英语2010级英语词汇学练习题(生)

2010年07月试卷

2010年7月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always ______.( )A. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically______ and have limited______ .( )A. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and______.( )A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly______ language just like modern German.( )A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the______ invaded England in 1066.( )A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable______ and______ of its vocabulary.( )A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicityC. naturalness, simplicityD. naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into ______ morphemes and ______morphemes.( )10059# 英语词汇学试题第1页（共6页）A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, bound8. A______ is the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.( )A. rootB. stemC. lexemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either ______or______ .( )A. Latin, FrenchB. Greek, ScandinavianC. Latin, GreekD. French, Greek10. The chief function of suffixation is to______ .( )A. change the word-classB. change the meaning of the stemC. change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11. Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or ______affixes to stems.( )A. derivationalB. inflectionalC. boundD. locative12. Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of______.( )A. prefixationB. compoundingC. clippingD. suffixation13. Associative meaning comprises several types except______.( )A. connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC. affective meaningD. lexical meaning14. “Much” and “many” have the sam e______.( )A. conceptB. motivationC. collocationD. sense15. ______ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. AssociativeD. Grammatical10059# 英语词汇学试题第2页（共6页）16.______ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. PolysemyB. HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas:______ .( )A. elevation, connotation, applicationB. connotation, elevation, degradationC. connotation, denotation, applicationD. amelioration, deterioration, denotation18. A______ term is general and a/an______ term is specific.( )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19.______ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20. If a word which used to have a more______ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specificB. pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21. Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______names due to ______ reasons.( )A. appealing, economicB. vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non-affecting, psychological22. Ambiguity is caused mainly by______ context.( )A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23. ______ and______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymyB. Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words10059# 英语词汇学试题第3页（共6页）24. Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the ______ context, and in many cases by the whole______ as well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25. Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four26. Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes______.( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulationD. figures of speech27. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the ______relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28.Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of______.( )A. pronunciationB. fieldsC. spellingD. usage29.______is a monolingual dictionary.( )A. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese TranslationB. New English-Chinese DictionaryC. Chinese-English DictionaryD. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30. Both LDCE and CCELD are ______.( )A. monolingual dictionariesB. general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and B10059# 英语词汇学试题第4页（共6页）III. Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41. Stylistics is concerned with the user’s ______ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects.42. Of all the borrowed words in English, about ______are from French.43. Free morphemes and free ______are identical.44. It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with it the different range of ______that it originally carried.45. Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to______ meaning.IV. Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)Example: disobey (affixation)46. honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. dorm ( ) 49. AIDS ( )50. edit ( )V. Answer the following questions.(10%)51. How are words classified?52. According to the functions of affixes, how many groups can you put them into? What are their characteristics?10059# 英语词汇学试题第5页（共6页）53. What is the difference between partial conversion and full conversion?54. What are the characteristics of connotative meaning?55. What are causes of ambiguity?VI. Analyze and comment on the following sentences. (10%)56.It is not a home. It is a house.Comment on the two sentences above, and analyze the grammatical meaning, conceptual meaning and connotative meaning of home and of house.10059# 英语词汇学试题第6页（共6页）。

英语词汇学英语词汇学习题1及答案

试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to thecourse book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing（） D.Swedish25.linguistic（） prehend/understand26.ambiguity（） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversative prefix38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）。

(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案

试题三第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16._________________ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________ has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) typesof word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。

英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)

《英语词汇学》课程习题集一、单选题1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?A. ig-B. ir-C. il-D. im-5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?A. booksB. pigsC. horsesD. expense6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists8. Most English words are _________ symbols.A. definiteB. arbitraryC. infiniteD. hereditary9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words.A. nationalismB. anthropologyC. linguisticsD. motivation10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words.A. onomatopoeicB. similarC. naturalD. symbolic11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym15.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym16. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix17. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix18. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix19. Any root or stem can be termed as a _______.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix20.A _______ is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix21. The wo rd “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of semantic change called _____.A. elevationB. degenerationC. extensionD. restriction22.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation23.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation24.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation25.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation26. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD27. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD28. The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is known as _________.A. Ancient EnglishB. Primordial EnglishC. Contemporary EnglishD. Middle English29. The English language from 1500 AD to the present is called ________ .A. Ancient EnglishB. Old EnglishC. Middle EnglishD. Modern English30. Which of the following is not a phase in the development of the English language?A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Contemporary English31.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words32. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words33. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words34. The word “base” meaning “the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words35. The word “son” meaning “one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words36. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy37. When many pairs or groups of words which are different in meaning are pronounced alike or spelled alike, or both, such words belong to the words of ________.A. antonymyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. polysemy38.When words are identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called ________ .A. homophonesB. homographsC.homoformsD. homogenes39. ________ is the most common cause of homophones.A. semantic divergenceB. phonetic convergenceC. shorteningD. foreign influence40. When words are involved in the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter, the words belong to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy41.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. additionC. abbreviationD. extension42.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension43.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. omissionC. abbreviationD. extension44.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension45. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?A. comparisonB. rhymeC. alliterationD. repetition46. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning47. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. grammatical meaningD. lexical meaning48. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning49._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning50. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning二、名词解释题51. proverbabsolute synonym52. function wordsonomatopoeic words53. homonymydegradation54. metaphorprefixation55. polysemyelevation of meaning三、Word-building processes56. IOC VIP fire-proof ad auto plane CIA BBC ID record-breaking raindrop newscast brunch botel motel beautility champ dorm steamboat honeybee57. sit-in TB phone shoulder-high bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom gym taxi memo vet TEFL SALT dropout setback UN OPEC crystal-clear58.round-the-clock NATO sci-fi telex proof-reader schoolboy chute bus copter PE ASEAN NASA TOEFL air-conditioning lion’s share dozer plane airtel faction lunarnaut59.sea-green flowerbed VOA bike fridge medicare Motown hi-fi tec scope quake NBC EPA UNESCO H-bomb air-tight silkworm peace-loving slimnastics docudrama60.morning person ROM CD flu brunch travelog workaholic motel telex nark pop biz math VCR sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting ABC RAM四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. First VersionEven since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.Second VersionEver since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four times a week at our little local theatre.62. First Version“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATIENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”Second Version“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”63. First VersionThen she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second VersionThen she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her that her speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.64. First VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.Second VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the other side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.65. First VersionThere was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.Second VersionThe stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in ____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.五、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1. C2. C3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. B9. D10. A11. C12. C13. C14. C15. C16. A17. C18. B19. C20. B21. D22. A23. A24. B25. D26. B27. A28. D29. D30. D31. C32. C33. B34. B35. A36. D37. C38. A39. B40. A41. C42. B43. A44. D45. D46. A47. C48. B49. C50. D二、名词解释题51. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressinga fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / The early bird catches the worm.absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.52. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t have much lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.53.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / baredegradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.e.g. genteel, terrific, accident54. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoeprefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart55. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.e.g. rich, full, getelevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd三、Word-building processes56. compounding: fire-proof record-breaking raindrop steamboat honeybee acronymy: CIA IOC VIP BBC IDclipping: ad auto champ dorm planeblending: newscast brunch botel motel beautility57. compounding: sit-in dropout setback shoulder-high crystal-clearacronymy: TB UN OPEC TEFL SALTclipping: phone gym taxi memo vetblending: bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom58. compounding: round-the-clock air-conditioning proof-reader schoolboy lion’s share acronymy: NATO PE ASEAN NASA TOEFLclipping: chute bus copter dozer planeblending: sci-fi telex airtel faction lunarnaut59. compounding: sea-green flowerbed air-tight silkworm peace-lovingacronymy: VOA NBC EPA UNESCO H-bombclipping: bike fridge tec scope quakeblending: slimnastics docudrama medicare Motown hi-fi60. compounding: morning person sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting acronymy: ROM CD VCR ABC RAMclipping: flu nark pop biz mathblending: brunch travelog workaholic motel telex四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. 1. childhood 2. act 3. prettier 4. luck 5. performances62. 1. confidence 2. ability 3. impatient 4. succeed 5. achievement63. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused 4. director 5. movement64. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful 5. slip65. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished五、简答题（略）……。

2010词汇学试题

西安外国语大学考试试题（A）编号:25021022010-2011学年第 1 学期院（系、部）：英语教育学院专业：英语课程：英语词汇学班级：08级、10级专升本命题时间：2010.12 命题教师：穆小莉以上栏目由命题教师填写，下栏由考生填写学号：姓名：系（院）：专业：班级：Ⅰ. Define the following terms. (20%)1. Free Morpheme Free Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.2. Polysemy Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning because most of them have undertone semantic changes in the course of use and become polysemous.3. Semantic Motivation Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning ofa word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.4. Associative meaning meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. It differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate. It is liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion,geographical region, class background, education, etc.5. Degradation Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.Ⅱ. Answer the following questions. (50%)1.How have the following words become degraded in meaning?Villain person who worked in a villa evil or wicked person or scoundrel, wench country girl prostitute, boor peasant rude，ill-mannered person, churl peasant / free man uncultivated or mean person, silly happy foolish2.What is meant by transference of meaning? Explain the meanings of the italicized wordsin the following sentences.1)To Kate, calculating精明的and cold, the most important thing was power.2)They treated the captives with calculated carefully thought out in advance cruelty.3)The music is inspiring. stimulating or exalting to the spirit4) He gave an inspired of such surpassing excellence as to suggest divine inspiration performance ofthe piano.3. What is meant by conversion? Pick out examples of conversion in the sentences below toillustrate your explanation.1) So she believed me and doctored my battered face, pleased that she could be useful.2) The train is telescoped as a result of the collision.3) We cannot mandate a solution to inflation.4) There will be a repeat of this programm next week.4. What are the causes of meaning change? Illustrate your point.5. Why can a word have more than one antonym? Give examples.III. Analyze and comment on the following. (30%)s1. Comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates andsubordinates.1) He got a piece of furniture recently.2) He bought a cupboad three days ago.3) It is said that a magnificent building was destroyed yesterday.4) The news says that the Royal Hotel was burnt down last night.2. Arrange the following words in four groups-- go forward, go backward, go in, go out: Advance, invade, emerge, recede, retreat, penetrate, progress, issue, discharge, retire, intrude, proceed.。

英语词汇学_习题集1（含答案）

英语词汇学_习题集1（含答案）《英语词汇学》课程习题集一、Rewriting the short paragraph1. First VersionEven since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.Second VersionEver since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four timesa week at our little local theatre.2. First Version“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATI ENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”Second Version“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”3. First VersionThen she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second VersionThen she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her thather speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.4. First VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.Second VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the oth er side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.5. First VersionThere was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.Second VersionThe stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.二、Multiple choices6. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four7. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four8. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four9. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?A. ig-B. ir-C. il-D. im-10. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?A. booksB. pigsC. horsesD. expense11. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists12. According to ______, there is not an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists13. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists14. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists15. According to ______, there is not an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists16. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym17. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym18.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym19. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym20.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym21. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix22. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix23. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix24. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix25. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix26.The word “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of seman tic change called _____.A. elevationB. degenerationC. extensionD. restriction27.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation28.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation29.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation30.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation31. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD32. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD33. The English vocabulary is characterized by the strong influence of French _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD34. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD35. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD36.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words37. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words38. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words39. The word “base” meaning“the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words40. The word “son” meaning“one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words41. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy42. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. antonymyB. synonymyC. hyponymyD. polysemy43. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy44. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. polysemyC. antonymyD. synonymy45. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy46.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. additionC. abbreviationD. extension47.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension48.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. omissionC. abbreviationD. extension49.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”.The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension50. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?A. comparisonB. rhymeC. alliterationD. repetition51. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning52. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. grammatical meaningD. lexical meaning53. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning54._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning55. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning三、Terms56. proverbabsolute synonym57. function wordsonomatopoeic words58. homonymydegradation59. metaphorprefixation60. polysemyelevation of meaning四、Questions61. How is American English related to British English?What is the vital role of context?62. What are the differences between American English and British English?How are the sound and meaning of most words related?63. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? How can context help us determine the meaning of a word?64. What is the relationship between American English andBritish English?What is the difference between conversion and suffixation?65. Why is American English considered a kind of regional dialect of English?What are the types of context?五、Word-building processes（略）……答案一、Rewriting the short paragraph1. 1. childhood2. act3. prettier4. luck5. performances2. 1. confidence 2. ability3. impatient4. succeed5. achievement3. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused4. director5. movement4. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful5. slip5. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished二、Multiple choices6. C7. C8. C9. A11. A12. D13. A14. A15. D16. C17. C18. C19. C20. C21. A22. C23. B24. C25. B26. D27. A28. A29. B30. D31. B32. A33. A34. B35. B36. C37. C38. B39. B41. D42. D43. C44. B45. C46. C47. B48. A49. D50. D51. A52. C53. B54. C55. D三、Terms56. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressinga fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / Th e early bird catches the worm.absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.57. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t havemuch lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.58.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / baredegradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.e.g. genteel, terrific, accident59. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoeprefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart60. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.e.g. rich, full, getelevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd四、Questions61. How is American English related to British English?British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.What is the vital role of context?The impact of context on word meaning can be seen in the following aspects: eliminating ambiguities arising from the polysemy and grammatical analysis of a sentence or a phrase, conveying emotional overtones and indicating referents and the range of the meaning.62. What are the differences between American English and British English?The chief differences in pronunciation lie in the vowel sounds. The American and British spelling systems are essentially the same except that the American variant is simpler than its English counterpart. Differences in grammar are few in number and trifling in nature. The differences of American and British vocabulary can be grouped into three categories: words without counterparts, same word with different meanings and same idea for different words. How are the sound and meaning of most words related?There are two linguistic schools concerning the relationship between sound and meaning. One is conventionalist and the other is naturalists. The latter school believes that there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and its meaning while the former not. Actually, most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbols. There is no way to explain why this or that sound-symbol has this or that meaning beyond the fact that thepeople of a given community have agreed to use one to designate the other.63. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. The fundamental features of the basic word stock are as follows. The first one is national character. The second is stability. The third one is word-formation ability.How can context help us determine the meaning of a word?If one comes across a word with more than one meaning; only context can help you to select the exact meaning of the word from many choices. The same can be true of the grammatical structure which may confuse the readers. Furthermore, the real feeling of the writer can only be appreciated with the specific occasion how a word is used. Last, context does indicate referents and the range of the meaning of a word.64. What is the relationship between American English and British English?British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.What is the difference between conversion and suffixation?Conversion is different from suffixation. In suffixation, a suffix or a combining form is added to the base and the original word will undergo a change in word-class, semantic change and phonological change. In contrast to suffixation, conversion in most cases does change the word-class of the original word but not the meaning or sound. We do have cases where conversion results in not only change in word-class but also semantic changeand phonological change. However, conversion differs from suffixation most in that there is not word form change in the former process, that is the form of the original word always remains same after conversion while there is always some addition to the original word after suffixation.65. Why is American English considered a kind of regional dialect of English?British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.What are the types of context?There are two types of context: linguistic or verbal contexts or extra-linguistic or non-verbal contexts. The linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical, grammatical and verbal context in its broad sense. The extra-linguistic context refers to the actual speech situation in which aword occurs and the entire cultural background against which a word or an utterance or a speech event has to be set.五、Word-building processes（略）……。

（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案

（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案试题二第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following exampleA. lewd → ignoran tB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____.A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ .A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention tothe words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary whichconcentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write youranswers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。

2010年4月英语词汇学试题与答案

2010年4月高自考英语词汇学试题课程代码：0832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ____ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. （）A. smallB. meaningfulC. vocalD. large2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. （）A. TerminologyB. JargonC. SlangD. Argot3. “I'm sure that they will come today.”There are____content words in the above sentence. （）A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops? （）A. Acronym.B. Blending.C. Elevation.D. Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT____. ( )A. kungfu dinnerC. fast foodD. Watergate6. In modern times, ____is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. （）A. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansion D. creation7. The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /iz/ after the following sounds EXCEPT____. ( )A. /s/B. /g/c. /z/ D. /ろ/8. The word “idealistic” comprises ____morphemes. （）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____.( )A. happierB. workerC. harderD. taller10. “Washing machine” is a word formed by____.（）A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending11. “TV” is a(n) ____.（）A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix “mis-” in the word “mistrust” is a ____prefix. （）A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning”? （）A. Reference.B. Concept.C. Sense.D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away” has the same ____but different stylisticvalues.（）A. referenceB. conceptC. motivationD. style15. The word “airmail” is ____motivated. （）A. onomatopoeicallyB. etymologicallyC. semanticallyD. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( ) A. linguistically B. semanticallyC. grammaticallyD. pragmatically17, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （）A. OnomatopoeicallyB. DiachronicallyC. SynchronicallyD. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （）A. ideologyB. etymologyC. mythologyD. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ____element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. （）A. unbalancedB. unstableC. unhingedD. undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “____”and jump means “just”. （）A. janitorB. partnerC. collectorD. observer21. In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.” The word grown can be classified into ____sense of transfer. （）A. physicalB. objectiveC. sensationalD. subjective22. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called ____context. （）A. non-linguisticB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. cultural23. The sentence “He is a hard businessman.” is ambiguous due to____. （）A. grammatical structureB. lexical contextC. homonymyD. polysemy24. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire____. （）A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25. Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? （）A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech.26. In nothing flat as an idiom is ____in nature. （）A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The idiom “failure is the mother of success” is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned. （）A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification28. Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook? ( )A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary.29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______dictionary. ( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use____ to mark the pronunciation.A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes;2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)A B（） 31. appreciative meanings A. maltreat（） 32. parent/child B. Jap/nigger（） 33. pejorative prefixes C. tremble (not quiver) with fear （） 34. man/woman D. famous/determined（） 35. hyperactive/superfreeze E. extraordinary/telecommunication （） 36. collocative meaning F. prefixes of degree（） 37. decompose/unwrap G. inflectional affixes（） 38. pejorative meaning H. reversative prefixes（） 39. radios/desks I. contradictory terms（） 40. locative prefixes J. relative termsⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present ____language.43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ____morphemes.44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called____.45. Though having little lexical meaning, ____words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____of the whole set alter.47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or____.48. The sentence “I like Mary better than Jean.” will lead to____.49. The fixity of idioms depends on the____.50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ____and encyclopedic dictionaries.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51. borrowed words52. conversion53. motivation54. narrowing55. replacement of idiomsⅤ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write youranswers in the space given below.（20%）56. What are derivational affixes?57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61. State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.英语词汇学试题答案Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1. B2. C3. B4. D5. A6. D7. B8. C9. B 10. B11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. B 20 . B21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. CⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes;2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%) 31. D 32. J 33. A 34. I 35. F 36. C 37. H 38. B 39. G 40. EⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41. free 42. analytic 43. bound 44. derivatives 45. functional46. relations 47. degradation 48. ambiguity 49. idiomaticity 50. encyclopedia Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51. Borrowed words are words taken over from foreign languages.52. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.53. Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.54. Narrowing is a process by which a word of wider meaning acquires a specialized sense.55. Replacement of idioms is a constituent replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms.Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56. What are derivational affixes?Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point. Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships, such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meanings of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. For example, forget (base verb), forgets (3rd person singular form), forgot (past form), forgotten (present perfect form) and forgetting (progressive form).58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.Abstract to concrete59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.False. Idioms are generally felt to be informal and some are colloquialisms and slang, therefore inappropriate for formal style. Occasionally, we find idioms which are extremely formal and used only in frozen style.Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.Synonyms may differ in the range and intensity of meaning. Some words have a wider range of meaning than others. Increase, extend and expand share a general sense but have different implications. Each of the three terms expresses a different kind of enlargement. This can be illustrated by the following graphs.61. State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.Context plays a vital role in the following three aspects.1) Elimination of ambiguity. When a word with multiple meanings used in inadequate context, it creates ambiguity, e.g. “He is a hard businessman.” The word hard in this context can mean both “hard-working” and “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means.2) Indication of referents. English has a large number of words such as now/then, here/there, I/you, this/that, which are often used to refer directly to people, time, place, etc. Without clear context, the reference can be very confusing. For example, the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking.3) Provision of clues for inferring word meaning. Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows: .definition, explanation, example, synonym, antonym, hyponym, relevant details, and word structure。

《英语词汇学》期末考试复习题

英语词汇学期末考试复习题一、单项选择题1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.A.soundsB.meaningC.formD.function【正确答案】 B2.A word is a ______ that stands for something else in the world.A.symbolB.systemC.structureD.pattern【正确答案】 A3.We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the ______ form.A.writerB.practicalC.oralD.grammatical【正确答案】 C4.In spite of the differences, at least ______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A.sixtyB.seventyC.eightyD.ninety【正确答案】 C5.Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.e frequencyB.notionC.originD.stability【正确答案】 B6.Among the feature of words of the basic word stock, ______ is the most important one that may differentiate words of common use from all others.A.all national characterB.stabilityC.productivityD.collocability【正确答案】 A7.______ belong to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A.JargonsB.SlangsC.ArgotsD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 B8.Native words in English are words brought to Britain in the ______ century by some German tribes.A.eighthB.seventhC.fifthD.sixth【正确答案】 C9.Which of the following words isn’t the alien?A.decorB.bazaarC.shiftD.emir【正确答案】 C10._______ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A.ArchaismsB.SlangC.ArgotD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 A11.The Indo-European language family accordingly fall into _______ principle groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.A.eightB.sixC.fiveD.several【正确答案】 A12.The first peoples known to inhabit England were ______.A.CeltsB.RomansC.Anglo-SaxonsD.Jutes【正确答案】 A13.Old English has a vocabulary of about ______ words.A.30000 to 40000B.40000 to 50000C.50000 to 60000D.60000 to 70000【正确答案】 C14.Between 1250 and 1500 about ______ words of French poured into English.A.7000B.8000C.9000D.10000【正确答案】 Cually we regard which of the following periods as Early Modern English?A.450 to 1150B.1150 to 1500C.1500 to 1600D.1500 to 1700【正确答案】 D16.In the growth of present-day English vocabulary, there are three main sources of new words: the rapid development of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of ______.A.the educational systemB.other cultures and languagesC.the government systemD.the society changes【正确答案】 B17.In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A.creationB.semantic changeC.borrowingD.reviving archaic or obsolete words【正确答案】 A18.American English like to use ______.A.creationB.reviving archaic or obsolete wordsC.semantic changeD.borrowing【正确答案】 B19.In the Eastern set, _______ and ________ are each the only modern language respectively.A.Italic, GermanicB.Armenian, AlbanianC.Celtic, HellenicD.Balto-Slavic, Into-Iranian【正确答案】 B20.The ________ is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.A.GermanicB.Balto-SlavicC.Indo-EuropeanD.Indo-Iranian【正确答案】 C21.______ is the smallest functioning unite in the composition of words.A.MorphemeB.AllomorphC.WordD.Stem【正确答案】 A22.______are abstract units.A.MorphsB.AllomorphsC.MorphemesD.All of the above【正确答案】 C23.The morpheme is to the morph what a_____is to a______.A.word / soundB.root / affixC.stem / affixD.phoneme / phone【正确答案】 D24.Bound morphemes include ______ and affix.A.stemB.rootC.bound rootD.prefix and suffix【正确答案】 C25.Words produced by conversion are primarily ______.A.nounsB.adjectivesC.verbsD.all the above【正确答案】 D26.______are attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.A.AffixesB.SuffixesC.Inflectional affixesD.None of the above【正确答案】 C27.The number of inflectional affixes is ______.A.small and changeablerge and changeableC.small and stablerge and stable【正确答案】 C28.Desire, desirable and desired are______.A.rootsB.stemsC.free rootsD.roots as well as stems【正确答案】 B29.Almost all affixes are_________because few can be used as independent words.A.free morphemesB.bound morphemesC.bound rootD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B30.A_________is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words.A.free rootB.bound rootC.free morphemesD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B31._____doesn’t belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A.AffixationpoundingC.ConversionD.Blending【正确答案】 D32.Prefixes do not generally change the ____ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A.word-classB.soundC.formD.structure【正确答案】 A33.All of the following are pejorative prefixes except ______.A.mal-B.arch-C.pseudo-D.mis-【正确答案】 B34.-eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _____ nouns.A.abstractB.de-verbalC.concreteD.de-adjective【正确答案】 C35.The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.stressD.function【正确答案】 C36.The overwhelming majority of blends are ______.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.nounsD.numbers【正确答案】 C37.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ theso-called suffixes.A.removingbiningC.shorteningD.considering【正确答案】 A38.There are four common types of clipping: _______, _______, ________ and ________.A.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, phrase clippingB.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, middle clippingC.front clipping, back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clippingD.front clipping, front and back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clipping【正确答案】 A39.Some words are from characters in mythology, e. g. cherub from _______.A.CherubB.GodC.ProteusD.Mackintosh【正确答案】 A40.Stylistically, back-formed words are largely ________ and some of them have not gained public acceptance.A.formalB.adjectivesC.human nounsrmal【正确答案】 D41.Most verbs converted from adjectives have both transitive and ________ functions.A.intransitiveB.voicelessC.linkD.adjective【正确答案】 A42.Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four【正确答案】 B43.Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired ______.A.referenceB.formC.connectionD.motivation【正确答案】 A44.The connection between the word-meaning and the thing it refers to is ______.A.logicalB.conventionalC.grammaticalD.formal【正确答案】 B45.Generally speaking, the meaning of ‘meaning’ is pe rhaps what is termed _______.A.conceptB.ideaC.conventionD.sense【正确答案】 D46._______ meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning.A.ConceptualB.LexicalC.SocialD.Associative【正确答案】 B47.________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.A.Connotative meaningB.Stylistic meaningC.Collocative meaningD.Affective meaning【正确答案】 D48._______, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.A.Content wordsB.Functional wordsC.Borrowed wordsD.Native words【正确答案】 B49.Black market means _______.A.‘the market black in colour’B.‘illegal selling and buying’C.‘the market having many people’D.none of the above【正确答案】 B50._____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.A.HomonymyB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy【正确答案】 B51.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from diachronic and ______.putationalB.historical approachC.synchronic approachparative approach【正确答案】 C52.The differences between synonyms boil down to the following except ______.A.denotationB.connotationC.applicationD.pronunciation【正确答案】 D53.______ means the stylistic and emotive colouring of words.A.PronunciationB.ConnotationC.DenotationD.Application【正确答案】 B54._______ truly represent oppositeness of meaning.A.Contradictory termsB.Contray termsC.Relative termsD.Absolute synonyms【正确答案】 A55.The basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the _______ meaning.A.firstB.derivedC.centralD.none of the above【正确答案】 C56.Absolute synonyms are_______ in natural languages.A.numerousB.rareC.popularmon【正确答案】 B57.________ deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.A.PolysemyB.HomoymyC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 D58.Which of the following is not the antonym of dull?A.sunnyB.sharpC.acuteD.fast【正确答案】 D59.________ are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes.A.Contradictory termsB.Contrary termsC.Relative termsD.Antonyms【正确答案】 B60.________ is concerned with semantic opposition.A.AntonymyB.HomonymyC.PolysemyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 A61.Consequence means________.A.smallB.happinessC.expandD.result【正确答案】 D62.Among the types of word-meaning changes, ______ and narrowing are the most common by far.A.degradationB.transferC.elevationD.extension【正确答案】 D63.Extension of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 A64.Narrowing of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 B65.Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced process of semantic _____.A.extensionB.degradationC.transferD.elevation【正确答案】 C66.The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of _____.A.narrowingB.extensionC.degradationD.transfer【正确答案】 C。

英语词汇学练习参考答案

词汇学练习参考答案I. Some of the following statements are true, and others are false. Mark your answer by writing T or F in the bracket at the end of each sentences.1. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. F7. T8. T9. F 10. F 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. F15. T 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. F 20. F 21. F 22. F 23. T 24. F 25. F 26. T27. T 28. F 29. F 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35.T 36. F 37. F 38. F 39. F40. T 41. F 42. T 43. F 44. T 45. F 46. F 47. T 48. T 49. F 50. T 51. T 52. F53. F 54. T 55. F 56. T 57. T 58. F 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T 65. T66. F 67. T 68. F 69. T 70. T 71. F 72. F 73. T 74. T 75. F 76. T 77. T 78. F79. T 80. F 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. F 85. T 86. T 87. T 88. F 89. T 90. F 91. T92. F 93. F 94. T 95. F 96. T 97. T 98. T 99. F 100. F 101. T 102. T 103. T104. T 105. F 106. T 107. T 108. T 109. F 110. F 111. F 112. T 113. T 114. T115. F 116. F 117. T 118. T 119. F 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. F 125. T126. F 127. FII. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by circling A, B, C, or D which best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. B5. D6. B7. D8. B9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. A15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. B39. B 40. B 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. D51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. B 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. D 61. D 62. A63. D 64. C 65. B 66. A 67. A 68. D 69. C 70. D 71. D 72. D 73. A 74. D75. D 76. A 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. D 81. B 82. D 83. D 84. D 85. B 86. A87. B 88. C 89. C 90. A 91. B 92. C 93. B 94. A 95. C 96. D 97. D 98. B99. B 110. C 101. A 102. A 103. B 104. B 105. C 106. C 107. DIII. 连线题Section A1. J2. A3. B4. H5. E6. D7. F8. I9. G 10. CSection B1. G2. E3. H4. F5. I6. C7. B8. J9. A 10. DSection C1. D2. B3. E4. G5. A6. C7. F8. I9. J 10. HIV. 填空题Section A1. aliens2. intrinsic3. Denizens4. common5. stable6. Conversion7. polysemy8. compounding9. pejorative 10. Reference 11. arbitrary12. imperfect 13. reversative 14. French 15. lexical 16. extension/generalization 17. 1500Section B18. mositure 19. rigid 20. deserted 21. innocent 22. old-fshioned 23. loosen 24. completely 25. similarity 26. indifferent 27. fruitful 28. special 29. essential 30. depressed/sadV. Complete the following sentences by choosing phrases from the list and using them in their proper forms.Section A31. stood out against 32. approve of 33. get over with 34. looking into35. come up with 36. comply with 37. cashed in on 38. go without39. will profit by/from 40. put down toSection B41. close 42. cold 43. narrow 44. cardinal 45. burning 46. capital47. circumstantial 48. cool 49. double-minded 50. fair 51. green-eyed52. happy 53. hollow 54. open-ended 55. random 56. roundVI.1. b2. i3. c4. f5. a6. h7. e8. d9. g 10. j 11. r 12. p 13.s 14. k 15. o 16. m 17. l 18. n 19. qIX分析题（问题）1. As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humor, sarcasm or ridicule. Consider the following conversation that takes place between a waitress and a customer in a restaurant: “You are not eating the fish,” the waitress said to him, “Anything wrong with it?”“Long time no sea,” the man replied.答案：Long time no see is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet after a long time of separation. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom tohis advantage to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant. Long time no sea implies that the “sea food kept for a long time is not fit for eating.”（问题）2. Collocation can affect the meaning of words答案：Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion, and collocative meaning consists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation. Words with the same conceptual meaning may have different meanings due to the range of words they may collocate with. In other words, collocation can affect the meanings of words. For example, “pretty”and “handsome” share the conceptual meaning of “good looking”, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty girl (boy/woman/flower) and handsome man (car/airline, etc.).（问题）3. The “pen” is mightier than the “sword”.Explain what “pen” and “sword” mean respectively using the theory of motivation.答案：(1). Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.(2). Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. (3). In this sentence, “pen” reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; “sword” reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.（问题）4. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.答案：(1).Connotative meaning, known as connotation, refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. (2). Connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary, but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers. Thus they are unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period and the experience of the individual. (3). For example, the word “home” may remind one child of warmth, safety or love, while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home, it may mean indifference, hatred, or even hell.（问题）5. Grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, connotative meaning, collocative meaning, conceptual meaning, associative meaning, denotative meaning, formal, neutral, informal, appreciative, pejorative答案：Meaning—grammatical meaning—lexical meaning—conceptual meaning(denotative meaning)—associative meaning—connotative meaning—collocative meaning—stylistic meaning(formal, neutral, informal)—affective meaning(appreciative, pejorative)（问题）6. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly答案：(1). Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collection), nationalist (nation+al+ist), unearthly (un+earth+ly).(2). Of the nine morphemes, only “collect”, “nation” and “earth” are free morphemes as theycan exist by themselves.(3) All the rest re-, -ion, -al, -ist, un- and-ly are bound as none of them can stand alone aswords.（问题）7. Analyze and comment on the following.He has been sick since this fall.Tell what “sick” and “fall” mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English.答案：(1). ”sick” means “ill” and “fall” means “autumn” in present American English;(2). These words no longer have such meanings in presnet British English;(3). American English has revived the old meaning of “sick” and that of “fall”. This is therevival of archaic or obsolete words.（问题）8. Find blends from the following sentence and give the explanation of which types of blendings they belong to respectively.“There is a set of hi-fi in the motel. ”答案：(1). Blends: hi+fi=high+fidelity, motel=motor+hotel;(2). hi+fi: head+head, motel: head+tail.（问题）9. Explain the rhetoric use of homonyms in B’s speech. Give the two possible Chinese translations.A. “What color would you paint the sun and the wind?”B. “The sun rose and the wind blue.”答案：(1). Rose can be defined in two ways: color of rose and the past form of the verb rise.(2). Blue in two ways too: the color blue and the past form of the verb blow (in pronunciation).a). 粉红的太阳，蓝色的风。

英语词汇学试题复习参考（分章节）

英语词汇学试题复习参考（分章节）英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. StylisticsaA. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics,________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______./doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed wordsIVVVII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans. Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1. A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CII.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabularyIII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIV.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaismsI. Each1.2.3.4.5.6.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?I.II.III.IV.(1)(2)(3)I．1.A.2.3.4.A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________./doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________./doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.13.A.14.15.19.anotherviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(1) I’(5) The1.IV(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.9.A.A.16.17.18.19.explains the meaning of the word.20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )V.41.VI.VII.I.II.III.IV.(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’,‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, whichmake them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylisticvalues.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Wordsthat have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.2.3.4.senseA.10.11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms/doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html position and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning .The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their ____, the secondprincipal consideration is ________.17.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one ______whereas homonyms are listed asseparate ______.18.The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas : _______, connotation ,and _____.19.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific wordis20.’. III.IV31.neckV.Define the following terms .41. radiation 42. concatenation 43. antonymy 44. hoponymy 45. semantic fieldVI.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46.What are the origins of homonyms ?47.What are sources of synonyms ?48.What are the characteristics of antonyms ?VII.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Divide the following words into four groups and give the superordinate terms:bark, boat, drum, harp, lute. Microscope. Mirror, destroyer, cruiser, piano, tectangle, rhomboid, rhombus, ship, spectacles, spectroscope, square, telescope, trapezium, violin.50. Write the following words into a tree-like graph:vegetable, meat, pork, beef, turnip, carrot, bread, food, cake, cornflakes, cereal.Key to exercises :I. 1. C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14. A 15.CII.16. etymology, semantic relatedness 17.headword, entries 18.denotation, application 19. superordinate, subordinate 20.field theoryIII.21. F 22.J 23.E 24.A 25.G 26.C 27.B 28.I 29. D 30.HIV.31. radiation 32. perfect synonym 33. concatenation 34. homograph 35. shortening 36. homophone 37. change in sound and spelling6.The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation7.The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation8.The original meaning of minister is ______.A. head of a ministryB. a tutorC.a farmerD. servant9.The original meaning of success is ______.A.resultB. progressC. eventD. incident10.The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing11.The original meaning of knave is _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing12.The original meaning of silly is ______.A. sadB. jealousC. happyD. cold13.Loud colours belongs to ______.A.transfer of sensationsB. transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer from subjective to objective14. Dreadful and hateful belong to _______.A. transfer from subjective to objectiveB. transfer of sensationC. transfer from objective toII.III.30. By analogy ( ) J. sillyIV.Study the following sentence and identify 1)types of transfer 2) types of clues for inferring word meaning.31. As the fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadu.32. Their greatest fear was of a conflagration, since fire would destroy their flimsy wooden settlement before help could arrive.33. Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Ms. Mary, for example, speaks five languages.34. He is listening to that sweet music.35. It’s just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors ---those tiny parts of acomputer commonly known as ‘silicon chips’.36. Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggestedby Professor Birdwhistell.37. He is the hope of the family.38. In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they werewet through .39. Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather tan in the geocentric theory.40. The village had most of the usual amenities :a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medicalcenter, and a school.V.Define the following terms.41.VI.VII.I.II.21.IVV.VI.50. This sentence shows one of the functions of context , that is a clear indication ofChapter 9 English Idioms (练习7 )I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Jack of all trades is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature2.Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature3.How are you is a(n) __________.A.idiom nominal in natureB. idiom verbal in natureB.idiom adjective in nature D. sentence idiom4.tooth and nail is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature5.Beyond the pale is an idiom _________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature6.Play fast and loose shows the feature of ________.A. repetitionB. reiterationC. juxtapositionD. rhyme7.A．8.9.10.11.A.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience _______changes such as different forms ofverbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) phonetic manipulation 2) lexical manipulation 3) figures of speech.A B21. Alliteration ( ) A. by and by22. Simile ( ) B. a dark horse23. Rhyme ( ) C. up and down24. Reiteration ( ) D. toss and turn25. Metaphor ( ) E. like a rat in a hole26. Repetition ( ) F. fair and square27. Synecdoche ( ) G. live by one’s pen28. Juxtaposition ( ) H. bits and pieces29. Personification ( ) I. earn one’s bread30. Metonymy ( ) J. Failure is the mother of success.IV.study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of idioms 2) variations of idioms.31. keep (break ) one’s word ( ) 32. Never do things by halves. ( )33. for good(and all) ( ) 34. through thick and thin ( )35. pin back sb’s ears =pin sb’s ears back ( ) 36. sing a different tune ( )VII.VIII.IX.I.1.AIVX.‘no question’instead.(4)Many idioms are grammatically unanalysable. For example, diamond cut diamond ( two parties areequally matched ) is grammatically incorrect, for normally the verb cut should take the third person singular-s as the subject diamond is singular.50.(1) This statement is not true.(2) Characterized by semantic unity and structural stability, idioms do not allow changes as a rule . Butstructural stability is not absolute. When idioms are used in actual context, they do experiencegrammatical changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on.(3) Occasionally, we may find changes in constituents of idioms : addition, deletion, replacement,position-shifting, dismembering, etc.Chapter 10 English Dictionaries (练习8)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement and the letter in the bracket.1.The dictionary that contains information on all branches of knowledge or treats comprehensively aparticular branch of knowledge usually in articles arranged alphabetically is called __________.A. lexiconB. concordanceC. yearbookD. encyclopaedia2. A reference book listing alphabetically arranged along with information about their forms,pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and syntactical and idiomatic uses is called3.4.5.A.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.A. 1623B. 1775C. 1828D. 192813.Universal Etymological English Dictionary by Nathan Bailley was published in____.A. 1623B. 1721C. 1775D. 182814.A Dictionary of the English Language by Sam Johnson was published in ______.A. 1721B. 1735C. 1775D. 182815.The American Dictionary of the English language by Noah Webster was published in ____ .A. 1775B. 1785C. 1800D. 1828/doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html plete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book . III.16. The dominant sense of the word dictionary by English-speaking people is a book which presents______order the words of English , with information as to their spelling, pronunciation , meaning,usage, rules of grammar, and in some, their etymology.17. Dictionary is closely related to ______, which deals with the same problems: the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.18. The target population of monolingual dictionaries are general _______or second language and foreign learners who have reached the intermediate and advanced stages.19. Linguistic dictionaries aim at ______ and explaining their usages in the language,.20.Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both ________and encyclopedia.III.Write the full name of the following grammar abbreviations and put them into Chinese.21.. c.f. ____________ 22. comb.f. __________ 23. fem. _________ 24. mas. ______IV.31.V.VI．1)610Key to exercises:I. 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.DII. 16. alphabetical 17. lexicology 18. native speakers 19. defining words 20. linguistic dictionaries III. 21. confer(参看) 22. combining form (构词成分)23. feminine (阴性) 24. masculine (阳性)25. negative (否定词)26. prefix(前缀) 27. suffix 28. auxiliary verb 29 possessive 30 transitive verbIV. 31. Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary 32. Chamber Universal Learners’ Dictionary33. Collins English Learner’s Dictionary 34. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English35. Longman Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English 36. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionart of Current English 37. OxfordDictionary of Current Idiomatic English38. Random House Dictionary of the English Language 39. Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary 40. Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American LanguageV-VI.( See the course book )VI.49. 1) 千⾥之堤,溃于蚁⽳。

20104月词汇学试题与答案

2010年4月高自考英语词汇学试题课程代码：0832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ____ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. （）A. smallB. meaningfulC. vocalD. large2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. （）A. TerminologyB. JargonC. SlangD. Argot3. “I'm sure that they will come today.”There are____content words in the above sentence. （）A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops? （）A. Acronym.B. Blending.C. Elevation.D. Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT____. ( )A. kungfu dinnerC. fast foodD. Watergate6. In modern times, ____is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. （）A. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansion D. creation7. The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /iz/ after the following sounds EXCEPT____. ( )A. /s/B. /g/c. /z/ D. /ろ/8. The word “idealistic” comprises ____morphemes. （）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____.( )A. happierB. workerC. harderD. taller10. “Washing machine” is a word formed by____.（）A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending11. “TV” is a(n) ____.（）A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix “mis-” in the word “mistrust” is a ____prefix. （）A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning”? （）A. Reference.B. Concept.C. Sense.D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away” has the same ____but different stylisticvalues.（）A. referenceB. conceptC. motivationD. style15. The word “airmail” is ____motivated. （）A. onomatopoeicallyB. etymologicallyC. semanticallyD. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( ) A. linguistically B. semanticallyC. grammaticallyD. pragmatically17, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （）A. OnomatopoeicallyB. DiachronicallyC. SynchronicallyD. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （）A. ideologyB. etymologyC. mythologyD. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ____element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. （）A. unbalancedB. unstableC. unhingedD. undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “____”and jump means “just”. （）A. janitorB. partnerC. collectorD. observer21. In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.” The word grown can be classified into ____sense of transfer. （）A. physicalB. objectiveC. sensationalD. subjective22. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called ____context. （）A. non-linguisticB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. cultural23. The sentence “He is a hard businessman.” is ambiguous due to____. （）A. grammatical structureB. lexical contextC. homonymyD. polysemy24. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire____. （）A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25. Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? （）A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech.26. In nothing flat as an idiom is ____in nature. （）A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The idiom “failure is the mother of success” is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned. （）A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification28. Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook? ( )A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary.29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______dictionary. ( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use____ to mark the pronunciation.A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes;2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)A B（） 31. appreciative meanings A. maltreat（） 32. parent/child B. Jap/nigger（） 33. pejorative prefixes C. tremble (not quiver) with fear （） 34. man/woman D. famous/determined（） 35. hyperactive/superfreeze E. extraordinary/telecommunication （） 36. collocative meaning F. prefixes of degree（） 37. decompose/unwrap G. inflectional affixes（） 38. pejorative meaning H. reversative prefixes（） 39. radios/desks I. contradictory terms（） 40. locative prefixes J. relative termsⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present ____language.43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ____morphemes.44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called____.45. Though having little lexical meaning, ____words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____of the whole set alter.47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or____.48. The sentence “I like Mary better than Jean.” will lead to____.49. The fixity of idioms depends on the____.50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ____and encyclopedic dictionaries.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51. borrowed words52. conversion53. motivation54. narrowing55. replacement of idiomsⅤ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write youranswers in the space given below.（20%）56. What are derivational affixes?57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61. State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.英语词汇学试题答案Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1. B2. C3. B4. D5. A6. D7. B8. C9. B 10. B11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. B 20 . B21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. CⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes;2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%) 31. D 32. J 33. A 34. I 35. F 36. C 37. H 38. B 39. G 40. EⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41. free 42. analytic 43. bound 44. derivatives 45. functional46. relations 47. degradation 48. ambiguity 49. idiomaticity 50. encyclopedia Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51. Borrowed words are words taken over from foreign languages.52. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.53. Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.54. Narrowing is a process by which a word of wider meaning acquires a specialized sense.55. Replacement of idioms is a constituent replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms.Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56. What are derivational affixes?Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point. Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships, such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meanings of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. For example, forget (base verb), forgets (3rd person singular form), forgot (past form), forgotten (present perfect form) and forgetting (progressive form).58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.Abstract to concrete59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.False. Idioms are generally felt to be informal and some are colloquialisms and slang, therefore inappropriate for formal style. Occasionally, we find idioms which are extremely formal and used only in frozen style.Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.Synonyms may differ in the range and intensity of meaning. Some words have a wider range of meaning than others. Increase, extend and expand share a general sense but have different implications. Each of the three terms expresses a different kind of enlargement. This can be illustrated by the following graphs.61. State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.Context plays a vital role in the following three aspects.1) Elimination of ambiguity. When a word with multiple meanings used in inadequate context, it creates ambiguity, e.g. “He is a hard businessman.” The word hard in this context can mean both “hard-working” and “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means.2) Indication of referents. English has a large number of words such as now/then, here/there, I/you, this/that, which are often used to refer directly to people, time, place, etc. Without clear context, the reference can be very confusing. For example, the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking.3) Provision of clues for inferring word meaning. Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows: .definition, explanation, example, synonym, antonym, hyponym, relevant details, and word structure。

（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案

（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案试题三第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historicalperiodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the a mbiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16._________________ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________ has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations;3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; bear/doc/0511810664.html,e ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) typesof word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)/doc/0511810664.html,ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words orexpressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemesunbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。

7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。

8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。

9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。

10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。

三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。

13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。

15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。

参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。

12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。

例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。

词汇学考试题2

词汇学考试题2湖北中医学院《英语词汇学》试卷适⽤专业及层次（由出卷教研室填写）：英语专业本科姓名：班级：学号：（此试卷共5页，答案请填写在答题纸上，请将最佳答案填在答题纸对应的题号下，答案填写在试卷上者答题⽆效）(09-10学年第1学期 2010.1)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.The relationship between the sound and meaning of a word is .A. logicalB. arbitrary，conventionalC. certainD. objective2. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages in the following places except .A. EuropeB. the Near EastC. IndiaD. Africa3. Words produced through affixation constitute of all the new words.A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%4.The chief function of prefixation is to .A. change meanings of the stemsB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above5. The “house” in “the peasant housed him” belongs to theconversion .A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above6.A concept has referring expressions.A. oneB. manyC. a fewD. none of the above7. The grammatical meanings of a word refer to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationship such as .A. part of speech of wordsB. singular and plural meaning of nounsC. tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional formsD. all the above8. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from angles.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four9.In radiation，the secondary meaning of a word is derived from the primary meaning of a word by .A. transferB. extensionC. specializationD. all the above and others10. A legal term “ Alibi” signifying “plea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed” now means “excuse”. This change ofword-meaning is called .A. transferB. narrowingC. extensionD. degradation11.Context clues have ones in all.A. sevenB. sixC. eightD. five12. is not the characteristics of idioms.A. TersenessB. ExpressivenessC. VividnessD. Complication13. idioms are characterized by semantic and structural stability.A. All theB. FewC. None ofD. Not all the14.Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as .A. spelling and pronunciationB. meaning and grammatical functionC. usage and etymologyD. all the above15.The main body of a dictionary is of words. （）A. pronunciationB. spellingC. definitionD. usageII . Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16. According to suffixation theory，“villager” is called denominal noun and “employer” is called noun.17. Lexical meaning and meaning make up the word meaning.18. Absolute synonyms are restricted to highly .19. Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of meaning.20. Linguistic context includes lexical context and .III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes；2）types of meaning；3）language branches and 4）features of idioms.（10%）A B21.celtic （）a. reiteration22.minibus （）b. juxtaposition23.extension （）c. narrowing24.meat（flesh of animals）（）d. alliteration25.elevation （）e. Irish26.degradation （）f . rhyme27.might and main （）g. knight（rank below baronet）28.wear and tear （）h. morphological motivation29.pick and choose （）i. churl（uncultivated or mean person）30.rain or shine （）j. mill（place where things are made）IV . Study the following words or expressions and identify1）types of bound morphemes underlined；2）types of word formations；3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idiom.（10%）31. cooked （）32. employer （）33. meeting-room （）34. record-breaking （）35. cut and dried （）36. tooth and nail （）37. to wolf （）38. telex （）39. takes（verb）（）40. home —— a dwelling place （）V. Define the following terms.（10%）41. allomorph42. blending43. adjective suffix44. connotative meaning45. motivationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the answer sheet.（12%）46. What are the differences between homonyms and polysemants？47. What are the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning？48.How does context provide clues for inferring word-meaning？VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the answer sheet.（18%）49. He is as poor as a church mouse.Pick out the idiom in this sentence，then point out its structure，grammatical function and figure of speech.50.（1）“I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.”A B C（2）“I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of senator Buckley.”A B CStudy these two sentences，and explain what relationship is between each corresponding part in the twosentences？Which sentence is better？Why？（100 Words）湖北中医学院《英语词汇学》试卷答题纸姓名：班级：学号：I. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%, 2×15)II .Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%，2×5）16．17． 18．19．20． III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B （10%，1×10）21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.IV . Study the following words or expressions and identify the types （10%，1×10）31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.V. Define the following terms. (10%, 2×5)41．42．43．44．45． VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. (12%, 4×3)46．47．48．VII. Analyze and comment on the following.（18%, 9×2）49.50.英语词汇学试卷参考答案I.1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.CII.16.deverbal 17.grammatical 18.specialized vocabulary 19.widening20.grammatical contextIII. 21.e 22.h 23.j 24.c 25.g 26.i 27.d 28.f 29.a 30.bIV. 31.inflectional affixes32.suffixes/derivational affixes33.noun compound，n + n34.adjective compound，n +v-ing35.idiom adjectival in nature/adjective idiom36.idiom adverbial in nature/adverb idiom37.conversion，noun to verb38.blending，head +head39.grammatical meaning40.conceptual meaningV.41.One of the variants that realize a morpheme.42. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.43. The suffix that is added to the stem，whatever class it belongs to，the result will be an adjective.44. Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.45. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.VI.46.（1）Homonym refers to different words which happen to share the same form and polysemant is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings.（2 分）（2）Homonyms are from different sources. A polysemant is from the same source.（1 分）（3）The various meanings of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning. Meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another.（1 分）47. 要点：（1）Historical reason，ideas，scientific knowledge and so on. Change in the course of time. word-meaning also changes.（2 分）（2）Class reason. Different classes have different languages and attitudes.（1 分）（3）Psychological reason. People change word-meaning owing to various psychological motives.（1 分）48. 要点：Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows：（1）Definition（2）Explanation（3）Example（4）Synonymy（5）Antonymy（6）Hyponymy（7）Relevant details（8）Word structureVII.49.（1）The idiom is “as poor as a church mouse”.（2 分）（2）Its structure is：as+ a+ as+ n.（3 分）（3）Its grammatical function：adjective idiom as predicative in this sentence.（2 分）（4）simile（2 分）50.（1）The relationship between corresponding parts is hyponymy.（3 分）（2）Subordinates are used in sentence（2），thus sentence（2）is better. Subordinates are concrete，precise and vivid.（6 分）。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "breakfast" is derived from:A. LatinB. Old EnglishC. GreekD. French答案：B2. Which of the following words is a compound word?A. TelephoneB. BicycleC. ComputerD. All of the above答案：D3. The word "kindergarten" is borrowed from:A. GermanB. ItalianC. SpanishD. French答案：A4. Which of the following is an example of a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. CatalogD. Interview答案：A5. The term "morpheme" refers to:A. A wordB. A syllableC. A meaningful unit of languageD. A sound答案：C6. The word "mouse" can be analyzed as:A. A single morphemeB. A compound wordC. A prefix and a rootD. A root and a suffix答案：A7. Which of the following words is a blend?A. MotelB. BrunchC. InfomercialD. All of the above答案：D8. The process of adding a suffix to a root to form a new word is called:A. DerivationB. InflectionC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A9. The word "unbelievable" is formed by:A. PrefixationB. SuffixationC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A10. The word "run" can have several meanings, which is an example of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Antonymy答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of changing a word's form to express tense, mood, or number is called ________.答案：inflection2. A word that has the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings is called a ________.答案：homograph3. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is known as a ________.答案：morpheme4. A word that is formed by combining two or more words is called a ________.答案：compound5. A word that is formed by adding a prefix to a root is called a ________.答案：prefixed word6. The study of the history of words and the way they change over time is known as ________.答案：etymology7. A word that is formed by adding a suffix to a root is called a ________.答案：suffixed word8. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called ________.答案：clipping9. A word that is formed by combining parts of two or more words is called a ________.答案：blend10. The process of creating a new word by changing the form of an existing word is called ________.答案：conversion三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a prefix and a suffix.答案：A prefix is an affix that is added to the beginning of a root to form a new word with a different meaning, such as "un-" in "unbelievable". A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a root to form a new word, often changing thepart of speech or adding a specific meaning, such as "-ness"in "happiness".2. What is the role of a morpheme in the structure of a word? 答案：A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, and it can be a word by itself or part of a word.It can be a root, which carries the core meaning, or an affix, which modifies the meaning or function of the root.3. Describe the process of word formation through blending.答案：Word formation through blending involves combiningparts of two or more words to create a new word. This process results in a word that is shorter and often more convenientto use, such as "brunch" from "breakfast" and "lunch".。

英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)

《英语词汇学》课程习题集一、单选题1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?A. ig-B. ir-C. il-D. im-5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?A. booksB. pigsC. horsesD. expense6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists8. Most English words are _________ symbols.A. definiteB. arbitraryC. infiniteD. hereditary9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words.A. nationalismB. anthropologyC. linguisticsD. motivation10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words.A. onomatopoeicB. similarC. naturalD. symbolic11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym15.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym16. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix17. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix18. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix19. Any root or stem can be termed as a _______.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix20.A _______ is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix21. The wo rd “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of semantic change called _____.A. elevationB. degenerationC. extensionD. restriction22.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation23.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation24.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation25.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation26. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD27. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD28. The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is known as _________.A. Ancient EnglishB. Primordial EnglishC. Contemporary EnglishD. Middle English29. The English language from 1500 AD to the present is called ________ .A. Ancient EnglishB. Old EnglishC. Middle EnglishD. Modern English30. Which of the following is not a phase in the development of the English language?A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Contemporary English31.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words32. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words33. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words34. The word “base” meaning “the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words35. The word “son” meaning “one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words36. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy37. When many pairs or groups of words which are different in meaning are pronounced alike or spelled alike, or both, such words belong to the words of ________.A. antonymyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. polysemy38.When words are identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called ________ .A. homophonesB. homographsC.homoformsD. homogenes39. ________ is the most common cause of homophones.A. semantic divergenceB. phonetic convergenceC. shorteningD. foreign influence40. When words are involved in the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter, the words belong to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy41.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. additionC. abbreviationD. extension42.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension43.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. omissionC. abbreviationD. extension44.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension45. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?A. comparisonB. rhymeC. alliterationD. repetition46. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning47. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. grammatical meaningD. lexical meaning48. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning49._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning50. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning二、名词解释题51. proverbabsolute synonym52. function wordsonomatopoeic words53. homonymydegradation54. metaphorprefixation55. polysemyelevation of meaning三、Word-building processes56. IOC VIP fire-proof ad auto plane CIA BBC ID record-breaking raindrop newscast brunch botel motel beautility champ dorm steamboat honeybee57. sit-in TB phone shoulder-high bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom gym taxi memo vet TEFL SALT dropout setback UN OPEC crystal-clear58.round-the-clock NATO sci-fi telex proof-reader schoolboy chute bus copter PE ASEAN NASA TOEFL air-conditioning lion’s share dozer plane airtel faction lunarnaut59.sea-green flowerbed VOA bike fridge medicare Motown hi-fi tec scope quake NBC EPA UNESCO H-bomb air-tight silkworm peace-loving slimnastics docudrama60.morning person ROM CD flu brunch travelog workaholic motel telex nark pop biz math VCR sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting ABC RAM四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. First VersionEven since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.Second VersionEver since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four times a week at our little local theatre.62. First Version“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATIENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”Second Version“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”63. First VersionThen she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second VersionThen she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her that her speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.64. First VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.Second VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the other side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.65. First VersionThere was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.Second VersionThe stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in ____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.五、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1. C2. C3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. B9. D10. A11. C12. C13. C14. C15. C16. A17. C18. B19. C20. B21. D22. A23. A24. B25. D26. B27. A28. D29. D30. D31. C32. C33. B34. B35. A36. D37. C38. A39. B40. A41. C42. B43. A44. D45. D46. A47. C48. B49. C50. D二、名词解释题51. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressinga fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / The early bird catches the worm.absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.52. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t have much lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.53.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / baredegradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.e.g. genteel, terrific, accident54. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoeprefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart55. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.e.g. rich, full, getelevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd三、Word-building processes56. compounding: fire-proof record-breaking raindrop steamboat honeybee acronymy: CIA IOC VIP BBC IDclipping: ad auto champ dorm planeblending: newscast brunch botel motel beautility57. compounding: sit-in dropout setback shoulder-high crystal-clearacronymy: TB UN OPEC TEFL SALTclipping: phone gym taxi memo vetblending: bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom58. compounding: round-the-clock air-conditioning proof-reader schoolboy lion’s share acronymy: NATO PE ASEAN NASA TOEFLclipping: chute bus copter dozer planeblending: sci-fi telex airtel faction lunarnaut59. compounding: sea-green flowerbed air-tight silkworm peace-lovingacronymy: VOA NBC EPA UNESCO H-bombclipping: bike fridge tec scope quakeblending: slimnastics docudrama medicare Motown hi-fi60. compounding: morning person sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting acronymy: ROM CD VCR ABC RAMclipping: flu nark pop biz mathblending: brunch travelog workaholic motel telex四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. 1. childhood 2. act 3. prettier 4. luck 5. performances62. 1. confidence 2. ability 3. impatient 4. succeed 5. achievement63. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused 4. director 5. movement64. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful 5. slip65. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished五、简答题（略）……。

英语词汇学2010-07

2010年7月I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarily with human ______ equipment.( )A. visualB. vocalC. physicalD. mental2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.( )A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves. ( )A. TerminologyB. ArchaismsC. SlangD. Jargon4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops? ( )A. Creation.B. Semantic changes.C. Clipping.D. Borrowing.5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.( ) dinnerB. earthriseC. moon walkD. space shuttle6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _______ set. ( )A. WesternB. AfricanC. AmericanD. Northern7. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT ______.( )A. bedsB. bagsC. cheatsD. bottles8. The word "prisoner" comprises ______ morphemes. ( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.( )A. rereadB. prewarC. bloodyD. harder10. The prefix "over-" in the word "overweight" is a prefix of ______.( )A. orientation and attitudeB. degree or sizeC. time and orderD. number11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______.( )A. back-formationB. acronymyC. conversionD. clipping12. "Champagne", a common noun, comes from a ______.( )A. name of a personB. name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradename13. ______ is the relationship between language and the world. ( )A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Motivation14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its ______.( )A. formB. pronunciationC. spellingD. meaning15. The word"______"is an onomatopoetically motivated word. ( )A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. airmail16. In modern English, an overwhelming majority of words are ______.( )A. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodical17. ______, the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison. ( )A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, ______ is the strongest of all. ( )A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desire19. There are five types of meaning changes and among which ______ are the most common.( )A. degradation and elevationB. transfer and extensionC. elevation and narrowingD. extension and narrowing20. Due to ______ reason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed. ( )A. psychologicalB. historicalC. classD. linguistic21. Among the following words only ______ is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has become generalized. ( )A. journalB. wifeC. accidentD. disease22. Based on ______ context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum".( )A. grammaticalB. lexicalC. culturalD. non-linguistic23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat." is ambiguous due to ______.( )A. grammatical structureB. hyponymyC. cultural influenceD. non-linguistic context24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell." The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of _______.( )A. definitionB. synonymyC. antonymyD. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech? ( )A. Metaphor.B. Personification.C. Euphemism.D. Shortening.26. Never do things by halves is a(n) ______.( )A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in natureC. sentence idiomD. adverbial idiom in nature27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden" from the original form is ______.( )A. replacementB. position-shiftingC. additionD. shortening28. The following are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT ______.( )A. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammar codes29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983) is a(n) ______ dictionary. ( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition)(CED)(1995)? ( )A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries.B. The new edition revised some old entries.C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.D. The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.Ⅱ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10%)A B( ) 31. honeybee A. difference in application( ) 32. handy/manual B. difference in denotation( ) 33. upon C. bound morpheme( ) 34. rich/wealthy D. clipping( ) 35. medicare E. functional word( ) 36. answer/reply F content word( ) 37. flu G. compounding( ) 38. steel H. initialism( ) 39.VOA I. blending( ) 40. idealistic J. difference in connotationI]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10 % )41. ______ are newly-created words or expressions,, or words that have taken on new meanings.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a ______ language to the present analytic language.43. The morphemes can be grouped into ______ morphemes and bound morphemes.44. The prefix "un-" in the word "unwrap"is a ______ prefix.45. Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ______ meaning and associative meaning.46. Hyponymy can be described in terms of ______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates.47. In Old English, animals and their ______ share the same name.48. Structural patterns where a particular word is used is called ______ context.49. Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into ______ verbs and other verb phrases.50. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______ dictionary.IV. Define the following terms. (10% )51. bound morphemes52. affixes53. blending54. unabridged dictionary55. dismembering of idiomV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56. What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?57. How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?58. What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.59. How do you use a dictionary to the full?VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20 % )60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come your sausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? " Butcher replied: "Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. "61. Analyze and comment on the following statement.As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.。

英语2010级英语词汇学练习题(生)

Exercises of English Lexicology:A CoursebookI.Multiple Choices.(1’×10=10’)Choose the right answer in each of the following sentences and write on Answer Sheet.There is only one right answer in each question.1.is the study of the whole history of words.A.LexicologyB.EtymologyC.PhonologyD.Morphology2.are words like pronouns,prepositions,demonstrative,determiners,conjunctions, auxiliary verbs,and son on.A.Grammatical wordsB.Derivational wordsmon wordsD.Structural words3.Which is a bound morpheme in following choices?A.childB.potC.domD.bug4.Which is a free morpheme in following choices?A.ceiveB.mitC.emD.cat5.refers to the kind of meaning a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A.Conceptual meaningB.Social meaningC.Connotative meaningD.Reflected meaning6.refers to the situation in which a word has two or more different meanings.A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.InflectionD.Derivation7.The three words right,rite and write are spelt differently but pronounced the same.We call they are.A.polysemyB.homographC.homophoneD.polygraph8.English belongs to in its development.A.ItalicB.GermanicC.EuropeD.North India9.English language began from.A.43ADB.410ADC.450ADD.10th century10.in English are all suffixes that occur at the very end of a word.A.InflectionsB.DerivationspoundsD.Clippings11.A(n)does not have a head,and its meaning cannot be literally guessed from its constituent parts.A.endocentric compoundB.exocentric compoundC.copulative compoundD.appositional compound12.refers to the process of combining parts of two words to form a third word which contains some of the meaning of each part.A.ConversionB.ShorteningC.Blendingpounding13.Which one is not right in following clippings?A.deli from deliciousnessB.flu from influenzaC.plan from aeroplaneD.cause from because14.refers to the notion of inclusion whereby we can say that‘an X is a kind of Y’.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.SynonymD.Antonymy15.refers to the relationship of oppositeness of meaning between words.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.SynonymD.Antonymy16.can be seen as a phenomenon of human cognition.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.MetaphorD.Analory17.express in few words a truth which relates to everyday experience.A.ProverbsB.IdiomsC.CollocationsD.Phrases18.A dialect that is associated with a particular social group can be termed a.A.jargonB.tabooC.slangD.sociolect19.is often defined as the language peculiar to a trade,profession,or other group.A.JargonB.TabooC.SlangD.Sociolect20.Which type does not belong to meaning shifts?A.broadeningB.narrowingC.ameliorationD.projectionII.Filling the Blanks.(1’×10=10’)Fill the following blanks according to the knowledge of lexicology.Write the answers on Answer Sheet. 1.In traditional grammar,eight parts of speech are distinguished in English:noun,pronoun,adjective,verb, adverb,preposition,conjunction,and interjection.2.Words can also be classified into lexical words and grammatical words.3.Morphemes can be classified into bound morphemes and free morphemes.4.Morphemes may also be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.5.Leech(1981)distinguishes seven types of meaning in language:conceptual meaning,connotative meaning, social meaning,affective meaning,reflected meaning,collocative meaning,and thematic meaning.6.Three types of affixes are prefix,suffix and infix.7.Other types of affixes are inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.8.The four historical periods of English are Old English period,Middle English period,Early Modern English period,Modern English period.9.The differences between American English and British English are in vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation.10.According to constituent elements,compounds can be divided into four major types.They are noun compounds,verb compounds,adjective compounds and pronoun compounds.11.There are four major kinds of conversion:from noun to verb,from verb to noun,from adjective to noun and from adjective to verb.12.According to Jackson and Amvela(2000),synonymy is of two types:strict synonymy and loose synonymy.13.According to Jackson and Amvela(2000),idioms have two major features:ambiguity,and syntactic peculiarities.14.Jackson and Amvela(2000)classify multiword verbs into phrasal verbs,prepositional verbs,and phrasal-prepositional verbs.15.Since most words have more than one meaning,the definitions are usually grouped together in some order. There are three kinds of order:historical order;frequency-determined order and logical order.16.Based on media,dictionaries can be classified into electronic dictionaries and print dictionaries.17.Learner’s dictionaries are designed to serve the needs of learners whose native language is not English but who are at the intermediate or the advanced stage of language learning.18.Children’s dictionaries are intended for children who are native speakers.19.The Oxford English Dictionary is the greatest of all unabridged English dictionaries.20.Metaphor is often considered as a variation in the expression of meanings.III.True or False Questions.(1’×10=10’)Judge the following statements and mark T for right one and F or wrong one.Write the answers on Answer Sheet.()1.Semantics is defined as the study of meaning.()2.Word is used traditionally to refer to a sequence of letters bounded by time.()3.Generally speaking,lexical words are nouns,verbs,adjectives,and adverbs.()4.The relationship of reference holds between an expression and what that expression stands for on particular occasions of its utterance.()5.Social meaning refers to the kind of meaning a piece of language conveys about the naturalcircumstances of its use.()6.Affective meaning can be used to cover the attitudinal and emotional factors expressed in a word. ()7.A base consisting of a single morpheme is labeled as root.()tin is not only the first major contributor of loanwords to English,but also one of the most important sources for the coinage of new English words.()9.Inflection refers to a general grammatical process which combines words and affixes to produce alternative grammatical forms of words.()10.Affixation is the process whereby an affix is attached to a base.()11.Class-changing derivational affixes change the part of speech of the word to which they are added.()12.Class-maintaining derivational affixes change the meaning of the derivative.()pounds are stems consisting of more than one root.()14.An endocentric compound consists of a head and its modifier.()15.An exocentric compound does not have a head,and its meaning cannot be literally guessed from its constituent parts.()16.Blending often results in the creation of new morphemes or in the addition of old meanings to new ones.()17.When two words are pronounced like individual words,they are acronyms.()18.Once a metaphor becomes accepted,speakers tend to view the metaphorical meaning as separate from its peripheral meaning.()19.Analogy can be seen as a phenomenon of human cognition.()20.In English,multiword verbs are units in which the main verb occurs with one or two particles. ()21.Proverbs are short well-known statements that give practical advice about life.()22.Word choice is one of the most obvious linguistic features among registers.()23.Breaking a taboo may not result in embarrassment,shame,rudeness and even legal penalties. ()24.The most prominent characteristic of a jargon is its specialized vocabulary.()25.Metaphor is a type of figurative usage.()26.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.()27.Affective meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates the attitude of the user. ()28.Slang is often defined as the language peculiar to a trade,profession,or other group.()29.Jargon is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker’s dialect or language.()30.Ameliorations refer to the development of more favorable meaning for words.IV.Matching.(1’×20=20’)Match the following words,idioms or proverbs with the Chinese and write the answers on Answer Sheet.A.Borrowings Matching.(1’×10=10’)(1)nosher n.吃快餐的人；吃小吃的人(2)digress vi.离题，(谈话或写作中)暂时离开主题(3)imitate vt.模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制(4)peninsula n.半岛(5)vexillology n.旗帜学(6)allegory n.寓言(7)dilemma n.困境；进退两难(8)democracy n.民主，民主主义；民主政治(9)anthology n.（诗、文、曲、画等的）选集(10)zoology n.动物学；动物区系(11)boulevard n.林荫大道(12)amethyst n.紫水晶(13)ruby n.红宝石(14)duke n.公爵(15)solo n.独奏；独唱；独奏曲(16)kimono n.和服(17)chow mein n.（中国的）炒面(18)dim sum n.（中国的）点心(19)bazaar n.集市；市场；义卖市场(20)hallelujah n.赞美上帝的颂歌B.Idioms or Proverbs Matching.(1’×10=10’)(1)to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth出生在富贵人家(2)A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。

英语2010级英语词汇学练习题(生)

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