托福听力结构理解 TPO41-lecture1

托福听力结构理解
听力提升太难了？？？？？
今日案例分享：
学生每早会听半小时托福听力，很坚持。

但是听力分数偶尔几分，偶尔十几分。

不是说好的坚持就会有进步吗？为什么这么颠簸不前呢？一问之下：只是听，并没有懂。

如果只是听：
有的同学大约是听着听着睡着啦，听力有助于入睡；
有的同学大约是听和尚念经，叽里咕噜，并不知道在说什么；
真的很坚持，不要灰心，一年半载之后还是会有进步的，只是效率会有点低；
那么如何化坚持为快速进步呢？
答案：听多少内容就要听懂多少内容
以免浪费练习的素材
托福听力考察的能力图：
基本信息 --->直线推断--->结构理解
针对基础薄弱：
词汇不懂/找词汇
句子不懂/慢慢听/精听/打下来
内容逐渐清晰一些：
理解结构
钢筋混泥土，无结构怎么盖楼呢
每篇讲座都一定会有自己的结构
否则几分钟，600词以上的内容靠什么组合在一起给你呢
而且任何复杂的东西，理解结构，你就明白了大大半
今天以TPO41 lecture1来看看讲座的其中一种结构
听完了再来看结构哈～
FEMALE PROFESSOR:
Many organisms have developed the ability to survive in harsh environ-mental conditions—extreme heat or cold, or, very dry conditions.... Like, plants in the desert—your textbook doesn’t have much about the specif-ics on desert plants, but I think that desert plants are great examples of specialized adaptations to extreme environmental conditions.
So with desert plants, there are basically three different adaptive strate-gies. And I should point out that these strategies are not specific to any particular species—many different species have developed each of the adaptations.
So, first off, there are succulent plants.
There are many different species of succulent plants, but they all can absorb and store a lot of water. Obviously, opportunities to get water in the desert are few and far between. Generally, rains are light and short, so the rain doesn’t seep too far down into the soil… and there's a limited window of time for any plant to get the water before it evaporates.
But succulent plants have a spread-out and shallow root system that can quickly pull in water from the top inch of soil, though the soil has to be
saturated, since succulents aren't good at absorbing water from soil that’s only a little moist.
Succulent plants also are well suited to retaining water—important in an environment where rainy days are rare. Succulent plants can store water in their leaves, in their stems, or in their roots.
And to keep that moisture from evaporating in the hot desert sun, most succulent plants have a waxy outer layer that makes them almost water-proof when their stomates are closed.
They also preserve water by minimizing their surface area—the more of the plant that’s out in the sun, the more potential there is to lose stored-up water—and that means that most succulent plants have few, if any, leaves.
Now besides succulent plants, there are also drought-tolerant plants. Drought-tolerant plants are like bears in a way. You know how bears mostly sleep through the winter? They can survive without eating be-cause their metabolism slows down. Well, drought-tolerant plants also go into a dormant state when resources—in their case, water—runs short. A drought-tolerant plant can actually dry out without dying.
I said before that most desert rains are light and brief, but occasionally there's a heavy one. Drought-tolerant plants revive after one of these significant rainfalls—and they're able to absorb a good bit of the rainfall due to their deep roots. Actually the root system for drought-tolerant plants is more extensive than the root systems of many plants that live in wetter climates. Drought-tolerant plants can even absorb water from rel-atively dry soil because of their deep roots, in contrast to succulent plants.
The third adaptive strategy is to avoid the drought conditions altogether. Yes, there are plants that do this —annual plants.
An annual plant will mature and produce seeds in a single season that will become the next generation of annual plants. In desert conditions, annual plants grow in the fall or spring to avoid the heat of summer and the cold of winter. Of course, these plants could face a serious problem
if a particular fall or spring happened to be very dry—they would have difficulty growing and could die before producing seeds.
But they have a mechanism to prevent one year of low rainfall from wip-ing them out. Not all seeds an annual plant puts out will grow the follow-ing year. Some seeds remain dormant in the ground for several years. It's a type of insurance that protects the annual plants from a season of poor growing conditions, of unfavorable weather.
波浪线已经标出文章的结构
衔接句式和用词
你发现了吗？
原来和综合写作结构一样
你听出来了吗？
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