Love Is a Fallacy 正式(学生的问题)
爱情是个谬误(Love is a fallacy)
我是那种很酷而且很有头脑的人。
深谋远虑、独具慧眼----把这些都加到我身上一点不过分。
我的大脑像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锐利。
我只有18岁。
这么年轻就有这么发达的大脑可不是一件常见的事。
比如说，和我同在明尼苏达大学的室友皮特·巴特就笨如蠢驴。
他是那种好小伙子，但仅此而已。
他是那种感情用事，喜怒无常，没有主见的家伙，更糟的是，他狂热地赶时髦。
我认为时髦最不值一提的东西。
投身于每一次如潮水般涌来的狂热，没有别的原因，只是因为别人都这样盲目地随波逐流对我来说是极其癫狂的。
一天下午，我发现巴特躺在床上，表情极其痛苦，“熊皮。
”他还口齿不清地嘟囔着。
“熊皮？”我有些诧异。
“我要一件熊皮大衣。
”他哀号着说。
我这才明白他并不是有病：“你为什么要熊皮大衣”“我早应该想到熊皮大衣会再次流行，”他大叫起来，“哎，我真笨，我把钱全花在了课本上，现在我买不起熊皮大衣了。
”“你是说现在又流行熊皮大衣了”我有些疑惑。
“学校里的那帮大虫都穿熊皮大衣。
你近来都去哪儿了”“图书馆。
”我说。
自然，那帮大虫是很少去图书馆的。
他从床上一跃而起，“我一定要搞到一件熊皮大衣！“他神情激动地说。
“巴特，理智点儿。
熊皮大衣有碍健康，它会脱毛，而且散发臭味，再说穿起来也太沉。
况且它也不好看。
它还----”“你不懂，”他不耐烦地打断我，“这正是它的魅力所在。
难道你不想赶时髦吗”“不想。
”我承认。
“但是，我想，”他说，“我愿为得到一件熊皮大衣付出一切，一切。
”我的脑袋，这台精密仪器，顿时高速转了起来。
“一切”我死死地盯着他问。
我托着下巴深思起来。
太巧了，我知道在哪里可以搞到一件熊皮大衣。
我父亲上大学的时候就有一件，更巧的是，巴特有我所想要的东西。
确切地说，他至少有优先权。
我是指他的女朋友，普莉·艾斯碧。
我对普莉·艾斯碧垂涎已久。
必须说明的是，我对她的爱慕绝不是朝三暮四的。
她确实是那种很有魅力的姑娘，但是我可不那种让理智被感情玩弄的人。
love is a falacy详解
hollow-eyed: ad. having deep-set eyes or dark areas under the eyes, as from sickness, mental suffering or fatigue hulk: n. a heavy, awkward person 笨重的东西/人； 庞然大物 say that you will go steady with me: Promise to be my sweetheart. Promise to go out with me only and no other. I will wander…hulk: Hyperbole. Worn, wearied and dragging my feet, I’ll roam disconsolately all over the world like a hollow-eyed wreck.
The dear child…lessons well: This selfconceited and arrogant freshman adopts a very patronizing attitude towards Polly. This dear little girl has learnt very well what I taught her. patting…manner: His patronizing not only in speech and tone but also in action. He patted her hand in such a way as to show that he was trying to put up with something he did not especially like.
Quiz of L4 Love is a Fallacy(ADE-II)
ADE II Lesson 4 Love Is a FallacyExercise OneDirections : Choose the closest explanation out of the given items A.B.C.D. according to the underlined part in each of the following sentences.1. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.A. energetic; a long time; set…freeB. popular; holidays; improvedC. exciting; a long time; effectedD. major; holidays; restricted2. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.A. resetsB. is full of dangerC. revisesD. braves the danger of3. Indeed, ―informal‖may not be quite the right word to describe this essay; ―limp‖or ―flaccid‖ or possibly ―spongy‖ are perhaps more appropriate.A. with no energy; sluggishB. soft; flexibleC. flexible; firmD. strong; stout4. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from beinga dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.A. learned; burnB. intelligent; harmC. bookish; emotional woundD. trained; bruise5. Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute---I was all of these.A. clever; slow; generousB. playful; hot-tempered; strong-mindedC. cynical; quick; slyD. clear-sighted; sensitive; shrewd6. To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it---this, to me, is the acme of mindlessness.A. fad; stupidity; summitB. favor; foolishness; extremeC. clamor; sense; factD. trend; folly; chase7. ―Can you mean.‖I said incredulously, ―that people are actually wearing raccoon coat again?‖A. earnestlyB. with disbeliefC. expresslyD. positively8. ―Petey, why? Look at it rationally. Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. They smell bad. They weight too much. They’re unsightly. They---‖A. dirtyB. furryC. filthyD. smelly9. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ―Anything?‖ I asked, looking at him narrowly.A. with great interestB. attentivelyC. closelyD. sharply10. I had long coveted Polly Espy.A. have a blameworthy desire forB. admired wholeheartedlyC. eagerly favoredD. practically helped11. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason.A. dully; emotionalB. intelligently; rationalC. cleverly; clearlyD. singularly; full12. At table her manners were exquisite.A. marvelousB. favoredC. delicateD. standard13. Intelligent she was not. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.A. swirledB. ranC. slantedD. turned14. I threw open the suitcase and revealed the huge, hairy, gamy object that my father had worn in his Stutz Bearcat in 1925.A. monstrousB. ill-smellingC. marvelousD. smart15. ―Y our girl,‖ I said, mincing no words.A. saying directlyB. saying politelyC. saying loudlyD. saying mildly16. ―It’s just been a casual kick---just a few laughs, that’s all.‖A. It has been a steady friendshipB. It has been the occasional pleasureC. It has been a close relationshipD. It has been a plain relationship17. He complied. The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops.A. followedB. resistedC. claimedD. agreed18. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly.A. the place for lovers to meet in agreementB. the party for people to have a chat while drinkingC. the site for a social danceD. a park for rest19. I winced, but went bravely on.A. felt a bit sacredB. felt terrifiedC. felt uncertainD. felt distressed20. I hid my exasperation.A. excitementB. admirationC. timidnessD. annoyance21. I was getting nowhere with this girl, absolutely nowhere.A. I appreciated this girl so muchB. I had no way to get any progress with this girlC. I had no way to explain myself to this girlD. I hated this girl for she was a nut.22. ―Y es, Let’s,‖ she chirped, blinking her eyes happily.A. voiced in a high-pitched soundB. reacted happily as a birdC. made noisy utterance like a birdD. cleared her throat in a loud voice23 I went glumly to my room.A. with great angerB. with sorrowC. in delightD. gloomy24. ―Did you see the movie? Oh, it just knocked me out. That Walter Pidgeon is so dreamy. I mean he fractures me.‖A. made me dizzy; perfect; depressed meB. drew all my attention; excellent; stunned meC. greatly moved by; wonderful; filled me with admirationD. lured me to tear; poor; made me disappointed25. My opponent is a notorious liarA. terribleB. infamousC. habitualD. poor26. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. …A. destroyedB. spread rumor ofC. decriedD. condemned27. Over and over and over again I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let–up.A. kept stressing and emphasizing without any relaxationB. kept repeating without stopC. kept claiming that fallacies were very difficult to understandD. kept giving examples one after another28. She was a fit wife for me, a proper hostess for my many mamsions, a suitable mother for my well-heeled children.A. household work; cleverB. lawyer tasks; well-educatedC. large and stately houses; richD. friends; lovely29. ―Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellation of outer space.A. groups of starsB. starsC. mysterious galaxyD. goddessesExercise 2Directions: Write out the original word or phrase according to the underlined part in each of the following sentence. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but empty-headed.2. Worst of all, a man crazy in a fashion.3. Fads, I consider, are the very negation of reason.4. ―Raccoon,‖ he mumbled indistinctly.5. It so happened that I knew where to do something helpful for a raccoon coat.6. Beautiful she was. She was not yet of those pretty girls who have their large photos pinned on the as models.7. but I felt sure that time would supply the lack. She had the good foundations for a perfect wife of me.8. But I believed that under my guidance she would become intelligent.9. ―Do you,‖ I asked, ―have any kind of promise being engaged with her? I mean are you going stead y or anything like that?‖10. ―Nothing, nothing,‖ I said calmly, and took my suitcase out of the closet.11. ―Holy Toledo!‖ said Petey with great respect.12. Then a cautious and alert look came into his eyes. ―What do you want for it?‖13. I went back to my room with depression.14. It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the facts readily available.15. We’ll have another time for fallacies tomorrow night.‖Exercise 3Directions : Paraphrase the following sentences and, if necassary, give a brief account of their contextual meaning.1. Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute---I was all of these. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.2. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason.3. She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding.4. He was a torn man.5. I had my first date with Polly the following evening. This was in the nature of a survey;6. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.7. Nor would it be enough merely to supply her with information.8. and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. 9. It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl. 10. With an immense effort of will, I modulated my voice.Exercise 4Directions: Identify the rhetorical methods used in each of the following sentences. Write down its appellation and its suggestive meaning on your Answer Sheet.1. It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin?2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating asa scalpel. And---think of it! ---I was only eighteen.3. Take, for example, Petey Burch, my roommate at the University of Minnesota. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox.4. ―Raccoon?‖ I said, pausing in my flight.5. ―Petey, why? Look at it rationally. Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. They smellbad. They weight too much. They’re unsightly. They---‖6. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ―Anything?‖ I asked, looking at him narrowly.7. He plunged his hands into the raccoon coat and then his face. :Holy Toledo!‖ he repeated fifteen or twenty times.8. ―Polly?‖ he said in a horrified whisper. ―Y ou want Polly?‖9. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window.10. Then he turned away and set his jaw resolutely. Then he looked back at the coat, with even more longing in his face. Then he turned away, but with not so much resolution this time.11. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning, Finally he didn’tturn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat.12. She scratched her pretty, empty head. ―I’m all confused,‖ she admitted.13. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force.14. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.15. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation.16. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guide them during a trial, carpenters have blueprints to guide them when they are building a house.17. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.18. It was like digging a tunnel. At first everything was work, sweat, and darkness. I had noidea when I would reach the light, or even if I would. But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright.19. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine.20. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein，and my monster had me by the throat.21. I learped to my feet, bellowing like a bull.22. Look at Petey---a knothead, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Exercise 5Directions: Answer the following questions according to what you have learned in Lesson Three. Give a brief account about the style and language characters according to the questions.1. Tell briefly the story and air your own view about the love or ―love‖ between the threeuniversity students.2. Tell the style characteristic and the tone the author employed in the narration of the story.ADE II Lesson 4 Love Is a FallacyExercise OneDirections : Choose the closest explanation out of the given items A.B.C.D. according to the underlined part in each of the following sentences.1. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.A. energetic; a long time; set…freeB. popular; holidays; improvedC. exciting; a long time; effectedD. major; holidays; restricted2. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.A. resetsB. is full of dangerC. revisesD. braves the danger of3. Indeed, ―informal‖may not be quite the right word to describe this essay; ―limp‖or ―flaccid‖ or possibly ―spongy‖ are perhaps more appropriate.A. with no energy; sluggishB. soft; flexibleC. flexible; firmD. strong; stout4. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from beinga dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. A. learned; burn B. intelligent; harmC. bookish; emotional woundD. trained; bruise5. Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute---I was all of these.A. clever; slow; generousB. playful; hot-tempered; strong-mindedC. cynical; quick; slyD. clear-sighted; sensitive; shrewd6. To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it---this, to me, is the acme of mindlessness.A. fad; stupidity; summitB. favor; foolishness; extremeC. clamor; sense; factD. trend; folly; chase8. ―Can you mean.‖I said incredulously, ―that people are actually wearing raccoon coat again?‖A. earnestlyB. with disbeliefC. expresslyD. positively9. ―Petey, why? Look at it rationally. Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. They smell bad. They weight too much. They’re unsightly. They---‖A. dirtyB. furryC. filthyD. smelly10. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ―Anything?‖ I asked, looking at him narrowly.A. with great interestB. attentivelyC. closelyD. sharply11. I had long coveted Polly Espy.A. have a blameworthy desire forB. admired wholeheartedlyC. eagerly favoredD. practically helped12. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason.A. dully; emotionalB. intelligently; rationalC. cleverly; clearlyD. singularly; full13. At table her manners were exquisite.A. marvelousB. favoredC. delicateD. standard14. Intelligent she was not. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.A. swirledB. ranC. slantedD. turned15. I threw open the suitcase and revealed the huge, hairy, gamy object that my father had worn in his Stutz Bearcat in 1925.A. monstrousB. ill-smellingC. marvelousD. smart16. ―Y our girl,‖ I said, mincing no words.A. saying directlyB. saying politelyC. saying loudlyD. saying mildly17. ―It’s just been a casual kick---just a few laughs, that’s all.‖A. It has been a steady friendshipB. It has been the occasional pleasureC. It has been a close relationshipD. It has been a plain relationship18. He complied. The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops.A. followedB. resistedC. claimedD. agreed19. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly.A. the place for lovers to meet in agreementB. the party for people to have a chat while drinkingC. the site for a social danceD. a park for rest20. I winced, but went bravely on.A. felt a bit sacredB. felt terrifiedC. felt uncertainD. felt distressed21. I hid my exasperation.A. excitementB. admirationC. timidnessD. annoyance22. I was getting nowhere with this girl, absolutely nowhere.A. I appreciated this girl so muchB. I had no way to get any progress with this girlC. I had no way to explain myself to this girlD. I hated this girl for she was a nut.23. ―Y es, Let’s,‖ she chirped, blinking her eyes happily.A. voiced in a high-pitched soundB. reacted happily as a birdC. made noisy utterance like a birdD. cleared her throat in a loud voice24. I went glumly to my room.A. with great angerB. with sorrowC. in delightD. gloomy25. ―Did you see the movie? Oh, it just knocked me out. That Walter Pidgeon is so dreamy. I mean he fractures me.‖A. made me dizzy; perfect; depressed meB. drew all my attention; excellent; stunned meC. greatly moved by; wonderful; filled me with admirationD. lured me to tear; poor; made me disappointed26. My opponent is a notorious liarA. terribleB. infamousC. habitualD. poor27. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. …A. destroyedB. spread rumor ofC. decriedD. condemned28. Over and over and over again I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let–up.A. kept stressing and emphasizing without any relaxationB. kept repeating without stopC. kept claiming that fallacies were very difficult to understandD. kept giving examples one after another29. She was a fit wife for me, a proper hostess for my many mamsions, a suitable mother for my well-heeled children.A. household work; cleverB. lawyer tasks; well-educatedC. large and stately houses; richD. friends; lovely30. ―Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellation of outer space.A. groups of starsB. starsC. mysterious galaxyD. goddessesExercise 2Directions: Write out the original word or phrase according to the underlined part in each of the following sentence. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but empty-headed. (but nothing upstairs)2. Worst of all, a man crazy in a fashion. (faddist)3. Fads, I consider, are the very negation of reason. (submit)4. ―Raccoon,‖ he mumbled indistinctly. (thickly)5. It so happened that I knew where to do something helpful for a raccoon coat. (to get my hands on)6. Beautiful she was. She was not yet of those pretty girls who have their large photos pinned on the as models. (pin-up proportions)7. but I felt sure that time would supply the lack. She had the good foundations for a perfect wife of me. (She already had the makings.)8. But I believed that under my guidance she would become intelligent. (smarten up)9. ―Do you,‖ I asked, ―have any kind of promise being engaged with her? I mean are you going steady or anything like that?‖(formal arrangement with her?)10. ―Nothing, nothing,‖ I said calmly, and took my suitcase out of the closet. (innocently)11. ―Holy Toledo!‖ said Petey with great respect. (reverently)12. Then a cautious and alert look came into his eyes. ―What do you want for it?‖ (canny)13. I went back to my room with depression. (with a heavy heart)14. It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the facts readily available. (at my finger tips)15. We’ll have another time for fallacies tomorrow night.‖(another session)Exercise 3Directions : Paraphrase the following sentences and, if necassary, give a brief account of their contextual meaning.1. Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute---I was all ofthese. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (I was also keen, crafty, clear-sighted, sensitive, and shrewd. Dobie boasts to show he was a distinguish young man from others, especially his roommate Petey.)2. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason. (The reason I wanted Polly is completely practical and rational, having nothing to do with emotion. It was in accordance with what he declared about himself.)3. She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding. (she walked with her head and body erect and moved in a natural and dignified manner—all these show that she received a good family education and had a fair social behavior.)4. He was a torn man. (Petey was a man agitated and tortured by hesitation, never knew what was the right thing to do.)5. I had my first date with Polly the following evening. This was in the nature of a survey; ( The first date was not emotional but rational, only to see whether Polley fitted him or not. )6. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task. (I found I had to do a lot of work for Polley to become an intelligent girl. She had much less knowledge than he expected.)7. Nor would it be enough merely to supply her with information. (What I would do for Polley was not only to tell her some information.)8. and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. (I intended to give Pettey back to Petey, for he thought that Polley was not suitable as his future wife. Dobie totally regarded Polly a thing, an exchanged piece for the recoon coat. He never knew what love was for, though he boasted himself as a clever man.)9. It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl. (If you thought I did not love Polley you were wrong. When he saw his endeavor realized Dobie, a dissembler, had eaten up his original words. )10. With an immense effort of will, I modulated my voice. (I adjusted my voice with all my efforts. Dobie was irritated, for Polley, the quick learner, refuted him tit for tat. )Exercise 4Directions: Identify the rhetorical methods used in each of the following sentences. Write down its appellation and its suggestive meaning on your Answer Sheet.1. It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? (Rhetorical question)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating asa scalpel. And---think of it! ---I was only eighteen. (Simile)3. Take, for example, Petey Burch, my roommate at the University of Minnesota. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Simile)4. ―Raccoon?‖ I said, pausing in my flight. (hyperbole)5. ―Petey, why? Look at it rationally. Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. They smellbad. They weight too much. They’re unsightly. They---‖(parallelism)6. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ―Anything?‖ I asked, looking at him narrowly. (Metaphor)7. He plunged his hands into the raccoon coat and then his face. :Holy Toledo!‖ he repeated fifteen or twenty times. (Hyperbole)8. ―Polly?‖ he said in a horrified whisper. ―Y ou want Polly?‖(Transferred epithet)9. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (Metaphor)10. Then he turned away and set his jaw resolutely. Then he looked back at the coat, with even more longing in his face. Then he turned away, but with not so much resolution this time. (parelleism)11. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning, Finally he didn’tturn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Antithesis)12. She scratched her pretty, empty head. ―I’m all confused,‖ she admitted. (pun)13. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Antithesis)14. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.15. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (Metonymy)16. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guide them during a trial, carpenters have blueprints to guide them when they are building a house. (Parallelism)17. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Synecdoche)18. It was like digging a tunnel. At first everything was work, sweat, and darkness. I had no idea when I would reach the light, or even if I would. But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. (Analogy)19. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Simile)20. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein，and my monster had me by the throat. (Metaphor)21. I learped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Simile)22. Look at Petey---a knothead, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from. (Metaphor)Exercise 5Directions: Answer the following questions according to what you have learned in Lesson Three. Give a brief account about the style and language characters according to the questions.1. Tell briefly the story and air your own view about the love or ―love‖ between the threeuniversity students.Dobie, a self-conceited university student, thought that Pe tey’s girl friend, Polly, is a ‖beautiful but dumb girl‖, and with his re-education she would be his suitable wife of a future lawyer. He made a deal with Petey by giving him a raccoon coat and let him retreat from the ―field‖. He began his closed-knitted plan by teaching Polly logical lessons in order to improve her intelligence. He cherishes a hope like Pygmalion who paid labor and was rewarded with a full satisfaction. The end of his arduousness, however, is a backfire that the girl fights back him with what he taught her. The only reason is that her boyfriend Petey has a raccoon coat while he doesn’t.Dobie’s ―love‖ is, instead of romantic, so rational and practical. When so much logic is put into love it is doomed to be a failure, for love is a fallacy.2. Tell the style characteristic and the tone the author employed in the narration of the story.As a short story, the text has the following characteristics:1) use of rhetorical devices, 2) racy dialogues full of American colloquialism and slang, 3) ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator and the infra clipped vulgar forms, 4) the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes to increase the speed of the narration.。
love is a fallacy 爱情是谬误
在进入今天主题，讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在，而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的，当然同时，你也可以提升自己的英文。
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly 只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
love-is-a-fallacy-爱情是谬误培训讲学
在进入今天主题，讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在，而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的，当然同时，你也可以提升自己的英文。
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly 只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
(完整word版)高级英语第二册第五单元love is a fallacy课文翻译
第五单元课文翻译爱情就是谬误马克斯·舒尔曼1）．查尔斯·兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子)无拘无束、自由奔放，实在令人难忘。
下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放。
实际上，用“自由奔放”的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切，或许用“柔软”、“轻松”或“轻软而富有弹性”更为恰如其分。
2）．尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类，但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文。
它提出了论点，引用了许多例证，并得出了结论。
卡莱尔能写得更好吗? 罗斯金呢?3）．这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味，而且活泼、清新、富于美感和激情，并给人以启迪。
诸位不妨一读o——作者注1．我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。
敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智——这些就是我的特点。
我的大脑像发电机一样发达，像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。
——你知道吗?我才十八岁呀。
2．年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。
就拿在明尼苏达大学跟我同住一个房间的皮蒂·伯奇来说吧，他跟我年龄相仿，经历一样，可他笨得像头驴。
小伙子长得年轻漂亮，可惜脑子里却空空如也。
他易于激动，情绪反复无常，容易受别人的影响。
最糟的是他爱赶时髦。
我认为，赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现。
见到一种新鲜的东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那么干，自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来，简直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。
3．一天下午，我看见皮蒂躺在床上，脸上显露出一种痛苦不堪的表情，我立刻断定他是得了阑尾炎。
“别动,”我说，“别吃泻药，我就请医生来。
”4．“浣熊，”他咕哝着说。
5．“浣熊?”我停下来问道。
6．“我要一件浣熊皮大衣，”他痛苦地哭叫着。
7．我明白了，他不是身体不舒服，而是精神上不太正常。
“你为什么要浣熊皮大衣?”8．“我本早该知道，”他哭叫着，用拳头捶打着太阳穴，“我早该知道查尔斯登舞再度流行时，浣熊皮大衣也会时兴起来的。
我真傻，钱都买了课本，可现在不能买浣熊皮大衣了。
Love Is a Fallacy 正式(学生的问题)
/v_show/id_XMzI4OTIxNDQ=.html（这是6-59段的performance，可作参考）If to give an individual definition to love, what will your definition be?Love is ___________________. 每位学生想出一个词。
上课提问。
Practicing (Appreciation of logic fallacies)In this story, there are many logical terms and examples about these terms which are given by the narrator in correspondence. You have previewed the story. Can you list all of them?Analyze the following fallacies with the help of the text.Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)Hasty Generalization(草率结论, 不完全归纳)Post Hoc (牵强附会, 假性因果)Contradictory Premises (矛盾前提, 二立背反，大前提有毛病Ad Misericordiam：拉丁文，意思为诉诸同情文不对题(a Latin phrase meaning "to pity" ; a fallacy in logic of appealing to pity or compassion. )False Analogy (错误类比)Hypothesis Contrary to Fact (与事实相反的假设)Poisoning the Well (投毒下井)1. Dog is a pet. Everyone likes it.2. I haven’t seen a UFO; Jason hasn’t either; Ms Yan hasn’t probably; so no UFO at all.3. Don’t sing this song. Every time you sing this song, the baby gets sick.4. This is the mightiest sword which is able to shatter any shield, and that is the most indestructible shield which is capable of enduring any stroke.5. “He was late to the class today.” “Because he was scolded by his mother yesterday.”6. Since we have moon cakes in the Moon Festival, why don’t we have spring cakes in the Spring Festival?7. If the gunpowder hadn’t been invented, there wouldn’t have been so many wars in the world.8. Don’t listen to any word from him, for he is most shameful cheating around the world.Please match the terms with those examples which will help you to understand how does the plot develop in the whole text. （study group）What are the characteristics of the title?What kind of genre the text belong to? Argumentation\narration\exposition\description?Elements of a storySetting:Conflict: fallacy & LoveCharacters:Protagonist:Antagonist:Point of view:Ⅴ. detailed studyPara 41.who is the protagonist? What is the name?How did the narrator describe himself? Notice the way he introduced himself What is the function of this exaggerated self-praise?1) Cool was I and logical. (what kind of sentence structure?)2) Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute-- I was all of these. Give the English meaning and make sentences.What is the rhetorical device in the following comparison?His brain –1. dynamo -- powerful2. a chemist's scales--- precise, accurate3. scalpel -- penetrating3. What's the purpose of the author to tell the characteristics of '' I '' at the beginning?p5-21 introduction of the first antagonist -- Petey BurchHow does the narrator evaluate Petey? What kind of personality does that show? Please pick out words or phrases to describe Petey.Para.5Please complete the following three sentences.1) Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (give us the whole sentence)2) A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.3) Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist.2. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. (paraphrase)Study paras 25,26,27How does the writer evaluate the girl?But what is his standard for choosing his spouse(配偶)?How did he see marriage?Discussion: 1. What is your view on marriage?2. What are your standards for choosing your spouse?。
love-is-a-fallacy-爱情是谬误
在进入今天主题，讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在，而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的，当然同时，你也可以提升自己的英文。
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
爱情是个谬误(Love is a fallacy)
我是那种很酷而且很有头脑的人。
深谋远虑、独具慧眼----把这些都加到我身上一点不过分。
我的大脑像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锐利。
我只有18岁。
这么年轻就有这么发达的大脑可不是一件常见的事。
比如说，和我同在明尼苏达大学的室友皮特·巴特就笨如蠢驴。
他是那种好小伙子，但仅此而已。
他是那种感情用事，喜怒无常，没有主见的家伙，更糟的是，他狂热地赶时髦。
我认为时髦最不值一提的东西。
投身于每一次如潮水般涌来的狂热，没有别的原因，只是因为别人都这样盲目地随波逐流对我来说是极其癫狂的。
一天下午，我发现巴特躺在床上，表情极其痛苦，“熊皮。
”他还口齿不清地嘟囔着。
“熊皮？”我有些诧异。
“我要一件熊皮大衣。
”他哀号着说。
我这才明白他并不是有病：“你为什么要熊皮大衣”“我早应该想到熊皮大衣会再次流行，”他大叫起来，“哎，我真笨，我把钱全花在了课本上，现在我买不起熊皮大衣了。
”“你是说现在又流行熊皮大衣了”我有些疑惑。
“学校里的那帮大虫都穿熊皮大衣。
你近来都去哪儿了”“图书馆。
”我说。
自然，那帮大虫是很少去图书馆的。
他从床上一跃而起，“我一定要搞到一件熊皮大衣！“他神情激动地说。
“巴特，理智点儿。
熊皮大衣有碍健康，它会脱毛，而且散发臭味，再说穿起来也太沉。
况且它也不好看。
它还----”“你不懂，”他不耐烦地打断我，“这正是它的魅力所在。
难道你不想赶时髦吗”“不想。
”我承认。
“但是，我想，”他说，“我愿为得到一件熊皮大衣付出一切，一切。
”我的脑袋，这台精密仪器，顿时高速转了起来。
“一切”我死死地盯着他问。
我托着下巴深思起来。
太巧了，我知道在哪里可以搞到一件熊皮大衣。
我父亲上大学的时候就有一件，更巧的是，巴特有我所想要的东西。
确切地说，他至少有优先权。
我是指他的女朋友，普莉·艾斯碧。
我对普莉·艾斯碧垂涎已久。
必须说明的是，我对她的爱慕绝不是朝三暮四的。
她确实是那种很有魅力的姑娘，但是我可不那种让理智被感情玩弄的人。
高级英语2loveisafallacy中英译文
高级英语2l o v e i s a f a l l a c y中英译文(总16页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute—I was all of these. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And—think of it!—I only eighteen.我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。
敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是我的特点。
我的大脑像发电机一样发达，像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。
一一你知道吗我才十八岁呀。
It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, f or example, Petey Bellows, my roommate at the university. Same age, s ame background, but dumb as an ox. A nice enough fellow, you understa nd, but nothing upstairs. Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. W orst of all, a faddist. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reas on. To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender oneself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it—this, to m e, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey.年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。
Quiz 4-Love is a fallacy ss
I. Choose the one which is equal to the word given blow.1. fallacyA. religious beliefB. false beliefC. commitmentD. fraud2. enterprisingA. initiativeB. commercialC. business-likeD. busy3.limpA. stiffB. rigidC. poorD. drooping4. flaccidA. firmB. resilientC. flabbyD. soft5.pedanticA. scholasticB. carelessC. thoroughD. peaceful6. perspicaciousA. undeterminedB. flagitiousC. discerningD. prestigious7.traumaA. psychological problemB. emotional shockC. mental pleasureD. internal reflection8. astuteA. sluggishB. slowC. stupidD. smart9. contriteA. feel regrettedB. feel angryC. feel sadD. feel helpless10. shedA. pull legB. litter trashC. lose hairD. take shelter11. desistA. ceaseB. insistC. castrateD. integrate12. exasperationA. hungerB. angerC. sympathyD. indifference13. waifA. smugglerB. musicianC. homeless childD. mafia14.infamyA. being famousB. being infamousC. being honestD. being dishonest15. contrite错误!未找到引用源。
Love is a Fallac1额
Love is a Fallacy：A Test-yourself Paper（参考答案附后）I. Words and expressions (20%)1. fallacyA. religious beliefB. false beliefC. bankruptcyD. dropping2. incredulousA. unbelievingB. increasingC. industriousD. unimproved3.scalpelA. a carpetB. a piece of breadC. a small, light knifeD. a rising market4.perspicaciousA. determinateB. flagitiousC. prestigiousD. discerning5.traumaA. emotional shockB. mental workC. the state of not having enoughD. a reinforced structure for observers6.shedA. take shelterB. prevert fromC. lose hairD. keep company with7.pedanticA. of a person who likes musicB. of a person who pays attention to unimportant newsC. of a person who stresses on sportsD. of a person who emphasizes trivial points of learning8.desistA. insist onB. ceaseC. heckleD. castrate9.proportionsA. propertyB. portionsC. massagesD. dimensions10.waifA. homeless childB. wandering musicianC. countrymanD. smuggler11.perspirationA. convincingB. encouragingC. pledgingD. sweating12. blubberA. speak quicklyB. talk repeatedlyC. say with sobsD. say with hiccups13. modulateA. make achange in the toneB. cause to do or believe sthC. make or become softD. change the place or position14.infamyA. being famous forB. being shamefulC. being honestD. being refused15.contriteA. sadB. honestC. penitentD. overjoyed16.waxA. grow bigger or greaterB. become less or smallerC. drop heavilyD. cover with thick coating17.acmeA. large group of plantsB. highest pointC. sharp crisisD. highest mountain peak18.veerA. move forwardB. look sidewaysC. change directionsD. pour out19.exultantA. triumphantB. foreignC. exhaustedD. overflowing20.unsightlyA. invisibleB. uglyC. precipitateD. provisional21.testyA. examiningB. provingC. impatientD. judging22.fractureA. breakB. combineC. disagreeD. repeat23.tugA. pullB. pushC. placeD. fix24.covetA. surroundB. coverC. avoidD. desire25.grullingA. complainingB. moaningC. tiringD. unwilling26.minceA. decreaseB. minimizeC. increaseD. euphemize27.clapA. strikeB. walkC. fall downD. climb up28.winceA. push forwardB. draw backC. incise upD. draw out29.qualifyA. equalB. proposeC. restrictD. count30.chinkA. a precise pieceB. a small pieceC. a big valleyD. a narrow opening31.shambleA. walk in an awkward wayB. tremble terriblyC. close in mild wayD. shine brightly32.contriteA. permitting easilyB. seeing clearlyC. feeling regretD. looking worried33.chirpA. a long loud soundB. a short low-pitched soundC. a low murmuring soundD. a short,high-pitched sound34.contradictA. take outB. be contrary toC. withdrawD. be relevant to35.immovableA. permanentB. quickC. immediateD. cold36.penetrateA. spreadB. pierceC. take partD. formulate37.specificationA. a blank or empty areaB. a detailed, exact statement of particularsC. a partial excuseD. the evolutionary formation of new biological species38.scrapA. special placeB. particular areaC. small pieceD. unseen item39.tremendousA. uniqueB. genuineC. unexpectedD. enormous40.clutchA. grasp tightlyB. hang looselyC. touch softlyD. hold lightlyII. Completion, according to the definition, of words each, the first letter of which is given (22%)1.to become less or weaker w2.juice which comes from meat while it is cooking g_______3.to determine the nature of (esp. a disease) from observation of symptoms d_______4.flat part of either side of the head between the forehead and the ear t_______5..medicine causing the bowels to empty themselves l_______6.appointment between lovers to meet at a secret place t_______rge, solid piece c_______8.lose health and strength l_______d group of fixed stars c_______10.deformed and mentally undeveloped person c_______11.without denial a _______12.small piece of burning wood or coal in a dying fire e_______13.to make a loud deep noise like a bull b_______14.widely known esp. for sth. bad n_______15.art of placing or moving fighting forces for or during battle t_______16.one, such as a person or an object, that is bulky, clumsy, or unwieldy h_______17.to destine to an unhappy end d_______18.a bowl-shaped depression at the mouth of a volcano c_______19.no longer burning or active e_______20.showing initiative and willingness to undertake new projects e_______21.worth being remembered or noted m_______22.to set free or keep free from restrictions or bonds u_______23.a business enterprise involving some risk in expectation of gain v_______cking strength or firmness; weak or spiritless l_______cking vigor or energy f_______26.suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting. A_______27.a specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class. C_______28.a branch of knowledge or teaching d_______29.keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating: a_______30.having or showing shrewdness and discernment, especially with respect to one's own concerns. a_______31.something taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation; an assumption h_______32.to engage in a formal discussion or argument d_______33.a massive variety of the mineral uraninite p_______34.anger aroused by something unjust, mean, or unworthy. i_______35.a shrill, often frantic cry s_______36.a surface layer of earth containing a dense growth of grass and its matted roots t_______37.to make known (something concealed or secret) r_______38.having the flavor or odor of game, especially game that is slightly spoiled g_______39.to thrust or throw forcefully into a substance or place p_______40.the skin of an animal with the fur or hair still on it p_______41.to burn with little smoke and no flame s_______42.something expected; a possibility p_______43.gilled with a specified element or elements f_______44.a quality, an ability, or an accomplishment that makes a person suitable for a particular position or task q_______III. Reading Comprehension (15%)1.The writer wants to show that ______.A. love is a mistake, a deception and an emotion that follows the principles in logicB. love is an error and it has deceptive quality that does not follow the principles of logicC. love is not a dry branch of learning and it is like a human being full of beauty and passion.D.love is a dry and learned discipline and girls do want brilliant, gifted or educated husbands.2. When did scientists discover that oysters were in danger?A. a jitterbugB. a tunnelC. an extinct craterD. a precision instrument3.The narrator claimed that his brain is just like ______.A. a faddistB. a knot-headC.logicalD. unstable4.According to the law student, Petey was not ______.A. you would achieve much success if you could find another girl who was so agreeable.B. you would not achieve much success if you could find another girl who was so agreeable.C.it would be easy for you to find another girl who was as agreeable as Polly.D. it would be difficult for you to find another girl who was as agreeable as Polly.5.“Y ou would go far to find another girl so agreeable” means that ______.A. FrankensteinB. PygmalionC. Petey BurchD. Walter PidgeonIV. Writing style(10%)Point out some American colloquial expressions from the text.V. Rhetoric (20%)1. Discussion: Why the chief attraction of "Lesson Five" is its humor?2. Comment on the rhetorical devices of the following statements:(1) There is a limit for what flesh and blood can bear. _______(2) The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has .hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. _______(3) It was like digging a tunnel. _______(4) it is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. _______(5) I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. _______(6) “Holy Toledo!” he repeated fifteen or twenty times. _______(7) Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. _______(8) Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. .Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. _______(9) but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. _______(10) My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. _______VI. Translation(13%)1. 一旦三峡工程竣工，其本身便成为世界上的一大创举，大坝坐落在长江上游“载断巫山云雨”坐落在大坝上的巨大船闸能让万吨船舶顺利而过，如同宫殿一样使人眼花缭乱的水利发电站通过广延的高压电网输送强大的电流。
loveisafallacy课后习题答案
Ⅰ．Ruskin：John Ruskin(1819—1900)，English critic and social theorist，was the virtual dictator of artistic opinion in England during the mid-19th century. Ruskin attended Oxford from 1836 to 1840 and won the Newdigate Prize for poetry. In 1843 appeared the first volume of Modern Painters. This work elaborates the principles that art is based on national and individual integrity and morality and also that art is a "universal language". The Seven Lamps of Architecture applied these same theories to architecture. About 1857, Ruskin’s art criticism became more broadly social and political. In his works he attacked bourgeois England and charged that modern art reflected the ugliness and waste of modern industry. Ruskin r s positive program for social reform appeared in Sesame and Lilies (1865), The Crown of Wild Olive (1866), Time and Tide (1867), and Fors Clavigera (8 vols. , 1871-- 1884). Many of his suggested programs--old age pensions, nationalization of education, organization of labor--have become accepted doctrine.Ⅱ . 1. The writer humorously uses words like "limp", "flaccid" and " spongy " to describe his essay . Nationally he doesn't believe his essay to be bad, or else he would not have written nor would it have been published. Max Shulman is well-known forhis humor.2. The purpose of this essay, according to the writer, is to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic subject, is a living, breathing :thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject, but it is definitely not a living, breathing, full of beauty, passion and trauma. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor.3. The narrator considers Petey Burch dumb as an ox because he thinks Petey to be unintelligent, an emotional and impressionable type of person. However, Peteyr s worst fault is that he is a faddist, he is swept up in every new craze that comes along.4. He decided to teach Polly Espy logic because he wanted not only a beautiful wife but also an intelligent one. The narrator wanted a wife who would help to further his career as a lawyer. He found Polly had all the necessary qualities except intelligence. This he decided to remedy by teaching her logic. He succeeded only too well for in the end Polly refused to go steady with him and employed all the "logical fallacies" she had been taught to reject his offer.5. (1) The fallacy of accident is committed by an argument that applies a general rule to a particular case in which somespecial circumstances ("accident") makes the rule inapplicable. This is the "Dicto Simpliciter" fallacy in the text.(2) The converse fallacy of accident argues improperly from a special case to a general rule. The fact that a certain drug is beneficial to some sick persons does not imply that it is beneficial to all men. This is the fallacy of "Hasty Generalization" in the text.(3) The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion is committed when the conclusion changes the point that is at issue in the premises. Special cases of irrelevant conclusion are presented by the so- called fallacies of relevance. These include: (a) the argu- ment "Ad Hominem " (speaking "against the man" rather than to the issue, or the fallacy of *'Poisoning the Well" mentioned in the text) in which the premises may only make a personal attack on a person who holds some thesis, instead of offering grounds showing why what he says is false; (b) the argument "Ad Miserieordiam" (an appeal to "pity"), as when a trial lawyer, rather than arguing for his client's innocence, tries to move the jury to sympathy for him. (4)The fallacy of circular argument or "begging the question" occurs when the premises presume, openly or covertly, the very conclusion that is to be demonstrated (example :"Gregory always votes wisely. ""But howdo you know Because he always votes Libertarian. "). (5)The fallacy of false cause mislocates the cause of one phenomenon in another that is only seemingly related. The most common version of this fallacy, called "post hoc, ergo propter hoc", mistakes temporal sequence for causal connection--as when a misfortune is attributed to a "malign event", like the dropping of a mirror. (6)The fallacy of many questions consists in demanding or giving a single answer to a question when this answer could either be divided (example: "Do you like the twins""Neither yes nor no; but Ann yes and Mary no. ")or refused altogether, because a mistaken presupposition is involved (example-"Have you stopped beating your wife"). (7)The fallacy of "non Sequitur" ("it does not follow"), still more drastic than the preceding, occurs when there is not even a deceptively plau- sible appearance of valid reasoning, because there is a virtually complete lack of connection between the given premises and the conclusion drawn from them.Ⅲ.1. The title of the story is humorous and well chosen. It has two meanings. When "fallacy" is taken in its ordinary sense, the title means: "There is a deceptive or delusive quality about love. " When it is taken as a specific term in logic, the title means. "Love cannot be deduced from a set of given premises."2. Yes, I can. The whole story is satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school. The freshman is made the narrator of the story who goes on smugly boasting and singing praises of himself at every chance he could get. From the very beginning in paragraph 4, he begins to help on himself all the beautiful words of praise he can think: cool, powerful, precise and penetrating. At the same time the narrator takes every opportunity to downgrade Petey Bureh. For example, he calls him "dumb", "nothing upstairs ", "'unstable ", "impressionable" and "'a faddist ".And as for Polly Espy, she is "a beautiful dumb girl", who would smarten up under his guidance.3. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic subject, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor. The writer employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the infra clipped vulgar forms of Polly Espy. He uses figurative language profusely and also grammaticinversion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, ellip- tical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story,4. The writer deliberately makes Polly Espy use a lot of exclamatory words like "Gee," "Oo", "' wow-dow " and clipped vulgar forms like "delish", "marvy", "sesaysh", etc. to create the impression of a simple and rather stupid girl. This contrasts strongly with the boasting of the narrator and thus helps to increase the force of satire and irony.5. The narrator does such a final attempt to make Polly forget the fallacies he has taught her. He may yet be able to convince Polly that he loves her and that she should go steady118 with him.6. The topic sentence of paragraph 50 is the second sentence--"He was a torn man. " The writer develops the paragraph by describing the behavior of the torn man. In other words, he uses illustrative examples to develop the theme stated in his topic sentence.7. Because he begged Polly's love, which was refused. He might get the same result as Frankenstein, who created a monster that destroyed him, not as Pygmalion, who was loved by his own statueof Galatea.8. The conclusion is ironic because the whole thing backfires on the narrator when Polly refutes all his arguments as logical fallacies before finally rejecting him. The end of the story finds that the narrator has got what he deserves. He has been too clever for his own good.IV. 1. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid".2. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.3. The fallacy of "post hoe, ergo propter hoc".4. The fallacy of Hypothesis Contrary to Fact.5. The fallacy of "post hoc, ergo propter hoe".6. The fallacy of Ad Misericordiam.7. The fallacy of unqualified generalization.8. The fallacy of HaMy Generalization.V. See the translation of the text.Vl. 1. discipline :a branch of knowledge or learning2. dynamo: an earlier form for generator, a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy3. flight :fleeing or running away from4. Charleston: a lively dance in 4/4 time, characterized by a twisting step and popular during the 1920's5. shed: cast off or lose hair6．in the swim：conforming to the current fashions。
love is a fallacy 爱情是谬误
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
因此我就会断定在明尼苏达大学谁也不会讲法语。
”。
这明显是一种谬误，这是一种草率的结论。
因为支持这种结论的例证太少了。
3. 牵强附会（Post Hoc）的谬误。
例子如下：“我们不要带比尔出去野餐。
每次带他一起去，天就下雨。
” 这是一种谬误。
下雨并不是尤拉蓓克尔造成的，下雨与她没有任何关系。
综英三上Unit 4 Love Is a Fallacy 全文翻译
查尔斯．兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子》无拘无束、自由奔放。
实在令人难忘。
下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放。
实际上，用"自由奔放"的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切，或许用"柔软"、"轻松或"轻软而富有弹性"更为恰如其分。
2尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类,但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文。
它提出了论点引用了许多例证，并得出了结论。
卡菜尔能写得更好吗?罗斯金呢?3这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、清新、富于关感和激情，并给人以启迪。
诸位不妨一读。
——作者的说明4我很冷静，也很有逻辑。
敏锐、精打细算、通透、敏锐--这些我都有。
我的大脑像发电机一样强大，像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样透彻。
而且，想想看！我才18岁。
-我当时只有18岁。
5一个如此年轻的人拥有如此巨大的智力是不常见的。
以我在明尼苏达大学的室友佩蒂-伯奇为例。
同样的年龄，同样的背景，但却笨得像头牛。
一个足够好的家伙，你明白的，但没有什么上进心。
情绪化的类型。
不稳定。
印象深刻。
最糟糕的是，他是个时尚主义者。
我认为，流行是对理性的否定。
被卷进每一个新出现的热潮中，把自己交给白痴，只是因为其他人都在这样做--这对我来说，是无意识的顶峰。
然而，对佩蒂来说不是。
6一天下午，我发现佩蒂躺在床上，脸上的表情非常痛苦，我立即诊断为阑尾炎。
"不要动，"我说，"不要吃泻药。
我去找医生。
"7"浣熊"，他厚厚地嘟囔了一句。
8"浣熊？" 我说，在我的飞行中停顿了一下。
9"我想要一件浣熊大衣，"他哭着说。
10我察觉到他的麻烦不是身体上的，而是精神上的。
"你为什么想要一件浣熊大衣？"11"我早该知道，"他哭着说，捶着太阳穴。
LOVE IS A FALLACY练习答案
Stuart: Introduction to the Passage1. Type of literature: a piece of narrative writing--protagonist/antagonists--climax--denouement2. The main theme3. Well chosen title and words4. Style--a very fast pace with a racy dialogue full of American colloquialism and slang--employing a variety of writing techniques to make the story vivid, dramatic and colorfulIII. Effective Writing Skills:1. Employing colorful lexical spectrum, from the ultra learned terms to the infra clipped vulgar forms2. Too much figurative language and ungrammatical inversion for specific purposes3. The using of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes to maintain the speed of narrationLove is a Fallacy 课后练习题/EXERCISESI. Write a short note on: Ruskin.[SRB]1. Oxford Companion to English Literature2. any book on the history of English literature3. any standard encyclopediaII. Questions on content:1. What does the writer say about his own essay? Is he serious in his remarks?2. What, according to the writer, is the purpose of this essay? Do you agree?3. Why does the narrator consider Petey Burch dumb as an ox?4. Why does the narrator teach Polly Espy logic? Did he succeed?5. Define and give an example of each of the logical fallacies discussed in this essay. Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. Comment on the title of this essay. Is it humorous?2. Can you find any evidence to support the view that the writer is satirizing a bright but self-satisfied young man?3. What is the purpose of this essay or story? What method does the writer employ?4. Comment on the language used by Polly. What effect does her language create?5. Why does the narrator argue that "the things you learn in school don't have anything to do with life"? (para. 145)6. What is the topic sentence of paragraph 50? How does the writer develop the idea expressed in the topic sentence?7. Why does the narrator refer to Pygmalion and Frankenstein? Are these allusions chosen aptly?8. In what sense is the conclusion ironic?IV. Analyze the logical fallacy in each of the following statements:1. Watching television is a waste of time.2. In the last month, fourteen students have been arrested in California for using drugs. That state is obviously filled with young addicts.3. All his life he has read comic books. Is it any wonder he's a juvenile delinquent?4. If I had studied harder, I would definitely have passed that test.5. Religion obviously weakens the political strength of a country. After all, Rome fell after the introduction of Christianity.6. It's true that this boy killed four people. Yet think of the poverty and misery he was raised in: his parents neglected him, and he never had enough to eat.7.Teachers in capitalist countries are out for all the money they can get.8. Everybody in a capitalist country is basically dishonest. Look at all the politicians who are arrested every year for taking bribes and misusing public funds. V. Translate paras 145--154 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words"1. that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline (para 3)2. my brain was as powerful as a dynamo (para 4)3. pausing in my flight (para 8)4. when the Charleston came back (para 11)5. They shed. (para 16)6. Don't you want to be in the swim? (para 17)7. I would be out in practice (para 24)8. She was not yet of pin-up proportions (para 25)9. She already had the makings. (para 25)10. She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing (para 26)11. are you going steady (para 30)12. I deposited her at the girls' dormitory (para 97)13. lawyers have briefs to guide them (para 105)14. hammering away without let-up (para 123)Ⅶ. Explain how the meaning of the following sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meaning of the words:1. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. (fashions)2. "Can you mean," I said incredulously, "that people ... again?" (incredibly)3. he said passionately. (eagerly)4. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions (feelings)5. I threw open the suitcase and revealed the huge, hairy, gamy object (showed)6. I was tempted to give her back to Petey. (inclined)7. I hid my exasperation. (disappointment)8. I said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner (indulgent)9. I chuckled with somewhat less amusement. (merriment)10. I will languish. (suffer a lot)Ⅷ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:1. keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute, astute2. intelligent, bright, brilliant, clever, smartIX . Study the suffixes in the following nouns and give at least 5 examples of each:1. analogy 4. fallacy, idiocy2. appendicitis 5. tactics3. chemist, faddist 6. venture[SRB]1. Walker's Rhyming Dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingX . The narrator in this essay has a style all his own. In part, it is characterized by many figures of speech. Mention examples of the following: simile, metaphor, hyperbole, metonomy, antithesis. Comment on the figures that are used effectively.Ⅺ. The style is also characterized in part by inverted sentence order. Point out the places where inversion occurs and explain the reason for the inversion.Ⅻ. One of the ways to achieve emphasis is to change the normal order of a sentence. Rewrite the following sentences by inverting sentence part:1. I don't want sympathy!2. He would not yield, though death threatened him.3. You mustn't miss that trip to Niagara.4. The boy came down on his head.5. The medical records and conduct sheets were piled on the desk in front of him.6. The last story is completely different.7. A man dressed in a black gown walked in.8. He who is devoted to a just cause lives without fear.ⅩⅢ.Pick out some of the colloquialisms and slangs used in the text.ⅩⅣ.Read the following passage and explain what method is used to develop the main idea.A hospital usually employs five different kinds of nurses according to their degrees and the amount of training they have had.At the highest level are the registered nurses with college degrees. This may be a doctorate, master, or bachelor of science degree. A degree is a prerequisite if a person desires a supervisory job or wants to teach in a school of nursing. Naturally, these jobs are the highest paid and carry the greatest responsibility.Next are the registered nurses with an associate degree (two years of college). This is particularly suited to a person who is not quite sure about going to college. It leaves the door open to further learning and at the same time enables the person to work as an R.N. Associate degree programs are rather new and have been instituted to help relieve the crucial need for qualified nurses.Third is the three-year diploma from a school of nursing. Upon graduation, nurses are entitled to take a state board examination. There is no degree given, however, other than R. N. These schools are rapidly disappearing from many areas as the costof maintaining them is high, and also because state requirements insist on more attention to theory and more closely supervised clinical experience.Licensed practical nurses have only recently become important. They usually take a twelve month course followed by a written examination required by the state before licensing. Bedside nursing is stressed and a good L. P.N. can ease the work load of the R.N. tremendously. This allows the R.N. to give medications and to carry out intricate procedures once assigned only to interns.Aides are a valuable asset to the nursing team. Usually a few weeks on the job training with pay is all that is required. This job supplements and works in hand both with the L. P. N. and R.N.XV. Topics for oral work:1. What and whom does the author satirize in this essay? Illustrate your point with examples.2. Does the narrator love Polly? Is love a fallacy?XVI. Write a short composition on one of the following topics, using the method of classification for developing your ideas:1. Farm Work in My Village2. Physical Training in Our School3. Some Successful Study MethodsLove is a Fallacy 练习题答案/answerⅠ．Ruskin：John Ruskin(1819—1900)，English critic and social theorist，was the virtual dictator of artistic opinion in England during the mid-19th century. Ruskin attended Oxford from 1836 to 1840 and won the Newdigate Prize for poetry. In 1843 appeared the first volume of Modern Painters. This work elaborates the principles that art is based on national and individual integrity and morality and also that art is a "universal language". The Seven Lamps of Architecture applied these same theories to architecture. About 1857, Ruskin’s art criticism became more broadly social and political. In his works he attacked bourgeois England and charged that modern art reflected the ugliness and waste of modern industry. Ruskin r s positive program for social reform appeared in Sesame and Lilies (1865), The Crown of Wild Olive (1866), Time and Tide (1867), and Fors Clavigera (8 vols. , 1871-- 1884). Many of his suggested programs--old age pensions, nationalization of education, organization of labor--have become accepted doctrine.Ⅱ . 1. The writer humorously uses words like "limp", "flaccid" and " spongy " to describe his essay . Nationally he doesn't believe his essay to be bad, or else he would not have written nor would it have been published. Max Shulman is well-known for his humor.2. The purpose of this essay, according to the writer, is to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic subject, is a living, breathing :thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject, but it is definitely not a living, breathing, full of beauty, passion and trauma. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor.3. The narrator considers Petey Burch dumb as an ox because he thinks Petey to be unintelligent, an emotional and impressionable type of person. However, Peteyr s worst fault is that he is a faddist, he is swept up in every new craze that comes along.4. He decided to teach Polly Espy logic because he wanted not only a beautiful wife but also an intelligent one. The narrator wanted a wife who would help to further his career as a lawyer. He found Polly had all the necessary qualities except intelligence. This he decided to remedy by teaching her logic. He succeeded only too well for in the end Polly refused to go steady with him and employed all the "logical fallacies" she had been taught to reject his offer.5. (1) The fallacy of accident is committed by an argument that applies a general rule to a particular case in which some special circumstances ("accident") makes the rule inapplicable. This is the "Dicto Simpliciter" fallacy in the text.(2) The converse fallacy of accident argues improperly from a special case to a general rule. The fact that a certain drug is beneficial to some sick persons does not imply that it is beneficial to all men. This is the fallacy of "Hasty Generalization" in the text.(3) The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion is committed when the conclusion changes the point that is at issue in the premises. Special cases of irrelevant conclusion are presented by the so- called fallacies of relevance. These include: (a) the argu- ment "Ad Hominem " (speaking "against the man" rather than to the issue, or the fallacy of *'Poisoning the Well" mentioned in the text) in which the premises may only make a personal attack on a person who holds some thesis, instead of offering grounds showing why what he says is false; (b) the argument "Ad Miserieordiam" (an appeal to "pity"), as when a trial lawyer, rather than arguing for his client's innocence, tries to move the jury to sympathy for him. (4)The fallacy of circular argument or "begging the question" occurs when the premises presume, openly or covertly, the very conclusion that is to be demonstrated (example :"Gregory always votes wisely. ""But how do you know? Because he always votes Libertarian. "). (5)The fallacy of false cause mislocates the cause of one phenomenon in another that is only seemingly related. The most common version of this fallacy, called "post hoc, ergo propter hoc", mistakes temporal sequence for causal connection--as when a misfortune is attributed to a "malign event", like the dropping of a mirror. (6)The fallacy of many questions consists in demanding or giving a single answer to a question when this answer could either be divided (example: "Do you like the twins?""Neither yes nor no; but Ann yes and Mary no. ")or refused altogether, because a mistaken presupposition is involved (example-"Have you stopped beating your wife?"). (7)The fallacy of "non Sequitur" ("it does not follow"), still more drastic than the preceding, occurs when there is not even a deceptively plau- sible appearance of valid reasoning, because there is a virtually complete lack of connection between the given premises and the conclusion drawn from them.Ⅲ.1. The title of the story is humorous and well chosen. It has two meanings. When "fallacy" is taken in its ordinary sense, the title means: "There is a deceptive or delusive quality about love. " When it is taken as a specific term in logic, the titlemeans. "Love cannot be deduced from a set of given premises. "2. Yes, I can. The whole story is satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school. The freshman is made the narrator of the story who goes on smugly boasting and singing praises of himself at every chance he could get. From the very beginning in paragraph 4, he begins to help on himself all the beautiful words of praise he can think: cool, powerful, precise and penetrating. At the same time the narrator takes every opportunity to downgrade Petey Bureh. For example, he calls him "dumb", "nothing upstairs ", "'unstable ", "impressionable" and "'a faddist ".And as for Polly Espy, she is "a beautiful dumb girl", who would smarten up under his guidance.3. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic subject, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor. The writer employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the infra clipped vulgar forms of Polly Espy. He uses figurative language profusely and also grammatic inversion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, ellip- tical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story,4. The writer deliberately makes Polly Espy use a lot of exclamatory words like "Gee," "Oo", "' wow-dow " and clipped vulgar forms like "delish", "marvy", "sesaysh", etc. to create the impression of a simple and rather stupid girl. This contrasts strongly with the boasting of the narrator and thus helps to increase the force of satire and irony.5. The narrator does such a final attempt to make Polly forget the fallacies he has taught her. He may yet be able to convince Polly that he loves her and that she should go steady118 with him.6. The topic sentence of paragraph 50 is the second sentence--"He was a torn man. " The writer develops the paragraph by describing the behavior of the torn man. In other words, he uses illustrative examples to develop the theme stated in his topic sentence.7. Because he begged Polly's love, which was refused. He might get the same result as Frankenstein, who created a monster that destroyed him, not as Pygmalion, who was loved by his own statue of Galatea.8. The conclusion is ironic because the whole thing backfires on the narrator when Polly refutes all his arguments as logical fallacies before finally rejecting him. The end of the story finds that the narrator has got what he deserves. He has been too clever for his own good.IV. 1. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid".2. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.3. The fallacy of "post hoe, ergo propter hoc".4. The fallacy of Hypothesis Contrary to Fact.5. The fallacy of "post hoc, ergo propter hoe".6. The fallacy of Ad Misericordiam.7. The fallacy of unqualified generalization.8. The fallacy of HaMy Generalization.V. See the translation of the text.Vl. 1. discipline :a branch of knowledge or learning2. dynamo: an earlier form for generator, a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy3. flight :fleeing or running away from4. Charleston: a lively dance in 4/4 time, characterized by a twisting step and popular during the 1920's5. shed: cast off or lose hair6．in the swim：conforming to the current fashions。
love-is-a-fallacy-爱情是谬误
在进入今天主题，讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在，而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的，当然同时，你也可以提升自己的英文。
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly 只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
现代大学英语精读5 Lesson 5 love is a fallacy
Fads, …negation of reason.
• I believe following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.
• Submit: to offer as an opinion; suggest, propose
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• Acute suggests a fine sensitivity or receptivity to nuances that might escape others.
• e.g. an acute awareness of the slightest ambiguity in each statement made by his opponent;
Is Polly a perfect candidate for his future wife?
How did his lesson on logic work with Polly?
Did he succeed in winning Polly? Why not?
On love
If to give an individual definition to love, what will your definition be?
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Same age, same background,
but dumb as an ox.
• Ellipsis. He and I are the same age and have the same background but he is as dumb as ox.
• The use of elliptical sentences, together with short sentences and dashes help maintain the speed of the narration.
love-is-a-fallacy主题分析
“Love is a fallacy”is a pun that can be understood of two meanings。
Love is not only an error, a deception, but also an emotion that does not follow the principle of logic.Love is fallacious, deceptive，or misleading。
Love makes the narrator stupid。
When “fallacy” refers to the quality of being deceptive, the title means “there is a deceptive or delusive quality about love”.Love is an illusion.❖Dobie exchanged his raccoon coat for Petey's girlfriend. When people regard love as a deal, it could be a fallacy. Petey thought a raccoon coat was more important than his girlfriend，so the love between Petey and Polly was a fallacy, too.❖ Polly loves Petey is a fallacy。
Polly chooses Petey, because Petey is able to wander around the campus like those big men in his new fashionable raccoon coat。
she can’t be intelligent enough to understand what is temporary and what is enduring，what is illusory and what is practical。
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/v_show/id_XMzI4OTIxNDQ=.html（这是6-59段的performance，可作参考）
If to give an individual definition to love, what will your definition be?
Love is ___________________. 每位学生想出一个词。
上课提问。
Practicing (Appreciation of logic fallacies)
In this story, there are many logical terms and examples about these terms which are given by the narrator in correspondence. You have previewed the story. Can you list all of them?
Analyze the following fallacies with the help of the text.
Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)
Hasty Generalization(草率结论, 不完全归纳)
Post Hoc (牵强附会, 假性因果)
Contradictory Premises (矛盾前提, 二立背反，大前提有毛病
Ad Misericordiam：拉丁文，意思为诉诸同情文不对题(a Latin phrase meaning "to pity" ; a fallacy in logic of appealing to pity or compassion. )
False Analogy (错误类比)
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact (与事实相反的假设)
Poisoning the Well (投毒下井)
1. Dog is a pet. Everyone likes it.
2. I haven’t seen a UFO; Jason hasn’t either; Ms Yan hasn’t probably; so no UFO at all.
3. Don’t sing this song. Every time you sing this song, the baby gets sick.
4. This is the mightiest sword which is able to shatter any shield, and that is the most indestructible shield which is capable of enduring any stroke.
5. “He was late to the class today.” “Because he was scolded by his mother yesterday.”
6. Since we have moon cakes in the Moon Festival, why don’t we have spring cakes in the Spring Festival?
7. If the gunpowder hadn’t been invented, there wouldn’t have been so many wars in the world.
8. Don’t listen to any word from him, for he is most shameful cheating around the world.
Please match the terms with those examples which will help you to understand how does the plot develop in the whole text. （study group）
What are the characteristics of the title?
What kind of genre the text belong to? Argumentation\narration\exposition\description?
Elements of a story
Setting:
Conflict: fallacy & Love
Characters:
Protagonist:
Antagonist:
Point of view:
Ⅴ. detailed study
Para 4
1.who is the protagonist? What is the name?
How did the narrator describe himself? Notice the way he introduced himself What is the function of this exaggerated self-praise?
1) Cool was I and logical. (what kind of sentence structure?)
2) Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute-- I was all of these. Give the English meaning and make sentences.
What is the rhetorical device in the following comparison?
His brain –
1. dynamo -- powerful
2. a chemist's scales--- precise, accurate
3. scalpel -- penetrating
3. What's the purpose of the author to tell the characteristics of '' I '' at the beginning?
p5-21 introduction of the first antagonist -- Petey Burch
How does the narrator evaluate Petey? What kind of personality does that show? Please pick out words or phrases to describe Petey.
Para.5
Please complete the following three sentences.
1) Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (give us the whole sentence)
2) A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.
3) Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist.
2. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. (paraphrase)
Study paras 25,26,27
How does the writer evaluate the girl?
But what is his standard for choosing his spouse(配偶)?
How did he see marriage?
Discussion: 1. What is your view on marriage?
2. What are your standards for choosing your spouse?。