第二章 词法翻译一般技巧(1--7法)

18)一语道破
hit the nail on the head


19) 充耳不闻 20) 出人头地 21) 吹毛求疵 22) 破釜沉舟 23) 大惊小怪 24) 大海捞针 25) 颠倒黑白 26) 得意忘形 27) 攀龙附凤 28) 大发雷霆 29) 骑虎难下 30) 视而不见
委员会提出那个提案，他们就把它否 决了。
They killed the motion when it came from the committee.
5）不顾具体搭配
由于不同语言有不同的选择限制，汉英两种语言中 某些对应的词语搭配范围是不尽相同的。 首先，使用范围大小不同。 其次，可引申的程度或引申义不同。 最后，上下义词的搭配分工不同。在汉语中泛指一 般动作的动词只能与泛指一般事物的名词搭配，表 示具体动作的动词往往只能与表示具体事物的名词 搭配；英语一般不受此限制。
汉译英句子翻译实例：
41) 这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。 The economic situation in these countries is on the downgrade. 42) 为了迷人眼目，他们把自己打扮成革命者。 In order to throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries. 43) 扪心自问，他不得不承认自己是错了。 By searching his heart he could not but admit that he was in the wrong. 44) 他们个个摩拳擦掌，士气很高，准备再打一个漂亮仗。 Every one of them rolled up his sleeves for battle, high in morale and ready to win another brilliant victory. 45) 我们必须全力以赴，拿下这场球。 We must do our level best to win this game.

长镜头 long lens/zoom lens 不冻港 non-freezing port/ice-free port 隐形眼镜 invisible glasses/ contact lenses 买一赠一 Buy one, present one./ Buy one, get one free. 冷餐会 cold food get-together/ buffet meal (lunch, party, reception) 流动资金 circulating capital/ working capital
turn a deaf ear to be head and shoulders above others pick a hole in sb’s coat burn one’s boat make a fuss about look for a needle in a bundle of hay talk black into white have one’s nose in the air worship the rising sun hit the ceiling; fly into a rage hold a wolf by the ears turn a blind eye to


12)成千上万
13)水深火热 14)嗤之以鼻
thousands upon thousands of
in deep water turn up one’s nose at


15)皮包骨头
16)一触即发 17)一生一世
skin and bones
touch and go from the cradle to the grave
Break a promise
ketchup
酸奶 黄色书籍 翻天覆地 街上的女孩
Sour milk 发酸的变质的牛奶 Yellow book 黄皮书/法国政府 报告 To move heaven and earth 竭尽全力 Street girl 妓女
Yoghurt Pornography book World-shaking The girl on the street
To make a plan; to draw up a plan
搞个计划 搞特殊化 现在有很多青年人搞个体经营。 我们搞的是现代化，是中国式的现 代化。
To seek for privileges; to use one’s power to pursue personal perquisites and privileges
值得注意的是，在寻找词义相符的对应词语时，容 易找到貌似对应的假对应词语，即指称意义、言内 意义或语用意义看似与原文相符，实则相异的词语。 拳头产品 fist product/ knockout product 几种“假朋友” 1）生搬硬套字面意义所产生的“假朋友” 白菜 white cabbage/ Chinese cabbage 电杆 electrical pole/ wire pole/telegraph pole 大片 big movie/blockbuster 青春痘 youth spot/acne 蝴蝶结 bu8)畅所欲言 9)称心如意 10)了如指掌 11)混水摸鱼
cut in a joke speak one’s mind be after one’s own heart at one’s finger-tips fish in troubled waters

Many young people are now embarking in private enterprises. The modernization we are striving for is modernization of a Chinese type. We say this in good faith. We do not play petty games/tricks. Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the destiny and future of our country.
谚语：


31)三思而后行 Look before you leap. 32)趁热打铁 Make hay while the sun shines. 33)无风不起浪 There is no smoke without fire. 34)恶事传千里 Ill news travels fast. 35)熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect. 36) 欲速则不达 More haste, less speed. 37) 出门一里，不如家里East and west, home is best. 38) 拉入篮里就是菜 All is fish that comes to the net. 39) 皇天不负苦心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 40) 小巫见大巫The moon is not seen when the sun shines.
46) 照当时情况，他除了忍气吞声又能怎么办呢？ As things stood, what else could he do but swallow the insult? 47) 侵略者已经走投无路。 The invaders had come to the end of their tether. 48) 我讨厌游手好闲的人。 I dislike the people eating the bread of idleness. 49) 你为什么要引狼入室？ Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep? 50) 他是信口开河，他对经济一窍不通。 He is shooting off his mouth. He does not know the first thing of economy.
酒店
Wine shop 卖酒的商店
Hotel/restaurant
3）只对应指称意义而忽视语用意义 差异
农民 peasant /farmer 物美价廉cheap and good/ economical and good 个人主义 唯心主义 自由主义 词义的褒贬和语境
4）词汇语义范围不同而产生的假朋 友
那次错误毁掉了他的机会。 对比表明，汉语“杀”要比英语“Kill”词义范围窄， That mistake killed his chances. 一般只能用于人和动物，不能用于植物或无生命的东西；
当然也有“杀风景”，“杀威风”等用法，但不及“kill”广泛。 所以，翻译时切不可一律以kill译“杀” 他的笑话真是笑死人。 The outstanding final killed audience. Histhe joke nearly killed me.
2）只对应字面意义而忽略指称意义差别
原文 绿豆
试穿
假朋友 Green bean 青豆、嫩菜或四季 豆
To have a fit发脾气
正确译文 mung bean
To try sth. on
食言
番茄酱
Eat one’s words收回前言；道 歉
Tomato sauce 吃意大利面或披萨是用的调味 酱
我们说话算数，不搞小动作。