2.试样和检测：在焊接前，应根据标准要求制作试样，进行材料的化学成分分析和力学性能测试。
焊接后，需要进行缺陷检测，如X射线检测、超声波检测等。
3.焊材选择：应选用符合ASME规范要求的焊材，包括焊丝、焊剂、焊剂分析试剂等。
4.焊接工艺参数：应控制好焊接参数，包括预热温度、焊接电流和电压、焊接速度等。
同时，要进行记录和检验，确保焊接质量。
5.焊接工艺规范：应编制和执行符合ASME规范的焊接工艺规范，确保焊接过程的可追溯性和一致性。
6.焊接人员培训：根据ASMEBPVC要求，焊接人员需要经过相关培训和考试，取得相应的资格证书。
二、评定原则：1.符合ASMEBPVC规范：焊接工艺、焊接人员、焊材选择等必须符合ASMEBPVC的规范要求，确保焊接质量和安全性。
2.焊接质量控制：焊接过程中，要进行监测和控制焊接质量，尽量避免焊接缺陷和不合格情况的发生。
3.缺陷评定：对焊接接头进行非破坏性检测，如X射线检测、超声波检测等，评定焊接接头的缺陷情况，并根据规范要求进行合理评定和修复。
4.焊接质量验收：根据ASMEBPVC的要求，对焊接接头进行质量验收，确保焊接接头满足设计要求和安全使用。
三、要求：1.焊接工艺评定：在实际生产中，应对焊接工艺进行评定，包括焊接工艺规范的编制和执行过程，以及焊接人员的培训和证书要求。
ASME焊接规范(修改)
与to钢号和等级或UNS号Specification and type /grade or UNS NumberGB/T8162-2008
化学成份和力学性能Chem.Analysis and Mech.Prop.487(Rm)
其它Other/
焊接材料Weldind material
焊材牌号Trade Model：J427
国际型号GB Model：E4315
焊材直径Welding wire diameterφ3.2mm
附加填充经属Supplemental Filler Metal无NO
熔敷焊缝金属的厚度范围Weld Metal Thickness Range:
填充金属Filler Metal
电流Current
电压范围Volts Range
焊接速度范围Travel Speed Range
(cm/min)
其它Other
种类Classification
直径Diameter
极性和种类Type and Polarity
电27
φ3.2mm
DCEP
80-140
21~27
8～12
/
Amps and volts range should be recorded for each electrode size、position 、and thickness、etc.
脉冲电流Pulsing Current无NO热输入Heat Input(max.)315J/cm
自动化等级Type(s)(Automatic, Manual, Machine, or Semi-Auto)手工Manual
ASME焊接
吴祖乾
上海发电设备成套设计研究院 二OO八年十二月
ASME规范中的焊接问题
一、ASME规范与焊接 1、有关焊接的内容分布在ASME以下各卷中 第Ⅱ卷C篇焊接材料 第Ⅲ卷第一册NC、ND二、三级部件中的焊接材料 （NC2400），制造与安装（NC 4000），焊接评定（NC 4300） 指导焊缝的施焊、检验与返修（NC 4400和NC 4600），验收 （NC 5000），第Ⅸ焊接和钎接评定 2、常用的焊接方法
在ASME BPVC各卷中，常用的焊接方法主要有： SMAW 焊接电弧焊 GTAW 钨极隋性气体保护焊 GMAW 熔化极隋性气体保护焊 PAW 等离子弧焊 SAW 埋弧焊 ESW 电渣焊 FCAW 药芯焊丝弧焊 OFW 氧——燃气焊
ASME规范中的焊接问题
3、在ASME中主要涉及以下焊接问题
a.焊接材料 b.焊接接头的制作 c.预热与焊后热处理 d.焊缝的无损检测验收标准 e.焊接工艺评定 f.焊工技能评定
ASME规范中的焊接问题
b.从焊接材料厂应索取下述资料
①焊接工艺参数 ②ASME/AWS标准 ③其他标准，如ISO、EN等标准 ④焊后(AW)状态或焊后热处理（PWHT）状态的力学性 能（抗拉强度、落锤试验、Cv试验） ⑤试件焊接时的预热温度和层间温度 ⑥PWHT的温度范围、保温时间和最大冷却速率 ⑦焊缝的化学元素分析 ⑧对不锈钢焊缝要求δ-铁素体含量
ASME规范中的焊接问题
2、焊接材料的验收要求
a.焊丝
碳钢、低合金钢和镍基合金焊丝：化学分析 奥氏体—铁素体不锈钢TIG焊丝：化学分析和δ-铁素体测定（316 钢不需测量）
b.无稀释熔敷金属
碳钢、低合金钢和镍基合金焊条：化学分析、常温和设计温度拉 伸。碳钢或低合金钢还要求0℃和/或－20℃ Cv。 奥氏体—铁素体不锈钢焊条：化学分析，δ-铁素体测定、晶间腐 蚀、常温拉伸、设计温度拉伸、（常温Cv）。 碳钢或低合金钢气保护实心焊丝*：化学分析、常温和设计温度拉 伸、0℃和/或－20℃ Cv。
焊接和钎接评定标准 ASME(2006增补)
中文版增补版权属 CACI 所有。
本增补原版在 2006 年 7 月 1 日发布，自发布之日起 6 个月后生效。执行时应以英文原版 为准。
由于各种原因，本次翻译发送的增补可能会有不足和错误，希望广大用户和读者批评和 指正，以便改进。
来信请寄：北京市西城区月坛南街 26 号
QW-193.1 工艺评定试样 评定每个工艺要求 10 个模拟 焊缝。模拟接头应在 QW-287 重要变素的范围内复制基本相同 的管孔结构和管子与管板的接头设计。模拟管板的厚度不要求 超过 2in.（50mm），可以使用与母材覆层化学成分基本相当的 覆层。然后，模拟焊缝应经受下列试验，且必须满足相应的合 格标准。
±打磨
×
附加重 要变素
×
非重要 变素
×
× ×
5
ASME BPVC 2005 增补
第 IX 卷
焊接和钎接评定标准
04 中文版 页码 40 41
44 46 46 48
49 53 55
57
57
章节
修改部位
06 增 补 修 改 内 容
QW-300.3 QW-303.5
QW-354 QW-384 QW-385 QW-403.5
与管板焊缝的评定应使用下列方法之一；
（a）按 QW-202.2 和 QW-202.4 要求的坡口焊缝； （b）按 QW-193.1 要求的示范模拟评定； （c）按 QW-202.2（c）要求的角焊缝（仅适用于非承压的管 子与管板焊缝）。
QW-213
本条款 删除
QW-252
表内最后一 行后
增加一行：（此处加标题栏是为了确定修改部位）
修改部位
ASME规范产品焊接管理的探讨
ASME规范产品焊接管理的探讨摘要：ASME规范产品的建造是一项系统化的工作，焊接作为特殊工序是ASME规范产品中十分关键的控制环节。
本文对ASME规范产品建造过程中的焊接管理从质量体系建立、人员管理、焊接文件、焊材控制、焊接过程控制、焊缝返修等方面进行了分析和探讨。
关键词：ASME 钢印产品焊接管理质量控制1 ASME质量体系的建立公司根据ASME要求建立了ASME质量体系，编制了ASME质量手册及程序文件，首版2011年正式发布执行。
ASME质量控制手册是该质量控制体系的书面文字叙述，是ASME钢印产品质量控制的纲领性文件，公司员工在安装及制造规范产品时，必须严格遵照执行ASME规范、ASME质量手册和美国锅炉压力容器检验师总部检验规范的要求，不得违反。
ASME质量手册中包含“焊接管理”和“热处理”两个章节，程序文件中包含6个焊接相关的管理程序，内容涵盖了焊缝识别、缺陷返修、热处理、焊材管理、目视检验等工作。
工欲善其事必先利其器，ASME质量手册和程序文件的编制发布为钢印产品的建造奠定了坚实的管理基础。
2 人员管理ASME标准中对三种人员的有资质要求，即NDT检验人员、VT目视检验人员和焊工/焊接操作工。
NDT检验人员资质外部取证，VT检验人员的培训及授权由QC部负责。
焊工技能评定和焊工资质管理成为焊接管理的一项重要工作。
焊工技能评定需严格按照ASME IX执行。
ASME标准相对于国内标准而言焊工评定的适用范围是比较宽的，但是进行ASME焊工评定时需要注意焊接变素的限制。
在实际的焊工评定中，可依据规范要求，综合考虑各焊接变素及评定范围，合理的选取焊工评定(操作)方法、母材试件的尺寸、母材P-No.及焊材F-No.,尽可能的扩大焊工技能评定覆盖范围。
ASME规范产品的焊工资质管理是一项严谨而且持久的工作，焊工资质需严格控制并由专人进行管理维护。
每个合格焊工分配一个唯一焊工钢印号来识别。
依据焊工评定记录WPQ编制“已有资格焊工及焊接操作工一览表”，并定期根据焊工的实际操作活动更新和完善“焊工和焊接操作工资格连续操作记录”，以确保焊工资质有效。
ASME建造规范中的焊接要求1
第一部分
-----简介第IX卷；介绍产品卷和支持卷的关系 简介第IX卷
及ASME压力容器建造规范中的焊接要求 ASME压力容器建造规范中的焊接要求 和实践并述及与我国标准的差别
赵孟显
e-mail:zmxian@
一、 第IX卷简介 IX卷简介
1、 ASME锅炉及压力容器规范第IX卷的内容 ASME锅炉及压力容器规范第IX卷的内容 锅炉及压力容器规范第IX
ASME第IX卷的内容：是关于焊工、焊机操作工、 ASME第IX卷的内容：是关于焊工、焊机操作工、钎接 卷的内容 钎机操作工的评定，以及按照ASME ASME锅炉及压力容器规范 工、钎机操作工的评定，以及按照ASME锅炉及压力容器规范 B31压力管道规范所采用的焊接或钎接工艺评定及 和ASME B31压力管道规范所采用的焊接或钎接工艺评定及 操作工的技能评定。 操作工的技能评定。 。 IX卷建立焊接和钎接的基本准则 卷建立焊接和钎接的基本准则， 第IX卷建立焊接和钎接的基本准则，在编制焊接和钎接 工艺评定及技能评定的要求时是应当遵守的。 工艺评定及技能评定的要求时是应当遵守的。 焊接工艺规程（WPS）和工艺评定记录（PQR） 焊接工艺规程（WPS）和工艺评定记录（PQR）的目的 是决定结构中焊件具有要求的使用性能。 是决定结构中焊件具有要求的使用性能。执行焊接工艺评定 的焊工和焊机操作工应当是技术熟练的工人。 的焊工和焊机操作工应当是技术熟练的工人。 我们这里主要介绍ASME第IX卷的焊接部分 我们这里主要介绍ASME第IX卷的焊接部分
4) 资料（焊接篇第IV章，钎接篇第XIV章）包括变素的 资料（焊接篇第IV章 钎接篇第XIV章 具体描述，以分类的形式列出，分类如接头、母材、 具体描述，以分类的形式列出，分类如接头、母材、填充 金属、位置、预热、焊后热处理、气体、 金属、位置、预热、焊后热处理、气体、电特性和技巧 焊接）。各种变素的应用只提供在焊接篇第II章 ）。各种变素的应用只提供在焊接篇第 （焊接）。各种变素的应用只提供在焊接篇第II章、钎接篇 XII章 对于工艺评定）或焊接篇第III章 钎接篇第XIII 第XII章（对于工艺评定）或焊接篇第III章、钎接篇第XIII 对于技能评定）中有关焊接/钎接方法引用时才使用， 章（对于技能评定）中有关焊接/钎接方法引用时才使用， 否则就会被错用。 否则就会被错用。 此两章包括对母材和填充材料所指定的P No. 此两章包括对母材和填充材料所指定的P-No.、和F-No 、 供制造者参考的A No. 及非强制性的S No. 供制造者参考的A-No. 及非强制性的S-No.（主要用于压力 管道和压力容器规范案例选用的材料）。 管道和压力容器规范案例选用的材料）。 此两章还包括评定的厚度/直径范围/位置范围。 此两章还包括评定的厚度/直径范围/位置范围。 此两章给出试件方位、取样方法、试验夹具尺寸的简图。 此两章给出试件方位、取样方法、试验夹具尺寸的简图。 QW-470叙述侵蚀方法和侵蚀剂。 QW-470叙述侵蚀方法和侵蚀剂。 叙述侵蚀方法和侵蚀剂 QW/ QB -492给出焊接/钎接术语的定义。 492给出焊接 钎接术语的定义。 给出焊接/
2019年压力容器焊接工程规范(ASME)
第二章焊接工程壹、前言:鍋爐建造中焊接工作量與起重、冷作組立並列為三大主要工作項目之ㄧ。
本處現場監工對於焊接工作可能無法像現場施作的焊工一般具備相當之焊接技術能,但只要熟悉與焊接有關的知識,諸如材料規格、焊材特性、焊材保存規範、焊口設計、預熱熱處理方式,焊工評核管理與焊口現場施工管制等,則對於焊接工作整體進度的推展及品質異常發生的抑止有極大的幫助。
本文有關焊接工作僅就鍋爐建造時與焊接有關工作之基本概念做原則性的論述,至於實際有關焊接之材料請購、設計、施工、檢驗等規範應依本企業之『配管工程規範』施作。
貳、材料1. 材料規範(1) 本企業採用之主要材料規範一般有ATSM美國材料試驗協會JIS日本國家標準DIN德國國家標準等(2) 工程人員可由上述規範裡獲得材料相關之物理、化學性質資訊藉以判別選用之材料是否合格,並提供材料之熱處理工作要求2.壓力及溫度定義(1) 設計壓力(ANSI)管系之設計壓力為在正常操作時所能預期最嚴重狀況(The MostSevere Condition)下的最大操作壓力。
(2) 設計溫度(ANSI)管系設計溫度為最嚴重狀況下的管材金屬溫度(MetalTemperature)。
3.材料規格標示鍋爐壓力件管材、配件均有其固定之標示方式。
工程人員須能正確的郵物件外部之標示中了解該物件之金屬成分溫度壓力等級以避免在施焊過程中選用錯誤焊條璧如:(1) 管材標示:A106 Gr.B ＊4” ＊SCH40 Pipe ,由A106 Gr.B知悉管材為無缝碳鋼管(2) 管配件標示: A216 Gr.WCB 16” ＊12” Tee, 由A216 Gr.WCB知悉管三通材料為鑄造成型之碳鋼材(3) 鋼板規格標示:A387 Gr.22-2 5’ ＊20’＊12t Plate,由A387Gr.22-2 知該鋼板材料為含鉻2.25%之低合金鋼材ASTM常用之材料表如下表:詳如附表一4.焊材選用(1) 當了解母材材料成份之後,對於同種金屬材料之焊接在選擇焊條上只要選擇相同之填料金屬焊條即可,但仍須依據焊接程序書WPS之施工條件進行施焊。
Section8-1-VIII-1-2007版ASME规范VIII-1修改汇总
Paragraph 段落号Changes修改内容Explanation解释U-1(g) U-1(g)(1) Unfired steam boilers shall be constructed in accordance with the rules of Section I or this Division [see UG-125(b) and UW-2(c)].U-1(g)(2)The following pressure vessels in which steam is generated shall not be considered as unfired steamboilers[不能被认为是非火焰直接加热蒸汽锅炉], and[并且] shall be constructed in accordance with the rules of thisDivision:(a) vessels known as evaporators or heat exchangers;(b) vessels in which steam is generated by the use of heat resulting from operation of a processing systemcontaining a number of pressure vessels such as used in the manufacture of chemical and petroleumproducts;(c) vessels in which steam is generated but not withdrawn for external use.Table U-3 Added ISO-148(Part 1, 2, & 3) to Table U-3 [在表U-3中增加ISO-148(第1, 2和3部分)]Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Part 1: Test Method, ISO 148-1: 2006 [Charpy摆锤冲击试验,第一部分:试验方法, ISO 148-1:2006]Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Part 2: Verification of Test Machines: ISO 148-2:2006 [Charpy 摆锤冲击试验,第二部分:试验机的验证, ISO 148-2:2006]Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Part 3: Preparation and Characterization of Charpy V Reference TestPieces for Verification of Test Machines: ISO-148-3: 2006 [Charpy摆锤冲击试验,第三部分: 用于试验机验证的Charpy-V 试验方法试样的制备和特征, ISO 148-3:2006]UG-84(b)(1) is revised to add ISO-148 (Parts 1, 2 & 3) as acceptable for impact test procedures and apparatus in addition to SA-370.It was discovered that there are virtually no ASTM strikers available for use throughout Europe, Asia or Australia. It was also learned that the ISO striker profile has no real effect on absorbed energy values up to 74 ft-lbs. In materials with toughness in excess of 75 ft-lbs, the ISO striker is slightly more conservative and will produce absorbed energy values that are slightly lower than those obtained using the ASTM striker. Lateral expansion values will vary no more than .001 inch when based on acceptance criteria of .015 inch lateral expansion. Based upon these facts it is proposed that impact testing in accordance with ISO-148 also be permitted in UG-84(b)(1).[UG-84(b)(1)已经修改,除了SA-370以外,对于冲击试验的程序和设备,允许采用ISO-148(第1, 2和3部分)标准.]UG-11(c) (5) UG-11(c)(5) added under UG-11(c) “Welded Standard Pressure Parts for Use Other Than the Shell or Heads of a Vessel." [在UG-11(C)下增加UG-11(C)(5) ”除容器筒体或封头以外的标准焊接承压件”](5) The Manufacturer of the vessel to be marked with the Code Symbol shall be satisfied that the parts aresuitable for the design conditions specified for the complete vessel in accordance with the rules of thisDivision and that the requirements of (1), (2), (3) and (4) above have been met for each welded standardpressure part.[负责打容器规范钢印的制造厂应该获得确认,即这些零件适合符合本规范要求的容器设计要求, 并且上述(1),(2),(3)和(4)的要求也得到满足.] The addition of UG-11(c)(5) is proposed to address a concern that the vessel Manufacturer needs to verify that welded standard pressure parts comply with the rules of this Division. Similar words are already provided at the end of UG-11(a) and UG-11(b).与UG-11(a), UG-11(b)最后部分的叙述相一致,即容器制造厂要验证标准焊接承压件符合规范的要求.UG-14(b),(b) Except for flanges of all types, hollow cylindrically-shaped parts [up to and including NPS 4 (DN l00)] may be machined from rolled or forged bar,[用轧制或锻制的棒料机加工] provided that the axial length of the part isapproximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other parts, such as heads or caps [up to and includingNPS 4 (DN 100)], not including flanges, may be machined from rolled or forged bar.[可以用轧制或锻制的棒料机加工]Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from barstock.This change would make UG-14(b) consistent with UG-14(a), SA-182 A06 5.4 and 6.5; SA-403 A06 4.1, 5.12 and 6.4, and Code Case 2148, which do not have any requirement for “hot-rolled bar” and would permit other cold-rolled bar.Annul Code Case 2148 six months after publication of the changes与UG-14(a)保持一致, 不要求”热轧棒料”.Paragraph 段落号Changes修改内容Explanation解释UG-35.2(d)UG-35.2(d)(1)Quick-actuating closures that are held in position by a locking mechanism designed for manual operation shall be designed such that if an attempt is made to open the closure when the vessel is underpressure, the closure will leak prior to full disengagement of the locking components and release of theclosure. The design of the closure and vessel shall be such that any leakage shall be directed away from thenormal position of the operator.(中文翻译略) It has been pointed out the paragraph UG-35.2(d)(1) can misinterpreted to require a closure to leak when the locking mechanisms are still fully engaged. This is not the intent of this paragraph. The paragraph is intended to make sure that if someone ties to open a closure which is under pressure that it will leak before the locking mechanism is fully disengaged and the closure is released. The re-wording clarifies this design requirement. In addition was pointed out that the designer of the closure may not know the location of the operator since he may not be the designer of the vessel or system. The re-wording clarifies this requirement没有技术上的修改,只是叙述更清楚.UG-36(b)(1)UG-36 Openings in Pressure Vessels…(b) Size of Openings(1) Properly reinforced openings in cylindrical and conical[锥型]shells are not limited as to size except with thefollowing provisions for design. The rules in UG-36 through UG-43 apply to openings not exceeding the following: forvessels 60 in. (1500 mm) inside diameter and less, one-half the vessel diameter, but not to exceed 20 in. (500 mm);for vessels over 60 in. (1500 mm) inside diameter, one-third the vessel diameter, but not to exceed 40 in. (1000 mm).(For conical shells, the inside diameter as used above is the cone diameter at the center of the opening) [(对于锥型筒体, 上述所指的内径是开孔中心处的锥体直径)]. For openings exceeding these limits, supplemental rules of1-7 shall be satisfied in addition to UG-36 through UG-43. Alternatively, openings in cylindrical or conical shellsexceeding these limits may be designed for internal pressure using the rules of 1-10 in lieu of those given in1-7(a) and / or 1-7(b).[作为另外一种方法,在圆筒体或锥形壳体上的超过这些限制的开孔也可以以内压按照附录1-10的规定来设计,而不必按照附录1-7(a) 和/或 1-7(b).]Added new appendix 1-10 for alternative method for design of large openings and revised UG-36(b)(1) to refer to it.Clarified that cones are also included in the reinforcement design rules in these sections. A note is also added to Appendix 1-7(b)(1) limiting application of the 1-7(b) rules to cones with a half apex angle not exceeding 30 degrees澄清了补强设计也适用于锥体. 在附录1-7(b)(1)中增加了一个注解以说明附录1-7(b)的规定仅适用于锥体半顶角不超过30度的情形.新增加了用于大开孔设计的另一方法附录1-10.UG-37UG-37(h) added under UG-37 REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED FOR OPENINGS IN SHELLS AND FORMED HEADS [新增UG-37(h)](h) The reinforcement rules in this Division are applicable for internal or external pressure and do notaddress the requirements for openings under the action of externally applied loadings (such as pipereactions). When externally applied loadings are to be considered, see U-2(g).[(h)本规范的规定适用于内压或外压,并没有规定适用于承受外部栽荷的开孔的要求(外部载荷指例如管子反作用力).如果考虑外部栽荷,参见U-2(g)] The reinforcement rules in Section VIII Division 1 are applicable for internal or external pressure and do not address the requirements for openings under the action of externally applied loadings (such as pipe reactions). This item was proposed because of several requests for interpretation that asked what opening reinforcement rules were applicable under loads other than pressure. This proposed action does not change any Code requirements, it merely provides information that may useful to the designer.澄清本规范的开孔补强规定适用于内压或外压,不适用于承受外部栽荷的情形.UG-37 Text in UG-37(a) revised:UG-37 REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED FOR OPENINGS IN SHELLS AND FORMED HEADS(a) Nomenclature. The symbols used in this paragraph are defined as follows:…The reinforcement rules of UG-37(a) are not clearly defined for the case of ERW or autogenously welded pipe or tube. The definition of “tr” in UG-37(a) implies that the seamless allowable stress values should be used in the calculation ofParagraph 段落号Changes 修改内容Explanation解释E = 1 (see definitions for t r and t r n)E 1 = 1 when an opening is in the solid plate or in a Category B butt joint; or= 0.85 when an opening is located in an ERW or autogenously welded pipe or tube. If the ERW or autogenously welded joint is clearly identifiable and it can be shown that the opening does not pass thru this weld joint, then E 1 may be determined as using the other rules of this paragraph; or[=0.85, 当一个开孔位于一个ERW 或自身焊接管时. 如果ERW 或自身焊接管接头清晰可见并且可以看到开孔并非通过该焊接接头时, 则E1可以以本段其它规则来确定,或]= joint efficiency obtained from Table UW-12 when any part of the opening passes through any other welded joint …the required thickness “tr”, even though the shell is constructed of ERW or autogenously welded pipe or tube. Past Interpretations VIII-1-92-25R and VIII-1-98-12 also support the use of seamless allowable stresses for the calculation of “tr” in ERW or autogenously welded pipe or tube.The proposed changes require that “E1” is taken as 0.85 for all shells constructed of ERW or autogenously welded pipe or tube, unless it can be shown that no part of the opening passes thru the ERW or autogenously welded joint. In the case where the ERW joint is readily identifiable and it can be shown that the opening does not pass thru the ERW weld joint, then “E1” may be determined using the other definitions of “E1” given in paragraph UG-37(a).新增要求.原来没有规定在计算tr 时,开孔位于ERW 或自身焊接管上时如何确定E1UG-42(a)(2), (c) & (e),UG-42 REINFORCEMENT OF MULTIPLE OPENINGSa) (See UG-39 for multiple openings in flat heads.) (a) When any two openings are spaced at less than two times their average diameter, so that their limits of reinforcement overlap [see Fig. UG-42 sketch (a)], the two openings shall be reinforced in the plane connecting the centers, in accordance with the rules of UG-37, UG-38, UG-40, and UG-41 with a combined reinforcement that has an area not less than the sum of the areas required for each opening. No portion of the cross section is to be considered as applying to more than one opening, nor to be considered more than once in a combined area(1) The available area of the head or shell between openings having an overlap area shall be proportioned between the two openings by the ratio of their diameters.(2) For cylinders and cones [对于圆筒和锥体] if the area of reinforcement between the two openings is less than 50% of the total required for the two openings, the supplemental rules of 1-7(a) and (c) shall be used. (3) A series of openings all……..c) Alternatively, any number of adjacent openings, in any arrangement, may be reinforced by using an assumed opening enclosing all such openings. The limits for reinforcement of the assumed opening shall be those given in UG-40(b)(1) and (c)(1). The nozzle walls of the actual openings shall not be considered to have reinforcing value. For cylinders and cones [对于圆筒和锥体] when the diameter of the assumed opening exceeds the limits in UG-36(b)(1), the supplemental rules of 1-7(a) and (c) shall also be used.e) When a series of two or more openings in a cylindrical or conical [或锥体] shell are arranged in a regular pattern, reinforcement of the openings may be provided per the rules of ligaments in UG-53. This item was established to make revisions to UG-36, UG-42 and Appendix 1-7 clarifying that cones are also included in the reinforcement design rules in these sections. A note is also added to Appendix 1-7(b)(1) limiting application of the 1-7(b) rules to cones with a half apex angle not exceeding 30 degrees澄清了补强设计也适用于锥体. 在附录1-7(b)(1)中增加了一个注解以说明附录1-7(b)的规定仅适用于锥体半顶角不超过30度的情形UG-84(a) &UG-84(b)(1). UG-84 CHARPY IMPACT TESTS UG-84(a) General. Charpy V-notch [V 型缺口] impact tests in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph shallbe made on weldments and all materials for shells, heads, nozzles and other vessel parts subject to stress due to pressure for which impact tests are required by the rules in Subsection C.UG-84(b)(1) Impact test procedures and apparatus shall conform to the applicable paragraphs of SA-370 or ISO-148 (Parts 1, 2 and 3) [或ISO-148 (第1, 2 和 3部分)] ISO-148 allows the usage of both Charpy V-notch and U-notch testing. Inclusion of ISO-148 into the code will require the words "V-notch" be added to UG-84(a) to ensure that Charpy V-notch testing is used exclusively.Include ISO-148 (Parts 1, 2 & 3) for CVN testing procedures & apparatus (ISO Striker). A recent incident has led to the discovery that the impact testing apparatus used throughoutParagraph 段落号Changes修改内容Explanation解释most of the industrial world (Europe, Asia & Australia) is not incompliance with SA-370/ASTM E23 because the Strikerprofile on the ISO machine has a different profile than theprofile designated by ASTM. Outside the USA mostcompanies and testing laboratories are using the ISO impacttesting apparatus in accordance with ISO-148 Therefore, anyimpact testing that is performed outside the USA cannot be instrict accordance with UG-84 as it is currently written. It wasdiscovered that there are virtually no ASTM strikers availablefor use throughout Europe, Asia or Australia. It was alsolearned that the ISO striker profile has no real effect onabsorbed energy values up to 74 ft-lbs. In materials withtoughness in excess of 75 ft-lbs, the ISO striker is slightlymore conservative and will produce absorbed energy valuesthat are slightly lower than those obtained using the ASTMstriker. Lateral expansion values will vary no more than .001inch when based on acceptance criteria of .015 inch lateralexpansion. Based upon these facts it is proposed that impacttesting in accordance with ISO-148 also be permitted inUG-84(b)(1).除了SA-370以外,对于冲击试验的程序和设备,允许采用ISO-148(第1, 2和3部分)标准.但因为ISO-148还包括了U型缺口的冲击试验,所以在UG-84要规定V型缺口.UG-90(b)(19) UG-90 GENERAL(b) The Manufacturer has the responsibility of assuring that the quality control, the detailed examinations, and thetests required by this Division are performed. The Manufacturer shall perform his specified duties. See UG-92 and10-15. Some, but not all, of these responsibilities, which are defined in the applicable rules, are summarized asfollows:…(19) providing for retention of radiographs (UW-51), ultrasonic test reports (12-4), and Manufacturer’s DataReports (UG-120),and other documents as required by this Division (10-13). [和本规范附录10-13规定的其它文件]Revise Appendix 10-13 to require the retention of pertinent records by the Manufacturer for at least three years after signing of the Manufacturers Data Report.附录10-13作了修改, 要求部分有关的记录必须在”制造厂数据报告”签发以后至少保留三年.UG-117(f); UG-117 CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORIZATION AND CODE SYMBOL STAMPSUG-117(f) Evaluation for Authorization and Reauthorization. Before issuance or triennial renewal of a Certificate ofAuthorization for use of the U or UM Stamp, the Manufacturer’s facilities and organization are subject to a joint reviewby a representative of his inspection agency and an individual certified as an ASME Designee who is selected by theconcerned legal jurisdiction. A written description or checklist of the Quality Control System which identifies whatdocuments and what procedures the Manufacturer will use to produce a Code item shall be available for review.A written report to the Society shall be made jointly by the ASME Designee and the Inspection Agency employed bythe Manufacturer to do his Code inspection. This report is then reviewed by the Subcommittee on Boiler and PressureVessel Accreditation, which will either issue a Certificate of Authorization or notify the applicant of deficienciesrevealed by the review. In such a case, the applicant will be given an opportunity to explain or correct thesedeficiencies. The changes allow the Manufacturers to be audited more comprehensively.Revise UG-117(f) to make the retained records available to the Authorized Inspector (AI) supervisors or Review Teams for the purpose of performing reviews for the issue or renewal of Certificates of Authorization.该修改允许制造厂能够得到更全面的审查,在取证或换证审查中,相关的记录要提供给AIS或审核组审查.Paragraph 段落号Changes 修改内容Explanation解释Certificates of Authorization will be endorsed to indicate the scope of activity authorized. Authorization may include field operations if the review team determines that these operations are adequately described in the quality control manual, and this determination is accepted by the Society.Before issuance or renewal of a Certificate of Authorization for use of the UV or UD Stamp, the valve or rupture disk device Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s facilities and organization are subject to a review by a representative from an ASME designated organization. A written description or checklist of the quality control system, which identifies the documents and procedures the Manufacturer or Assembler will use to produce Code pressure relief valves, shall be available for review. The representative from an ASME designated organization shall make a written report to the Society, where the Subcommittee on Boiler and Pressure Vessel Accreditation will act on it as described above.The purpose of the review is to evaluate the applicant’s Quality Control System and its implementation. The applicant shall demonstrate sufficient administrative and fabrication functions of the system to show that he has the knowledge and ability to produce the Code items covered by his Quality Control System. Fabrication functions may be demonstrated using current work, a mockup, or a combination of the two. Additionally, retained records as required by this division and the Quality Control System, shall be made available to the Authorized Inspector Supervisors or the review teams designated by the ASME. [另外, 本规范和质量控制体系要求的保存的记录必须提供给主任授权检验师或ASME 指定的审核组审查.] UG-116(e) &UG-116(e)(1) UG-116 REQUIRED MARKING (e) When radiographic or ultrasonic examination has been performed on a vessel [当射线或超声波探伤已经运用于一台容器上时] in accordance with UW-11, marking shall be applied under the Code Symbol as follows:(1) “RT 1” when all pressure-retaining butt welds, other than Category B and C butt welds associated with nozzles and communicating chambers that neither exceed NPS 10 (DN 250) nor 11⁄8 in. (29 mm) wall thickness [except as required by UHT-57(a)], satisfy the full radiography requirements of UW-11(a) for their full length [在全部长度上满足UW-11(a)全部射线探伤的要求]; full radiography of the above exempted Category B and C butt welds, if performed, may be recorded on the Manufacturer’s Data Report; orNameplate markings as listed in UG-116(e) are currently only applicable if the vessel has been radiographed and UG-116(e)(1) states that the marking “RT1” can only be used if the welded joints have been radiographed over their entire length. UG-116(e)(2), UG-116(e)(3), and UG-116(e)(4) state that the markings “RT2”, “RT3”, and “RT4” must be used on a vessel if the radiographic requirements have been met for their respective markings even when ultrasonic examination has been used for the closure seam per UW-11(a)(7). Code Case 2235-6 allows ultrasonic examination of other welded joints other than the closure seam in lieu of radiographic examination provided specific additional criteria are met. This change will allow the vessels to be stamped with “RT-1”, “RT-2”, and RT-3” when the requirements of radiography have been met without specifically requiring a vessel to be radiographed. The specific reference to UW-51 (Radiographic and Radioscopic Examination of Welded Joints) will be deleted in the event of ultrasonic examination. The requirements in the replies are currently required under Code Case 2235-6(k) and (l).原来的关于铭牌上”RT1”, “RT2”, “RT3”或”RT4”仅适用于焊缝做相应射线探伤的情形. 规范案例2235-6允许对除闭口焊缝以外的其它焊缝做超声波探伤以代替射线探伤,只要特定的附加标准要求得到满足. 此改变允许当射线探伤的要求得到满足而没有特殊要求进行射线探伤时,容器打上”RT1”, “RT2”和”RT3”的标Paragraph 段落号Changes修改内容Explanation解释记.UG-120(a) UG-120 DATA REPORTS(a)A Data Report shall be filled out on Form U-1 or Form U-1A by the Manufacturer and shall be signed by theManufacturer and the Inspector for each pressure vessel marked with the Code U Symbol.(1)Same day production of vessels may be reported on a single Form provided all of the following requirementsare met:(a)vessels must be identical;(b)vessels must be manufactured for stock or for the same user or his designated agent;(c)serial numbers must be in uninterrupted sequence; and the Manufacturer’s written Quality ControlSystem includes procedures to control the development, distribution, and retention of the Data Reports.(2)The number of lines on the Data Report used to describe multiple components (e.g., nozzles, shell courses)may be increased or decreased as necessary to provide space to describe each component. If addition of lines usedto describe multiple components results in the Data Report exceeding one page, space must be provided for theManufacturer and Authorized Inspector to initial and date each of the additional pages. Horizontal spacing forinformation on each line may be altered as necessary. All information must be addressed; however, footnotesdescribed in the remarks block are acceptable, e.g., for multiple cases of “none” or “not applicable.(3)The Manufacturer shall [制造厂必须]:(a)furnish a copy of the Manufacturer's Data Report to the user and, upon request to the Inspector;[提供一份制造厂数据报告给用户, 如要求给授权检验师;](b)submit a copy of the Manufacturer's Data to the appropriate enforcement authority in thejurisdiction in which the vessel is to be installed where required by law;[如法规要求, 递交一份制造厂数据报告给容器安装地的主管当局的有关机构](c)keep a copy of the Manufacturer's Data Report in a safe repository for at least 3 years. In lieu of(b) above, the vessel may be registered and the Data Reports filed with the National Board ofBoiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, 1055 Crupper Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43229.[在一个安全的地方保存一份制造厂数据报告至少三年. 作为代替上述(b), 容器可以到美国锅炉和压力容器检验师总部注册,数据报告到该处备案.](4) A Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance on Form U-3 shall be completed and signed by the Manufacturerfor each pressure vessel marked with the Code UM Symbol. This Certificate shall be maintained by the Manufacturerfor 5 years and a copy made available upon request. Identical vessels up to 1 day’s production may be recorded on asingle Certificate of Compliance.The changes allow the Manufacturers to be audited more comprehensively.Revise Appendix 10-13 to require the retention of pertinent records by the Manufacturer for at least three years after the signing of the Manufacturers Data Report.该修改允许制造厂能够得到更全面的审查,在取证或换证审查中,相关的记录要提供给AIS或审核组审查.UG-134 UG-134 PRESSURE SETTING AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS [压力设定和性能要求](f) Pressure relief valves shall be designed and constructed, such that when installed per UG-135, the valves willoperate without chattering and shall not flutter at the flow-rated pressure in a way that either would interfere with themeasurement of capacity or would result in damage(中文翻译略)UG-136(c)(3) UG-136 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVESUG-136(c)(3) A Manufacturer or Assembler may be granted permission to apply the UV Code Symbol to productionpressure relief valves capacity certified in accordance with UG-131 provided the following tests are successfullycompleted. This permission shall expire on the fifth anniversary of the date it is initially granted. The permission maybe extended for 5 year periods if the following tests are successfully repeated within the 6-month period beforeexpiration.Paragraph 段落号Changes修改内容Explanation解释Two sample production pressure relief valves of a size and capacity within the capability of an ASME acceptedlaboratory shall be selected by a representative from an ASME designated organization. Pressure relief valveshaving adjustable blowdown construction shall have the control elements positioned by the Manufacturer orAssembler for a blowdown typical of production methodsOperational and capacity tests shall be conducted in the presence of a representative from an ASME designatedorganization at an ASME accepted laboratory. The pressure relief valve Manufacturer or Assembler shall be notifiedof the time of the test and may have representatives present to witness the test. If a pressure relief valve withadjustable blowdown construction selected from a Manufacturer exhibits a blowdown that exceeds7% of theset pressure or 3 psi (20 kPa), whichever is greater, during operational and capacity tests, then an adjustmentshall be made to meet this performance condition and the operational and capacity tests shall be repeated.This adjustment may be made on the flow test facility.Should any pressure relief valve fail to relieve at or above its certified capacity or should it fail to meetperformance requirements of this Division, the test shall be repeated at the rate of two replacement pressure reliefvalves, selected in accordance with (c)(3)(a) above, for each pressure relief valve that failed.Failure of any of the replacement pressure relief valves to meet the capacity or the performance requirements inUG-134 of this Division shall be cause for revocation within 60 days of the authorization to use the Code Symbol onthat particular type of pressure relief valve. During this period, the Manufacturer or Assembler shall demonstrate thecause of such deficiency and the action taken to guard against future occurrence, and the requirements of (c)(3)above shall apply.…(中文翻译略)UG-136(d)(2), UG-136(d)(3) UG-136 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVESUG-136(d) Production Testing by Manufacturers and AssemblersUG-136(d)(2) Hydrostatic Pressure Tes t(a)The pressure containing parts of each valve shall be hydrostatically tested at a pressure at least 1.5 times the design pressure of the parts. Parts meeting the following criteria shall be exempt from hydrostatic testing:(1)the applied stress under hydrostatic test conditions does not exceed 50% of the allowable stress: and(2)the part is not cast or welded.(b)Testing may be performed pneumatically at a pressure of 1.25 times the design pressure of the part. Pneumatic testing can be hazardous; it is therefore recommended that special precautions be taken when conducting a pneumatic test(c)Testing may be done in the component or assembled condition.(d)When the valve is designed for discharging directly to atmosphere, the valve components downstream of the valve disk are exempt from hydrostatic testing.(e)Valve components downstream of the disk and fully contained within the body are exempt from hydrostatic testing(f)These tests shall be conducted after all machining and welding operations on the parts have been completed(g)There shall be no visible sign of leakageUG-136(d)(3) The secondary pressure zone of each closed bonnet pressure relief valve exceeding NPS 1 (DN 25) inlet size when such pressure relief valves are designed for discharge to a closed system shall be tested with air orParagraph 段落号 Changes 修改内容Explanation解释other gas at a pressure of at least 30 psi (200 kPa). There shall be no visible sign of leakage. (see footnote 62)Footnote 62The User may specify a higher test pressure commensurate with the back pressure anticipated in service.(中文翻译略)UG-137(d)(2)UG-137 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR RUPTURE DISK DEVICES UG-137(d) Production Testing by Manufacturers UG-137(d)(2) Hydrostatic Pressure Tes t(a)The pressure containing parts of each rupture disk holder shall be hydrostatically tested at a pressure at least 1.5 times the design pressure of the parts. Holders meeting the following criteria shall be exempt from hydrostatic testing:(1)the applied stress under hydrostatic test conditions does not exceed 50% of the allowable stress; and(2)the holder is not cast or welded(b)Testing may be performed pneumatically at a pressure of 1.25 times the design pressure of the part. Pneumatic testing can be hazardous; it is therefore recommended that special precautions be taken when conducting a pneumatic test.(c)Testing may be done in the component or assembled condition.(d)When the outlet of the device is not designed to contain pressure, holder components downstream of the rupture disk are exempt from hydrostatic testing.(e)Holder components downstream of the rupture disk and fully contained within the holder are exempt from hydrostatic testing.(f)These tests shall be conducted after all machining and welding operations on the parts have been completed.(g)There shall be no visible sign of leakage(中文翻译略)Fig. UG-84.1 and Fig.UG-84.1M Under GENERAL NOTES (c), added See UCS-66(g) in the end. 在总的注解(C)下,最后增加”见UCS-66(g)”When a 5F (3C) tolerance was added to paragraphs UCS-66(g) for materials that are required to be impact tested by the material specification, no such tolerance was explicitly added to the Notes in the Figures referenced from those paragraphs. This editorial revision removes this apparent discrepancy and just references the Code paragraphs for the rules.编辑上的修改以消除前后文的明显矛盾.,UW-13(b)(1)UW-13 ATTACHMENT DETAILSUW-13(b)(1) Ellipsoidal, torispherical, and other types of formed heads, shall be attached to the shell with a butt weld or [以对接焊缝, 或] as illustrated in the applicable Fig. UW-13.1 sketches (a), (b), (c), (e), and (k). The construction shown in sketch (f) may also be used for end heads when the thickness of the shell section of the vessel does not exceed 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) [see also (c) below]. Limitations relative to the use of these attachments shall be as given in the sketches and related notes and in Table UW-12. Figure UW-13.1 sketches (g), (h), and (j) are examples of attachment methods which are not permissible.Fig. UW-13.1 sketch (d) illustrates the required details for the attachment of heads to shells with a butt weld. It is composed of two sketches; the right side sketch shows when a tapered transition per UW-13(b)(3) is required and the left side sketch shows when such a transition is not required.。
ASME管道焊接方案和焊接工艺规程
管路 阀门和焊条材料的等级以及准备采用的焊接方法应在焊接工作进行之前 予以规定 另外 一旦焊接工作结束 应提交相关检查和试验程序要求的所用 材料的试验报告 热处理证书 射线探伤试验报告 表面裂缝检查记录 硬度 试验报告
版本 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2
3
2 2 3 2 3 3 0 0
SUNTHER TRANSLATION
8
双泽翻译咨询公司译制
CHEC
WPS 焊接工艺卡 号 ASME-001 版本 3
焊接工艺卡(WPS)
公司名称 CHEC
编制 Li Can
WPS 号 ASME-001 日期 20/09/1998 工艺评定记录号
凡是要求预热温度高于 10 的地方 层间温度应至少与预热温度相等
焊接工艺规程表中给出的热处理参数涉及的是单条焊缝的热处理 这意味 着最长保持时间可以约为规定保持时间的 2 倍 在此情况下 如果采用火 炉热处理方式 则保持时间可以接近时间最小值 而温度则约为中间值 如果采用表面热处理方法 则温度约为最大值 在包含许多不同厚度的焊 口的管段中 如果可能 最好预制后只进行一次热处理 若使用本方法 则热处理参数并不完全适用于管段的某些焊口 热处理工艺验收应征得焊 接工程师的同意
C 钝边 0-1.5 mm 内径无须调整 焊接根部间隙 2-4mm
V2 打磨对口,壁厚 19mm
d1 Odn-0.79-1.75 壁厚-0.25 (Odn=公称外径)
β 坡口角度 35-37.5 度(支管 40-50 度) c 钝边 0-1.5mm
2 18-2 度 内径通过打磨或机加工以配合对 接坡口 焊接根部间隙 2-4mm
ASME规范中的焊接问题
b . 类别 本规程中的焊丝和焊剂类别设计要求应为譬如：F8A4EF3(N)-F3(N)，并应遵守第II卷C篇SFA 5.23的相应规 定。
③对焊剂的要求 焊剂类型，应为低氢型，碱度系数≥2 焊剂形状和颗粒度 焊剂工艺性 焊剂的含水量
ASME规范中的焊接问题
d. 试验项目 在焊态和热处理状态均需试验。包括射线检验、熔融金属 化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验、焊剂含水量测 定、熔融金属扩散氢含量等。
e. 焊缝试件 确定焊接规范参数和焊后热处理制度等
ASME规范中的焊接问题
4、焊接材料的化学分析试验 a. 化学分析的取样要求按表NC-2432.1-1进行
焊接材料
GTAW/PAW
GMAW 其他焊接工艺
A-N0.8 填充金属
填充金属或 焊缝熔敷金属
焊缝熔敷金属 焊缝熔敷金属
其他各种填充金属
填充金属或 焊缝熔敷金属
填充金属 或焊缝熔 敷金属
焊缝熔敷金属
ASME规范中的焊接问题
c. 制造
①批量要求 按SFA 5.01《填充金属采购导则》选用，一般推荐S3级，即焊丝 指的是从一个炉号在一个生产周期内所生产的一种规格的数量。 焊剂的批量一般可选用F2级，即在一个生产周期内用同一原材料 组合所生产的数量。
②对焊丝的要求 化学成分 规格和公差，直径公差一般为±0.6mm 表面质量 卷绕要求
气保焊丝：SFA5.18
E70S-1（TIG）、E70S-6
ASME规范中的焊接问题
ASME规范中的焊接问题
4、焊接材料的化学分析试验 a. 化学分析的取样要求按表NC-2432.1-1进行
焊接材料
GTAW/PAW
GMAW 其他焊接工艺
A-N0.8 填充金属
填充金属或 焊缝熔敷金属
焊缝熔敷金属 焊缝熔敷金属
其他各种填充金属
填充金属或 焊缝熔敷金属
填充金属 或焊缝熔 敷金属
焊缝熔敷金属
奥氏体—铁素体不锈钢埋弧焊焊丝—焊剂组合：化学分析、常温 和设计温度拉伸、δ-铁素体含量、晶间腐蚀**、（常温Cv）
镍基合金气体保护焊实心焊丝（GTAW）：化学分析、常温和设 计温度拉伸。
*用GTAW焊根部最多两层的焊接材料不需作拉伸和冲击试 验，此外，当母材不要求作冲击试验时，焊材也可免除。
**ASME一般不要作晶间腐蚀试验，如需要，由技术规格书规 定。
9A Gr.1 9B Gr.1
595~675℃ 595~635℃
30min
2min/mm
2min/mm
5h,t＞125mm时， 每增加1mm, 加0.5min
注：名义厚度指焊缝厚度或连接的承压材料的较薄者，角焊缝的名义厚度指角焊 缝的高度，部分焊透焊缝的名义厚度指焊接坡口高度。
ASME规范中的焊接问题
t≤13
t＞13~50
t＞50~125
t＞125
1，3
595~675℃
30min
2h,t＞50mm时 每增加1mm,
加0.5min
2min/mm
2h,t＞50mm时， 每增加1mm, 加0.5min
5h,t＞125mm时，
5
675~760℃ 30min
2min/mm
2min/mm
ASME标准中英文对照焊接术语(ASME锅炉和压力容器规范)
焊接术语（ASME锅炉和压力容器规范）ASME锅炉和压力容器规范中有关焊接术语定义QW-492电弧缝焊arc seam weld 采用电弧焊方法焊成的缝形焊缝。
电弧点焊arc spot weld 采用电弧焊方法焊成的点状焊缝。
弧伤arc strike 由于疏忽大意，使电能在完成的焊缝（或母材）表面与焊条或磁探头（电流源）之间通过，从而发生电弧，造成在完成的焊缝（或母材）的外形轮廓上的任何烧伤。
螺柱弧焊arc stud swelding 一种弧焊方法。
此法在金属螺柱（或类似零件）和另一工件之间引发电弧，直至被连接的表面受到适当加热，然后再以压力使两者接合起来。
在螺柱外围加一陶瓷护套，可以获得适当的部分保护。
焊剂或保护气体可用可不用。
电弧焊arc welding 电弧焊是指某一焊接方法群，此焊接方法群是以单弧或多弧加热的办法来实现接合，填充金属可用可不用，外加压力亦可用可不用。
焊态as-welded 焊缝金属、焊接接头和焊件，在焊接后未接受任何后续处理例如热处理、机械处理或化学处理之前的状态。
自动焊automatic welding 采用施焊时间无需焊接操作工调节控制钮的机器进行的焊接。
这类焊机可以也可以不执行装卸工件的工作，参见机动焊。
背面清根back gouging 从一个部分焊接的接头的另一面清除一些焊缝金属和母材，以保证从这一面作后续焊接时能完全焊透。
后焊法backhand welding 焊炬或焊枪的指向与焊接方向相反的一种焊接技术。
衬垫backing 为了支撑熔化的焊接金属在焊接接头的根部放置一材料。
背面气体backing gas 采用氩、氦、氮或活性气体之类，从焊接接头根部的背面（与焊接侧相反的一面）排除氧气。
母材base metal 被焊接的或被切割的金属。
熔合线bond line, fusion line 见fusion line对接接头butt joint 在近乎同一的平面内对装在一起的两元件之间的接头。
ASME规程学习总结焊接
ASME规程学习总结ASME概述：ASME是American Society of Mechanical Engineers（美国机械工程师协会）的英文缩写。
主要领域为机械工程的发展，是一个集设计、制造、安装、检验、试验为一体的标准规程。
ASME规程每年都会有更新增补，并且每三年修订一次。
目前ASME已增加到12卷，其中在火力电站建设应用的有5卷，分别是ASME Ⅰ卷动力锅炉建造规则、ASME Ⅱ卷材料、ASME Ⅴ卷无损检测、ASME Ⅷ卷压力容器建造规则、ASME Ⅸ卷焊接和钎焊评定。
焊接专业的各类指导性文件分别包括在了这5卷里。
各卷册的解释说明：（一）A SME Ⅸ焊接和钎焊评定此卷主要说了焊接工艺评定（WPS）的整理和焊工、焊接操作工的证书评定1、焊接工艺评定（WPS）：WPS是对焊接施工的一个指导性文件，所有的焊接工作都根据WPS施工，WPS包括内容有：焊接方法、材质、焊接材料、预热、热处理等详细的参数，支持焊接工艺评定的指导文件是工艺评定记录（PQR），PQR是在做焊接工艺评定时的记录。
不同的焊接方法和材质都对应不同的焊接工艺评定。
2、焊接工艺评定流程：做焊接工艺评定时主要包括3个条件，重要变素、附加重要变素、和非重要变素。
重要变素是焊接工艺评定中的重要环节，如果重要变素改变那么这个工艺评定就不能再用，需重新评定，因为重要变素影响焊缝的力学性能。
重要变素包括（母材材质的改变、焊接材料的改变、预热温度的大幅度改变、热处理温度的改变、保护气体的改变等）附加重要变素是当有冲击要求时才需要的变素，当改变附加重要变素时工艺评定也需要重新评定。
附加重要变素包括（层间温度、电极特性、母材厚度等）非重要变素是不影响焊缝力学性能的变素，非重要变素改变时焊接工艺评定不需重新评定。
非重要变素包括( 焊条直径、坡口形式、焊材厂家牌号等)有了这三个条件就可以做焊接工艺评定，流程为：坡口加工-----合格焊工焊接-----记录PQR-----表面检查-----无损检测-----力学性能试验（拉伸、弯曲、冲击）------工艺评定卡。
2007版及08增补ASME规范VIII-1与04版规范制造部分的主要差别1
图UW-16.3 带螺栓连接凸缘的一些许用形式增加：非强制性附录HH 换热管胀接工艺及其评定HH-1 总则本附录为以下管子与管板胀接接头的工艺规程要求：(a) 采用附录A表A-2接头系数rf(试验)设计的接头；(b) 采用附录A表A-2接头系数rf(不试验)设计的接头；(c)管孔的有效直径取决于换热管胀接深度()0>ρ按照UHX篇设计的管板中的接头。
鉴于附录A和UHX篇不考虑胀接接头的密封性，故本附录中也不考虑。
HH-2 范围本附录中的规则适用于本附录允许的各种胀接工艺的准备及其评定。
HH-3 术语和定义与管子胀接有关的一些常见术语如下：爆炸胀——爆炸力作用在需胀接的管子的某一长度段或多个长度段上的均匀压力胀接。
槽——管孔中机加工的环形凹槽。
组合胀——先以液压胀或爆炸胀使管壁减薄到一定程度以保证管子与管孔的接触，然后采用滚柱胀接，达到管壁规定的减薄率。
液压胀——液压力作用在需胀接的管子的某一长度段或多个长度段上的均匀压力胀接。
近接触动力胀——见爆炸胀。
平行胀管器——胀杆的锥角与淬硬滚柱的锥角大致相等且方向相反的滚胀工具，从而使滚柱均匀地施压于管子表面上。
壁厚减薄百分比——因胀接而造成的管壁厚度减薄量，用管子测得的壁厚百分率表示。
前进式滚胀——分步滚压，第一步从管板的正面或接近于管板的正面开始，然后朝着管板的背面逐步推进。
普鲁塞（prosser）——见分段胀管器。
普鲁塞（prosser）胀——用分段胀管器进行胀管。
后退式滚胀——分步滚压，第一步从管板的背面或接近于管板的背面开始，然后朝着管板的正面逐步推进。
滚柱胀——将胀管工具插入到与管孔对准的管子内进行胀接。
分块胀管器——内壁为锥形的翻边厚壁圆筒沿轴向被切成若干块并用带子绑在一起。
具有与圆筒内壁锥角相反的胀杆向前推时，迫使圆筒块外伸，胀大管子。
翻边端压紧管端或管板面保持胀管器相对于管子的位置不变。
自进式滚压工具——管子滚压工具，工具上开有与其中心线成某个角度的槽，顺时针方向旋转胀杆使工具进入管子，逆时针旋转则退出。
ASME锅炉压力容器规范第_卷新版焊接规范介绍_二_
标 准 规 范 ASME锅炉压力容器规范第Ⅸ卷新版焊接规范介绍(二)赵孟显摘 要:介绍了AS ME锅炉及压力容器规范第Ⅸ卷2007版(包括2007和2008增补)的主要内容和对该规范理解中的注意事项,将最新版与2004版进行了比较,并对该规范的使用进行了说明。
关键词:焊接;规范;工艺;技能;评定中图分类号:T-651;TH49 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-4837(2009)10-0041-09doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2009.10.0094 第Ⅸ卷使用中的注意事项4.1 W PS的编制和修改(1)W PS是为制造符合规范要求的产品焊缝而提供指导的,经过评定的焊接工艺文件。
W PS的有效性不受规范修改的影响,但要注意有例外,即当原来评定材料的P-No.或S-No.或组号在新版本中有修改时,则要对W PS进行相应的修改,虽然这种情况很少出现(2008增补强调此要求)。
(2)一份完整的W PS应述及在W PS中采用的、对每一种焊接方法而言的所有重要变素、非重要变素和当需要时的附加重要变素。
在W PS中应注明QW—200.2中所述的支持文件———工艺评定记录(P QR)。
制造商或承包商也可以在W PS中编进其它可能有助于制造规范焊接结构的资料。
(3)用于规范产品焊接的W PS,应当在制造现场便于获得,以供查考,并供授权检验师检查。
(4)为适应生产需要,可以变更W PS中的一些非重要变素,而无需重新评定,只要这种变更与焊接方法中的重要变素、非重要变素和当需要时的附加重要变素一样都附有文件。
文件可以是W PS的修正页,或代之以新的W PS。
(5)W PS的格式和表达方式,根据制造商或承包商的需要,可以是文字式或表格式的,只要QW—250至QW—280所要求的每一个重要变素、非重要变素和当需要时的附加重要变素都被包括无遗或被提及即可。
表格QW—482(见非强制性附录B)可作为W PS的一种指南。
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厚度范围Thickness Range:
母材Base Metal:坡口焊Groove1.5～20mm角焊Fillet全部ALL
焊道最大厚度Maximum Pass Thickness≤1/2in.(13mm)是(Yes)√否(No)
钨极尺寸和类型Tungsten ElectrodeSizeand Type无NO
溶滴过渡的形式Mode of Metal Transfer for GMAW(FCAW)无NO
送丝速度范围Electrode Wire feed speed range无NO
其它Other/
TECHNIQUE
直进焊或摆动焊String or Weave Bead直进焊或摆动焊String or Weave Bead
J427
φ3.2mm
DCEP
80-140
21~27
8～12
/
Amps and volts range should be recorded for each electrode size、position 、and thickness、etc.
脉冲电流Pulsing Current无NO热输入Heat Input(max.)315J/cm
钢号和等级或UNS号Specification and type /grade or UNS Number20#钢
与to钢号和等级或UNS号Specification and type /grade or UNS NumberGB/T8162-2008
化学成份和力学性能Chem.Analysis and Mech.Prop.487(Rm)
坡口焊缝Groovet≤8mm
角焊缝Fillet全部ALL
烘干温度Drying temperature350°~400°
保持温度Keep the temperature100°~150°
烘干时间Drying time1-~2（h）
可溶化嵌条Consumable Insert无NO
其它Other无NO ADDITIONAL FLUX
衬垫Backing：有Yes无NoSMAW
衬垫材料（型式）Backing Material(Type)
■金属Metal□不溶金属Nonfusing Metal
□非金属Nonmetallic□其它Other
Hale Waihona Puke 母材BASE METALSP-No.N/A组号Group No.N/A与To P-No.N/A组号Group No.N/A
嘴孔或喷嘴尺寸Orifice、Nozzle、or Gas Cup Size.不适用N.A
焊前清理和Initial and Interpass Cleaning抛光或打磨等Brushing or Grinding，etc
背面清根方法Method of Back Gouging无NO
横摆焊Oscillation不适用N.A.
其它Other/
焊接材料Weldind material
焊材牌号Trade Model：J427
国际型号GB Model：E4315
焊材直径Welding wire diameterφ3.2mm
附加填充经属Supplemental Filler Metal无NO
熔敷焊缝金属的厚度范围Weld Metal Thickness Range:
自动化等级Type(s)(Automatic, Manual, Machine, or Semi-Auto)手工Manual
（自动、手工、机动或半自动）
接头JOINTS详图Details
接头型式Joint Design见图纸See Construction Drawing
组对间隙Root Spacing见图纸See Construction Drawing
电极间距Electrode Spacing不适用N.A.
锤击Peening无NO
其它Other/
焊后热处理POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
温度范围Temperature Range不适合用N.A.
时间范围Time Range不适用N.A.
其它Other自然冷却
气体GAS
保护气Shielding无NO
尾部保护气Trailing无NO
背面保护气Backing无NO
其它Other无NO
导电嘴至工件距离Contact Tube to Work Distance不适用N.A.
多道焊或单道焊（每侧）Multiple or Single Pass(Per Side)多道焊或多道焊Multiple or Single
多丝焊或单丝焊Multiple or Single Electrode不适用N.A.
焊接工艺规范
Welding Process Specification(WPS)
According to ASME IX revision
公司名称常熟盛大金属制品有限公司
WPS编号WPS No.WPS-01日期Date2014-6-10
版次Revision No.0日期Date
焊接方法Welding Process(es)手工电弧焊SMAW
生产厂家The manufacturer金桥
批号Batch No.12071027
焊接位置POSITIONS
坡口位置Positions of Groove平焊
焊接方向Welding Progressing（向上）(Up)向上Up
角焊缝位置Positions of Fillet全部ALL
其它Other/
填充金属Filler Metal
电流Current
电压范围Volts Range
焊接速度范围Travel Speed Range
(cm/min)
其它Other
种类Classification
直径Diameter
极性和种类Type and Polarity
电流范围Amps Range
填充Fill
SMAW
预热PREHEAT
最小预热温度Preheat Temp. Min16℃
最大层间温度Interpass Temp. Max.不适用N.A.
预热保持方式Preheat Maintenance无NO
其它Other/
电特性ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
焊层WeldPass(es)
焊接方法Process