初中英语语法PPT课件
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初中英语零基础学语法--英语句子结构 课件(共43张PPT)
附属成分
基本成分的修饰语。可以是： • 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 • 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。
定语
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby． She likes oranges imported from the USA.
省略成分
句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示 一定的意思：
（You） Come here． （I wish you）Good luck！ Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs．
He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.
主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾 补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一 般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。
Vi（不及物动词）
主 语
谓 语
Vt（及物动词）
宾语 宾语(直) 宾语(间) 宾语 宾补
系动词
表语
be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、
初中英语语法课件ppt
vacation together.
过去将来时的使用：
一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。 would或was /were going to + V
would可用于各种人称。
二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或 if ……should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形 1.am;is ;are 2.have,has 3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s
肯定句：I watch television every day.
否定句：I don’t watch television every day.
疑问句：Do you watch television every day.
一般现在时的使用：
1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯 性的动作或状态。
It snows in winter. I watch television every day.
2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Most animals kill only for food. The world is round.
过去将来时的使用：
一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。 would或was /were going to + V
would可用于各种人称。
二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或 if ……should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形 1.am;is ;are 2.have,has 3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s
肯定句：I watch television every day.
否定句：I don’t watch television every day.
疑问句：Do you watch television every day.
一般现在时的使用：
1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯 性的动作或状态。
It snows in winter. I watch television every day.
2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Most animals kill only for food. The world is round.
初中英语语法ppt课件
04
Positions and connections
The usage of commonly used positions
At
used to indicate a specific point in time or place
In
used to indicate a period of time or a location within a larger space
Nouns that cannot be counted or have a plural form. Example: "I have some sugar in the cupboard."
The positive case of nouns
Passive nouns
Nouns that show session or ownership They are formed by adding's to the end of the noun Example: "The teacher's book"
Example
"The cat is bigger than the dog." - "bigger" is the comparative degree of the objective "big."
Formations
The comparative degree of advisors and advisors typically end with "- er" or "- ier", or can be formed by using the suffix "- er" or "- more"
初中英语语法大全精品PPT课件
多时,谓语用复数。 如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊)
There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数： 如：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)
[注解]：
① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺, 如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形 如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
Lucy’s and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽分别的卧室)
如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式, 如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式, 如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许
如： box, child, orange；
不可数名词{u} 是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如：water, news, oil, population, information .
英语可数名词的单复数
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es. 如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes,
There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数： 如：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)
[注解]：
① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺, 如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形 如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
Lucy’s and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽分别的卧室)
如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式, 如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式, 如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许
如： box, child, orange；
不可数名词{u} 是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如：water, news, oil, population, information .
英语可数名词的单复数
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es. 如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes,
初中英语语法专题课件完整版(共983张PPT)
2.不规则变化
构成方法
例词
形式不变 (单复数同形)
sheep－sheep deer－deer Chinese－Chinese Japanese－Japanese
变内部元音字母
foot－feet tooth－teeth goose－geese man－men mouse－mice
词尾加-en/-ren
a group of 一队，一组，一群
②还可用much，little，a little of，a large amount/deal of， no，plenty of等来修饰不可数名词，some，any既可修饰可数名词也可修 饰不可数名词。
much money，plenty of water a little of air some（肯定句）： some milk ，some apples any（疑/否）：Are there any stamps？I don’t have any money (5)数词-名词-形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用
普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1）个体名词：表示单个人或单个事物。 如：gun、kid 、book。 2）集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物组成的集合体。 如：family。
3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质、材料、食品、饮料、液体、气体、 金属等名称的名词，
如：pork、wood、bread、water、air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念及学科、疾病。 如：work 。Hunger、honesty 、love、Chinese、success、HIV。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。
f，fe 为v，再加 -es
shelf－shelves thief－thieves
初中英语语法ppt课件
Analysis and Application of Verb Tense and Voice
01
Verb tense and voice are important grammatical structures in English
02
Understanding verb tense and voice can help us express ideas more accurately and effectively
1
most basic usage, commonly formed by adding "- er" to the end of the objective
2
Comparative advertisements
used to describe verbs, formed by adding "- ly" to the end of the advertisement
Writing ability
Mastering grammar knowledge helps students write correct and fluent English sentences, improving their writing ability.
Reading comprehension
The Composition and Usage of Passive Voice
Passive voice is formed by using the auxiliary verb "be" and the past particle of the main verb
Passive voice can express actions that are not actively done by the subject
初级英语语法大全ppt课件
3〕集体名词，以单数方式出现，但实为复数。 如：staff people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a staff
a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，
普通名词 词
个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词
可数名词 不可数名词
1.2名词复数的规那么变化
___________________ ____________________________________
情况
构成方法 读 音
例词
________________________________________________________
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可，如： handkerchief:
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 结合国是1945年组建 起来的。
d. 以复数方式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 “The Arabian Nights〞 is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
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• A. spent B. would spent
• C. was going to spent D. would spend
• 3. —What did your son say in the letter?
•— He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next da y.
• 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
• A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't g oing to working D. won't work
• 3. He ________ very busy this week, he _____ ___ free next week.
• 5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed whi le the others ________________ (all, work) in th e fields.
过去完成时
• 构成： • had+动过去分词 • 多用于复合句中
• 用法： • 该动作发生在过去的过去
• “When ________ you __________ (have) it? ” “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”
• 2. “_______ you _______ (write) a letter to you r aunt yet?”
• “Yes, I ___________. I ________________ ( write) one last week.” 、 3. “_________ he ____ (finish) his homework? ” “Not yet.” 、 4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abr oad?” “Yes, just once.” 、 5. Your father _________ just ___________ (fini sh) his work.
• 练习题： • 1. We often__________(play) in the playgound. • 2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock. • 3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth
every morning.
现在完成时
规则变化: • 分词规则的同过去式是一样的 • 不规则变化： • 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆
• 例句： • I have been teaching for 8 years. • He has slept for two days.
• 练习题：
• 1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ? ” “Yes.”
• A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
现在完成时
• 构成： • have / hadoing
• 用法： • 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等
• 象征词： • 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever
一般将来时
• 构成： • be going to＋V原 • will / shall + V原
• 用法： • 在将来某个时间或 • 某段时要做的事
• 象征词： • tomorrow / after • next / tonight in 2010
一般将来时
不规则变化: • Go come leave stay • fly等用进行表将来
D. were; have for • 2. Could you tell me what time the plane ______? • A. left B. leaves C. leaved D. was leaving • 3. One of us ______band last month. • A. leaves B. leave C. leaved D. left
过去进行时
• 构成： • was / were +doing • 多用于复合句中
• 用法： • 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作
• 象征词： • at this time yesterday • last Sunday evening
过去进行时
规则变化: • 一般去e 双写+ing • 不规则变化： • tie die lie –变ie为y加ing
过去将来时
• 构成： • would + V 原形 • 多用宾语从句中
• 用法： • 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态
• 象征词： • He said that he… the next day .
过去将来时
• 例句： • He said that he would come here the next
• A. finished B.would finish C. had finished D. had be en finished
• I _________to help you but couldn’t get here in time.
•
• A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was w anting
初中英语语法总结
初中语法分类
• 初中语法项目分类：（共8类） • 一般分类 • 1、一般现在时 • 2、一般过去时 • 3、一般将来时 • 4、现在进行时 • 5、现在完成（进行）时 • 6、过去进行时 • 7、过去完成时 • 8、过去将来时
一般现在时
• 构成： • 动词用原形 • 三人称单数-s / es
• 练习题：
• By the end of this century, we__ ours into a strong mode rn country.
• A. will build B. had built C. have built D. will have b uilt
• We _________the work by six yesterday evening.
day .
• 练习题：
• 1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China ne xt month.
• A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D.
will be; come
• 2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
• A. will visit would visit
B. has visited
C. is going to visit D.
• 象征词： • by the time＋过去时 • when after before
过去完成时
规则变化: • 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 • 不规则变化： • 需要逐个记忆 • 详见不规则动词表
• 例句： • We had learnt 2000 words • by the end of last year.
现在进行时
规则变化: • 一般去e 双写+ing • 不规则变化： • tie die lie – • 变ie为y加ing
• 例句： • Tom is writing now . • They are lying on the bed .
• 练习题：
• 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow after noon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
• A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
现在进行时
• 构成： • be＋doing
• 用法： • 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态
• 象征词： • listen look now • all the time Don’t…
• 4. What __________(do) he usually__________ (do) after school?
• 5. Danny _________ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art an school.
一般过去时
• 构成： • 动词用过去时 • Be—was/ were
• 用法： • 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态
• 象征词： • ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等
一般过去时
• 规则变化： • 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied • 不规则变化: • go-went come-came • do-did leave-left等
• 例句： • Are you going to read ? • He is coming tomorrow .
• 练习题：
• 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow after noon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
• 用法： • 表示经常性的 • 动作或状态
• 象征词： • Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。