压电发电装置的设计

压电发电装置的设计作者姓名：XXXX

专业名称：通信工程

指导教师：XXXXX

摘要

人们自1880年发现天然石英具有压电效应以来,相继又发现并人工制造了一系列的压电材料。如某些木材、钛酸钡、铌酸锂、人造石英、高分子聚合物等。尤其近半个世纪里,压电材料的发展极为迅速,应用日益广泛。从日常生活用的压电式电子打火和厨房里的天然气炉灶压电式点火器到无线电用的压电式扬声器、耳机、乃至飞机、宇宙飞船、导弹中的振动测量传感器,都用到压电材料。但这些压电材料的机械性能比较脆,若机械加工质量不高,在装配或应用中很易破碎。而近二、三十年来在人们发现并制造出来的新型压电材料中,最引人注目的就要算高分子压电材料,如聚二氟乙烯、聚氟乙烯、锆钛酸铅、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚偏二氟乙烯、尼龙等,这些材料不像石英及压电陶瓷材料那么脆,在装配和应用中不易破碎。尤其是聚偏二氟乙烯这一类的压电材料,非常柔软,又可做得很薄,而且它具有大的动态范围,高绝缘性、高机械强度和耐冲击、抗辐射、低噪声阻抗、压电系数大等特性。因此,近年来受到人们的特别关注,应用越来越广泛。压电效应分为正压电效应和逆压电效应，本文所要研究的就是利用正压电效应制成的利用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）作为压电薄膜的压电发电装置，这种压电发电装置相对于其他微型发电装置，具有结构简单、不发热、无电磁干扰和易于实现微小化等优点，越来越受到各国研究人员的关注。本文通过对压电发电装置电学等效模型的建立与分析，利用Multisim软件对压电发电的特性（包括压电电流输出特性和电荷输出特性）、能量传输效率、提高电能的产生方法进行分析。并对功率调理电路、能量存储媒介、稳压充电电路进行了相关理论和仿真研究。具体工作如下：

首先，建立并分析压电发电的电学等效模型。

其次，借助电路仿真软件进行电路分析。研究压电振子电能不同存储媒介的可行性，利用超级电容容量大，充放电效率高的特点作为电荷的初级存储。当积累到一定量的电荷即通

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过稳压充电电路为可充电电池进行充电，电池的输出能量稳定。

最后，最后针对能量传输效率及存储问题，比较了各整流电路的特点。设计了三倍压整流电路以提高能量的传输效率。设计了稳压充电电路以实现电能的最终存储和利用。并利用仿真软件对整个系统进行了仿真。结果表明整个电路设计能够为可充电电池充电，从而实现振动能到电能的转换和利用。

关键词：PVDF压电膜压电发电装置能量存储

Abstract

Since 1880 found in natural quartz piezoelectric effect, the people, have discovered a series of piezoelectric materials and artifacts. As some synthetic quartz, barium titanate, lithium niobate, wood, polymer, etc. Nearly half a century, in particular, the extremely rapid development of piezoelectric materials, an increasingly broad application. From daily life with piezoelectric electronic spark and piezoelectric ignition on gas stoves in the kitchen to a piezoelectric speaker, radio headphones, vibration measuring sensors in aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, using Piezoelectric materials. Comparison of the mechanical properties of piezoelectric materials brittle, if the machine is not of high quality, are easily broken in the Assembly or application. And near 20 or 30 years to in people found and manufacturing out of new pressure electric material in the, most striking of is is polymer pressure electric material, as poly II fluoride vinyl, and poly fluoride vinyl, and zirconium titanium acid lead, and PVC, and poly carbonate ester, and poly partial II fluoride vinyl, and nylon,, these material does not like quartz and the pressure electric ceramic material so crisp, in Assembly and application in the not broken. Particularly poly vinylidene fluoride which kind of piezoelectric material, very soft, and can be made very thin, and it has a large dynamic range, high insulation, high mechanical strength

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and impact resistance, resistance to radiation impedance of piezoelectric coefficient, low noise characteristics. So, are of special concern in recent years, more and more widely. Piezoelectric effects are divided into direct piezoelectric effect and the inverse piezoelectric effect, to study in this article is the use being made of the piezoelectric effect of poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as piezoelectric thin-film piezoelectric generators, this piezoelectric power relative to other micro-power generation plant, has a simple structure, heat, electromagnetic interference-free and easy to realize the advantages of miniaturized, concern of researchers from more and more countries. This article through the electrical equivalent model of piezoelectric generators and analysis on pressure characteristics of electric power generation using Multisim software (including electric current output and points and output characteristics), energy efficiency, and increase power generation method for analysis. Power conditioning circuits, energy storage and media, regulated charging circuit for the related theoretical and simulation studies. The work are as follows:

First, the equivalent model establishment and analysis of piezoelectric power generating electricity.

Secondly, with the help of circuit simulation software for circuit analysis. Study the feasibility of piezoelectric vibrator different storage media, power, super large capacitance, charge on charging and discharging characteristics of high efficiency as primary storage. When accumulated to a certain amount of charge to charging by constant voltage charge circuit for rechargeable batteries, battery output energy stability.

Finally, the last for energy efficiency and storage issues, compared the characteristics of rectifier circuit. Design three times voltage multiplying rectifier circuit to improve the efficiency of energy transfer. Regulated charging circuit was designed to achieve final storage and utilization of electric energy. And simulation use

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