清华大学_考研真题_英美文学2000
2000年考研英语1真题
2000 年考研英语 1 真题Section I Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times1979.[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sincethe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979. ”Therefore, you should choose [D].1. As I ’llbe away for at least a year, I ’dappreciate 1 from you now and then telling me loweveryone is getting along.[A]hearing[B]to hear[C]to be hearing[D]having heard2. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door,2to find it locked.[A] just[B] only[C] hence[D]thus3. Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent 3and theincreased number of cases of skin cancer.[A]to sunbathe[B]to have sunbathed[C]having sunbathed[D]sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled4a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on5. on a rainy day I was driving north through V ermont5I noticed a young man holdingup a sign reading “Boston”.[A]which[B]where[C]when[D]that6. Chrisite stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though6out of the office.[A]went[B]gone[C]to go[D]would go7. The roles expected7old people in such a setting give too few psychologicalsatisfactions for normal happiness.[A]of[B]on[C]to[D]with8. Talk to anyone in the drug industry,8you’ll soon discover that the science ofgenetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A] or[B] and[C] for[D] so9. it wasn’ t so much that I disliked her9that I just wasn’t interested in the wholebusiness.[A]rather[B]so[C]than[D]as10.Countless divorced politicians would have elected out of office years ago had they eventhough of a divorce, let alone 10one.[A]getting[B]to get[C]gotten[D]getEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identifythe part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points) ”A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw[D] many new products.Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products. ”So you should choose [C].11.Having isolated on a remote island, with little work to occupy them, the soldiers sufferedfrom boredom and low spirits.12.If the letter to be mailed was placed on the writing table an hour ago, it is certain being therenow.13.The ruling party could even love its majority in the lower house of parliament, started a periodof prolonged struggling.14.The mechanisms at work are manifest in the tendency for such physical activity to utilizethe potential harmful constituents of the stress response.15.In the long run, however, this hurry to shed full-time staff may be more harmful to industry asit is to the workforce.16. See to it that you include in the examination paper whatever questions they didn’tknow theanswer last time.17.Most newspapers, while devoting the major part of its space to recent events, usually manageto find room on the inside pages for articles on some interesting topics.18.One sign by which you are making progress in an art such as painting or photography isthat you begin to realize how much there is to learn.19.The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played andenjoying it almost as much as the computer at the moment he composes.20.Continued exposure to stress has been linked to worsened functioning of the immune system,leaving a person more liable for infection.Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedthe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway. ”Therefore, you should choose [C].21. He spoke so21that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A]bluntly[B]convincingly[C]emphatically[D]determinedly22. France’s22of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered politicaldebates and mass demonstrations.[A]assumption[B]consumption[C]presumption[D]resumption23. The 216-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, 23and outburst ofinterest.[A] flared[B] glittered[C]sparked[D]flashed24. His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties24 .[A]came off[B]came on[C]came round[D]came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually25it in a profitabledirection.[A]adapt[B]control[C]install[D]steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and27efficiency gains frominternational trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution[A]secure[B]extend[C]defend[D]possess27. It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be27at the manager’s office.[A]declared[B]obtained[C]reclaimed[D]recognized28. When I 28 my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandmabending over me.[A]woke up[B]took to[C]picked up[D]came to29. The American society is29an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources,which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A]established[B]affiliated to[C]originated from[D]incorporated with30. I am not 30with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I havenowhere else to live.[A]concerned[B]compatible[C]considerate[D]complied31. At first, the31of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, withpainstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A]transaction[B]transmission[C]transformation[D]transition32. When the committee32to details, the proposed plan seemed impratcital.[A]got down[B]set about[C]went off[D]came up33.33 to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are stillcovered with thick forests.[A]Orientation[B]Access[C]Procession[D]Voyage34.Mr. Smith had an unusual34: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up asa school teacher.[A]profession[B]occupation[C]position[D]career35.The mayor is a woman with great35and therefore deserves our political and financialsupport.[A]intention[B]instinct[C]integrity[D]intensity36. The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest 36to everyone.[A]speculation[B]attribution[C]utilization[D]proposition37. The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs37it almostimpossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A]renders[B]reckons[C]regards[D]relates38. To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be 38 , and display interest in the job.[A]swift[B]instant[C]timely[D]punctual39. You don’thave to install this radio in your new car, it ’s an 39extra.[A]excessive[B]optional[C]additional[D]arbitrary40. We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn’t40to the traffic jam ofthe busy city.[A] aid[B] amount[C]add[D]attributeSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to successes, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain41consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family42he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance43the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to44old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to45the soil.He may also need money to construct irrigation46and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his property or48extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low49of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50obtainable.41.A. other than B. as well as C. instead of D. more than42.A. only if B. much as C. long before D. ever since43.A. for B. against C. of D. towards44.A. replace B. purchase C. supplement D. dispose45.A. enhance B. mix C. feed D. raise46.A. vessels B. routes C. paths D. channels47.A. self-confident B. self-sufficient C. self-satisfied D. self-restrained48.A. search B. save C. offer D. seek49.A. proportion B. percentage C. rate D. ratio50.A. genuinely B. obviously C. presumably D. frequentlySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passage below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answer marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled,it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving itsindustries uparalleled economies of scale. Its scientist were the world ’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Justas inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea ’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America ’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and whichsat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into thecauses of America ’sindustrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted, ”according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of improving their productivity, ” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United State.”51.The U. S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal.[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before.[C]the war had destroyed the economies of post potential competitors.[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of U. S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the factthat the American.[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market.[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises.[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions.[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market.53.What can be inferred from the passage?[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U. S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed tothe.[A]turning of the business cycle.[B]restructuring of industry.[C]improved business management.[D]success in education.Text 2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changes. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another change chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India show what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today –everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring –means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over, the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years –even the pass 100 years–our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they ‘look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension. ”No doubt we will remember a 20 th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A]A lack of mates.[B]A fierce competition.[C]A lower survival rate.[D]A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children that poor people.[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.[A]life has been improved by technological advance.[B]the number of female babies has been declining.[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution.[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing.58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A]Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.[B]Ways of Continuing Man ’s Evolution.[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature.[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere.TEXT 3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out that its advocates are aiming at, for , however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it I possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be–even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right–it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says; for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till no we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up works that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks to on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river –and then to find that the line consists of the noiseof their falling and the weights of the officers:“ Pluff!Pluff! A hundreds and eight-five kilograms.”This, thoug it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no think man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this:have we essentially changed?59.This passage is mainly.[A]a survey of new approaches to art.[B]a review of Futurist poetry.[C]about merits of the Futurist movement.[D]about laws and requirements of literature.60.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.[A]determine its purposes.[B]ignore its flaws.[C]follow the new fashions.[D]accept the principles.61.Futurists claim that we must.[A]increase the production of literature.[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress.[C]develop new modes of expression.[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs.62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is.[A]based on reasonable principles.[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people.[C]indicative of basic change in human nature.[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature.Text 4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’ t know where they should go next.63.In the Westerner’s eyes, the postwar Japan was.[A]under aimless development.[B]a positive example.[C]a rival to the world.[D]on the decline64.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline ofJapanese society?[A]Women ’s participation in social activities is limited.[B]More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C]Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65.Which of the following is true according to the author?[A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66.The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.[A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life.[B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C]the Japanese endure more than ever before.[D]the Japanese appreciate their present life.Text 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition–wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny –must deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition ’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition –if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped–with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs–the locations, place names and name brands may has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to finehypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phasesof life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious. ”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the supports for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it was ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it isless openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambitionis driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics,on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.[A]Its returns well compensate for the sacrifices.[B]It is rewarded with money, fame and power.[C]Its goals are spiritual rather than material.[D]It is shared by the rich and the famous.68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.[A]Customary of the educated to discard ambition in words.[B]Too late to check ambition once it has been let out.[C]Dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal.[D]Impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition.69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.[A]They think of it as immoral.[B]Their pursuits are not fame or wealth.[C]Ambition is not closely related to material benefits.[D]They do not want to appear greedy and contemptible.70.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.[A]Secretly and vigorously.[B]Openly and enthusiastically.[C]Easily and momentarily.[D]Verbally and spiritually.Section IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economics and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country ’s economy is directly bound up with thee efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. Italso means that governments are increasingly compelled to interface in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interface in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while government are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe theprocess of industrialization–with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed–was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements –themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.Section V Writing76.Directions:[A]Study the following two pictures carefully and write an easy of at least 150 words.[B]Your essay must be written neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)[C]Your essay should meet the requirements below:1.Describe the pictures.2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer in the pictures.3.Suggest counter-measure.。
2000年硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解试题译文
2000年硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解试题译文Text 1长期的、不费力气的成功史可能成为一种可怕的障碍，但是如果处理得当，它也可能成为一种动力。
美国二战后进入这样辉煌的历史时期时，它拥有比任何竞争对手大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。
它的科学家是世界上最优秀的，它的工人是世界上最具技能的。
美国和美国人的富庶是被大战破坏了经济的欧洲人和亚洲人所无法想象的。
当其他国家逐渐富有起来时，这种差距的缩小是必然的。
同样必然的是，绝对优势的缩小也是痛苦的。
在80年代中期，美国人为他们工业竞争力的减退感到困惑。
有些巨型的美国工业，如消费电子工业，在外国的竞争面前萎缩或者崩溃。
到1987年，只剩下一家美国电视机制造企业——Zenith（现在已经完全没有了：Zenith已经被韩国的LG电子兼并）。
外国汽车和纺织品横扫着国内市场。
美国的机械工业岌岌可危。
在一段时期，好像半导体制造业，这个美国发明的并且对新的计算机时代极为关键的工业，也将成为下一个牺牲品。
所有这些造成了一种信心危机。
美国人已经不再将繁荣视为自然而然的事。
他们开始怀疑他们的经营方法出了问题，怀疑他们的收入很快就会下降。
80年代中期对美国工业衰退的原因进行一次又一次的调查。
这些调查的发现，有的是耸人听闻的，它们都充满了对海外竞争加剧的警示。
现在情况已经完全改变！在1995年美国可以回顾在过去五年中稳步的增长而日本却步履维艰。
很少有美国人把它的原因归结为美元的贬值或经济周期的转折。
对自己的怀疑已经被盲目的自豪所代替。
“美国的工业结果已经改变了，它经过了一段节食期，已经变得更加机智，”哈佛大学肯尼迪行政学院执行院长理查德?卡凡纳指出。
“看到美国经济如此地提高生产力，我为自己是美国人而感到自豪，”华盛顿特区的智囊机构之一凯托研究院的史蒂芬?莫尔说。
哈佛经管学院的威廉?萨尔曼相信，人们将来会把这个时期视为“美国经济管理的黄金时期”。
Text 2做一个男人从来都充满危险。
清华大学外国语言文学考研 招生人数 参考书 报录比 复试分数线 考研真题 考研经验 招生简章
爱考机构考研－保研－考博高端辅导第一品牌人文学院外国语言文学专业招生目录院系所、专业及研究方向招生人数考试科目备注069 人文学院 6010100哲学01马克思主义哲学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③647西方哲学史④890马克思主义哲学复试时专业综合考试内容:马克思主义哲学02中国哲学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③647西方哲学史④849中国哲学史复试时专业综合考试内容:中国哲学史03外国哲学同上复试时专业综合考试内容:西方哲学史04伦理学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③637中西哲学④891伦理学复试时专业综合考试内容：伦理学05逻辑学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③303数学三或647西方哲学史④894数理逻辑复试时专业综合考试内容:逻辑学06宗教学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③637中西哲学④892宗教学理论复试时专业综合考试内容:宗教学07美学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③638美学理论④893文艺批评复试时专业综合考试内容:美学050100中国语言文学01文艺学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③613文学基础④856中国文学史科目613含文学理论、外国文学等；科目856含中国古代文学史与中国现当代文学史。
复试时专业综合考试内容:文艺学02语言学与应用语言学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③612语言学基础④855现代汉语和古代汉语或874数据结构科目874计算语言学方向考数据结构，其他方向考现代汉语和古代汉语。
复试时专业综合考试内容：(1)计算语言学，(2)语言学与应用语言学。
03汉语言文字学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③612语言学基础④855现代汉语和古代汉语复试时专业综合考试内容:汉语言文字学04中国古代文学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③613文学基础④856中国文学史科目613含文学理论、外国文学等；科目856含中国古代文学史与中国现当代文学史。
清华大学欧美文学、比较文学与跨文化研专业考博真题复习资料报录比-育明考博
清华欧美文学、比较文学与跨文化研究专业考博复习资料参考书-育明考博一、清华人文学院欧美文学、比较文学与跨文化研究考博内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业方向招生人数初试内容复试内容050200外国语言文学欧美文学、比较文学与跨文化研究约2人①102俄语、103日语、104德语、105法语②847欧美文学、比较文学与跨文化研究501综合考试育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、清华人文学院欧美文学、比较文学与跨文化研究方向考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有三位导师：曹莉、生安锋、王宁3、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。
4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
5、清华大学考博初试外语中不含听力。
6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。
育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（清华大学人文学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：772678537）二、清华大学人文学院外国语言文学专业历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、人文学院外国语言文学专业共有6个研究方向，各研究方向之间报录比差别还是比较大的。
2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。
3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得年份录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2014年外语50分、专业课50分综合考试60分12人/9人（不包括骨干计划）2015年外语50分、专业课50分综合考试60分15人/11人（不包括骨干计划）较高的分数。
2010-2020年清华大学艺术硕士MFA考研真题及考研参考书笔记
2010-2020年清华大学艺术硕士MFA考研真题及考研参考书笔记育明教育506 大印老师整理【温馨提示】艺术硕士是比较适合跨专业考生报考的艺术类专业学位，除了北大、北影之外（北大需要提前面试，跨专业的难度很难通过面试这一关），全国大部分艺术硕士院校还是比较容易的，复试线一般在320-345之间，这两年可能分数有攀升的趋势，主要是报考的人数多了。
此外，从育明教育一对一学员情况来看，每年学员的专业课成绩都特别高，比如去年报考北大艺术的学生，两门专业课总分可以达到260多分（满分300），但是，经常由于英语过不了线而折戟沉沙，所以，我们建议大家一定要重视外语的学习，虽然艺术硕士一般考英语二，难度较低，但是对于很多艺术学生而言，还是很难的。
我们的具体建议为：第一，英语二复习主要看单词＋2010年以来真题，仔细分析，最好是老师指导下分析；第二，一定要重视作文和翻译，这是基础薄弱学生的拿分点，以往的经验是针对性的进行强化复习；第三，考前一定要进行5-6次全真模拟练习，育明考研有公共课阅卷老师进行一对一指导。
【考研方法】对于专业课而言，我们建议考生最晚在7月之前就要明确每本书的重点，可以通过研究历年考研真题，也可以通过有经验的学长学姐的指导，这点非常重要，值得注意的是，在明确重点之前千万不要做笔记，因为这个时候做笔记主要就是抄书；8-10月份进行背诵，同时进行专题和热点的总结；11-12月进行强化背诵和全真模拟考试，起码要5-6次，不考不知道，一考吓一跳，所以，大家一定要仔细认真的全真模拟。
2010-2020年艺术硕士MFA考研真题预测及考研参考书笔记艺术创作论【考点26】艺术家★★★★★〖考点内容〗艺术家是专门从事艺术生产创造者的总称。
艺术家应当具备艺术的天赋和艺术的才能，掌握专门的艺术技能和技巧，具有丰富的情感和艺术修养，能够通过自己的创造性劳动来满足人们特殊的精神需求即审美需求。
第一艺术家内部有多种多样的职业和分工。
清华在线在职硕士联考英语历年真题
D. Learning a new method through prac ce. 9. Man: The compe on is increasingly fierce. What shall we do next?
Woman: If other companies lower their prices, we'll have to follow suit. Ques on: What does the woman suggest? A. Doing the same as other companies have done. B. Producing the same suits as other companies. C. Figh ng against others by cu ng down the cost. D. Working out other policies to compensate for the loss. 10. Woman: I'm upset. You told my boss I had a part- me job?
choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your
answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
D. appreciated
12. The issue of e-commerce did not ____________ any detailed discussions at the conference.
清华美院设计类研究生初试理论真题(2004-2012历年真题)
清华大学美术学院硕士研究生入学考试历年理论试题涉及专业：工业、环艺、陶瓷、装潢、染服、信息、工艺、设计史论2004年艺术概论试题一．解释（任选5题，每题6分，共30分）1．意大利文艺复兴2．曹雪芹3．雨果4．达芬奇5．印象派艺术6．“波普”艺术7．梁思成8．托尔斯泰二．简答（任选2题，每题30分，共60分）1．以史前洞穴壁画为例说明原始艺术是社会生活的反映。
2．现实主义的主要特征。
3．举例说明艺术形象的作用及特征。
三．论述（任选1题，60分）1．车尔尼雪夫斯基与黑格尔关于艺术美与现实美的关系的主要特征是什么？他们是怎样论证的？试评论其长处与短处。
2．试述艺术批评的社会作用。
（考试时间3小时，满分150分）世界设计史试题一．解释（任选5题，每题8分，共40分）1．“工艺美术”运动2．荷兰“风格派””3．法国“装饰艺术”运动4．包豪斯5．孟菲斯集团6．德国“工业同盟7．解构主义二．简答（任选2题，每题25分，共50分）1．“功能主义”2．斯堪的纳维亚设计风格3．乌尔姆的设计教育三．论述（任选1题，每题25分，共50分）1．现代主义设计的影响及其意义。
2．包豪斯对现代设计和设计教育的意义。
（考试时间3小时，满分150分）中外工艺美术史试题一．名词解释（任选6题，每题5分，共30分）1．缂丝2．明式家具3．雕漆4．青铜器5．艺术与手工艺运动6．玛雅文化7．装饰艺术运动8．巴洛克二．简答（任选2题，每题30分，共60分）1．中国青花瓷的起源与发展2．古希腊陶器的艺术特色3．中国原始彩陶的主要成型方法及艺术特征4．欧洲文艺复兴时期的工艺美术三．论述（任选1题，60分）1．中国汉代与罗马工艺美术的比较2．罗可可艺术与清代工艺美术的比较（考试时间3小时，满分150分）2005年艺术概论试题一．解释（任选5题，每题6分，共30分）1．灵感2．风格3．意境4．象征5．抽象6．康德7．朱光潜8．悲剧二．简答（任选2题，每题30分，共60分）1．艺术与宗教的关系2．情感在艺术中的地位与作用3．艺术真实与科学真实的本质区别三．论述（任选1题，60分）1．艺术作品的内容、形式及其关系。
2000年研究生考试英语阅读真题分篇 text-1
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题T ext 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me p roud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact thatthe American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed tothe ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in education。
清华大学612语言学基础考研参考书目、考研真题、复试分数线
薛华等
605 综合化学
《仪器分析》（第 2 版）清华大学出版社，2002
刘密新等
《高分子化学》(第四 化工出版社
版)
潘祖仁主编
《高分子物理》(第三 复旦大学出版社
版)
何曼君等
606 生物学
《基础生命科学》 高等教育出版社 第二版
吴庆余
607 西方哲学史 《西方哲学简史》 北京大学出版社 2002
赵敦华
高等教育出版社，1997 年
《物理化学》(第五 高等教育出版社，2005
版)(上下册) 843 物理化学(含结
《物理化学》(上下册) 清华大学出版社，1995 构化学)
《光学工程基础》 清华大学
822 控制工程基础 《控制工程基础》 清华大学
《工程热力学》
清华大学出版社
823 热流基础
《工程热力学》
高等教育出版社
《流体力学》
清华大学出版社
《理论力学》
清华大学出版社
824 工程力学（理论 《材料力学》 力学及材料力学） 《材料力学》
高等教育出版社 高等教育出版社
《材料力学》
范钦珊等 刘鸿文
《材料力学》
高等教育出版社
孙训方
834 工程热力学 《工程热力学》
高等教育出版社
曾丹苓
835 理论力学及自 《理论力学》
动控制原理
《自动控制原理》
清华大学出版社 清华大学出版社
李俊峰 吴麒
836 普通物理（力 《大学物理》一、二、 清华大学出版社（第二版）
学、热学、电磁学）三册
张三慧
北京大学出版社 上海科学技术出版社
张筑生 周民强，方企勤
604 普通物理
《大学物理》(第二版) 清华大学出版社
2000英一考研阅读真题
2000英一考研阅读真题2000年一英语考研阅读真题解析2000年的英语考研阅读真题是为了考察考生在阅读理解方面的能力和技巧。
本文将针对这道真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解并应对类似的题目。
正文：Passage 1:A group can be defined as a set of individuals who have frequent and direct interaction with one another, shared common goals, a strong sense of belonging to the group, and a common identity. People join groups for a variety of reasons, including affiliation, achievement, and power. Groups serve a variety of functions, such as fulfilling basic survival needs, providing a social framework, and offering individuals a sense of belonging and identity.In the context of organizations, groups often form naturally due to the division of labor and the need for collaboration. These work groups can be classified into different types based on their purpose and structure. For example, formal groups are deliberately created by management to achieve specific goals, while informal groups emerge naturally among individuals with common interests or social connections.One important aspect of group dynamics is the influence of group norms on individual behavior. Group norms are the informal rules and expectations that guide the behavior of group members. They define what is consideredacceptable and unacceptable within the group. Norms can be explicit or implicit, and they can have a powerful impact on individual behavior, as individuals tend to conform to the norms to gain acceptance and avoid rejection.Understanding group dynamics and norms is crucial for effective teamwork and collaboration. Leaders and managers need to be able to recognize and shape group norms to create a positive and productive work environment. Additionally, individuals within a group need to be aware of the influence of group norms on their behavior and be able to navigate them appropriately.Passage 2:The field of cognitive psychology focuses on studying mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and language. Cognitive psychologists investigate how individuals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information. They are particularly interested in understanding cognitive processes involved in problem-solving, decision-making, and learning.One key concept in cognitive psychology is the theory of information processing. According to this theory, information is processed in a series of stages, including input, encoding, storage, retrieval, and output. Each stage involves specific cognitive processes, such as attention, perception, and memory. By understanding how information is processed, cognitive psychologists can design experiments and interventions to improve cognitive functioning.Another important aspect of cognitive psychology is the study of cognitive biases and heuristics. Cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking and judgment that result from limitations in attention, memory, and reasoning processes. Heuristics, on the other hand, are mental shortcuts that individuals use to make judgments and decisions more efficiently. While heuristics can be helpful in certain situations, they can also lead to cognitive biases and errors.The field of cognitive psychology has applications in various areas, including education, business, and healthcare. For example, cognitive psychologists can study how students learn and develop effective teaching strategies. In the business context, they can help design user-friendly interfaces and improve decision-making processes. In healthcare, cognitive psychology can contribute to the understanding and treatment of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.In conclusion, the field of cognitive psychology is concerned with studying mental processes and how individuals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information. By understanding cognitive processes and biases, cognitive psychologists can contribute to various areas of society and improve cognitive functioning.。
2015清华大学外国语语言文学考研专业目录招生人数参考书目历年真题复试分数线答题方法
2015年清华大学外国语语言文学考研专业目录、招生人数、参考书目、历年真题、复试分数线、答题方法、复习经验指导一、2015清华大学外国语语言文学专业考研招生目录院系所、专业及研究方向招生人数考试科目备注069 人文学院050200外国语语言文学01英语语言文学①101思想政治理论②262二外俄语或263二外日语或264二外德语或265二外法语③614基础英语④857综合考试复试时专业综合考试内容：英美文学。
02外国语言学及应用语言学同上复试时专业综合考试内容：英语语言学。
03日语语言文学①101思想政治理论②201英语一③615基础日语④858日语专业基础复试时专业综合考试内容：日语专业综合。
二、2014年清华大学外国语语言文学专业考研复试分数线专业代码专业名称总分政治外语业务1 业务2 0502 外国语语言文学340 50 50 90 90三、2015年清华大学外国语语言文学专业考研参考书科目名称参考书出版社作者614 基础英语《大学英语》（3－4册）商务印书馆张祥保、周珊凤主编《高级英语》（1－2册）外语教学与研究出版社张汉熙主编615 基础日语《简明标准日语语法》高等教育出版社赵蔚青等《日本教育》高等教育出版社陈永明857 综合考试《欧洲文学史》人民文学出版社杨周翰等主编《英国文学史及选读》外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁编《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社常耀信等编著《英国文学选读》上海译文出版社杨岂深等编《美国文学选读》上海译文出版社杨岂深等编《语言学教程（修订版）》北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编858 日语专业基础《日本语言》高等教育出版社徐一平《日语学概论》高等教育出版社翟东娜等《日本文化》高等教育出版社王勇《日语概说》上海外语教育出版社皮细庚四、2006年清华大学外国语语言文学专业考研真题五、2015年清华大学外国语语言文学考研真题答题黄金攻略名师点评：认为只要专业课重点背会了，就能拿高分，是广大考生普遍存在的误区。
2000年研究生考试英语阅读真题分篇 text-1
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题T ext 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me p roud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact thatthe American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed tothe ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in education。
英美文学北京历年真题
英美文学北京历年真题（00-04）2000年(上)英美文学选读试卷及答案PART ONEⅠ. Multiple Choice1. The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?" i s the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s .A. comediesB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. historiesAnswer: C2. "So much the worse for me, that I am strong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it be when you -oh, God! Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?"In the above passage quoted from Emily Bronte’s "Wuthering Heights", the word "soul" apparently refers to________.A. HeathcliffB. CatherineC. ghostD. one’s spiritual lifeAnswer: B3. "And where are they? and where art thou,My country? On thy voiceless shoreThe heroic lay is tuneless now-The heroic bosom beats no more!"(George Gordon Byron, Don Juan)In the above stanza, "art thou" literally means .A. "are you"B. "art though"C. "are though"D. "art you"Answer: A4. The major concern of fiction lies in the tracing of the psych ological development of his characters and in his energetic crit icism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrializatio n on human nature.A. Charles Dickens’sB. D. H. Lawrence’sC. Thomas Hardy’sD. John Galsworthy’sAnswer: B5. Daniel Defoe describes as a typical English middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A. Tom JonesB. GulliverC. Moll FlandersD. Robinson CrusoeAnswer: D6. "To be so distinguished is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge."The above quoted sentence is presented by Samuel Johnson with a(n)A. delightfulB. jealousC. ironicD. humorousAnswer: C7. "She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and, oh,The difference to me?"The word "me" in the last line of the above stanza quoted from Wordsworth’s poem "She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Way s" may possibly refer to .A. the poetB. the readerC. her loverD. everybodyAnswer: C8. is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.A. Bitter satireB. Elegant styleC. Casual narrationD. Complicated sentence structureAnswer: A9. The statement "It reveals the dehumanizing workhouse syst em and the dark, criminal underworld life" may well sum up th e main theme of Dickens’s .A. David CopperfieldB. Bleak HouseC. Great ExpectationsD. Oliver TwistAnswer: D10. "Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? ... And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it a s hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. "The above quoted passage is most probable taken from .A. Pride and PrejudiceB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightsD. Great ExpectationsAnswer: B11. It is generally regarded that Keats’s most important and m ature poems are in the form of .A. odeB. elegyC. epicD. sonnetAnswer: A12. G. B. Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a realistic exposure of the in the English society.A. slum landlordismB. inequality between men and womenC. political corruptionD. economic exploitation of womenAnswer: D13. In William Blake’s poetry, the father (and any other in wh om he saw the image of the father such as God, priest, and king) was usually a figure of .A. benevolenceB. admirationC. loveD. tyrannyAnswer: D14. " ’I believe you are made of stone,’ he said, clenching his fingers so hard that he broke the fragile cup ... ’You seem t o forget,’ she said, ’that cup is not!’ "F rom the above pouted passage, we can find the woman’s to ne is very .A. sarcasticB. amusingC. sentimentalD. facetiousAnswer: A15. The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for .A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationC. universal truthD. self-fulfillmentAnswer: B16. Alexander Pope strongly advocated , emphasizing that liter ary works should be judged by rules of order, reason, logic, r estrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. idealismD. neoclassicismAnswer: D17. After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs. Bennet is a woman of .A. simple character and quick witB. simple character and poor understandingC. intricate character and quick witD. intricate character and poor understandingAnswer: B18. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comicepic in prose," and the first to give the modern novel its stru cture and style.A. Daniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Henry fieldingD. Oliver GoldsmithAnswer: C19. "Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew, /Thou mak’st thy knife keen."In the above quotation taken from The Merchant of Venice, S hakespeare employs a(n) .A. oxymoronB. punC. simileD. synecdocheAnswer: B20 In Hardy’s Wes*** novels, there is a apparent touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural li fe.A. humorousB. romanticC. nostalgicD. sarcasticAnswer: C21. "O prince, O chief of many throned powers,That led th’embattled seraphim to warUnder thy conduct, and in dreadful deesFearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual King."In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Pa radise Lost, the phrase "the conduct" refers to conduct.A. Satan’sB. God’sC. Adam’sD. Eve’sAnswer: A22. We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley’s poe m "Ode to the West Wind" with all the following terms except .A. tamedB. swiftC. proudD. wildAnswer: A23. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled atHarvard, Which was hiled by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A. "Nature"B. "self-Reliance"C. "Divinity School Address"D. "The American Scholar"Answer: D24. In Hawthorne’s "Young Goodman Brown," a satanic figure leads the credulous protagonist to a witches’ Sabbath in the w oods, There he recognizes many pillars of Salem’s Puritan so ciety as well as his wife, Faith. The story illustrates Hawthorn e’s allego rical theme of human evil or what Melville called the "power of .A. blacknessB. whitenessC. terrorD. hypocrisyAnswer: A25. For Melville, as well as for the reader and , the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the univer se.A. AhabB. IshmaelC. StubbD. StarbuckAnswer: B26. Most of the poems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-mass" and the as well.A. natureB. self-relianceC. selfD. lifeAnswer: C27. Emily Dickinson’s poem (441) "This is my letter to the Wo r ld" expresses the poet’s about her communication with the ou tside world.A. indifferenceB. joyC. anxietyD. indignationAnswer: C28. Which of the following statements about writers in 1920s i s true?A. Mark Twain published his last and most important novelB. F. Scott Fitzgerald received the Nobel PrizeC. Freudian psychology influenced many modern writersD. Most writers were politically radicalAnswer: C29. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but mor e ironic and more .A. rationalB. humorousC. optimisticD. pessimisticAnswer: D30. Mark Twain’s first novel , written in collaboration with Char les D. Warner and published in 1873, though not an artistic s uccess, gives its name to the America of the post-Civil War p eriod which it attempts to satirize.A. The Gilded AgeB. The Age of InnocenceC. The Roughing TimeD. The Jazz AgeAnswer: A31. Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They areThe Financier, The Titan and .A. The GeniusB. The TycoonC. The StoicD. The GiantAnswer: C32. Daisy Miller’s tragedy of indiscretion is intensified and enla rged by its narration from the point of view of .A. the author Henry JamesB. the Italian youth GiovanelliC. the American youth WinterbourneD. her mother Mrs. MillerAnswer: C33. The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the America n thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French li terature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet anoth er school of realism: American .A. local colorismB. vernacularismC. modernismD. naturalismAnswer: D34. It is on his that Washington Irving’s fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC. early poetryD. tales about AmericaAnswer: D35. "If honest labor be unremunerative and difficult to endure; if it be the long, long road which never reaches beauty, but w earies the feet and the heart; if the drag to follow beauty be such that one abandons the admired way, taking rather the d espised path leading to her dreams quickly, who shall cast th e first stone?"Where is the underlined phrase taken from?A. The BibleB. MiltonC. ShakespeareD. HawthorneAnswer: A36. Most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth-century American literature, or we may say, the seco nd American Renaissance, is the movement.A. transcendentalB. leftistC. expatriateD. expressionisticAnswer: C37. Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms -the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse -with a clear American local sp eech rhythm, the speech of farmers with its idiosyncratic dictio n and syntax.A. SouthernB. WesternC. New HampshireD. New EnglandAnswer: D38. As an autobiographical play, O’Neill’s (1956) has gained it s status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the clim ax of his literary career and the coming of age of American d rama.A. The Iceman ComethB. Long Day’s Journey Into NightC. The Hairy ApeD. Desire Under the ElmsAnswer: B39. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include , symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. impressionismB. expressionismC. multiple points of viewD. first person point of viewAnswer: C40. Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by .A. short, clear sentencesB. abundance of local imagesC. ordinary American speechD. highly refined languageAnswer: DPART TWOII Reading Comprehension41. Read the quotation carefully and then answer the question s:The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The plowman home ward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.Questions:A. Scan the first line of the stanzaB. Find the irregular foot in the second lineC. Briefly explain the significance of this irregularity Answers:A. Iambic pentameter with the rhyming scheme of abab.B. The third foot contains two accented Syllables.C. Tow accented syllables slow down the pace in keeping with the literary meaning of the phrase "wind slowly".42. The following is a passage taken from a dramatic work: Had I as many souls as there be starsI’d give them all for Mephistophilis!By him I’ll be great emperor of the world,And make a bridge thorough the moving airTo pass the ocean with a band of men;I’ll join the hills that bind the Afric shoreAnd make that country continent to Spain,And both contributory to my crown;The emperor shall not live but by my leave,Nor any potentate of Germany.Now that I have obtained what I desireI’ll live in speculation of this artTill Mephistophilis return again.Questions:A. Name the playwright and the title of the work from which t he passage is taken.B. Name the speaker of the passage quoted above.C. Use the above passage as a guide and write down in one or two sentences the theme of the play.Answers:A. Dr. Faustus, a play by Christopher Marlowe.B. Dr. Fausturs.C. Man’s aspiration, bounding achievements, and the inevitable failure.43. Read the following passage and then answer the question s:... I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby’s house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sud den emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of th e host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gest ure of farewell.Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which thi s passage is taken.B. The passage describes the end of an event. What is it?C. What implied meaning can you get from reading this passa ge?Answers:A. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby.B. It is a description of the end of a big party.C. The passage hints at the meaninglessness, spiritual emptin ess and vanity of such a life of pleasure-seeking. There is a t ragic sense that the "party" will be over.44. Read the following part of a poem and then answer the q uestions:My tongue, every atom of m y blood, form’d from this soil, this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and t heir parent the same,I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem.B. What do "soil" and "air" represent in the first line?C. What does the poet try to say in the above four lines? Answers:A. Walt Whitman, "Song of Myself"B. America, his country, his native land.C. I was born and nurtured by this land and shall from now o n devote my whole life to the country.III Questions and Answers45. The following quotation is the ending of a poem by Rober t Browning:Nay, we’ll goTogether down, sir, Notice Neptune, though,Taming a sea horse, though a rarity,Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me.What is the title of the poem? Who is the speaker? What is t he importance of the allusion "Neptune.../Taming a sea horse" in the whole Poem?Answers:A. "My Last Duchess".B. The Duke, or the husband of the Duchess.C. Placed at the end of the poem, the allusion serves as the conclusion that tells the reader-listener that the speaker is a tyrant.46. Novum Organum ("New Instrument"), along with other wor ks, won the author the honour "Father of modern science". W ho is the author? What is the main concern of the work? Wh y the work is so important for the development of modern sci ence?Answers:A. Francis Bacon.B. The work is an argument for the inductive reasoning in pla ce of the Aristotelian deductive reasoning.C. The Aristotelian reasoning only states the fact, not capable of discovery while the inductive reasoning, although starting with a hypothesis and developing with experiments, may lead to the discovery of true knowledge.47. Ezra Pound is one of the pioneers in modern poetry. Wha t is the poetic school of which he is a chief member? What is Pound’s representative work of many years of poetic creation? What is the title of his frequently quoted one-image poem? P ound has translated some literary works from two great ancien t civilizations. One is Greece. What is the other? How do you understand his famous comment "The image itself is the spe ech"?Answers:A. Imagism.B. The Cantos.C. "In a Station of the Metro".D. ChinaE. Pound means that image should not be ornaments only, bu t should be the focus of poetic expression. By emphasizing th e exterior object, Pound hopes to avoid moralizing and achieve clarity and exactness.48. William Faulkner, a Noble Prize winner, has an important position in American literature. Name two of his major novels. Do you know anything about "Yoknapatawpha County?" What is unique of Faulkner’s fiction, historically and geographically? Answers:A. (下列作品中任选两部): Soldiers’ Pay, Sartoris, The Sound a nd the Fury, As I Lay Dying, Light in August, Absalom, Absal om!, The Hamlet, The Town, The Mansion, and Intruder in the Dust.B. Yoknapatawpha County is an imagined place based on Fau lkner’s own hometown, a p lace that he took for the setting of 15 of his 19 novels and many short stories. This many regionin the American South becomes in Faulkner’s fiction an alleg ory or a parable of the Old South.IV. Topic Discussion49. A possible theme of James Joyce’s sho rt story "Araby" is disillusionment. Briefly discuss the symbolism Joyce employs i n presenting this theme.Answers:A. "Short days of winter", "silent" the street of "blind end", "da rk muddy lanes" with "feeble lanterns", "dark dripping gardens", and many others foretell the inevitable failure of the boy’s att empt to reach his desire.B. Mangan’s sister, for whom the boy had tender feelings, sy mbolizes hope/aspiration, but she was symbolically confine ("h ave a retreat in her convent").C. The journey to the bazaar is a quest for the fulfillment of t he aspiration, but the journey was "intolerably" delayed, and w hen the boy got to the bazaar, half of it was already dark. W hat’s more, the young lady at the door of a stall was "not enc ouraging", and spoke to the boy "out of sense of duty". When the upper part of the hall was completely dark, the boy’s disi llusionment was announced. And thus, "gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanit y; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger".50. What makes Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn more than a child’s adventure story? Briefly discuss the question from THREE of the following aspects: the setting, th e language, the character(s), the theme and the style. Answers:A. Setting: In the novel Mark Twain recreates a small-town wo rld of America and presents the local color.B. Language: He uses simple, direct language faithful to the c olloquial speech, the vernacular language of the local people.C. Character(s): The author recreates two rebels and fugitives running away from civilization, especially Huckleberry Finn, an innocent boy who refuses to accept the conventional village morality.D. Themes: The novel is a criticism of social injustice, hypocri sy, conservativeness and narrow-mindedness of the American small town society.E. Style: The novel employs a humorous style of narration an d is also highly symbolic with the raft as the central symbol.。
2020-2021年清华大学英语语言文学考研择校、参考书、报录比、考研经验分享
2020-2021年清华大学英语语言文学考研择校、参考书、报录比、考研经验分享学院现有5系1中心20余个研究机构（详见学院机构设置），学院承担着《清华大学学报》（哲社版）核心刊物的编辑出版任务。
近年来，学院共承担包括国家社科基金项目重大招标项目、教育部人文社科重大课题攻关项目、国家科技支撑计划等在研项目200余项，这些科硏项目在国家经济、社会、文化建设中发挥了积极作用。
近五年来，学院教师共出版各类著作200多部，发表论文上千篇，科硏成果多次获得教育部、北京市等各类奖项。
2019年清华大学外国语学院招生专业目录及考试科目外国语言文学专业介绍考试科目英语语言文学①101 思想政治理论②262 二外俄语或 263 二外日语或 264二外德语或 265 二外法语③614 基础英语④857 综合考试参考书目614基础英语《大学英语》（3－4册）商务印书馆张祥保、周珊凤主编；《高级英语》（1－2册）外语教学与研究出版社张汉熙主编"857综合考试《古代汉语》北京出版社郭锡良主编；《现代汉语》商务印书馆北京大学中文系编；《大学语文》华东师范大学出版社徐中玉主编；《欧洲文学史》人民文学出版社杨周翰等主编；《英国文学史及选读》外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁编；《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社常耀信等编著；《英国文学选读》上海译文出版社杨岂深等编；《美国文学选读》上海译文出版社杨岂深等编；《语言学教程（修订版）》北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编；"615基础日语《简明标准日语语法》高等教育出版社赵蔚青等《日本教育》高等教育出版社陈永明考研数据分析（复试分数线、录取情况）考研经验分享清华大学外国语语言文学考研备考经验1、零基础复习阶段（6月前)本阶段根据考研科目，选择适当的参考教材，有目的地把教材过一遍，全面熟悉教材，适当扩展知识面，熟悉专业课各科的经典教材。
这个期间非常痛苦，要尽量避免钻牛角尖，遇到实在不容易理解的内容，先跳过去，要把握全局。
清华大学中文各专业考研试卷
清华中文各专业试卷01年00年这个，还有人大和首都师大的卷子，都要感谢yezi的慷慨和辛勤劳作，我才可以顺手牵羊贴到这里来给更多人看到做参考练习2001年——中国现当代文学——中国现当代文学史一、试述“五四”以前几年中国知识界出现的思想启蒙运动。
20分二、试比较分析三十年代“自由人”的文艺观与四十年代后期的自由主义文艺思想。
20分三、试从各个层面阐述胡风“精神奴役创伤”的观点与他的现实主义文艺理论之间的关系。
20分四、简述八十年代后期的“先锋小说”。
20分五、简述九十年代的重要文学现象。
20分--------------------------------2001年——中国现当代文学——文艺理论与文学史一、解释下列词语（共16分，每题4分）1、游戏说2、意境3、悲剧4、时代风格二、简述汉赋的发展历程。
15分三、谈谈《红楼梦》塑造人物形象的手法。
15分四、谈谈陀思妥耶夫斯基小说在叙述上的特点。
15分五、简述意大利文艺复兴时期的文学成就及其影响。
15分六、在现实主义、浪漫主义、现代主义、后现代主义诸文艺思潮中，你认为何者会占据中国文学未来发展的主流？为什么？24分----------------------------------------2001年——中国现当代文学——综合考试文学批评写作试题（只此一题——yezi注）：请仔细阅读这篇刚刚发表的小说，然后写一篇文学评论。
请不要孤立地评论，而要联系90年代末当代文学创作的态势，并着重于“如何写”，而不是只谈“写什么”。
作者：史铁生作品：《两个故事》2001年——语言学及应用语言学——语言学概论一、填空。
34分1、语言是（）。
1分2、运用语言进行交际的过程，如果借用信息论的术语来说，大体上可以分为（）——( )——（）——( )——（）五个阶段。
2.5分3、如果一个病人大脑（）半球发生损伤，他尽管说不出他家的住址，却认得自己的家门。
相反，大脑（）半球发生损伤，他尽管能说出他家的住址，却找不到自己的家门。
英美文学考研题库和答案详解
英美文学考研题库和答案详解下列哪一部作品不是由英国作家莎士比亚所著？答案：D.《白鲸》是由美国作家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔所著。
答案：A.欧内斯特·海明威凭借其作品《老人与海》、《战地春梦》等获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
答案：B.《红与黑》是批判现实主义文学作品。
答案：英国文艺复兴时期的文学作品表现出对人文主义的强烈追求，个体的内心世界和人类命运，作品主题多样，涵盖爱情、友谊、家庭、社会矛盾等。
作品形式多样，包括戏剧、诗歌、散文等。
代表作家包括莎士比亚、培根等。
答案：美国现代主义文学强调个体内心的表达，人类的困境和困惑。
作品形式创新，常常采用象征、隐喻、意识流等手法。
主题包括孤独、迷茫、自我等。
代表作家包括庞德、艾略特、福克纳等。
请论述英国浪漫主义诗歌的主要代表人物及作品，并阐述其艺术特色。
答案：英国浪漫主义诗歌的主要代表人物有华兹华斯、柯勒律治和拜伦。
华兹华斯的《抒情歌谣集》表现了他对自然的热爱和对人类情感的理解；柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》讲述了一个海上漂流的故事，揭示了人类的罪恶和苦难；拜伦的《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》和《唐璜》则以豪放的激情和鲜明的个性，表现了诗人的反抗精神和积极进取的精神。
这些诗人的作品都展现了浪漫主义诗歌的艺术特色：以自然为题材，赞美自然，抒发个人情感，人类命运，反对封建制度等。
请阐述美国现实主义文学的主要特点和代表作家。
答案：美国现实主义文学的主要特点是对社会现实的客观描述和批判，社会问题和社会底层人民的命运。
代表作家包括马克·吐温、亨利·詹姆斯、欧内斯特·海明威等。
马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、《哈克贝里·芬历险记》等作品以幽默讽刺的手法揭示了社会的黑暗面；亨利·詹姆斯的《贵妇人的画像》、《螺丝在拧紧》等作品则深入探讨了人的内心世界和人际关系的复杂性；欧内斯特·海明威的《太阳照常升起》、《老人与海》等作品以简洁明快的语言和客观写实的手法表现了战争的残酷和人类的勇气与尊严。
2015年清华大学外国语语言文学考研专业目录、招生人数、参考书目、历年真题、报录比
2015年清华大学外国语语言文学考研专业目录、招生人数、参考书目、历年真题一、学校复试分数基本要求根据2014年硕士研究生入学考试考生成绩统计结果和我校各学科招生计划，经学校研究生招生工作领导小组讨论决定，对入围复试的考生初试分数基本要求如下。
各院系在达到学校复试分数基本要求的生源充足的情况下，可根据本学科、专业特点及生源和招生计划数制定不低于学校基本要求的本院系学科（专业）复试基本要求，并以此确定入围复试考生名单。
1．统考生、联考生：见附表。
2．单考生：政治、外语单科成绩不低于40分；业务课满分150分的科目单科成绩不低于80分，业务课满分300分的科目单科成绩不低于180分；且总分不低于300分。
3．“强军计划”考生（含计算机科学与技术在职单考班）：总分不低于240分，单科不限。
4．“少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”考生：所有考试科目总分满分500分的要求总分不低于305分，总分满分300分的要求总分不低于185分，单科不限。
二、复试办法1．院系制定本单位复试工作办法各院系根据学校复试分数制定复试工作办法，要求于3月7至23日安排考生复试。
2．考生报考资格审查入围复试的考生在复试期间须携带本人以下材料进行报考资格审查：（1）准考证；（2）有效身份证件原件及一份复印件；（3）毕业证书（应届生带学生证）原件及一份复印件；（4）一张1寸免冠照片（体检表用）；（5）考生自述（包括政治表现、外语水平、业务和科研能力、研究计划）；（6）大学期间成绩单原件或档案中成绩单复印件（加盖档案单位红章）。
参加复试的考生须缴纳100元复试费，由考生通过网上缴费平台（）在复试前完成缴费。
缴费后因各种原因不能参加复试者，已支付的复试费不退。
已经缴纳复试费的考生，参加校内调剂复试不再重复收费。
复试结束后，凡未进行资格审查或资格审查未通过的考生一律不予录取。
3．复试内容复试一般包含以下内容：①笔试或实践（实验）能力测试按招生专业目录公布的复试笔试内容组织考试，时间为120分钟，笔试满分为100分。
2000级文学选试卷及参考答案
Test of History and Anthology of English and American LiteratureFor 2000 English majorsNAME: NUMBER: CLASS: SCORE: Part I Out of the four pair down below, choose one pair from (a), (b) and (c) and another pair from (d), (e) and (f) and write two separate brief comparative essays to discuss their similarities and differences. (15%)(a)Thomas Hardy and wrence (8%)(b)Jane Austen (Pride and Prejudice) and Charlotte Bronte (Jane Eyre) (8%)(c) Ezra Pound and Carl Sandburg (8%)(d)F.Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway (7%)(e)Denial Defoe and Jonathan Swift (7%)(f)William Blake and Robert Burns (7%)Part II Answer the following questions according to each poem or novel to discuss the major theme of the following poem. (25%)IWhen I came to LudlowBy Alfred Edward HousemanWhen I came last to LudlowAmidst the moonlight pale,Two friends kept step with me,Two honest lads and hale.*Now Dick lies long in the churchyard,And Ned lies long in jail,And I come here to LudlowAmidst the moonlight pale.Note:Hale: healthy.Questions:1.Who are Nick and Ned? What has happened to them?2.What kind of view does this poem express?3.Do you agree with him? Explain your answer.IIIt was not very long after speaking the Goney that another homeward-bound whaleman, the Town-Ho, was encountered. She was manned almost wholly by Polynesians. In the short gam that ensued she gave us strong news of Moby Dick. To some the general interest in the White Whale was now wildly heightened by a circumstance of the Town-Ho’s story, which seemed obscurely to involve with the whale a certain wondrous, inverted visitation of one of those so called judgements of God which at times are said to overtake some men. This latter circumstance, with its own particular accompaniments, forming what may be called the secret part of the tragedy about to be narrated, never reached the ears of Captain Ahab or his mates. For that secret part of the story was unknown to the captain of the Town-Ho himself. It was the private property of three confederate white seamen of that ship, one of whom, it seems, communicated it to Tashtego with Romish injunctions of secresy, but the following night Tashtego rambled in his sleep, and revealed so much of it in that way, that when he was wakened he could not well withhold the rest. Nevertheless, so potent an influence did this thing have on those seamen in the Pequod who came to the full knowledge of it, and by such a strange delicacy, to call it so, were they governed in this matter, that they kept the secret among themselves so that it never transpired abaft the Pequod’s main-mast. Interweaving in its proper place this darker thread with the story as publicly narrated on the ship, the whole of this strange affair I now proceed to put on lasting record.Questions:4. From which novel is this paragraph taken?5. What is the name of the novelist?6. Who is Ahab”7. What is Pequod?8. What is the theme of the novel?IIIWhen Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affectation for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant—a combined gardener and cook—had seen in at least ten years.Questions:9. Which book is this paragraph taken from?10. Who is the writer of the work?Part III Write an essay over 250 words according to the following suggestion. (20%) Sure, death is inevitable in life, but The Death of the Moth is distinctly significant in the eyes of Virginia Woolf. And how does the speaker emotionally regard the moth more than a mere insect, but as a “tiny bead of pure life”.Part IV Literature comprehension (40%)Directions: Choose the one best answer for each item.Items 1—4 refer t o the following passage from “the Death of the Moth”, an essay by Virginia Woolf.Where is the moth going?The same energy which inspired the rooks, the ploughmen, the horses, and even, it seemed, the lean bare-backed downs, sent the moth fluttering from side to side of his square of the window-pane. One could not help watching him. One was, indeed, conscious of a queer feeling of pity for him. The possibilities of pleasure seemed that morning so enormous and so various that to have only a moth’s part in life, and a day moth’s at that, appeared a hard fate, and his zest in enjoying his meager opportunities to the full, phatic. He flew vigorously to one corner of his apartment, and, after waiting there a second, flew across to the other. What remained for him but to fly to a third corner and then to a fourth? That was all he could do, in spite of the size of the downs, the width of the sky, the far-off smoke of houses, and the romantic voice, now and then, of a steamer out of at sea. What he could do he did. Watching him, it seemed as if a fibre, very thin but pure, of the enormous energy of the world had been thrust into his frail and diminutive body. As often as he crossed the pane, I could fancy that a thread of vital light became visible. He was little or nothing but life.1. What is the most probable source for the energy that sends the moth fluttering?(1)nature(2)sunlight(3)the lure of freedom(4)the mating instinct(5)ambition2. Which of the following definition is most probably what the author had in mind when she said the moth had a diminutive body (line)?(1)rapidly tiring(2)stupid(3)tiny(4)energetic(5)romantic3. What problem would a person be having in the same situation as the moth?(1)problems with navigation(2)an inability to see the obstacles in life(3)too great a desire for pleasure(4)being blinded by the light of the window(5)an overload of nervous energy4. Why does the author conclude this passage with the phrase “little or nothing but life”?(1)because the moth is little(2)because the moth means nothing in the large scheme of life(3)because the moth is going to die(4)to show her sympathy for the moth(5)to suggest that the moth represents the life forceItem 5—8 refer to the following poem by Ted Hughes.WHY IS THE MOMENT IMPORTANT?That MomentWhen the pistol muzzles oozing blue vapourWas lifted awayLike a cigarette lifted from the an ashtrayAnd the only face left in the worldLay brokenBetween hands that relaxed, being too lateAnd the trees closed foreverAnd the streets closed foreverAnd the body lay on the gravelOf the abandoned worldAmong abandoned utilitiesExposed to infinity foreverCrow had to start searching for something to eat.5. What is the situation described in this poem?(1)A bird is waiting for the man to die(2)A man has been shot on a country road.(3)A person has been shot in a city.(4)A man has died in a nuclear explosion.(5)The end of the world has come.6. What is the effect of the phrase “like a cigarette lifted from an ashtray” (line3)?(1)It implies a casualness to the killing.(2)It reveals that the killer smoked.(3)The reader better visualizes the smoke.(4)The reader is brought closer to the violence.(5)It leads to the image of a face.7. In what way does the poet emphasizes the finality of the death?(1)By stating the hands were relaxed.(2)With the image of the crow(3)By repeating several key words(4)With the words “exposed”(line 12)(5)By using only one sentence for the poem8. I f the crow is seen as a representative of the ordinary man, what would he probably do when told his wife was pregnant?(1)be overjoyed(2)start crying(3)get angry(4)get a second job(5)become depressedItems9—10 refer to the following passage from “Was”, a shot story by William Faulkner.WHAT DOES CASS FIND AT HOME?When Cass Edmonds and Uncle Buck ran back to the house from discovering that Tomey’s Hurl had run again, they heard Uncle Buddy cursing and bellowing in the kitchen, then the fox and the dogs came out of the kitchen and crossed the hall into the dog’s room and they heard them run through the dog’s room into his and Buck’s room, then they saw them cross the hall again into Uncle Buddy’s room and heard them run through Uncle Buddy’s room into the kitchen again and this time it sounded like the whole kitchen chimney had come down and Uncle Buddy bellowing like a steamboat blowing, and this time the fox and the dogs and five or six sticks of firewood all came out of the kitchen together with Uncle Buddy in the middle of them hitting at everything in sight with another stick. It was a good race.9. Which of the following statements best described the situation in this passage?(1)Uncle Buddy is having a dog race.(2)Uncle Buddy is chasing a fox around the kitchen.(3)Uncle Buddy is after the dogs that are chasing a fox around the house.(4)The dogs are after Uncle Buddy who is chasing the fox.(5)The fox is after the dogs that are chasing Uncle Buddy around the kitchen.10. Which of the following techniques does the author use to emphasize the chaos of the scene?(1)writing a short sentence at the conclusion(2)putting all the action in one long sentence(3)describing Uncle Buck’s and Cass’s reaction(4)comparing Uncle Buddy’s bellowing to a steamboat whistle(5)having the action inside the houseItems 11-14 refer to the following excerpt from "Annabel Lee," a poem by Edgar Allan Poe.WHAT HAPPENED LONG AGO?Annabel LeeIt was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may knowBy the name of ANNABEL LEE;5 And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.I was a child and she was a child,In this kingdom by the sea:But we loved with a love that was more than love?10 I and my ANNABEL LEE;With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me.And this was the reason that, long ago,In this kingdom by the sea,15 A wind blew out of cloud, chillingMy beautiful ANNABEL LEE;So that her high-born kinsman cameAnd bore her away from me,To shut her up in a sepulchre20 In this kingdom by the sea.The angels, not half so happy in heaven,Went envying her and me?Yes!-that was the reason (as all men know,In this kingdom by the sea)25 That the wind came out of the cloud by night,Chilling and killing my ANNABEL LEE11. The special nature of the "love that was more than love"(line9) is emphasized by(1) the fact that the lovers were children(2) the envy of the angels(3) the tragedy of Annabel Lee's death(4) the lovers' royalty(5) the chilling wind that separated the pair12. Based on the tone of this poem, the speaker will most likely(1) forget about Annabel Lee(2) murder Annabel's kinsman(3) attend church regularly(4) continue to mourn his lost love(5) visit Annabel's family13. If Annabel Lee had survived her chill, she would most likely have then(1) gone home to her family(2) decided to become a nurse(3) become the speaker's devoted wife(4) become very religious(5) decided to be an independent woman14. What is the poet's primary method for setting the moodthis poem?(1) referring to the wind(2) capitalizing Annabel Lee's name(3) putting the tragedy in the past tense(4) repeating "a kingdom by the sea"(5) making the cause of death unknown15. Which of the following is suggested about the speaker?(1) He never looks back.(2) He has forgotten Annabel's name.(3) He is not affected by life's sorrows.(4) He is ready for another relationship.(5) He still loves Annabel Lee.16. The sepulchre (line 19) is most probably(1) a prison(2) a deep grave(3) an elaborate tomb(4) a haunted castle(5) an open casketItems 17-20 refer to the following passage from The Grapes of Wrath, a novel by John Steinbeck.WHAT IS THIS MAN PROUD OF?He loved the land no more than the bank loved the land. He could admire the tractor-its machined surfaces, its surge of power, the roar of its detonating cylinders; 5 but it was not his tractor. Behind the tractor rolled the shining disks, cutting the earth with blades-not plowing but surgery, pushing the cut earth to the right where the second row of disks cut it and pushed it to 10 the left; slicing blades shining, polished by the cut earth. And pulled behind the disks, the harrows combine with iron teeth sothat the little clods broke up and the earth lay smooth. The driver sat in his iron seat and 15 he was proud of the straight lines he did not will, proud of the tractor he did not own or love, proud of the power he could not control: And when that crop grew, and was harvested, no man had crumbled a hot 20 clod in his fingers and let the earth sift past his fingertips. No man had touched the seed, or lusted for the growth. Men ate what they had not raised, had no connection with the bread. The land bore under iron, and under iron gradually died; for it was not loved or hated, it had no prayers or curses.17. What is suggested by the comparison in the first sentence?(1) The bank loves the land more than the man does.(2) The man cares very much about the land.(3) Both the man the bank see the land only as a source of income.(4) The man has borrowed heavily from the bank in order to pay for the land.(5) Both the man and the bank have emotional investments in the land18. What is meant by the word iron (line25) in the last sentence?(1) the seat of the tractor(2) the tractor and other farm machines(3) the iron fist of the driver(4) the farmer’s strength(5) the metal deposits in the field19. Why does the author end the passage with "for it was not loved or hated, ithad no prayers or curses(line26-27)?(1) to suggest that the land is impersonal(2) to explain why the man felt as he did about the land.(3) to suggest that a person must be emotionally involved in order for the land tothrive.(4) to suggest that farmers don’t need to either pay or curse to raise good crops.(5) to reveal that the tractor driver was not religious20. Which of the following best describe the activity of the man in this excerpt?(1) harvesting the grain(2) performing surgery(3) plowing a field(4) admiring the land(5) touching the earthAnswer to Test of Anthology of English and American LiteraturePart I. Literature Comparison.本部分共有两组，每组三道题，考生只需选做各组中的其中一道，第一组8分，第二组7分。