初二第一学期英语同步辅导一U1A

2009第一学期初二英语同步辅导一U1A短语学习：1. take charge of 主管，掌管2. take notes 记录3. vote for 投票赞成4. talk… over 详谈5. be responsible for 负责6. make a list of把……列成清单7. be free for(someone)对...免费8. pay for 付费9. make a decision about 对…作出决定10. in one week’s time 一周后11. a copy of 一份12. for free 免费13. from the air 从空中14. of one’s own 某人自己的重难点：ought to用法详解1. ought to表示义务或责任。

意为“应该”。

如：We ought to leave at once. 我们应该马上离开。

Such things ought not to be allowed. 这类事不该容许。

2. ought to表示建议或劝告。

意为“应该”。

如：You ought to see the new film. 你应该看看这部新电影。

We oughtn’t to take risks. 我们不宜于冒险。

He said I ought to write an article about it. 他说我应当写一篇文章谈这事。

3. ought to表示推断。

意为“应该”、“可能”。

如：That ought to be enough food for all of us. 那些该够我们大家吃的了。

Ask John. He ought to know. 问问约翰吧，他该知道。

I ought to be fit for work next month. 下个月我想必可以工作了。

【注】用ought to 表示推断时，语气较肯定，通常指的是一种合乎逻辑的可能性(与should表推断时相似)，有时可译为“准是”(但语气比must要弱)。

如：That ought to [should] be Janet coming upstairs now. 正在上楼的准是珍妮特。

4. ought to后接动词所用形式。

根据不同情况ought to后可接不同的动词形式。

如：(1)接动词原形，用于谈论现在或将来的情况。

(见上例)(2)接进行式，用于谈论正在进行的事。

如：You oughtn’t to be talking so much，Annie. 你不宜讲这么多话，安妮。

It isn’t what I ought to be doing. 这不是我现在应该做的事。

有时表示将要发生的事(正如用进行时态表示将来一样)。

如：I ought to be going. 我该走了(from )。

We ought to be hearing from him soon. 我们不久应当会接到他的信。

(3)接完成时，用于过去的情况，可指过去已经发生的情况，也可接本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。

如：They ought to have arrived by now. 他们现在应该已经到了。

I ought to have helped her，but I never could. 我本该帮助她的，却从未能这样做。

I don’t think you ought to have done that. 我想你不应该这样做的。

5. 使用ought to注意点(1)在否定式中用ought not 或oughtn’t，在疑问中将ought提到主语之前。

如：He ought to go now, oughtn’t he? 他现在该走了，是吗(from )?(2)在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时可将to省略(但在肯定句中to不宜省)。

另外，在省略句中也可以省去to。

如：Ought we (to) have done it? 我们本该做此事吗?"Ought I to go?" "Yes, you ought (to)." “我该去吗?”“对，你该去。

”Should 的用法详解1. 应该：用来表示义务或职责：You should send her a note.你应该给她留一个条2.用于表示可能性或期望：They should arrive at noon.她应该在中午到达3.用于表示可能性或可能发生的事件：If she should fall, then so would I.如果她失败了，那我也会失败4.用于使一个直接或直率的陈述变得婉转：I should think he would like to go.我倒是认为他愿意去ought to与should的用法区别1.一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。

如：You ought to [should] go and see Mary sometime. 你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。

The train ought to [should] have arrived at six. 火车本应该6点钟到的。

2.表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。

如(from )：We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will. 明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。

3.在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should。

如：You should not run alongside the swimming-pool. 不准在游泳池边奔跑。

专项练习1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washedC) must not have washed D) can not have washed2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.Ashould study B. should have studied C must have studied D. must have to study3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.A) must have sailed B) can sail C) might have sailed D) should have sailed5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changedC) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A) needn't go B) had better not go C) should not go D) needn't have gone8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.A) must receive B) ought to receive C) must have received D) ought to have received9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone C) could not go D) couldn't have gone10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eatenC) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn't have eaten12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.A) might have asked B) should asked C) must have asked D) should have asked14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get小测题15) The road was muddy. It____ last night.A) must rained B) must have rained C) must be rained D) could have rained16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.A) must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB) must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC) should have been in the U.S.A. for some timeD) May be in the U.S.A. for some time17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited C) should have gone to see D) may see19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A) should have received B) has receivedC) Couldn't have received D) ought to have received20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A) would have liked to give B) liked to giveC) have liked to give D) would like to give21)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”A) is, must have taken B) is, must take C) have been, must take D) is, takes22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A) will you suppose B) you suppose C) do you suppose D) you would suppose23) Two eyes ____see more than one.A) can B) may C) will D) should24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.A) had better got B) had to get better C) had better to get D) had better get28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.A) might have injured B) could injure C) should have injured D) must injure30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.A) must B) could C) may D) might32) I ____like to make a suggestion.A) could B) would C) must D) might33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.A) can B) may C) must D) ought34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.A) may have been taken away B) may leave C) may take away D) must have taken away35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught知识点详析：1. take charge of 主管She take charge of our class. 她是我们的班主任。