重庆医科大学内科学(呼吸内科学)2012年考博真题

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博士内科试题及答案

博士内科试题及答案考试题目一：1. 内科领域中，下列哪种疾病主要由细菌感染引起？（单选）A. 糖尿病B. 高血压C. 结肠癌D. 肺炎答案：D. 肺炎解析：肺炎是一种由细菌感染引起的呼吸系统疾病。

考试题目二：2. 下列哪项是心脏病的常见症状？（多选）A. 胸闷B. 头痛C. 呼吸困难D. 心悸答案：A. 胸闷、C. 呼吸困难、D. 心悸解析：胸闷、呼吸困难和心悸是心脏病的常见症状。

考试题目三：3. 下列哪种疾病主要由病毒感染引起？（单选）A. 高血压B. 糖尿病C. 流感D. 胃溃疡答案：C. 流感解析：流感是一种由病毒感染引起的呼吸道疾病。

考试题目四：4. 下列哪种疾病主要由免疫系统异常引起？（单选）A. 糖尿病B. 白血病C. 心脏病D. 哮喘答案：A. 糖尿病解析：糖尿病是一种由免疫系统异常引起的代谢性疾病。

考试题目五：5. 下列哪项是肾脏疾病的常见症状？（多选）A. 头晕B. 水肿C. 血尿D. 高热答案：B. 水肿、C. 血尿解析：水肿和血尿是肾脏疾病的常见症状。

考试题目六：6. 下列哪项是支气管哮喘的常见诱因？（多选）A. 烟草烟雾B. 空气污染C. 花粉D. 阳光答案：A. 烟草烟雾、B. 空气污染、C. 花粉解析：烟草烟雾、空气污染和花粉是引起支气管哮喘的常见诱因。

考试题目七：7. 内科医生主要负责诊治下列哪些疾病？（多选）A. 心脏病B. 骨折C. 高血压D. 肝炎答案：A. 心脏病、C. 高血压、D. 肝炎解析：内科医生主要负责诊治心脏病、高血压和肝炎等疾病。

总结：本试卷涵盖了博士内科考试中的一些常见问题，包括疾病的主要症状、病因及诊断。

希望通过这些试题和答案的学习，能够增加对内科领域的了解，提升博士内科考试的准确性和综合能力。

请广大考生认真学习，切实提高自己的知识水平。

祝大家取得优异成绩！。

主治医师 (内科学)-呼吸内科学(A1-A2型题 2)

主治医师 (内科学)-呼吸内科学(A1/A2型题 2)1、61岁肺气肿及肺源性心脏病患者，下列说法不正确的是A.胸片上可见肺动脉段突出B.肝大及下肢水肿C.肺动脉瓣区第第二心音亢进D.上中腹部有波动感E.在胸片上可见Kerley-B线2、61岁的男性患者出现呼吸困难，肺功能检查提示残气量为正常的130％，总容量为正常的120％，这个患者可能存在A.支气管扩张B.肺不张C.肺纤维化D.肺气肿E.肺源性心脏病3、某男性患者，36岁，患慢性哮喘近20年，严重影响工作和生活。

下列治疗中不妥当的是A.吸入表面激素B.茶碱缓释片(或控释片)C.应用抗生素控制炎症D.适当联合β受体激动剂E.有选择性联合抗过敏药物4、某女性患者，59岁，确诊为COPD15年，最近1周病情加重。

入院时神志清楚，动脉血气分析示PaCO50mmHg，PaO45mmHg。

吸入40％浓度氧后，患者呼之不应，查动脉血气分析示PaCOmmHg，PaO75mmHg。

患者出现意识障碍的原因是A.感染加重B.气道阻力增加C.感染中毒性脑病D.脑血管意外E.呼吸中枢受到抑制5、某女性患者，31岁，因高热、右侧胸膜性胸痛、咳嗽2天就诊。

胸部X线检查示右侧中等量胸腔积液。

胸腔积液常规检查蛋白50g／L，白细胞计数3．0×10／L，中性粒细胞0．70，淋巴细胞0．30。

PPD试验15mm×18mm。

下列处理不妥当的是A.痰涂片找抗酸杆菌B.试验性抗结核或联合激素治疗C.抽吸胸腔积液D.试验性抗结核联合抗菌治疗E.进一步检查胸腔积液生化、酶学、细菌学等6、某男性患者，39岁，发热3周，体重下降，呼吸困难，伴左侧胸痛。

胸片见左侧第2肋间以下外高内低弧形密度增高影，以下说法不正确的是A.胸腔积液pH可能低于7．3B.胸腔穿刺液需氧菌培养可能阴性C.初期治疗3～6个月后，可能需做胸膜剥脱术D.治疗应包括胸腔内滴入四环素E.需要插管闭式引流7、某男性患者，39岁，哮喘急性发作5天。

2012全国医学考博英语真题+答案详解

20201212年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题试卷一(Paper one)Part l Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The questionwill be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET。

Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.The woman's condition is critical.B.The woman has been picking up quite well.C.The woman's illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D.The woman won't see the doctor any more.2. A.A broken finger. B.A terrible cough.C.Frontal headaches.D.Eye problem.3. A.She needs a physical examination. B.She is in good health.C.It's good to have a doctor friend.D.It's good to visit the doctor.4. A.He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.B.He prefers to get antioxidants from food.C.He doesn't mind eating a lot every day.D.He is overcautious sometimes.5. A.The blouse is a bargain. B.The blouse is too expensive.C.The blouse is colorful.D.The blouse is so fashionable.6. A.To queue for a ticket. B.To take man's offer.C.To buy a ticket online.D.To try an agency.17. A.She disagrees with the man.B.She couldn't agree with the man more.C.It's hard for them to fulfill their plans.D.It's impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.8. A.One minute. B.Fifteen minutes.C.Half an hour.D.Five minutes.9. A.She is freezing cold. B.She is crazy about ice cream.C.She has a headache.D.She has brain fever.10. A.She can't wait for the man. B.She is very eager to see the man.C.She will go to the USA with the man.D.She expects the man to stay.11. A.A cold. B.A headache.C.A hoarse voice.D.Insomnia.12. A.To go to Susan for advice. B.To try to think like Susan.C.To break up with Susan.D.To have a date with Susan.13. A.She will become a famous singer soon. B.She will become an American idol.C.She will sign up for a talent show.D.She will surely stand out from the crowd.14. A.To take a month off work. B.To rest in bed as much as possible.C.To take some herbal medicine.D.To put on plaster.15. A.The Chinese face cream. B.The American face cream.C.The French perfume.D.The medication.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear three passages.After each one,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One16. A.White blood cell count. B.Red blood cell count.C.X-ray.D.ECG.17. A.Too much work to do. B.A heavy load of studying.C.Her daughter's sickness.D.Her insufficient income.18. A.Leukemia. B.Gastric ulcer.C.Immune disease.D.Gastric influenza.19. A.Take the white tablets three times a day. B.Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.C.Take one or two white tablets at a time.D.Take two charcoal tablets a day.20. A.Stay off work. B.Drink plenty of liquids.C.Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.D.Postpone your exercise when sick.Passage Two21. A.35million. B.34million. C.25million. D.20million.22. A.Author,professor and dreamer B.Writer,professor and insomniac.C.Author,psychologist and insomniac.D.Dramatist,psychologist and scientist.23. A.Sleeping in8-hour consolidated blocks.B.Sleeping during day time.C.Going to bed soon after dark.2D.Two blocks of4-hour sleep with a waking break.24. A.Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.B.Because they sleep very little.C.Because they are insensitive.D.Because they can't complain.25. A.Sleep is highly variable,and wears out with age.B.Falling asleep is a gradual process.C.Sleeping less will help you lose weight.D.People need to sleep eight hours a day.Passage Three26. A.Eight-year-olds. B.Twelve-year-olds.C.Seventeen-year-olds.D.Adults.27. A.The use off MRI. B.The use of computer tasks.C.The three-way division of the subjects.D.The instructions given to the subjects.28. A.12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.B.12-year-olds function the same as8-year-olds.C.8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.D.12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.29. A.Not bad. B.Excellent.C.Not so good.D.Got it wrong this time.30. A.Scientists. B.The general public.C.Teachers at the kindergarten.D.Children with Attention Deficit Disorder Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the statements are incomplete,beneath each of which there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Her dietician suggested that_____diet and moderate exercise would help her recover soon.A.temperateB.temporaryC.tentativeD.tempting32.His health compels him to______in his early30s.e offB.knock offC.drop offD.pull off33.Two days later he regained his consciousness,forgetful of what had happened in the______A.transparencyB.transiencyC.tranceD.trace34.Despite financial belt-tightening this year,Christmas still represents a great time for_____A.arroganceB.surveillanceC.indulgenceD.turbulence35.A succession of______visits by the two countries'leaders have taken their relations out ofthe cooler over the past20months.A.reciprocalB.receptiveC.repulsiveD.Redundant36.The prime minister,beset by______support rate,made the decision to resign over theweekend to avoid a political vacuum.A.spontaneousB.strenuousC.soaringD.sluggish,337.Beijing Tourism Bureau has released a list of translations for2,753dishes and drinksto______public opinions.A.solicitB.perceiveC.conceiveD.investigate38.The greatest risk for rickets is in______breastfed infants who are not supplemented with400 IU of Vitamin D a day.A.exceptionallyB.practicallyC.exclusivelyD.proportionately39.The government is spending hundreds of billions extending the electricity_______to every remote village for the improvement of farmers'livelihoods.A.gridB.grantC.groveD.grandeur40.Social scientists believe that societies with a_______of young men without hope of marriage suffer from instability,violence and surges in crime.A.swarmageB.hatchC.gangD.surplusSection BDirections:In this section you each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word orphrase which are best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted forthe underlined part.Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.She,a crazy fan,felt a tingle of excitement at the sight of Michael Jackson.A.glimpseB.gustC.panicD.pack42.She could never transcend her resentments against her mother's partiality for her brother.A.disciplineplainC.conquerD.defy43.One could neither trifle with a terror of this kind,nor compromise with it.A.belittleB.exaggerateC.ponderD.eliminate44.In light of his good record,the police accepted defense.A.In place ofB.In view ofC.In spite ofD.In search of45.City officials stated that workers who lied on their employment applications may be terminated.A.accusedB.punishedC.dismissedD.suspended46.An outbreak of swine flu outside of Mexico City was blamed for the deaths of more than a hundred people in April2009.A.attached toB.ascribed toposed ofD.related to47.When a forest goes ablaze,it discharges hundreds of chemical compounds,including carbon monoxide.A.puts outB.passes offC.pulls outD.sends out48.Unfortunately,the bridge under construction clasped in the earthquake,so they had to do thewhole thing again from scratch.A.from the beginningB.from now onC.from time to timeD.from the bottom49.Identical twin sisters have led British scientists to a breakthrough in leukemia research thatpromises more effective therapies with fewer harmful side-effects.A.administersB.nurturesC.inspiresD.ensures50.Radical environmentalists have blamed pollutants and synthetic chemicals in pesticides forthe disruption of human hormones.A.disturbanceB.distractionC.intersectionD.interpretation4Part III C l oze(10%)Directions:In this section there is passage with ten numbered blanked.For each blank,there are choices marked A,B,C and D listed below the passage.Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dear Dr.Benjamin,Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General.Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to51health disparities among underserved populations,no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans.Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his or her own lasting legacy.Dr.Koop focused on smoking prevention.Dr.Satcher one of52mentors, released the first comprehensive report on mental health.We encourage you to build your own legacy53concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles--a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effective.This also is an important issue for Members of Congress,many of whom believe that54prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives.The American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative.ACSM,the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world,55 ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors-especially physical activity--throughout the life span.During this crucial period of health system reform,we've been advocating for strategies that support preventive medicine not just through diagnostic testing,56promoting healthy, active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost.In fact,ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon General's office,focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our Exercise Is Medicine TM program,a program that57calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine.As you are58aware,physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions--such as heart disease,type II diabetes,and obesity–that currently plague our country.Your example as59whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed.Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed,we would60the opportunity to meet with you and your staff to discuss how we,along with other leading health organizations,can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity.Again,Dr,Benjamin,I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes.Sincerely,James Pivarnik,Ph.D.,FACSMPresident,American College of Sports Medicine51. A.handle B.eliminate C.achieving D.addressing52. A.his own B.our own C.your own D.her own53. A.around B.above C.at D.across54. A.promoted B.promoting C.having been promoting D.having been promoted55. A.put B.got C.sits D.stands56. A.but for B.but that C.but by D.but also57. A.arguably B.excessively C.specifically D.exceptionally558. A.well B.better C.the very D.the most59. A.those B.one C.this D.it60. A.greet B.welcome C.deserve D.celebratePart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneAs the defining epidemic of a modem age notable for overconsumption and excess,obesity is hard to beat.The increased availability of high-fat,high-sugar foods,along with more sedentary lifestyles,has helped push the number of obese people worldwide to beyond400million,and the number of overweight to more than1.6billion.By2015,those figures are likely to grow to700 million and2.3billion respectively,according to the World Health Organization.Given the health implications--increased risk of heart disease,stroke,diabetes and some cancers--anything that helps people avoid piling on the pounds must be a good thing,right?Those who agree will no doubt welcome the growing success of researchers striving to develop"diet pills"that provide a technical fix for those incapable of losing weight any other way. Last week a study published in The Lancet showed that tesofensine,which works by inducing a sense of fullness,is twice as effective as any other drug at enabling patients to lose weight.There is no question that advances such as this are good news for those with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity.But for the rest of us it is dangerous to see treatment as a more effective solution than prevention.There are several reasons for this.For a start,the traditional ways of maintaining a safe weight,such as limiting what you eat,increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and taking more exercise,are beneficial for our health in many ways.Second,overindulgence in fatty foods has implications for the entire planet.Consider the deleterious environmental effects of the rising demand for meat.As demonstrated in our special issue on economic growth,technological fixes will not compensate for excessive consumption. Third,interfering with the brain circuits that control the desire for food can have an impact on other aspects of a person's personality and their mental and physical health.We need two approaches:more research into the genetics of obesity to understand why some people are more susceptible,and greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death.Cynics will say we've tried education and it hasn't worked.That is defeatist:getting people to change their behavior takes time and effort,held back as we are by our biological tendency to eat more than we need,and by the food industry's ruthless opportunism in exploiting that.Drugs will be the saving of a few--as a last resort.But the global obesity problem is one of lifestyle,and the solution must be too.61.In the first paragraph all the figures surrounding obesity reflect________A.a close link between growing obese and developing diseaseB.the inevitable diseases of modem civilizationC.the war against the epidemic we have lostD.the urgency of the global phenomenon62.When it comes to the recently reported diet pills,the author would say that________6A.drags are no replacement of preventionB.the technical advance is not necessarily good newsC.the technical fix does help reverse the obesity epidemicD.the mechanism of tesofensine still remains to be verified63.Which of the following can be referred to as the environmental perspective of the author'sargument?A.Belittling good health behavior.B.Imposing a heavy burden on our planet.C.Making trouble for our social environment.D.Having implications for mental and physical health.64.The author argues that we make greater efforts to help people fight against_________A.their biological overeating tendency and aggressively marketed foodsB.the development of diet pills as a technical fix for obesityC.their excuses for their genetic susceptibility to obesityD.the defeatism prevailing in the general populations65.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.No Quick FixB.Disease of CivilizationC.Pursuing a Technical FixD.A War on Global ObesityPassage TwoAn abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks.A$700million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown22miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg,housing2,000residents by2010.The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an "authentic Chinese experience.""You'll be able to experience China,go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,"says Stefan Kunigam,managing director of Bandenburg-China -Project-Management GmbH.The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China,reports Christoph Lang of Berlin's Trade and Industry promotion Office."Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here."He says."The cultural environment is very important for them.You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown."Germany is home to about72,000Chinese migrants(2002Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early1930s in Hamburg,when most of the city's2,000Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis.German's more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government,reports Deutsche Welle(DW),Germany's international broadcaster.DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfel's xenophobic(恐外的)comments about "state-subsidized Oriental mega-families"at first went largely uncriticized."Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments,"DW quotes Miriam Gruss,a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian."Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society.It's not a minor phenomenon."The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy andTolerance program in January2007as part of its tolerance-building efforts.7While it is not clear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown,developers hope the project will increase Germans'understanding for China and Chinese culture.66.If set up,according to the passage,the new German Chinatown will probably be_______A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New YorkB.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parksC.located in the north suburbs of BerlinD.the biggest one in Germany67.When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown,Lang means_______A.the real imported goods made in ChinaB.the authoritative permission for the projectC.the importance of the location for a ChinatownD.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture68.By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany,the author most probablymeans that_________A.it is too late to build a ChinatownB.it is their desire to save a ChinatownC.it is important to create jobs for themD.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there69.According to the passage,German anti-foreigner extremismA.can seed the new community with hatredB.could be an obstacle to the projectC.will absolutely kill the planD.is growing for the scheme70.The message from the plan is clear:A.to build a new communityB.to fight against right-wing extremismC.to promote more cultural understandingD.to increase Chinese's understanding of GermanyPassage ThreeThe American research university is a remarkable institution,long a source of admiration and wonder.The idyllic(田园诗的),wooded campuses,the diversity and energy of the student populations,and,most of all,the sheer volume of public and private resources available to nm them,have made them the envy of the world.Seen from the inside,however,everything is not quite so rosy.Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools,which have separate healthcare and finance issues,the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent.The bedrock of each university is a system of discipline-specific departments.The strength of these departments determines the success and prestige of the institution as a whole.This structure raises a few obvious questions.One is the relevance of the department-based structure to the way scientific research is done.Many argue that in a host of areas--ranging from computational biology and materials science to pharmacology and climate science--much of the most important research is now interdisciplinary in nature.And there is a sense that,notwithstanding years of efforts to adapt to this change by encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration,the department-based structure of the university is essentially at odds with such collaboration.8A second set of issues surrounds the almost static nature of the departmental system.In a country where most things are highly fluid,the fields covered by departments,as well as the pecking order(权势等级)between them,have remained largely unchanged for many years.Aspeople and money have flowed,particularly over the past twenty years,to the south and the southwest,the strongest US universities and departments remain embedded in the northeast and in California.League tables drawn up by the National Academy of Sciences and others show little movement in this pecking order,even over several decades.Another,perhaps more contentious,issue concerns the relevance of the modem research university to the community it serves.The established model,whatever else its strengths and weaknesses,reflects the desire of the middle classes for undergraduate training that prepares their offspring for a stable career.But how does it serve a society in which people may have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?71.The passage begins with the presentation of the American research university_______A.in a unique wayB.in a jealous toneC.in the eyes of outsidersD.out of personal admiration72.The traditional model of the US research university________A.determines the complexity of the single-discipline departmentB.is well established with competition among its departmentsC.ensures the success and prestige of each single departmentD.is characterized by the department-based structure73.The structure of the US research university,the author contends,needs to be stretched_____A.to change the way scientific research is done along the disciplineB.to promote individuality and creativity in doing scienceC.to address the current interdisciplinary challengesD.to advance the discipline-based department74.In addition to the department-based structure,the pecking order_______A.remains unchallenged as the name of the gameB.fosters unfair competition at the American institutionC.contributes to insufficient interdisciplinary collaborationD.makes uneven allocations of financial resource among the US universities75.What can be inferred from the question:But how does it serve a society in which people mayhave to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?A.The American societal structure has an impact on that of the research university.B.College students need to be trained to be dedicated to the social value of science.C.The modem research university ought to change the way it serves the middle class.D.The established model serves as an obstacle to the best service of the society.Passage FourScience and politics make uncomfortable bedfellows.Rarely is this more true than in the case of climate change,where it is now time for emergency counseling.One point repeatedly made at last week's climate change congress in Copenhagen was that formulating an action plan to curb climate change is not a job of scientists.Politicians may be left scratching their heads over what to do,but at this stage climatescientists cannot provide more guidance than they did in the2007report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,for two reasons.9First,models will never provide a straightforward prediction of how the climate will change. As one Copenhagen delegate put it:"Tell me what the stock market will do in100years and I will tell you what the climate will do."Second as most climate scientists will agree,their role is not toformulate policy.They can provide more or less apocalyptic(大灾预测的)scenarios of what will happen if emissions hit certain thresholds,from burning forests to disappearing islands.But when politicians ask what is the absolute maximum amount of carbon dioxide we should allow to be pumped out,the answer is,invariably,how much risk do you want to take?There are ways out of the deadlock.As the major climate negotiations in December approach,scientists need to be able to take off their labcoats sometimes and speak as concerned citizens.Some may feel uncomfortable with blurting the line between science and activism,but they should be aware that no one understands the risks better than they do and no one is better placed to give informed opinions.Politicians,for their part,should stop begging climatologists for easy answers.What they need instead is a new breed of advisers to descend from the ivory towers of academia and join the climate fray–people who are willing and able to weight up the risks,costs and benefits of various degrees of action.If all else fails,there may still be the safety net of geoengineering.As we have said on several occasions,this option can no longer be dismissed as fantasy.Reputable scientists are discussing options among themselves and with policy-makers,but the fact that we are even considering it should spur governments to cut emissions,cut them deeply and cut them fast. Geoengineering is no get-out-of-jail-free card;it has dangers of its own.The military are already taking an interest,raising the spectre of climate weapons able to divert rainfall and bring drought. That is the last thing we want.76.In the case global warning,scientists_______A.tend to be more conservative than politiciansB.are in no position to offer a definite answerC.never trust politicians as in other casesD.feel incapable more than ever before77.Speaking of climate change,politicians______A.don't like it when scientists are indirectB.never see eye to eye with scientists thereC.seldom want to play the game with scientistsD.are left puzzled over the formulation of policy78.To bridge the gap between the two sides,according to the passage,scientists are supposedto_______A.act with more concern and enthusiasmB.discard their prejudice towards politiciansC.be definite enough to offer informed opinionsD.do as concerned citizens do in protecting environment79.For their part,politicians ought to be reasonable and_______A.pick up the right scientists for informed opinionsB.place policy and decision in the hands of scientistsC.receive reeducation in the ivory towers of academia10D.choose those who can provide a straightforward prediction80.The author reminds those who are talking about geoengineering of________A.the other alternatives in the matterB.the climate weapon as a double-edged swordC.the dangers of the fantasy among the reputable scientistsD.the urgency of emission reduction on the part of governmentsPassage FiveYou are what you eat notwithstanding,it is only recently that most consumers have become interested in the technical details of their food's composition,production and transport.With obesity and climate change now major concerns,and"localvore"and"food miles"entering the lexicon,shoppers are clamoring for information.And many food companies are happy to supply it, resulting in a dizzying array of multicolored labels and claims.But not everyone is happy.A proposed law in Indiana is the latest attempt in the United States to ban milk labels proclaiming that the cows from whence the milk came were not treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone(rBGH,also called recombinant bovine somatotropin or rbST).This hormone,produced by engineered bacteria,is virtually identical to the cow's own and can increase milk production by10-15%.There are two bad arguments for banning such labels.The f~t--that it is impossible to determine from the milk whether the cow was injected with rBGH--is the reason cited in the bill language.The second--that proliferation of"no rBGH"labels will train consumers to distrust the product--is the real motivation.The first argument can be disposed of easily:it is already illegal to make false claims about a product.The second argument may seem more convincing.There is no firm scientific evidence that injecting cows with rBGH affects human health in any way,but prevalent labeling touting the absence of rBGH would suggest to consumers that there are some differences.The mandating(颁布)of an additional phrase such as that agreed last month in Pennsylvania--"No significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rbST-treated and non-rbST-treated cows" ---ameliorates(减轻)this problem.There are good reasons not to ban accurate labels.More information means that consumers can be more discerning,and not just about their own health.They can vote with their purchases for farming practices they prefer.And if a company wants to use a technology with a bad reputation,it is the firm's responsibility to educate the consumer about why it is beneficial.If consumers choose irrationally to reject it,that is their prerogative(特权).Capitalism thrives on the irrationality of consumers,from their noted fear of smelling bad,to their preference for redness in apples,farmed salmon and fast-food signage(标记).Indeed,if consumers were suddenly to become rational,an economic cataclysm(大灾难) would result,as households in all the rich nations would cut their consumption to only what they really needed.Such a crash would no doubt make the current economic doldrums(萧条)look like the mildest hiccup(打嗝)。

呼吸内科单选(内科)4

一、单选题（每题只有一个正确答案，共300道题）1、男性，40岁。

1周前受凉后咳嗽，咯痰。

体检；左下肺可闻及湿罗音，胸片示左下肺炎。

请问最可能的病原菌是；A、支原体B、军团菌C、衣原体√D、肺炎链球苗E、病毒2、女性，40岁。

2天来突感右侧胸痛，伴发热，咳嗽，咯痰。

体检：右肺可闻及少许湿罗音，胸片示右下肺炎。

患者胸痛是由于炎症累及：A、脏层胸膜B、肺泡C、肺间质√D、壁层胸膜E、肺血管3、男性，50岁。

进行性胸闷、气促、咳嗽5年，诊断为弥漫性肺间质纤维化，请问下面哪项为该病的特征性体征，A、哮鸣音B、小水泡音C、大水泡音D、痰鸣音√E、吸气相高调爆裂音4、女性，60岁。

吸气性呼吸困难3个月。

体检：肺部可闻及吸气相喘鸣音。

以下诊断最不可能的是：A、喉头水肿B、喉、气管炎症C、肺癌D、异物√E、哮喘5、痰的性状、量及气味对诊断有一定帮助，以下哪项不正确A、大量黄脓痰常见于肺脓肿或支气管扩张B、铁锈样痰可能是肺炎链球菌感染C、红棕色胶冻样痰可能是肺炎克雷白杆菌感染D、肺水肿时，咳粉红色稀薄泡沫痰√E、肺吸虫病为咖啡样痰6、从2002年底以来，在我国及世界范围内暴发的传染性非典型肺炎(严重急性呼吸综合征，severe acute respiratory syndrome，简称SARS)疫情，关于其特点，下列哪项不正确√A、多发生于儿童B、多发生于中青年C、传染性强D、病死率高缺乏针对性药物E、急性起病7、男性，20岁。

1周前因劳累后出现咳嗽、咯痰、发热。

体检：右下肺可闻及湿罗音，胸片示右下肺炎，诊断为社区获得性肺炎。

请问下列哪项不是最主要的病原菌A、肺炎链球菌B、流感嗜血杆菌C、军团菌√D、衣原体E、大肠埃希菌8、男性，70岁。

吸烟史40年，3月来出现咳嗽，以高亢的干咳为特点，伴有呼吸困难，最可能的诊断：A、气管炎B、肺炎C、肺脓肿D、哮喘√E、肺癌9、与体循环比较，肺是一个低压的器官，肺循环血压是体循环的多少A、1／2B、1／5√C、1／10D、1／8E、1／310、女性，14岁。

呼吸内科考试试题及答案精选全文完整版

A、肺梗塞
B、肺性脑病
C、自发性气胸
D、急性肺部感染
E、右心衰竭
20.肺脓肿肺叶切除的指征（D）
A、血源性肺脓肿
B、脓性痰伴有臭味者
C、并发铜绿假单胞菌感染
D、支气管阻塞，引流不畅
21.支原体肺炎治疗首选（D）
A、青霉素B、氨基糖苷类C、喹诺酮类D、大环内酯类
22.老年患者突然发生寒战高热，咳嗽咳痰，痰粘稠，呈砖红色，胶冻状，引起感染最可能的致病菌是（A）
E、卷曲霉素、异烟肼
32.慢性支气管炎的诊断标准是（B）
A、咳嗽.咳痰或伴喘息反复发作2年以上
B、咳嗽.咳痰或伴喘息反复发作，每年至少3个月，并持续2年或以上者
C、咳嗽.咳痰伴喘息3个月以上
D、长期有咳嗽.咳痰伴喘息经一般内科治疗不愈者
33.下列哪项是降低肺心病肺动脉高压的首选治疗（A）
A、氧疗
B、支气管扩张剂
43.严重Ⅱ呼吸衰竭不宜高浓度给氧的原因是（C）
A、缺氧不是主要原因
B、可引起氧中毒
C、降低颈动脉窦化学感受器的兴奋性
D、促使二氧化碳排除过快
E、诱发代谢性碱中毒
44.男性，59岁。咳嗽、咳痰6年，心悸气短2年、口唇发绀、颈静脉充盈、桶状胸、双下肢轻度水肿、肝颈回流征阴性、三尖瓣区收缩期杂音。腹水征阴性。血气：PaO249mmHg，PaCO256mmHg，pH7.36，诊断为(C)
三、简答题（每题5分，共计15分）
1、简述支气管哮喘的诊断标准？
A、克雷伯杆菌
B、葡萄球菌
C、铜绿假单胞菌
D、流感嗜血杆菌
23.男性，25岁。农民，发作性咳嗽伴哮鸣音2年，多出现在清理谷仓后，下列哪一项最有助于区别肺嗜酸性粒细胞增多性浸润和支气管哮喘（E）

呼吸内科考试试卷及答案(3卷)

一、标准配伍型(B型题)(2小题,共7.0分)(3分)[1]A、支气管哮喘B、心源性哮喘C、慢性阻塞性肺疾病D、支气管肺癌E、变态反应性肺浸润(1)多发生于中老年人，以慢性咳嗽咳痰为主，并发喘息，病程迁延，两肺有干湿啰音( )(2)气急、喘鸣、刺激性咳嗽，常痰中带血，支气管解痉药物治疗效果欠佳( )(3)发热、咳嗽、喘鸣，肺部X线显示多变多发性淡薄斑片状浸润阴影( )(4分)[2]A、选择性抑制炎症细胞释放介质B、抑制胆碱能受体，降低迷走神经兴奋性C、增强平滑肌细胞βD、抑制磷酸二酯酶，减少cAMP的水解E、激活腺苷酸环化酶，使细胞内cAMP含量增加(1)β( )(2)色甘酸二钠( )(3)茶碱类药物( )(4)糖皮质激素( )二、病例串型最佳选择题(A3-A4型题)(3小题,共9.0分)(3分)[1]男，16岁，反复阵发性干咳2年，寒冷天气发作更频。

本次发作时深呼气末可闻及干啰音，肺功能FEV/FVC为预计值的60%，IgE水平正常；缓解期肺部无体征，肺功能正常。

(1)最可能的诊断是( )A、肺结核B、支气管哮喘C、慢性阻塞性肺疾病D、支气管扩张E、支气管淋巴结核(2)为明确诊断可采用以下何项进一步检查措施( )A、胸部照片B、肺功能弥散试验C、血气分析D、支气管镜检查E、吸入支气管扩张剂后再作FEV(3)下列哪项治疗较为合适( )A、舒喘灵、二丙酸氯地米松交替气雾吸入B、氨茶碱+皮质激素C、色甘酸二钠+二丙酸氯地米松气管吸入D、抗生素+色甘酸二钠E、氧疗+氨茶碱(3分)[2]男，15岁，受凉后咽痛、干咳、低热乏力2周，近日感纳差，四肢肌肉痛。

X线显示下肺部多形态的浸润影，呈节段性分布。

(1)还应作哪项检查最有助于诊断( )A、冷凝试验B、肝功能C、痰培养D、血常规E、OT试验(2)该患者血常规：WBC 6.5×10/L，N 0.75，L 0.25，痰培养为口腔正常菌群；冷凝集试验确定效价为1:45。

第八版内科学呼吸内科考试试题

呼吸内科考试题及答案及解析 2017-12-13圆月弯刀著一、名词解释1. Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭和Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭鉴别：Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭动脉血气分型缺氧,但没有CO2的潴留，PaO＜60mmHg缺氧还有CO2的潴留. PaO＜60mmHg，PaCO2＞50mmH发病机制机制换气功能障碍通气功能障碍常见病因常见病因肺血管病，如肺血管栓塞、毛细血管瘤、肺梗死气道阻塞，如COPD肺组织病变2.咯血：喉及喉部以下的呼吸道任何部位的出血，经口腔咳出称为咯血。

3. 院内获得性肺炎（HAP）：指病人在入院时不存在，也不处于感染潜伏期，而于入院48小时后（记住两天）在医院内发生的感染。

4. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）：ARDS是在严重感染、创伤、休克等打击后出现的以肺实质细胞损伤为主要表现的临床综合征。

临床特点：严重低氧血症、呼吸频速、X线胸片示双肺斑片状阴影。

病理生理特点：肺内分流增加、肺顺应性下降。

病理特点：肺毛细血管内皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞损伤导致的广泛肺水肿、微小肺不张等。

记忆（ARDS）：A阿尔弟饿死诊断要点1.高危因素（严重感染、创伤、休克等打击）2. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征症状：呼吸急促，频率加快，一般在35次/min以上。

进行性加重，一般给氧无改善。

血痰或血水样痰：发热见于脓毒血症及脂肪栓塞引起的ARDS。

3.重要实验室检查：①血氧分型PaO2<60mmHg并渐进性下降②氧合指数PaO2 /FiO2 <200mmHg③毛细血管楔压<18mmHg.4.影像学检查：多在发病后24小时后出现。

二、填空题1. 肺结核的化疗原则＿早期、规律、全程、适量、联合。

2. 肺结核的诊断程序①痰抗酸杆菌和胸部X片的检查对可疑症状（咳嗽两周以上、咯血、午后低热、发热盗汗、月经不调、有结核接触病史或肺外结核）、②通过系统检查和复查确定肺部异常阴影是结核性或其他性、③确诊后根据X片、临床表现及痰菌结果判断病灶是否活动、④明确是否排菌。

内科主治医师呼吸内科学(专业知识)-试卷27

内科主治医师呼吸内科学（专业知识）-试卷27(总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.诊断阻塞性肺气肿，最有价值的是（分数：2.00）A.PaO 2低于正常B.残气量／肺总量＞40％√C.第一秒用力呼气量／用力肺活量＜60％D.最大通气量低于预计值的80％E.潮气量低于预计值的80％解析：解析：阻塞性肺气肿系指终末细支气管远端的气道弹性减退、过度膨胀、充气和肺容积增大。

由于气道阻塞呼气时气道陷闭，残留肺泡的气体过多，肺泡充气过度，故肺功能检查表现为残气量增加，残气量／肺总量＞40％对诊断阻塞性肺气肿有重要意义。

2.有关慢性支气管炎的诊断标准，咳嗽、咳痰反复发作时间应为（分数：2.00）A.每年发作至少3个月，持续10年以上B.每年发作至少1个月，持续2年以上C.每年发作至少2个月，持续3年以上D.每年发作至少3个月，持续2年以上√E.每年发作至少6个月，持续4年以上解析：3.慢性支气管炎合并肺部感染的治疗，下列各项中不恰当的是（分数：2.00）A.应用敏感的抗生素B.菌苗注射√C.应用祛痰镇咳药物D.应用支气管扩张剂E.雾化吸入稀释痰液解析：解析：慢性支气管炎合并肺部感染的治疗有：(1)控制感染，根据感染的主要致病菌和严重程度或病原菌药物敏感试验选用抗生素；(2)祛痰、镇咳；(3)解痉、平喘，可用气道舒张剂，若气道舒张剂使用后仍有持续阻塞，可适用糖皮质激素；(4)气雾疗法：可以生理盐水气雾湿化吸入或加入化痰药物，可稀释痰液，利于排痰。

4.慢性支气管炎典型病变中没有（分数：2.00）A.黏膜上皮鳞化B.支气管腺体和杯状细胞增生C.支气管内有多量泡沫细胞√D.支气管壁有炎性细胞浸润E.黏膜下平滑肌断裂、萎缩解析：解析：慢性支气管炎为气管、支气管黏膜及其周同组织的慢性非特异性炎症。

由于慢性炎症刺激黏膜上皮可发生鳞状上皮化生，黏液腺及黏膜杯状细胞增生，支气管壁有大量杯状细胞浸润，病情进展，炎症向周围组织扩散，黏膜下层平滑肌断裂、萎缩。

呼吸内科学试题及答案

题目部分，(卷面共有100题,310.0分,各大题标有题量和总分)一、标准配伍型(B型题)(100小题,共310.0分)(5分)[1]A、功能残气量B、肺活量C、肺总量D、深吸气量E、残气量(1)深吸气量+补呼气量为()(2)补呼气量+残气量为()(3)肺活量+残气量为()(4)补吸气量+潮气量为()(5)功能残气量-补呼气量为()(4分)[2]A、胸膜顶B、胸骨角平面C、喉口D、会厌软骨E、声带(1)上纵隔与下纵隔的分界()(2)与喉咽相通()(3)高出锁骨1/3段上方2.5cm()(4)参与构成喉的支架()(4分)[3]A、肺叶支气管B、肺段支气管C、两者均是D、两者均否(1)一级支气管()(2)二级支气管()(3)肺支气管()(4)肺外支气管()(2分)[4]A、肺循环B、体循环C、两者均是D、两者均否(1)作为肺气体交换的功能血管的是()(2)作为肺气道和脏层胸膜的营养血管的是()(3分)[5]A、咳铁锈色痰B、咳白色泡沫痰C、咳脓臭样痰D、咳巧克力样痰E、咳粉红色泡沫痰(1)急性心源性肺水肿()(2)肺阿米巴病()(3)慢性阻塞性肺疾病()(3分)[6]A、吸入激素加用吸入长效β受体激动剂B、吸入β受体激动剂C、皮下注射肾上腺素D、静脉点滴氨茶碱E、吸入异丙托溴胺下列患者如何选择药物治疗(1)男性，24岁。

幼年曾患哮喘，成年后明显减轻，仅梅雨季节偶有轻度发作()(2)女性，18岁，幼年患哮喘，反复发作，缓解期哮鸣音仍未消失，影响体力活动.()(3)女性，43岁，患慢性喘息性支气管炎10余年，近年来发作频繁，秋冬季尤为明显() (2分)[7]A、法国B、美国C、英国D、日本E、加拿大(1)哪个国家的学者发现并研究命名了DPB(弥漫性泛细支气管炎)()(2)军团菌肺炎首先出现在哪个国家()(4分)[8]A、阻塞性肺气肿B、老年性肺气肿C、代偿性肺气肿D、间质性肺气肿E、灶性肺气肿(1)男性，80岁，无吸烟史，胸部X线提示肺气肿()(2)男性，65岁，吸烟30年，咳嗽咳痰20年，胸部X线示肺气肿()(3)男性，56岁，左肺因肺癌切除，右肺出现肺气肿()(4)男性，68岁，患特发性肺间质纤维化10年，胸CT提示肺气肿()(3分)[9]A、沙丁胺醇B、沐舒坦C、异丙托溴胺D、布地奈德E、二丙酸倍氯米松(1)普米克都宝的成分为()(2)可作为COPD患者长期吸入的药物为()(3)可快速扩支气管的药物是()(3分)[10]A、支气管扩B、肺脓肿C、慢性阻塞性肺疾病D、肺癌E、支气管哮喘(1)慢性咳嗽、咳痰、气短8年余，并进行性加重是()(2)发作性咳嗽、呼吸困难、伴有哮鸣音是()(3)反复咳嗽、咳黄痰，并间断咯血()(2分)[11]A、环化一磷酸腺苷(cAMP)B、环化一磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)C、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)D、慢反应物质(SKS-A)E、前列环素(PGI)(1)结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔积液中该值升高()(2)升高可导致支气管平滑肌舒()(4分)[12]A、阻断迷走神经M胆碱受体B、抑制磷酸二酯酶C、激活腺苷酸环化酶D、保护肥大细胞溶酶体膜E、使封闭抗体增加(1)沙丁胺醇(舒喘宁)的作用机制是()(2)氨茶碱的作用机制是()(3)溴化异丙托品的作用机制是()(4)色苷酸钠的作用机制是()(3分)[13]A、口服茶碱控释片B、静脉输注甲泼尼松(甲泼尼龙)，雾化吸入β受体激动剂C、口服泼尼松(泼尼松)，短期使用(1周)D、吸入异丙肾上腺素E、使用麻黄碱(麻黄素)下列哮喘病人应采取哪项治疗措施?(1)女性，32岁，哮喘史10年，近年来发作频繁，3天前因劳累导致重度发作，口服氨茶碱和沙丁胺醇(舒喘灵)未缓解，有加重趋势()(2)男性，25岁，慢性哮喘长期吸入激素，病情有显著改善。

内科呼吸系统试题及答案

内科呼吸系统试题及答案【篇一：内科学呼吸系统疾病习题及答案(1)】【篇二：-呼吸系统内科护理学经典题型】txt>一、名解1、咯血指喉部以下呼吸道或肺组织出血并经口腔排出的表现。

2、窒息由于血块、异物、痉挛、水肿等引起呼吸道梗阻，导致气体交换严重障碍。

表现为表情恐怖、张口瞪目、大汗淋漓、唇指发绀、意识丧失等。

3、呼吸困难病人主观上感到空气不足、呼吸费力，客观上表现为呼吸频率、深度和节律的异常，严重时出现鼻翼扇动、张口抬肩、端坐呼吸、皮肤粘膜发绀等。

4、哮喘重度发作哮喘严重发作出现端坐呼吸、明显发绀、大汗淋漓，呼吸频率超过30次/分，收缩压下降，出现奇脉。

经一般支气管舒张剂治疗不能缓解。

5、中毒性肺炎严重肺部感染时并发感染性休克。

6、呼吸衰竭是由各种原因引起的肺通气和（或）换气功能严重障碍、不能进行有效的气体交换，导致缺氧伴或不伴二氧化碳潴留所引起的一系列生理功能和代谢紊乱的临床综合征。

7、肺性脑病呼吸衰竭伴精神神经症状，表现为表情淡漠、肌肉震颤、间歇抽搐、嗜睡、甚至昏迷等。

8.体位引流体位引流是利用重力作用使肺、支气管内分泌物排出体外，又称重力引流。

二、简答1.简述肺源性呼吸困难严重程度的判定要点。

①轻度呼吸困难：能与相同年龄的健康人同样地行走，但不能同样地登高或上台阶。

②中度呼吸困难：能在平地行走，可按自己的速度行走或步行中需要不断休息，但不能与相同年龄健康的人同样地行走。

③重度呼吸困难：说话、脱衣也感到呼吸困难，不能外出活动。

2．试述结核菌素试验的方法。

①旧结核菌素(ot)试验方法：取l：2000的ot稀释液0.1ml(5u)在前臂内侧做皮内注射，经48～72小时观察局部反应。

②纯结核菌素(ppd)试验方法：取0.1ml5iu)纯结核菌素，在前臂内侧做皮内注射，经48～72小时观察局部反应。

3.护理大咯血病人时，如何判断大咯血病人即将发生或已经发生窒息？怎样配合医生做好抢救工作？（1）大量咯血病人出现咯血不畅、情绪紧张、面色灰暗、胸闷气促、喉头痰鸣音等，往往是窒息的先兆，应引起警惕；若出现表情恐怖、张口瞪目、大汗淋漓、唇指发绀、意识丧失等，提示窒息已发生。

呼吸内科题库

呼吸内科题库一明词解释1．笫一秒用力呼气容积20 慢性支气管炎2．咯血21 慢性阻赛性肺疾病3．胸部叩击22 肺气肿4．急性上呼吸道感染23 慢性肺源性心脏病5．急性气管一支气管炎24肺血栓栓塞症6．肺炎25 肺梗死三联征7．社区获得性肺炎26 原发性支气管肺癌8．医院获得性肺炎27 Horner综合征9．肺真菌病28 化学性胸膜固定术10.肺脓肿29 自发性气胸11.血源性肺脓肿30 Hamman征12.支气管扩张症31 睡眠呼吸暂停低通气13.体位引流综合征14.全程督导化学治疗(DOTS) 32 呼吸衰竭33 功能性分流15.肺结核原发病灶34 无效腔样通气16.肺结核继发感染35 系统性炎症反应综合征17支气管哮喘36 机械通气37 氧中毒18 气道高反应38 撤机护理39机械通气19 哮喘急性发作（二）选择题A1型题1．正常人胸膜腔压力的变化是( )A．吸气时负压，呼气时正压B．吸气时正压，呼气时负压C吸气、呼气均为正压D．平静呼吸的全过程均为负压E 仅吸气像呼气过渡时为负压2．下述关于咳嗽的描述错误的一项是( )A．咳嗽是呼吸系统疾病最常见的症状B．咳嗽感受器仅分布在上呼吸道C．咳嗽是一种呈突然、暴发性的呼气运动D咳嗽减弱或消失将十分有害甚至是致命的E．咳嗽本质上是一种保护性反射活动3．大量痰是指24小时痰量超过( )A．lOml B．30ml C．50mlD．80ml E．l00ml4．少量咯血是指病人24小时内的咯血量小于( )A. lOmlB.50mlC.100mlD 150ml E．200ml5．引起急性上呼吸道感染最常见的病原体是( )A．细菌B．病毒C．支原体D．衣原体E．真菌6．普通感冒最主要的临床表现是( )A．鼻咽部卡他症状B．咳嗽伴咽喉疼痛C．咽部发痒和烧灼感D．明显咽痛、畏寒、发热E．全身症状为主7．按病因学对肺炎进行临床分类，则最常见的肺炎类型是( ) A．细菌性肺炎B．真菌性肺炎C毒性肺炎D．非典型性肺炎E．理化因素所致肺炎8．社区获得性肺炎最常见的致病菌（）A．金黄色葡萄球菌B．肺炎链球菌C．甲型溶血性链球菌D．肺炎克雷伯杆菌E．铜绿假单胞菌、9．与医院获得性肺炎相比较，社区获得性肺炎的特点是( ) A.病人多数有基础疾病，免疫功能低下B．症状不典型，特异性低C．多为条件致病菌感染D．发病机制多为吸人口咽部带菌分泌物E.预后不佳，死亡率高10.大叶性肺炎的特点是( )A最常见的致病菌是肺炎支原体B病变起于支气管或细支气管C．主要表现为肺实质炎症D．病变主要累及支气管壁 E.呼吸道症状较轻11．导致吸人性肺脓肿发生的最常见病原体是( )A．支原体B．真菌C．需氧菌D．兼性厌氧菌E．厌氧菌12.支气管扩张症的主要病因是( )A．先天性发育缺陷B．支气管阻塞C．支气管外部纤维的牵拉D．遗传因素E．过敏体质13.关于结核菌素的主要成分菌体蛋白质的描述正确的是( )A．与结核病的组织坏死有关B．与结核病的干酪液化有关C．与结核病的空洞发生有关D．可以诱发皮肤变态反应E．参与血清反应等免疫应答14.肺结核最重要的传播途径是( )A．经消化道传播B．经皮肤接触传播C．飞沫传播D．血液传播E．母婴传播15.肺结核病人最常见的全身症状是（）A.午后低热B．晨起高热C．全身乏力D．食欲减退E．体重减轻16.预防运动性哮喘发作的首选药物是( )A．酮替酚B．色苷酸钠c．胆碱能受体拮抗剂D．吸人型糖皮质激素E．茶碱控释片17.哮喘发作时最适宜使用的肾上腺能兴奋剂是( )A．异丙肾上腺素B．麻黄碱c．去甲肾上腺素D．沙丁胺醇E．愕上腺素18.下列关于支气管哮喘体征的描述最为恰当的是( )A．局限性吸气性干哕音B．弥漫性呼气性干I罗音C．双上肺吸气性干哕音D．弥漫性吸气性干哕音E．局限性呼气性干哕音19．慢性支气管炎的诊断要点是依据咳嗽、咳痰，或伴有喘息，并排除其他慢性气道疾病，其病程为( )A．每年3个月B．每年1个月，连续2年C．每年2个月，连续2年D．每年1个月，连续2年或2年以上E．每年3个月，连续2年或2年以上20.慢性支气管炎的护理措施中，指导病人应少量多次饮水，每天不少于( )'A。

呼吸内科考题（5篇材料）

呼吸内科考题（5篇材料）第一篇：呼吸内科考题呼吸内科考题1．下列各项检查对诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病最有意义的是A．体格检查有桶状胸、紫绀B．心电图呈低电压C．胸部X线示肺透亮度增加，肋间隙增宽D．血气分析PaO2＜60mmHg，PaCO2＞50mmHgE．肺功能FEV1／FVC＜60％，MVV实测值／预计值＜60％标准答案：E2．慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要特征是A．大气道阻塞B．小气道阻塞C．双肺哮鸣音D．桶状胸E．胸片示肺纹理增粗标准答案：B3.在慢性肺心病的发生、发展过程中，导致肺血管阻力增加的最主要因素是：A.缺氧B.高碳酸血症C.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒D.电解质紊乱E.肺部感染标准答案：A4．慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并慢性肺心病，最常见的死亡原因是A．心律失常B．休克C．消化道出血D．呼吸衰竭E．电解质紊乱标准答案：D5.诊断慢性呼吸衰竭最重要的依据是：A.有呼吸困难、发绀等症状B.意识障碍伴球结膜水肿C.SaO2<90%D.PaO2<80mmHg，PaCO2>50mmHgE.PaO2<60mmHg，或伴有PaCO2>50mmHg标准答案：E6.下列哪项不是重症哮喘的表现：A.气急不能讲话B.意识模糊C.胸腹部矛盾呼吸D.两肺满布响亮哮鸣音E.高热、盗汗标准答案：E7.判断肺结核有无传染性最主要的依据是：A.结核菌素试验阳性B.血沉增快C.反复痰中带血D.胸部X线有空洞E.痰结核杆菌检查阳性标准答案：E8.男，30岁，午后发热1周伴干咳、左胸痛，活动后气急2天。

胸透提示左侧胸腔积液，血白细胞7.8×109/L，胸水为草黄色渗出液，淋巴细胞65%。

最可能的诊断是A.化脓性胸膜炎B.癌性胸腔积液C.细菌性肺炎伴胸膜炎D.结核性胸膜炎E.肺栓塞并胸腔积液标准答案：D9．下面有关哮喘特征的描述中不准确的是A．凡气道高反应性者都是支气管哮喘B．不同程度的可逆性气道阻塞C．反复发作性呼气性呼吸困难D．典型发作时可闻及哮鸣音E．可自行缓解或治疗后缓解标准答案：A10．支气管扩张最常见的原因是A．肺结核B．肿瘤压迫C．肺囊性纤维化D．严重的支气管-肺感染和支气管阻塞E．支气管内结石标准答案：D11．呼吸衰竭时发生二氧化碳潴留的主要机制是由于A．通气／血流比例失调B．弥散障碍C．肺组织通气不足D．动静脉分流E．无效腔通气标准答案：C12．医院内获得性肺炎，最常见的致病菌是A．病毒B．厌氧菌C．革兰阳性球菌D．真菌E．革兰阴性杆菌标准答案：E13．与吸烟关系最为密切的肺癌是A．鳞癌B．腺癌C．腺鳞癌D．小细胞癌E．细支气管肺泡癌标准答案：A14．慢性支气管炎、肺气肿患者，今晨突感左上胸刺痛，逐渐出现呼吸困难，不能平卧，左肺呼吸音明显减弱，心率120次／分，节律偶有不齐。

医科大本科习题：呼吸内科选择真题

温州医科大学2014/2015学年第一学期2011年级临床医学、麻醉、儿科、眼本、眼七专业一、选择题（本大题共54题,每题1分,共54分）1、男性,72岁。

COPD病史20年,神志不清2小时。

体检紫绀,呼吸急促。

浅表,心率130次/分,律正。

双肺闻及干湿啰音,BP75/45mmHg,血气：pH7.18,PaO246mmHg,PaCO279mmHg,此时哪项治疗措施不宜采纳A. 呼吸机辅助通气B. 补液纠正低血压C. 持续低浓度吸氧D. 呼吸兴奋剂E. 毛地黄类药控制心率2、男性60岁,吸烟40年,20余年来,反复发作,咳嗽、咯痰,胸闷气短,口唇发绀,5天来加重,尿少,下肢浮肿,腹胀,心电图检查示：肺型P波,你认为下列哪项处理不合适A. 使用镇静剂B. 控制感染C. 保持呼吸道通畅D. 改善心、肺功能E. 持续低流量吸氧3、25岁,女,目前反复发作数日,由家人陪伴来诊。

病人端坐呼吸、发绪,两肺哮鸣音,心率120次/分,在所采取的下列处置中,哪项不恰当A. 补液B. 静滴糖皮质激素C. 静点氨茶碱D. 吸氧E. 口服普萘洛尔4、对支气管哮喘有确诊意义的辅助检查是A. 胸部X线摄片有肺气肿改变B. 肺功能检查FEVLOFF降C. 支气管舒张试验阳性EFV1改善率≥15%,PEF≥20%D. 生化检查血清中IgE增加E. 血气分析PaO2降低,PaCO2增高5、男性62岁,有多年吸烟史及慢支、肺气肿病史,咳嗽、咳痰,胸闷气短加重2个月,近2天有时躁动,查体：口唇发绀,双肺闻及哮鸣音,心电图正常,为明确诊断,下列哪项检查最有价值A. 胸部X线照像B. 纤支镜C. 肺功能检查D. 血常规、血生化检验E. 血气分析6、下列哪项症状或体征对肺炎球菌肺炎的诊断最有帮助A. 起病急、寒战、高热B. 口角和鼻周出现单纯性疱疹C. 咳嗽、咳铁锈色痰D. 胸痛与呼吸有关E. 一侧肺实变体征7、59岁,男性,5周前开始觉右肩关节及右上肢内侧疼痛,逐渐加重,伴低热,2年前胸透正常。

内科学试卷B课件资料

内科学试卷B课件资料第一篇：内科学试卷B课件资料一、名词解释：（每题2分，共10分）1.社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia ,CAP)：是指医院外患的感染性肺实质炎症，包括具有明确潜伏期的病原体感染而在入院后平均潜伏期内发病的肺炎。

2.心肌梗死后综合征：患者发生心肌梗死后数周～数月，由于机体对坏死物质的过敏反应，出现发热、胸痛，心包炎、胸膜炎、肺炎等表现。

3.肝性脑病：是由严重肝病引起的、以代谢紊乱为基础、中枢神经系统功能失调的综合征，其主要临床表现是意识障碍、行为失常和昏迷。

4.晨僵：病变的关节在静止不动后出现较长时间的僵硬（1小时以上）如胶粘着样的感觉。

5.贫血：人体外周血红细胞容量减少，低于正常范围下限，不能运输足够的氧至组织的常见综合征。

由于红细胞容量测定较复杂，临床上常以血红蛋白浓度代替。

二、选择题（每题1分，共40分）1．下列哪一个选项是阻塞性肺气肿气肿型的特点C A．多发生于青年人 B．有紫绀 C．咳嗽较轻D．痰量大、粘液脓性 E．桶状胸不明显2.患者，男，65岁，慢性咳嗽，咳白色粘液样痰10年，每年冬季加重，查体：双肺呼吸音略减低，右下肺可闻及少许湿性罗音；X线胸部正位像示肺纹理增强，则该病人最可能的诊断是 AA．慢性支气管炎 B．支气管扩张 C．支气管哮喘 D．慢性肺纤维化 E．慢性阻塞性肺气肿3.男，28岁，淋雨后当晚高热，寒战来诊，诉肌肉酸痛及右例胸痛，放射到右肩，呼吸时加重。

查体：体温39℃，BPl2／9KPa，脉博85次／分，右下肺语颠增强，呼吸音增粗，可闻及湿性罗音：实验室检查WBCl5×109／L，中性粒细胞0．8，则应考虑为 B A．急性支气管炎 B．大叶性肺炎 C．肺脓肿 D．肺癌 E．肺结核4.女性，67岁，既往肺心病病史20年，此次患大叶性肺炎，咳嗽，咳痰2周，在家自己服用抗生素，未见明显效果，并出现呼吸困难，昨天出现烦躁不安，接着神志恍惚，送至医院就诊，查体：口唇发绀，颈静脉充盈，两肺底闻及细湿罗音，体温37．4℃，脉搏110次／分，血压13／9KPa，双下肢水肿，尿蛋白阳性，大便潜血阳性。

呼吸内科学主治医师考试真题及答案

呼吸内科学主治医师考试真题及答案2017呼吸内科学主治医师考试真题及答案A型题01. 肺间质纤维化特征为限制性通气功能障碍，主要表现为A. 残气容积(RV)增加或正常B. 一氧化碳弥散量(DLco)增加C. FEV1/FVC正常或增加，而TLC减少D. RV/TLC明显增加E. Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭答案：C02. 肺癌治疗方法的选择是A. 腺癌首选放疗B. 鳞癌首选放疗C. 小细胞肺癌首选手术D. 鳞癌首选化疗E. 小细胞未分化癌首选化疗和放疗答案：E03. 反应气体交换功能障碍常用的指标为A. RVB. 一氧化碳弥散率C. TLCD. FEV1/FVCE. 最大呼气流量一容积曲线答案：B04. 端坐呼吸是下列哪项引起的A. 尿潴留B. 仰卧位平均动脉压升高C. 肺闭合容量增加D. 静脉血重新分配E. 压力感受器扩张答案：D05. 典型支气管哮喘发作时，最主要的临床表现是A. 带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难及双肺哮鸣音B. 带哮鸣音的吸气性呼吸困难及双肺湿啰音C. 带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难及双肺湿啰音D. 带哮鸣音的吸气性呼吸困难及双肺哮鸣音E. 带哮鸣音的混合性呼吸困难答案：A06. 典型肺炎球菌肺炎的病理改变是A. 肺泡内大量中性粒细胞和红细胞渗出B. 肺泡毛细血管扩张、充血，肺泡内水肿和浆液渗出C. 肺泡内充满大量白细胞，并有纤维蛋白D. 肺泡内纤维蛋白性渗出物溶解、吸收，肺泡重新充气E. 以上全包括答案：E07. 典型肺炎链球菌肺炎体征描述，不正确的是A. 患侧叩诊呈浊音B. 患侧语颤减弱C. 患侧呼吸运动减弱D. 患侧听诊有支气管呼吸音、湿性啰音E. 累及胸膜时，可闻及胸膜摩擦音答案：B08. 典型的大叶性肺炎发病后5天，对患侧进行检查时可得不到下列体征中的哪一项A. 肋间隙消失B. 肺泡呼吸音C. 叩诊浊音D. 语颤增强E. 肺扩张受到限制09. 低通气是指A. 睡眠时口鼻气流停止10秒以上，呼气气流或胸腹部呼吸运动幅度较前下降50%以上，并伴有至少4%氧饱和度下降者B. 睡眠时口鼻气流停止10秒以上，呼气气流或胸腹部呼吸运动幅度较前下降60%以上，并伴有至少4%氧饱和度下降者C. 睡眠时口鼻气流停止10秒以上，呼气气流或胸腹部呼吸运动幅度较前下降50%以上，并伴有至少5%氧饱和度下降者D. 睡眠时口鼻气流停止15秒以上，呼气气流或胸腹部呼吸运动幅度较前下降50%以上，并伴有至少4%氧饱和度下降者E. 睡眠时口鼻气流停止5秒以上，呼气气流或胸腹部呼吸运动幅度较前下降50%以上，并伴有至少4%氧饱和度下降者答案：A10. 导致阻塞性肺气肿和慢性肺源性心脏病占第一位的病因是A. 尘肺B. 慢性纤维空洞型肺结核C. 支气管哮喘D. 弥漫性支气管扩张E. 以上都不是答案：E11. 导致肺心病死亡最主要的并发症是A. 休克B. 消化道出血C. 心律失常D. 酸碱失衡及电解质紊乱E. 肺性脑病答案：E12. 单侧为局限性哮鸣音可见于下列哪种疾病A. 支气管哮喘B. 慢性阻塞性肺气肿D. 液气胸E. 支气管肿瘤或异物答案：E;支气管内肿瘤或异物较大时，肺部听诊可闻及局限性哮鸣音，支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺气肿急性发作时，双肺可闻及弥漫呼气性哮鸣音，肺炎常可闻及吸气末固定性湿啰音，液气胸体检示胸腔积液和气胸的体征。

呼吸内科题库（★）

呼吸内科题库（★）第一篇：呼吸内科题库试卷二一、单选题：1、慢性呼吸衰竭患者，发绀呼吸困难明显，经治疗后疗效欠佳，呼吸浅慢、暂停与神志欠清，须使用呼吸机。

下列哪项不是其使用的目的(C)A、纠正低氧血症B、增加通气量、扩张肺泡C、纠正休克D、减慢呼吸频率E、减少呼吸功耗2、诊断慢性阻塞性肺气肿最有意义的肺功能检查结果是(B)A、肺总量增加B、残气量/肺总量增加C、时间肺活量减低D、最大通气量减少E、小气道功能-流速-容量曲线改变3、.男，62岁，常夜间发作哮喘，伴频繁咳嗽，咳泡沫痰，有时带血丝，双肺底可闻及湿性啰音。

患者为下列哪种疾病所致哮喘的可能性最大(C)A、支气管哮喘B、慢性阻塞性肺疾病C、心源性哮喘D、肺癌E、过敏性肺炎4、男性18岁，阵发性晨间咳嗽3周，偶胸闷、憋气，查体双肺偶闻哮鸣音，追问病史患者2个月前有上呼吸道感染史，闻刺激性气味引起咳嗽，为明确诊断，下列哪项检查最有价值(D)A、胸部X线片B、运动肺功能测定C、常规肺功能D、支气管高反应性测定E、过敏原皮肤敏感试验5、男性，37岁。

3天前受凉后突发寒战、高热、咳嗽、咳少许黄痰。

今日病情加重，出现气促、烦躁、四肢湿冷、唇指发绀。

体检：右肺呼吸音减弱，心率120次/分，血压80/60mmHg。

最可能的诊断是(A)A、重症肺炎B、肺梗死C、真菌性肺炎D、急性呼吸窘迫综合征E、张力性气胸6、关于休克性肺炎的治疗，下列不正确的是(C)A、抗休克治疗B、控制感染C、慎用糖皮质激素D、防止心肾功能不全E、重症监护和支持治疗7、院外金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎首选治疗是(A)A、青霉素B、耐青霉素酶的β-内酰胺类抗生素C、广谱半合成青霉素D、大环内酯类抗生素E、氨基糖苷类8、经检查痰菌阳性，确诊为肺结核，在药物敏感试验测定结果报告之前化学治疗方案拟定应主要参考(E)A、中毒症状B、病变范围C、病变的组织破坏程度D、痰菌量E、既往治疗史9、成人肺结核最可靠的诊断依据是(D)A、低热、咳嗽、盗汗、乏力B、血沉增快C、胸片有渗出阴影D、痰涂片检查结核菌阳性E、结核菌素试验阳性A、通气功能减低B、肺内分流、V/Q比例失调C、弥散功能障碍D、耗氧量增加E、支气管痉挛10、慢性阻塞性肺病患者出现呼吸衰竭为(A)11、急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者出现顽固低氧血症为(B)一、判断题：1、肺结核的常见症状是大量脓臭痰及呼吸困难。