【雅思】2013年8月17日雅思阅读考题回顾
【雅思】2013年8月24日雅思阅读考题回顾-推荐下载
【雅思】2013年8月24日雅思阅读考题回顾雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心宋媛婧考试日期：2013年8月24日methods developed for organic agriculture have been borrowed by more conventional agriculture. For example, Integrated Pest Management is a multifaceted strategy that uses various organic methods of pest control whenever possible, but in conventional farming could include synthetic pesticides only as a last resort.Crop diversityCrop diversity is a distinctive characteristic of organic farming. Conventional farming focuses on mass production of one crop in one location, a practice called monoculture. The science of agroecology has revealed the benefits of polyculture (multiple crops in the same space), which is often employed in organic farming. Planting a variety of vegetable crops supports a wider range of beneficial insects, soil microorganisms, and other factors that add up to overall farm health. Crop diversity helps environments thrive and protect species from going extinct.Soil managementOrganic farming relies heavily on the natural breakdown of organic matter, using techniques like green manure and composting, to replace nutrients taken from the soil by previous crops. This biological process, driven by microorganisms such as mycorrhiza, allows the natural production of nutrients in the soil throughout the growing season, and has been referred to as feeding the soil to feed the plant. Organic farming uses a variety of methods to improve soil fertility, including crop rotation, cover cropping, reduced tillage, and application of compost. By reducing tillage, soil is not inverted and exposed to air; less carbon is lost to the atmosphere resulting in more soil organic carbon. This has an added benefit of carbon sequestration which can reduce green house gases and aid in reversing climate change.Plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients and symbiotic relationships with fungi and other organisms to flourish, but getting enough nitrogen, and particularly synchronization so that plants get enough nitrogen at the right time (when plants need it most), is a challenge for organic farmers. Crop rotation and green manure ("cover crops") help to provide nitrogen through legumes (more precisely, the Fabaceae family) which fix nitrogen from the atmosphere through symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria. Intercropping, which is sometimes used for insect and disease control, can also increase soil nutrients, but the competition between the legume and the crop can be problematic and wider spacing between crop rows is required. Crop residues can be ploughed back into the soil, and different plants leave different amounts of nitrogen, potentially aiding synchronization. Organic farmers also use animal manure, certain processed fertilizers such as seed meal and various mineral powders such as rock phosphate and greensand, a naturally occurring form of potash which provides potassium. Together these methods help to control erosion. In some cases pHmay need to be amended. Natural pH amendments include lime and sulfur, but in the U.S. some compounds such as iron sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and soluble boron products are allowed in organic farming.Mixed farms with both livestock and crops can operate as ley farms, whereby the land gathers fertility through growing nitrogen-fixing forage grasses such as white clover or alfalfa and grows cash crops or cereals when fertility is established. Farms without livestock ("stockless") may find it more difficult to maintain soil fertility, and may rely more on external inputs such as imported manure as well as grain legumes and green manures, although grain legumes may fix limited nitrogen because they are harvested. Horticultural farms growing fruits and vegetables which operate in protected conditions are often even more reliant upon external inputs.Biological research on soil and soil organisms has proven beneficial to organic farming. Varieties of bacteria and fungi break down chemicals, plant matter and animal waste into productive soil nutrients. In turn, they produce benefits of healthier yields and more productive soil for future crops. Fields with less or no manure display significantly lower yields, due to decreased soil microbe community, providing a healthier, more arable soil system.题型难度分析人名观点Matching题属于简单题型，定位非常容易。
雅思阅读真题附答案（完整版）
雅思阅读真题附答案（完整版）智课网 IELTS备考资料雅思阅读真题附答案（完整版）摘要：雅思阅读真题是考生练习雅思阅读的必备资料。
不少考生在网上寻求雅思阅读真题，今天小编汇总了里面雅思阅读真题附答案版，方便考生复习。
雅思阅读真题是历年雅思考试中出现的雅思阅读题目，练习雅思阅读真题对于考生提升雅思阅读答题能力有很大的帮助。
小编整理了历年雅思阅读真题附答案，帮助考生复习雅思阅读。
雅思阅读真题附答案版(部分内容 )：题型 :人名观点配对他在寻找古老的湖泊，这名Mungo 女子是被火葬的A持怀疑态度的教授对一些化石的DNA 进行了可靠的分析E教授测定的人的年龄要比62000 年前年轻的多的结果A确定 Mungo 人的年龄，争议了澳大利亚人的起源B在澳洲，研究小组谁先恢复生物的证据，发现尼安德特人C年代的支持者认为澳大利亚巨型动物的灭绝是由于古代人类狩猎造成的D多区域的解释已经被提出，而不是坚持认为单一的起源B史前人类活动导致气候变化而不是巨型动物的灭绝A判断题Mungo 湖仍然为考古学家提供了图解说明人类活动的证据True 在 Mungo 湖发现Mungo 使用的武器Not givenMungo 人是在复杂的文化世界上已知最古老的考古证据之一，如埋葬仪式TrueMungo 男人和女人的骨架是被发现在同一年False澳大利亚教授使用古老的研究方法对“走出非洲”支持者的批判Not given以上就是关于雅思阅读真题附答案的相关汇总，考生可以通过上方下载完整版历年雅思阅读真题解析，提升资深雅思阅读能力。
相关字搜索：雅思阅读真题附答案人生中每一次对自己心灵的释惑，都是一种修行，都是一种成长。
相信生命中的每一次磨砺，都会让自己的人生折射出异常的光芒，都会让自己的身心焕发出不一样的香味。
我们常常用人生中的一些痛，换得人生的一份成熟与成长，用一些不可避免的遗憾，换取生命的一份美丽。
在大风大雨，大风大浪，大悲大喜之后，沉淀出一份人生的淡然与淡泊，静好与安宁，深邃与宽厚，慈悲与欣然??生活里的每个人，都是我们的一面镜子，你给别人什么，别人就会回待你什么。
(完整word版)剑桥雅思8阅读理解解析含翻译
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE 1-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, 'says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. ' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun)would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from………………………….5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used……………….6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its……………….Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionisation by removing electrons from 7 …………………………. This laser is then directed at 8 …………………………in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9 …………………………. As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at 10………………………….A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构体裁说明文主题用激光回击闪电结构第1段：闪电带来的危害第2段：科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法第3段：先前的闪电回击术介绍第4段：火箭回击术的缺陷第5段：更安全的激光回击术第6段：激光回击术的技术原理第7段：激光回击术的缺陷第8段：通过实地实验改进激光回击术第9段：激光回击术对其他学科也有益处第10段：激光回击术的其他用途解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
雅思(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编17(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编17(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.CLASSIFYING SOCIETIESAlthough humans have established many types of societies throughout history, sociologists and anthropologists tend to classify different societies according to the degree to which different groups within a society have unequal access to advantages such as resources, prestige or power, and usually refer to four basic types of societies. From least to most socially complex they are clans, tribes, chiefdoms and states.ClanThese are small-scale societies of hunters and gatherers, generally of fewer than 100 people, who move seasonally to exploit wild(undomesticated)food resources. Most surviving hunter-gatherer groups are of this kind, such as the Hadza of Tanzania or the San of southern Africa. Qan members are generally kinsfolk, related by descent or marriage. Clans lack formal leaders, so there are no marked economic differences or disparities in status among their members.Because clans are composed of mobile groups of hunter-gatherers, their sites consist mainly of seasonally occupied camps, and other smaller and more specialised sites. Among the latter are kill or butchery sites—locations where large mammals are killed and sometimes butchered—and work sites, where tools are made or other specific activities carried out. The base camp of such a group may give evidence of rather insubstantial dwellings or temporary shelters, along with the debris of residential occupation.TribeThese are generally larger than mobile hunter-gatherer groups, but rarely number more than a few thousand, and their diet or subsistence is based largely on cultivated plants and domesticated animals. Typically, they are settled farmers, but they may be nomadic with a very different, mobile economy based on the intensive exploitation of livestock. These are generally multi-community societies, with the individual communities integrated into the larger society through kinship ties. Although some tribes have officials and even a “capital”or seat of government, such officials lack the economic base necessary for effective use of power.The typical settlement pattern for tribes is one of settled agricultural homesteads or villages. Characteristically, no one settlement dominates any of the others in the region. Instead, the archaeologist finds evidence for isolated, permanently occupied houses or for permanent villages. Such villages may be made up of a collection of free-standing houses, like those of the first farms of the Danube valley in Europe. Or they may be clusters of buildings grouped together, for example, the pueblos of the American Southwest, and the early farming village or small town ofin modern Turkey.ChiefdomThese operate on the principle of ranking—differences in social status between people. Different lineages(a lineage is a group claiming descent from a common ancestor)are graded on a scale of prestige, and the senior lineage, and hence the society as a whole, is governed by a chief. Prestige and rank are determined by how closely related one is to the chief, and there is no truestratification into classes. The role of the chief is crucial.Often, there is local specialisation in craft products, and surpluses of these and of foodstuffs are periodically paid as obligation to the chief. He uses these to maintain his retainers, and may use them for redistribution to his subjects. The chiefdom generally has a center of power, often with temples, residences of the chief and his retainers, and craft specialists. Chiefdoms vary greatly in size, but the range is generally between about 5000 and 20,000 persons.Early StateThese preserve many of the features of chiefdoms, but the ruler(perhaps a king or sometimes a queen)has explicit authority to establish laws and also to enforce them by the use of a standing army. Society no longer depends totally upon kin relationships: it is now stratified into different classes. Agricultural workers and the poorer urban dwellers form the lowest classes, with the craft specialists above, and the priests and kinsfolk of the ruler higher still. The functions of the ruler are often separated from those of the priest: palace is distinguished from temple. The society is viewed as a territory owned by the ruling lineage and populated by tenants who have an obligation to pay taxes. The central capital houses a bureaucratic administration of officials; one of their principal purposes is to collect revenue(often in the form of taxes and tolls)and distribute it to government, army and craft specialists. Many early states developed complex redistribution systems to support these essential services.This rather simple social typology set out by Elman Service and elaborated by William Sanders and Joseph Marino, can be criticised, and it should not be used unthinkingly. Nevertheless, if we are seeking to talk about early societies, we must use words and hence concepts to do so. Service’s categories provide a good framework to help organise our thoughts.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1．There’s little economic difference between members of a clan.A．真B．假C．Not Given正确答案：A解析：利用细节信息“clan”和“economic difference”定位于原文Clan部分的第一个分段落的最后一句话“there are no marked economic differences or disparities in status amongtheir members”。
2013年8月17日托福阅读真题解析
阅读使人快乐，成长需要时间2013年8月17日托福阅读真题解析第一篇：TOPIC 欧洲艺术创新的兴起主要讲欧洲4万年前艺术创新的兴起，以及和周边国家包括非洲等的关系。
解析：本文与考古学及艺术相关，是托福阅读中较少考察的话题。
下文阐释为何在四万年前欧洲艺术兴起。
Why and how art was suddenly born 40,000 years ago in EuropeArt was born suddenly, about 40,000 years ago, in the Ice Age of Europe. That art could be so old was not indeed realised until 1879, when the cave paintings of bison at Altamira in North Spain were first recognised and authenticated. The cave paintings of France and Spain can only be visited there, at the famous sites like Lascaux (in the Dordogne) and Altamira. But the remarkable small carvings on bone or ivory which are found in such caves, often of animals or the celebrated “Venus” figurines of nude women, are more portable, and they have been found more widely . A wonderful selection of these from the museums of Europe is now on show at the British Museum, in the exhibition “Ice Age Art: Arrival of the Modern Mind”.It is now well established that our species, Homo sapiens, emerged in Africa some 200,000 years ago, and that the out-of-Africa expansion of humankind leading eventually to the population of the world, began in earnest some 60,000 years ago. And although there are some remains of Ice Age art in Australia, and just a few in Africa, it was in Europe th at the “creative explosion” took place, shortly after40,000 years ago, generating these vivid carvings and engravings on stone and bone, and the painted caves with their lively colourful depictions of horses and bison, reindeer and lions. The carvings are found in caves, rock shelters and open air sites from Spain and France, right across Central and Eastern Europe as far as Siberia. From Moravia, in the Czech Republic, come the earliest known sculptures of baked clay. For the first time in Britain a wonderful selection of original pieces, curated by Jill Cook of the British Museum, has been brought together from the major museums of France, Germany, Russia, the Czech Republic and beyond. They are to be seen in the British Museum’s Special Exhibition Galler y in the Great Court, just above the Reading Room. Why the “modern mind” first showed its hand in Europe at this early time, rather than in Africa where it originated, remains to be explained. But the rich and intriguing evidence is here to see.These are small objects, few larger than a foot in height, but here, perhaps for the first time in human history, are brought together so many of the greatest masterpieces of sculpture from those 300 centuries of the Old Stone Age, which ended ten millennia ago with the onset of warmer climatic conditions. The very first object on view, the Venus of Lespugue, a curvaceous nude statuette of mammoth ivory, just 6 inches tall, with wonderfully convex echoing forms of breasts, buttocks and abdomen was justly admired by Picasso. One sees at once, as he did, that the stone age sculptor of 25,000 years ago was fascinated by these repeated volumes as he shaped them from a tusk of ivory.For the specialist this is a wonderful opportunity to see so many of these treasures gathered together in one place, although it is odd that that Spain, where cave art was first recongised, is not represented at all in the exhibition. The display is supplemented by some Modernist drawings, illustrating how the “modern mind” of the Ice Age inspired them. One reproach, however: where one splendid piece, the Lion-Man of Hohlenstein-Stadel in south Germany is represented by a replica, this circumstance is indicated only by a tiny note invisible from the front of the display case. At the exhibition preview I spent a happy 15 minutes admiring the Lion-Man in the company of our country’s foremost naturalist and television communicator. So I was astonished to learn a week later from a member of the museum staff that this was not the original piece but a high-grade replica. On a second visit I scrutinised all available labels and then learnt that the original was still in the museum in Ulm (where two recently recognised fragments are being added). This should have been made clear at the outset. But that was a minor disappointment in the presence of the concentrated assemblage of ancient masterpieces exhibited here, whose immediacy and freshness of vision bridges the centuries with consummate ease.第二篇：TOPIC 原生演替和次生演替讲primary succession原生演替和secondary succession次生演替。
雅思阅读8月机经总结及解析
Bernice 雅思阅读8月机经总结及解析8月2日考试分析：8月的第一场考试似乎并不怎么友善，三篇文章都是新题，题材方面涉及文史，自然和社会科学，不了解相关背景的同学可能会感觉相当吃力。
在题型方面，段落信息配对依然不出意料地出现在了试卷上，也再一次提醒大家在课堂上说过的“三座大山”需要重点练习。
本次考试判断和选择成了题型中的主力，尤其是选择，两篇文章都出现了选择题，而且还有文章主旨单选题来凑热闹。
要想拿下雅思阅读并取得好成绩，搞定选择题成了现在的趋势，希望烤鸭们平时多多练习。
文章分析：8月9日本次雅思阅读考试再现3新格局，三篇文章均为新题，文章题材涉及文史，社会科学，难度较大。
在题型方面，主旨配对和人名理论配对依旧是重点也是难点。
相比而言，本次考试判断和填空成了题型中的主力，尤其是填空，三篇文章都出现了填空题，而且第三篇文章还出现了有词库的摘要填空。
希望烤鸭们平时一定要多多练习高频题型，熟练把握并且控制做题节奏。
在话题方面，2014年以来，人文话题较往年居多，本年已考过绘画与个性的关系，博物馆，音乐，海岸雕塑和艺术的定义等，本次考试又考到了艺术话题。
建议烤鸭们平时增加对此类话题的文章的补充阅读；另外本年不止一定考到了新西兰的相关内容，本年已考过了除澳大利亚的古生物灭绝，更有新西兰的纺织业，木材产业，全球变暖，本次考试又涉及到了新西兰的路。
建议烤鸭们多关注新西兰以及澳洲的一些科普内容。
8月16日本场雅思阅读考试难度不大。
1.从话题来看，本场考试的话题有，动物和全球化，心理，都为旧话题，可以参考剑桥真题的相关文章。
2.从考试题型来看，涉及到摘要填空，是非无判断，段落细节信息匹配，单选和流程图填空。
其中判断题和摘要填空所占比重较大。
建议烤鸭们在备考时一定要注意对高频题型的熟练度，速度的把控和正确率的提升，流程图填空是雅思阅读的送分题，提醒考生合理分配时间，先易后难，抓住基本分数。
8月21日考试分析: 本次考试难度不大。
2013年8月17日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)
2013年8月17日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)。
下面为大家总结了2013年8月17日雅思写作机经的相关回忆，主要是TASK1部分的内容，供同学们进行下载参考。
2013年8月17日雅思写作机经回忆解析,同时给出了雅思作文写作思路，同学们可适当进行了解，雅思写作机经也是备考雅思听力的优选资料。
点击下载2013年8月17日雅思写作机经解析2013年8月17日雅思写作机经解析TASK12013年8月17日雅思写作题目：2013年8月17日雅思写作思路：本题属于柱状图(Bar charts)比较non-independents在五个不同国家的比例以及和世界平均水平的对比，针对于2000年的情况和2050年的预测情况。
这篇小作文只有6个对象(1个世界平均+5个国家)，每个对象只有两个数据(2000年+2050年预测)，总共12个数据，所以对于每一个数据的描述都很重要。
数据分两种，2000年和2050年的预测数据，建议写两个主体段※注意：表达预测的将来用to be expected开头：改写题目 show compare , non-independents dependents主体段一：描述2000年的情况(蓝色代表)，①总述：世界平均以及五个国家dependents的比例在2000年均低于40%,②从左到右依次描述：India最高(38%)， Indonesia和China很接近(around 35%)，Korea最低，接近世界平均水平(22%)， Japan(35%)主体段二：描述2050年的预测数据(红色代表)①数据发生剧烈变化，世界平均及其它国家(除India外)均高于40%②从左到右依次描述：India将降为最低(around 32%)， Indonesia第二低，(40%)，China第二高(around46%)，Korea(around44%)，Japan最高(49%)以上就是小编为大家整理的“2013年8月17日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)”部分内容，更多资料请点击雅思资料下载频道!。
2013年雅思阅读考题回顾(三)
2013年4月18日雅思阅读考试回忆刘美超老师简介：环球雅思教研主管。
中国石油大学英语专业科班出身，持有专业英语八级证书、教师资格证书。
“三维一体”听力教学，集场景教学、做题技巧与应试策略于一体；授课亲切自然，实力与技巧完美结合。
深谙雅思各级学员状况，量体裁衣，为学生提供无间隙性服务！使用说明：本文系环球雅思教研主管刘美超老师征集，环球雅思学校赵晨老师撰写的原创文章。
赵晨老师主讲雅思阅读，写作，英语翻译硕士，专业八级，专业笔译口译。
完整版回忆可直接去环球雅思论坛进行下载。
阅读： 2篇旧题第一篇：斯里兰卡水箱Q1-6: Summary 填空题 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)1. What is the major way for local people make b arely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?Crop production B段第三行2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?Sugar-cane plantations3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?Three wells4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect ofdrought begin?19985. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?roofs of houses6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?Storage tanksQ7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN7. NGMost of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat f ailed.8. YESMasons w ere trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.9. NOThe cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagersand the local government.10. YESTanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.11. NOTo send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.12. NOT GIVENHouseholds benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.13. NOT GIVENTraining two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.14. NOOther organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks builtin Muthukandya.第二篇：化学发展史1-6: Information Containing:1. The development of various scientific methods D2. A reference of personal connection between different sciences B3. Explain the limitation of chemical equipment at that time D4. Applicable devices invented within chemistry E5. History of great leaping development of chemist F6. The unstable political situation of different countries A7-13: Summary:Chemistry rely on __________, just as ____rely on eyes, and _______need devices such as _________ in early chemistry, chemists used differentnumber of ________ to control temperature of the fires. Although _____was known in classic Greece and it seems to have been invented and made inVenice or northern Italy about 1289. _____________ was put in the thermometer which made chemistry further development.7. Tools8. Astronomy9. Burning glass10. Physics11. Candles12. Pendulum13. Alcohol/mercury thermometer环球雅思学校刘美超微博名：YS美超环球雅思学校教研中心微博名：环球雅思教研中心。
2013雅思阅读模拟试题与答案解析
Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange sideeffects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linke d to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the s afety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The wo man’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The productinformation for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtit le “Hypnotic effects”：Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.以上就是新东方网雅思频道为大家整理的2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析，非常实用。
2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析
Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange sideeffects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linke d to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the s afety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The wo man’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The productinformation for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtit le “Hypnotic effects”：Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.以上就是新东方网雅思频道为大家整理的2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析，非常实用。
2013年8月17日雅思口语机经
⽆忧考为⼤家整理了2013年8⽉17⽇雅思⼝语机经,仅供参考！！2013年8⽉17⽇雅思⼝语回忆（友版） 回忆1： 杭州209:⽩⼈胖⽼头,⽼是对着我笑!p1work or study, leisure time,how to relax yourself p2language you want to learn p3各种about language,第⼀个出来好慌,是不是代表考官不想听我说下去了呀? 新东⽅李晓刚⽼师点评： 杭州209 这种原因很复杂的，各种原因都有可能，所以不要多想了，哈哈～ 回忆2： 澳洲黄⾦海岸⼝语part1 flat/ hometown/ relaxation.part2 plant.Part 3 whether farming is important in your country 回忆3： ⼴外room306 p1 writing music p2 seaside place.. p3 holiday at home or go outsight.. 回忆4： 长沙 13：40 room9 part2：【⼴告】你有没有看过⼀个⼴告让你想买他的东西，part3：商家宣传⾃⼰商品⼀般⽤什么媒体，你觉得哪种媒体宣传更有效，⼩孩⼦应该不应该看⼴告。
等等～～ 回忆5： 福建师⼤ 211 ⽩⼈中年考官，和蔼可亲！part 1，flat vs house.move to other places？name and mening plus sth related.part 2，seaside place.ship tirp differences between now and years ago.who will like seadide trip better（adults or children）and sth like that. 回忆6： 西安交⼤ r09 p1：学⽣or在职什么科⽬对你来说最难？以后最不想从事什么职业？p2：描述助⼈为乐的⼀件事。
2013年专八试卷真题、详细解析
专业英语八级真题2013年There are differences between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:Ⅰ. reading with purposeA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1)Ⅱ. (2) and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.-connections between the known and the new information-identification of (3) concepts-judgment on the value of (4)Ⅲ. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (5)B. before note-taking: listening and thinkingⅣ. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6)B. reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesⅤ. be ing able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7)Ⅵ. last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility-active learners: accept-passive learners: (8)B. attitude toward (9)-active learners: evaluate and change behaviour-passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.SECTION B1、 According to the interviewer, which of the following best indicatesthe relationship between choice and mobility?A. Better education → more choices → greater mobility.B. Better education → greater mobility → mo re choices.C. Greater mobility → better education → more choices.D. Greater mobility → more choices → better education.2、 According to the interview, which of the following details about the first poll is INCORRECT?A. Job security came second according to the poll results.B. Chances for advancement might have been favoured by young people.C. High income failed to come on top for being most important.D. Shorter work hours was least chosen for being most important.3、 According to the interviewee, which is the main difference between the first and the second poll?A. The type of respondents who were invited.B. The way in which the questions were designed.C. The content area of the questions.D. The number of poll questions.4、 What can we learn from the respondents' answers to items 2, 4 and 7in the second poll?A. Recognition from colleagues should be given less importance.B. Workers are always willing and ready to learn more new skills.C. Work will have to be made interesting to raise efficiency.D. Psychological reward is more important than material one.5、 According to the interviewee, which of the following can offer both psychological and monetary benefits?A. Contact with many people.B. Appreciation from coworkers.C. Chances for advancement.D. Chances to learn new skills. SECTION C6、 According to the news item, "sleep boxes" are designed to solve the problems of A. airports. B. passengers. C. architects. D. companies.7、Which of the following is NOT true with reference to the news?A. Renters can take a shower inside the box.B. Renters of normal height can stand up inside.C. Bedding can be automatically changed.D. Sleep boxes can be rented for different lengths of time.8、 What is the news item mainly about?A. London's preparations for the Nothing Hill Carnival.B. Main features of the Nothing Hill Carnival.C. Police's preventive measures for the carnival.D. Police participation in the carnival.9、 The news item reports on a research finding aboutA.early malnutrition and heart health.B.the Dutch famine and the Dutch women.C.the causes of death during the famine.D.nutrition in childhood and adolescence.10、 When did the research team carry out the study?A. At the end of World War Ⅱ.B. Between 1944 and 1945.C. In the 1950s.D. In 2007.TEXT AThree hundred years ago news traveled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printednews," noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news businessis unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general intheir tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is buck. Enjoy it.11、 According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?A. The emergence of big mass media firms.B.The popularity of radio and television.C. The increasing number of newspaper readers.D. The appearance of advertising in newspapers.12、 Which of the following statements best supports "Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house"?A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009.B. People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.C. More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.D. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.13、 According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology? A. Challenging the traditional media.B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.C. Providing people with access to classified files.D. Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.14、 The author's tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism isA. doubtful and reserved.B. supportive and skeptical.C. optimistic and cautious.D. ambiguous and cautious.15、 In "The coffee house is buck", coffee house best symbolizesA. the participatory nature of news.B. the more varied sources of news.C. the changing characteristics of news audience.D. the more diversified means of news distribution.TEXT BParis is like pornography. You respond even if you don't want to. You turn a corner and see a vista, and your imagination bolts away. Suddenly you are thinking about what it would be like to live in Paris, and then you think about all the lives you have not lived. Sometimes, though, when you are lucky, you only think about how many pleasures the day ahead holds. Then, you feel privileged.The lobby of the hotel is decorated in red and gold. It gives off awhiff of 19th-century decadence. Probably as much as any hotel in Paris, this hotel is sexy. I was standing facing the revolving doors and the driveway beyond. A car with a woman in the back seat - a woman in ashort skirt and black-leather jacket - pulled up before the hotel door. She swung off and she was wearing high heels. Normally, my mind wouldhave leaped and imagined a story for this woman. Now it didn't. I stood there and told myself: Cheer up. You're in Paris.In many ways, Paris is best visited in winter. The tourist crowds are at a minimum, and one is not being jammed off the narrow sidewalks along the Rue Dauphine. More than this, Paris is like many other European cities in that the season of blockbuster cultural events tends to begin in midto late fall and so, by the time of winter, most of the cultural treasures of the city are laid out to be admired.The other great reason why Paris in winter is so much better than Paris in spring and fall is that after the end of the August holidays and the return of chic Parisian women to their city, the restaurant-opening season truly begins hopping. By winter, many of the new restaurants have worked out their kinks (不足; 困难) and, once the hype has died down, it is possible to see which restaurants are actually good and which are merely noisy and crowded.Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being, Lincoln said. In Paris it doesn't take much to be happy. Outside the hotel, the sky was pale and felt very high up. I walked the few blocks to the Seine and began running along the blue-green river toward the Eiffel Tower. The tower in the distance was black, and felt strange and beautiful the way that many things built for the joy of building do. As I ran toward it, because of its lattice structure, the tower seemed obviously delicate. Seeing it, I felt a sense of protectiveness.I think it was this moment of protectiveness that marked the change in my mood and my slowly becoming thrilled with being in Paris.During winter evenings, Paris's streetlamps have a halo and resemble dandelions. In winter, when one leaves the Paris street and enters a cafe or restaurant, the light and temperature change suddenly and dramatically, and there is the sense of having discovered something secret. In winter, because the days are short, there is an urgency to the choices one makes. There is the sense that life is short and so let us decide on what matters.16、 According to the passage, once in Paris one might experience all the following feelings EXCEPTA. regret.B. condescension.C. expectation.D. impulse.17、 Winter is the best season to visit Paris. Which of the following does NOT support this statement?A. Fashionable Parisian women return to Paris.B. There are more good restaurants to choose from.C. More entertainment activities are staged.D. There are fewer tourists in Paris.18、 "Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being." This statement means that most peopleA. expect to be happy.B. hope to be as happy as others.C. would be happier if they want.D. can be happy if they want.19、 In the eyes of the author, winter in Paris is significant because of A. its implications for life. B. the atmosphere of its evenings.C. the contrast it brings.D. the discovery one makes.20、 At the end of the passage, the author found himself in a mood ofA. joyfulness.B. thoughtfulness.C. loneliness.D. excitement. TEXT CIf you want to know why Denmark is the world's leader in wind power, start with a three-hour car trip from the capital Copenhagen - mind the bicyclists - to the small town of Lem on the far west coast of Jutland. You'll feel it as you cross the 6.8 kin-long Great Belt Bridge: Denmark's bountiful wind, so fierce even on a calm summers day that it threatens to shove your car Into the waves below. But wind itself is only part of the reason. In Lem, workers in factories the size ofaircraft hangars build the wind turbines sold by Vestas, the Danish company that has emerged as the industry's top manufacturer around the globe. The work is both gross and fine; employees weld together massive curved sheets of steel to make central shafts as tall as a 14-story building, and assemble engine housings (机器外罩) that hold some 18,000 separate parts. Most impressive are the turbine's blades, which scoop the wind with each sweeping revolution. As smooth as an Olympic swimsuit and honed to aerodynamic perfection, each blade weighs in at 7,000 kg, and they're what help make Vestas' turbines the best in the world. "The blade is where the secret is," says Erik Therkelsen, a Vestas executive. "If we can make a turbine, it's sold."But technology, Like the wind itself, is just one more part of the reason for Denmark's dominance. In the end, it happened because Denmark had the political and public will to decide that it wanted to be a leader - and to follow through. Beginning in 1979, the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry. Copenhagen covered 30% of investment costs, and guaranteed loans for large turbine exporters such as Vestas. It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential price - thus guaranteeing investors a customer base. Energy taxes were channeled into research centres, where engineers crafted designs that would eventually produce cutting-edge giants like Vestas' 3-megawatt (MW) V90 turbine.As a result, wind turbines now dot Deunlark. The country gets more than 19% of its electricity from the breeze (Spain and Portugal, the next highest countries, get about 10%) and Danish companies control one-third of the global wind market, earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch. "They were out early in driving renewables, and that gave them the chance to be a technology leader and a job-creation leader," says Jake Schmidt, international climate policy director for the New York City-based Natural Resources Defense Council. "They have always been one or two steps ahead of others."The challenge now for Denmark is to help the rest of the world catch up. Beyond wind, the country (pop. 5.5 million) is a world leader in energy efficiency, getting more GDP per watt than any other member of the E.U. Carbon emissions are down 13.3% from 1990 levels and total energy consumption has barely moved, even as Denmark's economy continued to grow at a healthy clip. With Copenhagen set to host all- important U.N. climate change talks in December - where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol - and the global recession beginning tohit environmental plans in capitals everywhere, Denmark's examplecouldn't be more timely. "We'll try to make Demnark a showroom," says Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen. "You can reduce energy use and carbon emissions, and achieve economic growth."It's tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green, with the kindof Scandinavian good conscience that has made it such a pleasant global citizen since, oh, the whole Viking thing. But the country's policies were actually born from a different emotion, one now in common currency: fear. When the 1973 oil crisis hit, 90% of Denmark's energy came from petroleum, almost all of it imported. Buffeted by the same supply shocks that hit the rest of the developed world, Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation, to the point of introducing car-free Sundaysand asking businesses to switch off tights during closing hours. Eventually the Mideast oil started flowing again, and the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural gas in their slice of the North Sea. It was enough to make them more thanself sufficient. But unlike most other countries, Denmark never forgot the lessons of 1973, and kept driving for greater energy efficiency anda more diversified energy supply. The Danish parliament raised taxes on energy to encourage conservation and established subsidies and standards to support more efficient buildings. "It all started out without any regard for the climate or the environment," says Svend Auken, the former head of Denmark's opposition Social Democrat Party and the architect of the country's environmental policies in the 1990s. "But today there's aconsensus that we need to build renewable power."To the rest of the world, Denmark has the power of its example, showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time. "Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be a positive experience, not just painful," says NRDC's Schmidt. The real pain could come from failing to follow in their footsteps.21、 Which of the following is NOT cited as a main reason for Denmark's world leadership in wind power?A.Geographical location.ernment drive.C. Technology.D. Wind.22、 The author has detailed some of the efforts of the Danish Government in promoting the wind industry in order to showA. the country's subsidy and loan policies.B. the importance of export to the country.C.the role of taxation to the economy.D. the government's determination.23 What does the author mean by "Denmark's example couldn't be more timely"?A. Denmark's energy-saving efforts cannot be followed by other countries.B. Denmark can manufacture more wind turbines for other countries.C. Denmark's energy-saving success offers the world a useful model.D. Denmark aims to show the world that it can develop even faster.24、 According to the passage, Denmark's energy-saving policiesoriginated fromA. the country's long tradition of environmental awareness.B. the country's previous experience of oil shortage.C. the country's grave shortage of natural resources.D. the country's abundant wind resources.25、 Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?A. Not to save energy could lead to serious consequences.B. Energy saving efforts can be painful but positive.C. Energy saving cannot go together with economic growth.D. Denmark is a powerful leader in the global wind market.TEXT DThe first clue came when I got my hair cut. The stylist offered not just the usual coffee or tea but a complimentary nail-polish change while I waited for my hair to dry. Maybe she hoped this little amenity wouldslow the growing inclination of women to stretch each haircut to last four months while nursing our hair back to whatever natural color welong ago forgot.Then there was the appliance salesman who offered to carry my bags as we toured the microwave aisle. When I called my husband to ask him tocheck some specs online, the salesman offered a pre-emp- tive discount, lest the surfing turn up the same model cheaper in another store. That night, for the first time, I saw the Hyundai ad promising shoppers that if they buy a car and then lose their job in the next year, they can return it.Suddenly everything's on sale. The upside to the economic downturn is the immense incentive it gives retailers to treat you like a queen for a day. During the flush times, salespeople were surly, waiters snobby. But now the customer rules, just for showing up. There's more room tostretch out on the flight, even in a coach. The malls have that serene aura of undisturbed wilderness, with scarcely a shopper in sight. Every conversation with anyone selling anything is a pantomime of pain and bluff. Finger the scarf, then start to walk away, and its price floats silkily downward. When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and a timing belt and other services will run close to $2,000,it's time to break out the newly perfected art of the considered pause. You really don't even have to say anything pitiful before he'll offer to knock a few hundred dollars off.Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especially around Wail Street: Trinity Place offers $3 drinks at happy hour any day the market goes down, with the slogan "Market tanked? Get tanked! " -which ensures a lively crowd for the closing bell. The "21" Club has decided that men no longer need to wear ties, so long as they bringtheir wallets. Food itself is friendlier: you notice more comfort food, a truce between chef and patron that is easier to enjoy now that you can get a table practically anywhere. New York Times restaurant critic Frank Bruni characterizes the new restaurant demeanor as "extreme solicitousness tinged with outright desperation." "You need to hug the customer," one owner told him.There's a chance that eventually we'll return all this kindness with the extravagant spending that was once decried but now everyone is hoping will restart the economy. But human nature is funny that way. In dangerous times, we clench and squint at the deal that looks too good to miss, suspecting that it must be too good to be true. Is the store with the super cheap flat screens going to go bust and thus not be there to hour the "free" extended warranty? Is there something wrong with that free cheese? Store owners will tell you horror stories about shoppers with attitude, who walk in demanding discounts and flaunt their new power at every turn. These store owners wince as they sense bad habits forming: Will people expect dis- counts forever? Will their hard-won brand luster be forever cheapened, especially for items whose alluredepends on their being ridiculously priced?There will surely come a day when things go back to "normal"; retail sales even inched up in January after sinking for the previous six months. But I wonder what it will take for us to see those $545 Sigerson Morrison studded toe-ring sandals as reasonable? Bargain-hunting can be addictive regardless of the state of the markets, and haggling is a low-risk, high-value contact sport. Trauma digs deep into habit, like my 85- year-old mother still calling her canned-goods cabinet "the bomb shelter." The children of the First Depression were saving string and preaching sacrifice long after the skies cleared. They came to be called the "greatest generation." As we learn to be decent stewards of our resources, who knows what might come of it? We have lived in an age of wanton waste, and there is value in practicing conservation that goesfar beyond our own bottom line.26、According to the passage, what does "the first clue" suggest?A. Women tend to have their hair cut less frequently.B. Shops, large or small, are offering big discounts.C. Shops try all kinds of means to please customers.D. Customers refrain from buying things impulsively.27、 Which of the following best depicts the retailers now?A. Over-friendlyB. Bad-tempered.C.Highly motivatedD.Deeply frustrated.28、 What does the author mean by "the newly perfected art of the considered pause"?A.Customers now rush to buy things on sale.B. Customers have learned how to bargain.C. Customers have higher demands for service.D. Customers have got a sense of superiority.29、 According to the passage, "shoppers... flaunt their new power at every turn" means that shoppers wouldA. like to show that they are powerful.B. keep asking for more discounts.C. like to show off their wealth.D. have more doubts or suspicion.30、 What is the author's main message in the last two paragraphs?A. The practice of frugality is of great importance.B. Extravagant spending would boost economic growth.C. One's life experience would turn into lifelong habits.D. Customers should expect discounts for luxury goods.31、 The full official name of Australia isA. The Republic of Australia.B. The Union of Australia.B.The Federation of Australia. D. The Commonwealth of Australia.32、 Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPTA. its mineral resources.B. its heavy industries.C. its forest resources.D. its fertile and arable land.33、 In the United States community colleges offerA. two-year programs.B. four-year programs.C. postgraduate studies.D. Ｂ．Ａ．or Ｂ.Ｓ.degrees.34、 In ______, reference in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottishparliament and a Wales assembly. A. 2000 B.1946 C. 1990 D. 199735、 Which of the following clusters of words is an example ofalliteration?A. A weak seat.B. Knock and kick.C. Safe and sound.D. Coat and boat.36、 Who wrote Mrs. Warren's Profession?A.George Bernard Shaw.B.William Butler Yeats.C.John Galsworthy.D. T.S. Eliot.37、 Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n)A. autobiography.B. short story.C. poem.D. novel.38、 Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme?A. Unlock.B. Government.C. Goes.D. Off-stage.39、 ______ is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what theyrefer to.A. Collocation B. Onomatopoeia C. Denotation D. Assimilation40、 The sentence "Close your book and listen to me carefully!" performsa(n) ______ function.A. interrogativeB. informativeC. performativeD. directivePART Ⅳ PROOFREADDING & ERROR CORRECTIONPsycholinguistics is the name given to the study of the psychologicalprocess involved in language. Psycholinguists study understanding,production, and remembering language, and hence are concerned with(1) listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually(2) happens so effortlessly, and, most of time, so accurately.(3) Indeed, when you listen to someone speaking, or looking at thispage, (4) you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only inexceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced(6) their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if(7) we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; orif we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meetanyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples(8) of what might be called "language in exceptional circumstances"reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,(9) listening, writing, and reading. But given that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful。
2013年雅思考试大作文题库及部分解析(全)
2013年雅思考试大作文题库(全)2013.01.05A 类Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?G类Some people believe children should do what their parents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinking themselves. Discuss both and give your opinion.2013.01.10A 类It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12A 类In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19A 类In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02A 类Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.G 类Lifestyles and culture in many countries is becoming similar, what's your opinion, positive or negative?2013.02.14A类Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16A类Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23A类Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02A类Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09A 类Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14A 类It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ? 2013.03.23G 类Nowadays, many children are not as fit and healthy as children used to be in the past. What are the causes? How could it be solved?A 类Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06A 类100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13A 类As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18A 类Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other peoplethink that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on peopl e’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2013.06.08Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence.2013年6月15日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曾桂兰Task 1Task 22013年6月22日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王华Task1Task22013年7月6日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曹美玲Task 1类别Bar chart题目The graph below gives information about households waste ina country from 2000 to 2007.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.题目翻译该图显示了某一国家2000年至2007年家庭垃圾的状况。
【雅思】2013年8月17日雅思口语考题回顾
雅思考试口语考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心王静
考试日期：
2013年8月17日
Part 1考题总结
考题总结：
Personal information & Introduction
What’s your name?
Are you a student?
What is your major?
If you can redesign your home, what would you do?
Are there any fitness facilities near your home?
How often do visitors visit your home?
What historical places would you recommend to see there?
What do you want to do after graduation?
Do you need any special facilities in your school subjects?
What do you like most about your school?
Which language do you speak?
What is your place like?
Which room do you like most?
Where do young people usually live?
What are the differences between house and flat?
What do you think the living place will be like in the future?
2013年雅思考试大作文题库及部分解析(全)
2013年雅思考试大作文题库(全)2013.01.05A 类Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?G类Some people believe children should do what their parents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinking themselves. Discuss both and give your opinion.2013.01.10A 类It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12A 类In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19A 类In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02A 类Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.G 类Lifestyles and culture in many countries is becoming similar, what's your opinion, positive or negative?2013.02.14A类Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16A类Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23A类Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02A类Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09A 类Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14A 类It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ? 2013.03.23G 类Nowadays, many children are not as fit and healthy as children used to be in the past. What are the causes? How could it be solved?A 类Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06A 类100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13A 类As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18A 类Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other peoplethink that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on peopl e’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2013.06.08Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence.2013年6月15日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曾桂兰Task 1Task 22013年6月22日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王华Task1Task22013年7月6日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曹美玲Task 1类别Bar chart题目The graph below gives information about households waste ina country from 2000 to 2007.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.题目翻译该图显示了某一国家2000年至2007年家庭垃圾的状况。
雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思A类阅读考题回顾（第二季度）Passage 2 资料考证来源于维基百科 After repairs, she plied for several years as a passenger liner between Britain and America, before being converted to a cable-laying ship and la ying the first lasting”Brunel worked for several years as assistant engineer on the project to create a tunnel under London's River Thames 题目配对 tunnel under river Thames -- which Brune was not responsible for itThough ultimately unsuccessful, another of Brunel's interesting use of technical innovations was the atmospheric railway 配对建成不久就停止运营那项吧Great Eastern was designed to cruise non-stop from London to Sydney and back (since engineers of the time misunderstood that Australia had no coal reserves), and she remained the largest ship built until the turnof the century. Like many of Brunel's ambitious projects, the ship soon ran over budget and behind schedulein the face of a series of technical probl我配了两个财务上不成功和建设推迟了很对次配对great eastern ems.Great Britain is considered the first modern ship, being built of metal rather than wood, powered by an engine rather than wind or oars, and driven by propeller rather than paddle wheel. 配对成为广泛认可的标准忘了这个是不是第一题的段落包含信息题了其他记不住了有个火车站什么的配对 Brunel 影响了反对者这个乱配的Passage 3According to science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein, a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method尮Vladimir Nabokov argued that if we were rigorous with our definitions, Shakespeare's pla The Tempest would have to be termed science fiction.yY/N/NG 第一题就纠结了题目是科幻小说很难下定义文中不是两种观点都有么但是自己答的 YThe Moon Is a Harsh Mistress is a 1966 science fiction novel by Ame然后信息配对有一道是rican writer Robert A. Heinlein, about a lunar colony's revolt against rule from Earth.这门书貌似是配对它成功预测了人类登月Passage 1 Ambergris (旧题)Classification(6), Y/N/NG(4), summary(3)难度★☆难度★☆Passage 2Multiple choice(2 of 5), Summary(4), Headings(7)非洲小国的贫困难度★★placebo对医学的影响Matching, choices, T/F/NG Passage 3雅思阅读真题题源号《九分达人》迷失的城CAMEL allows archaeologists to survey ancient cities without digging in the dirt, disturbing sitesLike a dromedary that can travela long distance without taking a Overlying aerial photographs show the ancient city walldrink of water, the Oriental at Kerkenes Dag in Turkey.Institute's CAMEL computerproject can traverse vast distances of ancient and modern space without pausing for the usual refreshment known best by archaeologists—digging in the soil.CAMEL (the Center for Ancient Middle Eastern Landscapes) is at the leading edge of archaeology because of what it does not do and what it can do. First, it does not actually excavate. For a science based on the destructive removal of buried artifacts and an examination of them for meaning, CAMEL works in quite the opposite way: it aims to survey ancient sites and disturb them as little as possible.What CAMEL can do however, is remarkable. It organizes maps, aerial photography, satellite images and other data into one place, allowing archaeologists to see how ancient trade routes developed and to prepare simulations of how people may have interacted, given the limitations of their space, the availability of resources and the organization of their cities.CAMEL provides the wonderful opportunity “to see beyond the horizon,”said Scott Branting, Director of the project.Branting oversees the CAMEL project from a second-floor computer lab at the Oriental Institute. As he walks around, he shows off the dozen PCs that form the nucleus of the project, which invites faculty and students to pore through electronic images from throughout the Middle East. “;“The Near Eastern area is defined for the purposes of our collections as an enormous box stretching from Greece on the west to Afghanistan on the east, from the middle of the Black Sea on the north to the horn of Africa on the south,” he said as he turned on a computer to summon an image from the area.Up popped an aerial surveillance photograph taken for defense purposes during the Cold War. The image showed mounds on the surface of the steppe regions of modern Iraq, sites that are among the hundreds unexplored there that are potentially valuable sites for future excavation when archaeologists can safely return.“Because these images are images from the 1950s and 1960s, they show a terrain much different from what exists today,” he explained. Fields have covered much of the formally barren areas of the Middle East as irrigation has expanded farming. Sites that show up as mounds in photographs may today be leveled and hard to recognize. Some of the ancient material they contain,however, is still buried deep below the surface.Besides the aerial surveillance photographs, the collection includes some photographs taken by small planes in the early days of aerial photography. James Henry Breasted, founder of the Oriental Institute, was an early pioneer in the field and began taking photographs from a plane over sites in Egypt in 1920. Some of his early shots are a bit shaky, though, as he also experienced air sickness during that path-breaking effort.When the Oriental Institute launched an excavation in the 1930s at Persepolis in Iran, the art of aerial photography had progressed greatly, and stunning pictures of the ancient Persian capital helped demonstrate the scope of the city in a way nothing else could. Some of those photographs are on the walls of the Persian Gallery of the Museum of the Oriental Institute, and others are part of the CAMEL database.Oriental Institute scholars also used balloons rigged with cameras to catch overall shots of excavation sites.In addition to the aerial photographs, the collection also includes shots taken by NASA, Digital Globe and other organizations from satellites. Branting is in Turkey this summer working on a site that shows the value of nondestructive techniques such as those developed at CAMEL. He has been studying the ancient and mysterious city of Kerkenes Dag in central Turkey.The city, surrounded by a wall, is a square mile, huge by ancient standards,and is the largest preclassical site in Anatolia, the name for the ancient region that now includes Turkey. The city is about 30 miles from Hattusa, the capital of the ancient Hittite Empire.Although the city was an Iron Age site and was planned and built by powerful leaders capable of controlling a large work force, it is uncertain who held that power. Early scholars had speculated it may have been a rival to the Hittites, but a research team from the Oriental Institute established in 1928 that the city was built sometime after the fall of the Hittites in about 1180 .Geoffrey Summers of the Middle East Technical University in Ankara directed a new dig at the site beginning in 1993. Branting joined the project in 1995 as an Oriental Institute graduate student. Researchers from the Middle East Technical University and the Oriental Institute then joined efforts to work on the project together.have Dag, archaeologists work at Kerkenes From the beginning of the latest trench Random about the site. more used nondestructive techniques to learn was recovered than much more information work would probably not turn up in the 1928 Oriental Institute excavation, scholars have contended. ervational and remote sensing techniques “By employing a range of obsblank the fill in to city, we have been able across the entire area of thesaid. Branting Oriental Institute,” earlier map made by the spaces on anThe work, which includes the techniques used at CAMEL to map accurately a site with photographs, provided archaeologists a chance to work with season another began. Currently, of precision once digging a high degree of excavation is underway.proved this has surface at Kerkenes Dag, “Since so much can be seen ontheto be a very effective technique,” Branting said.Global Positioning System technology has allowed scholars to record the minute topography of the entire ground surface within the site. “Never grand such a been undertaken on before in archaeology has this technique virtual a work to produce model is the basis for ongoing scale. The terrain building neighborhood, neighborhood by the reconstruction of entire city, by building,” he said.By using the techniques, the team was able to locate the gateway of the palace complex and find the first fragmentary inscriptions and reliefs to be recovered at the site. They have been able to date the site to the mid- to late-seventh century through the mid-sixth century . Scholars believe the city may have been one referred to by Herodotus as effort a failed Lydian King Croesus in which Pteria, was conquered by the to block the advance of the Persian Empire.even can true, then we of Kerkenes Dag with Pteria holds equation “If themore precisely date the massive destruction of the city to around 547 . and begin to understand something of its international importance,”Branting said Dematerialization消费-----雅思阅读真题题源号《九分达人》Until recently the role of consumption as a driving force forenvironmental change has not been widely explored. This may be due in part to the difficulty of collecting suitable data. The present chapter approaches the consumption of materials from the perspective of the forces for materialization or dematerialization of industrial products beyond the underlying and obviously very powerful forces of economic and population growth. Examination can occur on both the unit and the aggregate level of materials consumption. Such study may make it possible to assess current streams of materials use and, based on environmental implications, may suggest directions for future materials policy. dematerialization is often broadly used to characterize the The word decline over time in weight of the materials used in industrial end products. One may also speak of dematerialization in terms of the decline in “embedded energy” in industrial products. Colombo (1988) has speculated that dematerialization is the logical outcome of an advanced economy in which material needs are substantially Williams et al. (1987) have explored relationships between materials use and affluence in the United States. Perhaps we should first ask the question: Is dematerialization taking place? The answer depends, above all, on how dematerialization is defined. The question is particularly of interest from an environmental point of view, because the use of less material could translate into smaller quantities of waste generated at both the production and the consumption phases of the economic process.But less is not necessarily less from an environmental point of view. Ifsmaller and lighter products are also inferior in quality, then more units would be produced, and the net result could be a greater amount of waste generated in both production and consumption. From an environmental viewpoint, therefore, (de)materialization should perhaps be defined as the change in the amount of waste generated per unit of industrial products.On the basis of such a definition, and taking into account overall production and consumption, we have attempted to examine the question of whether dematerialization is occurring. Our goal is not to answer definitively the question whether society is dematerializing but rather to establish a framework for analysis to address this overall question and to indicate some of the interesting and useful directions for study. We have examined a number of examples even though the data are not complete.Undoubtedly, many industrial products have become lighter and smaller with time. Cars, dwelling units, television sets, clothes pressing irons, and calculators are but a few examples. There is, of course, usually a lower bound regarding how small objects such as appliances can be made and still be compatible with the physical dimensions and limitations of human beings (who are themselves becoming larger), as well as with the Apart from such boundary conditions on size and possibly tasks to be weight of many industrial product units, dematerialization of units of products is perceived to be occurring.An important question is how far one could drive dematerialization. For example, for the automobile, how is real world safety related to its mass? In a recent study, Evans (1985) found that, given a single-car crash, the unbelted driver of a car weighing about 2,000 pounds is about times as likely to be killed as is the unbelted driver of an approximately4,000-pound car. The relative disadvantage of the smaller car is essentially the same when the corresponding comparison is made for belted drivers. For two-car crashes it was found that the driver of a 2,000-pound car crashing into another 2,000-pound car is about times as likely to be injured seriously or fatally as is the driver of a 4,000-pound car crashing into another 4,000-pound car. These results suggest one of the reasons that dematerialization by itself will not be a sufficient criterion for social choice about product design. If the product cannot be practically or safely reduced beyond a certain point, can the service provided by the product be provided in a way that demands less material? lb return to the case of transportation, substituting telecommunications for transportation might be a dematerializer, but we have no data on the relative materials demand for the communications infrastructure versus the transportation infrastructure to meet a given need. In any case, demands for communication and transportation appear to increase in tandem,as complementary goods rather than as substitutes for one another.It is interesting to inquire into dematerialization in the world of miniaturization, not only the world of large objects. In the computer industry, for example, silicon wafers are increasing in size to reduce material losses in cutting. This is understandable if one considers that approximately 400 acres of silicon wafer material are used per year by IBM Corporation at a cost of about $100 million per acre. A processed wafer costs approximately $800, and the increase in total wafer area per year is about 10-15 percent. Although silicon wafers do not present a waste disposal problem from the point of view of volume, they are environmentally important because their manufacture involves the handling of hazardous chemicals. They are also interesting as an example of how the production volume of an aggressive new technology tends to grow because of popularity in the market. Moreover, many rather large plastic and metal boxes are required to enclose and keep cool the microchips made with the wafers, even as the world's entire annual chip production might compactly fit inside one 747 jumbo jet. Thus, such new industries may tend to be simultaneously both friends and foes of dematerialization.The production of smaller and lighter toasters, irons, television sets, and other devices in some instances may result in lower-quality products and an increased consumer attitude to ”replace rather than repair.” In Althoughincreased. have may produced units of number the instances, these dematerialization may be the case on a per-unit basis, the increasing number of units produced can cause an overall trend toward materialization with time. As an example, the apparent consumption of shoes, which seem increasingly difficult to repair, has risen markedly in the United States since the 1970s, with about billion pairs of nonrubber shoes purchased in 1985, compared with 730 million pairs as recently as 1981 (Table 1). In contrast, improvements in quality generally result in dematerialization, as has been the case for tires. The total tire production in the United States has risen over time (Figure 1), following from general increases in both the number of registered vehicles and the total miles of travel. However, the number of tires per million vehicle miles of travel has declined (Figure 2). Such a decline in tire wear can be attributed to improved tire quality, which results directly in a decrease in the quantity of solid waste due to discarded tires. For example,a tire designed to have a service life of 100,000 miles could reduce solid waste from tires by 60-75 percent (Westerman, 1978). Other effective tire waste reduction strategies include tire retreading and recycling, as well as the use of discarded tires as vulcanized rubber particles in roadway asphalt mixes.Dematerialization of unit products affects, and is influenced by, a numberof factors besides product quality. These include ease of manufacturing, production cost, size and complexity of the product, whether the product is to be repaired or replaced, and the amount of waste to be generated and processed. These factors influence one another as well (Figure 3). For example, the ease of manufacture of a particular product in smaller and lighter units may result in lower production cost and cheaper products of lower quality, which will be replaced rather than repaired on breaking down. Although a smaller amount of waste will be generated on a per-unit basis, more units will be produced and disposed of, and there may be an overall increase in waste generation at both the production and the consumption ends.Another factor of interest on the production end is scale. One would expect so-called economies of scale in production to lead to a set of facilities that embody less material for a given output. Does having fewer, larger plants in fact involve significantly less use of material (or space) than having more, smaller ones? At the level of the individual product, the shift from mainframe computers to personal computers, driven by desires for local independence and convenience, may also be in the direction of materialization.Among socioeconomic factors influencing society's demand for Mate- are the nature of various activities, composition of the work force, and income levels. For example, as a predominantly agricultural society evolves toward industrialization, demand for materials increases, whereas the transition from an industrial to a service society might bring about a decline in the use of materials. Within a given culture, to what extent are materials use and waste generation increasing functions of income?The spatial dispersion of population is a potential materializer. Migration from urban to suburban areas, often driven by affluence, requires more roads, more single-unit dwellings, and more automobiles with a consequent significant expansion in the use of materials. The movement from large, extended families sharing one dwelling to smaller, nuclear families may be regarded as a materializer if every household unit occupies a separate dwelling. Factors such as photocopying, photography, advertising, poor quality, high cost of repair, and wealth generally force materialization. Technological innovation, especially product innovation, may also tend to force materialization, at least in the short run. For example, microwave ovens, which are smaller than old-fashioned ovens, have now been acquired by most American households. However, they have come largely as an addition to, not a substitute for, previous cooking appliances. In the long term, if microwave ovens truly replace older ovens,this innovation may come to be regarded as a dematerializer. National security and war, styles and fashions, and fads may also function asmaterializers by accelerating production and consumption. Demand for health and fitness, local mobility, and travel may spur materialization in other ways.The societal driving forces behind dematerialization are, at best, diverse and contradictory. However, the result may indeed be a clear trend in materialization or dematerialization. This could be determined only through collection and analysis of data on the use of basic materials with time, particularly for industry and especially for products with the greatest materials demand. Basic materials such as metals and alloys ., steel, copper, aluminum), cement, sand, gravel, wood, paper, glass, ceramics, and rubber are among the materials that should be considered. The major products and associated industries that would be interesting to study could well include roads, buildings, automobiles, appliances, pipes (metal, clay, plastic), wires, clothing, newsprint and books, packaging materials, pottery, canned food, and bottled or canned drinks.11/09/2010Academic Reading Y /N /NG和summary★☆恐龙的脚印Passage 1难度电子书和数字音乐9个list of heading，剩下是TFNG难度★★☆Passage 2道 summary3 6道，TFNG 5道和天文物理段落配信息难度 Passage 3★★☆Comment 难，HEADINGS出了9道题，段落配信息6个。
雅思阅读真题：2012年8月11日阅读考试
雅思阅读真题：2012年8月11日阅读考试
考生1回忆：
P1 厄尔尼诺
P2 汽车的发展
P3 amusia失乐症的介绍
考生2回忆：
第一篇是将厄尔尼诺现象，简单;
第二篇将汽车发展史，居然有很多问答题，奇迹;
第三篇将一种对音乐有先天疾病的人群 amusia , 注意的是最后有个matching 要到文章前面去找，因为上一题已经到了文章尾部，所以我开始纠结在后面，导致浪费时间
考生3回忆：
第一篇：厄尔尼诺现象Y/N/NG题和summary
第二篇：汽车发展matching和选择题
第三篇：音乐盲，选择题，Y/N/NG。
考生4回忆：
r1:厄尔尼诺现象,
r2eaf to music,
r3:the motor car。
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因为每段都会有答案，因此现在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在选出信息后，要Biblioteka 选出的段落上做上记号，以免浪费时间。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑7 Test 1 Passage 1
剑7 Test 3 Passage 1
Reading Passage 2
Title:
美国三个地方的图书馆介绍
2.完全乱序
由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺序出题的。
3.部分题目存在重复选项
在雅思阅读中，段落细节配对题以两种形式出现，一种是每个选项只能用一次，另外一种题型，在Instruction的最后一句往往有这样的提示：
NB You may use any letter more than once.
如果出现这样的提示，则说明某些段落可以重复选用。剑桥真题集中的真题以及笔者、考生的实际考试经历证明，这种指令往往意味着有且仅有一个选项可以使用两次。
4.从题量上来看，存在着以下两种可能：
1)题量=段落数+1（肯定带NB）
2)题量小于段落数两个以上
由于每个选项只能重复使用一次，因此第一种题型就意味着每个段落都会有至少一个答案，而第二种题型则不能保证每段都有。
题型难度分析
本次阅读考试总体难度中等偏上，三篇文章都出现了段落细节配对题，这种题型是无序的细节题，需要考生在全篇文章中浏览寻找信息。对于水平较好的考生，可以以较快的速度浏览文章，但是对于大部分考生来说如果要看完全文可能来不及。建议考生可以通过理解段落主题句，理清文章脉络，再把信息搭配到适合的段落中。
旧金山一直没钱建图书馆，所以他们建图书馆很慢，花了很久的时间。这反而是一件好事，因为缓慢的建造过程帮助他们躲过了一次地震。
芝加哥的图书馆的设计比较保守。
答案分析：
Summary填空题有个空是填纽约图书馆的造价，应该填9 million。
相关英文原文阅读
In the aftermath of the 1871 Great Chicago Fire, Londoner A.H. Burgess, with the aid of Thomas Hughes, drew up what would be called the "English Book Donation," which proposed that England should provide a free library to the burnt-out city. The Chicago Public Library was created directly from the ashes of the great Chicago Fire. Burgess wrote on December 7, 1871 in the London Daily News that "I propose that England should present a Free Library to Chicago, to remain there as a mark of sympathy now, and a keepsake and a token of true brotherly kindness forever..."[3]
题量=段落数+1,且带NB的题型：
前面讲过，由于段落细节配对题的出题特点，这种题型往往暗示了每段都会有至少一个答案，那么这种题目适合用“通篇浏览”的方法来做。具体步骤如下：
1.阅读所有题目，划出关键词
关键词就是能最大限度上概括整个句子的单词或短语，第一步划出关键词，在短时间内将所有的题目进行高度的浓缩，符合人类短期记忆的规律。
Cyberplasm
We are collaborating with investigators at The University of California, The University of Alabama and Newcastle University to apply principles of synthetic biology to the integration of a hybridmicrobot. The aim of this research is to constructCyberplasm, a micro-scale robot integrating microelectronics with cells in which sensor and actuator genes have been inserted and expressed. This will be accomplished using a combination of cellular device integration, advanced microelectronics andbiomimicry; an approach that mimics animal models; in the latter we will imitate some of the behavior of the marine animal the sea lamprey. Synthetic muscle will generateundulatorymovements to propel the robot through the water. Synthetic sensors derived from yeast cells will be reporting signals from the immediate environment. These signals will be processed by an electronic nervous system. The electronic brain will, in turn, generate signals to drive the muscle cells that will use glucose for energy. All electronic components will be powered by a microbial fuel cell integrated into the robot body.
Question types:
Which paragraph contains the following information;
Summary Completion;
文章内容回顾
美国三个地方的图书馆，纽约、旧金山和芝加哥的图书馆。
纽约的图书馆是当时一个人出资400,000建设的，但是地和建造的钱是政府出的。
【雅思】
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心张晓予
考试日期：
2013年8月17日
Reading Passage 1
Title:
仿生机器人，仿壁虎脚掌sticky toes的动态材料
Question types:
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN;
Which paragraph contains the following information;
This research aims to harness the power of synthetic biology at the cellular level by integrating specific gene parts into bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells to carry out device like functions. Moreover this approach will allow the cells/bacteria to be simplified so that the input/output (I/O)requirements of device integration can be addressed. In particular we plan to use visual receptors to couple electronics to both sensation and actuation through light signals. In addition synthetic biology will be carried out at the systems level by interfacing multiple cellular /bacterial devices together, connecting to an electronic brain and in effect creating a multi-cellularbiohybridmicro-robot. Motile function will be achieved by engineering muscle cells to have the minimal cellular machinery required for excitation/contraction coupling and contractile function. The muscle will be powered by mitochondrial conversion of glucose to ATP, an energetic currency in biological cells, hence combining power generation with actuation.
5.永远是第一个题型
不管在A类考试还是G类的考试中，这种题目永远是出现在第一个题型，而且这种题型与段落标题配对题型List of headings属于“相克题型”，即这两者不可能同时出现。
6.有部分题目与其后的题目有关联
由于这种题型一般都是跨全文出的，因此跟后面的题目不可避免地出现交叉，因此有可能根据后面的题目来推断出细节所在的位置。