2018年上海宝山区高三一模试题(附答案)
2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷和参考答案及听力原文
2018 年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷II.Grammar and VocabularyWhy My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the bac kground says ―Oh, why didn’t you think of that before?‖ Beliefs change, they mature and grow just (21)a child. The best beliefs are the ones that (22) ( cherish) throughout a lifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is (23) (easy) when you’re having fun. Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters’ sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another person, Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24) (escape). I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Wh ether it’s a fantasy novel or a historical account, you learn when you read. It provides grammar and (25) (write) language skills. Reading teaches us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all rad the same books.(27) is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28) (drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29)read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30) (help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. That’s the biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A.extentB.substanceC.normalD. potentialE.refreshingF.instructionsG. function H.caused I.physical J.restore K. mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors canbe switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look 31 younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a 32 naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals 33 splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the 34 to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, ―This is a first step in trying to make people live35 lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to 36 to old cells.‖Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the 37 and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish 38 I couldn’t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,‖ she said. ―I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rej uvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.‖As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or39 as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the 40for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner, assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston, argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called ― executive control‖ when it comes to making decisions,41 considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is 42 for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking, or thinking about thinking. But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner 43 that a wide variety of animals -- -elephants, chimpanzees( 黑猩猩), ravens( 大乌鸦) and lions, among others ---44 reasonable decision-making.― These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the 45 they are evaluating for their goal, they possess a subjective, internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,‖ he wrote.The question has been 46 since the days of the ancient philosophers, as people considered what means to be human is. One way to address that, Buckner said, is to 47 exactly what sets humans apart from other animals. Language remains a key difference between animals and humans, and Buckner notes that serious 48 in the 1970s and 80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language, 49 ----found that although they were able to express simple ideas, they did not engage in 50 thought and language structures. Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable 51 to study the issue, but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments. Buckner, working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A. Reber, mental biologist at the University of Vienna, last year 52 the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds, 53 their behavior by attaching their own observations to others. In his latest paper, Buckner offers several examples to support his 54 . His goal, Buckner said, was to organize experimental research, ―to see that we’re gathered enough evide nce to say that animals really are 55 in a unique way.‖t45. A. option B. scheme C. regulation D. random46. A. dismissed B. ignored C. debated D. answered47. A. evaluate B. determine C. overlook D. initiate48. A. results B. successes C. achievements D. attempts49. A. for example B. this is to say C. on the contrary D. as a result50. A. obvious B. feasible C. private D. complex51. A. mystery B. tradition C. evidence D. fiction52. A. substituted B. published C. reflected D. maintained53. A. adapting B. symbolizing C. investigating D. revenging54. A. agreement B. implement C. requirement D. argument55. A. passionate B. reasonable C. confused D. ridiculousSection A(A)We see them everywhere. ―There are some things that money can’t buy… for everything else, there’s MasterCard.‖ We hear them everywhere. ―Make life rewarding… American Express.‖ Whether watching television, driving down the highw ay, or even appearing on our Facebook page, the appeal of money is inescapable.Growing up, my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions. Yet, money and all the new, interesting things it could buy did not escape me. As I entered my freshman year, my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates. Between game-day dresses, steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens, I quickly drained 17 years worth of savings.41. A. secretly B. unintentionally C. scarcely D. consciously 42. A. required B. qualified C. acquired D. prepared 43. A. concerns B. complains C. conclude D. convinces44. A. turn down B. engage in C. refer to D. argue abouBy the time summer rolled around, I didn’t consider how much cash I had spent, or how much stuff I had acquired… I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn’t working, I was checking my bank account, try to figure out if m y next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment. My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life, creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern. Finally, after a very heated argument with my Dad, I accepted the truth: I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier (and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower) when money was just something in the bank. While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appeal right around the second a new item caught my eye. Towards the end of the summer, I let go of my financial issues –a fter all, I can’t buy more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account. I still go shopping occasionally. But now, those aren’t priorities. My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn’t seek out wealth as a m eans of satisfaction and happiness. Instead, my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought, exchanged, or returned. I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared betwe en my family and friends: ―There are some things that money can’t buy… Seek them.‖ Unlike cash, this form of wealth grows the more I give.56.A ccording to the passage, the author feels happy now mainly because .A.the appeal of money is inescapableB.he values the love between his family and friendsC.his wealth grows by working hard every dayD.he has paid off his debt in cash57.T he author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph 3 in order to .A.show how to settle problems with othersB.prove how selfish his Dad isC.explain material possessions get him into troubleD.display generation gap between Dad and Son58.T he word ―comfy‖ (paragraph 4) probably means .A.realisticB.individualC.graciousfortable59.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Seeking a different kind of wealthB.Letting go of different sufferingsC.Wealth as a means of satisfactionD.Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stress might be making you sick. Here’s how t o battle against them.If you’ve never suffered from headaches bu t suddenly your head is constantly striking, you might be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels(血管) in the brain, which brings on a headache. Stress can cause them or make them worse. It’s also common fo r your muscles to tense up when you’re stressed, which can also cause a headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don’t want to take medicine, try spreading lavender (薰衣草)oil on your temples(太阳穴)when a headache starts. Or try one of thesehome remedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of the stress hormonecortisol (皮质醇)can make it harder to concentrate, causingmemory problems as well as anxiety or depression, says Dr. Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal (old hair follicles (囊)arereplaced by new ones over time), but stress can disturb that cycle.Significant stress p ushes a large number of hair follicles into what’scalled a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out,according to . Stress can als o cause the body’s resistantsystem to attack your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back.60.If you’re stressed, you might have one of the following sympto ms EXCEPT that .A.you keep getting headachesB.you always have a coldC.your hair is falling outD.your brain feels confused61.W hich of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D.Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62.W hat will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Ou r body’s resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC.Our hair starts growing again.D.A serious headache starts.(C)For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing (AM) have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3-D printing, the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale’s Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing, removing materials –thus the label ―additive.‖―The research in this issue shows that it is too early to label 3-D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing,‖ said Reid Lifset, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co-author of the lead editorial. ―We need to know much more about the material footprints, energy consumption in production, process emissions, a nd especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process.‖Additive manufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production – by consumers, merchants and hobbyists – and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing. Research in this issue, however, indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.―This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies,‖ said Indy Burke, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Enviro nmental Studies. ―If we are to realize the environmental potential of 3-D printing, we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie.‖The special issue contains:life cycle assessments (LCA) of AM processes and productsinvestigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologiesstudies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materialsexamination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technologyanalysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63.The word ―additive‖ in the passage refers to .A.the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB.the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC.the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD.t he traditional way to produce products by removing materials64.The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus on.A.the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB.a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC.the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD.the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65.Which of the follo wing can be inferred about the researchers’ viewpoint from the p assage?A.3-D printing is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C.AM makes a harmful impact on environment, energy, and health.D.The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66.The passage mainly discusses .A.investigations of the 3-D printing processB.the environmental implications of 3-D printingC. studies of 3-D printing emissions and materialsD.assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CA.The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women’s husbands.B.He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.C.These include having a higher status, yielding more power, being more self-focused, ambitious and self-confident.D.The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.E.Up to now, researchers have not yet examined how a woman’s married surname cho ice influences howothers look at her husband.F.W omen’s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands’ s urname after marriage is arguably one of the most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force.According to previous studies, women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others. They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men. 67 These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women, such as being more caring, kind and having less influence and power.68 For this purpose, Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK. The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms that are opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men. They are described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage. Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general in ferences about a couple’s g ender-typed personality characteristics.Results from the third study conducted by Robnett’s team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases. People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapable person. ―We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism(蔑视女性)respond negatively to women who violate traditional g ender roles,‖ says Robnett. ― 69 ‖―This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in men and women’s romantic relationships and power structures favoring men,‖ says Robnett. ― 70 It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despit e privileging men.‖Secure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the ―Signaling Code and Security‖ working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an ―electronic purse‖ that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The ―black-box addition plus‖ (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account.―Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers dur ing offline operation as well,‖ Andy Rupp says. ―This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.‖ Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second.V.Translation72.他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。
上海市宝山区2018届高三一模语文试题 含答案
2018届宝山区高三一模语文试题一、积累应用（10分）1.把下列名篇名句补写完整。
（3分）（1）是故，，道之所存，师之所存也。
（韩愈《师说》）（2），日月照耀金银台。
（李白《梦游天穆吟留别》）2.按要求补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
（2分）《月夜》中，杜甫在描写妻子独自看月的情景后，写出了希望结束两地看月的诗句：“，。
”3.填入下列文段横线处的名句，最恰当的一句是（）（2分）周恩来总理为中国的崛起强大，为世界的和平进步，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。
，。
他的品德风范，中国人民崇敬追随，世界人民也敬佩向往。
A.桃李不言，下自成蹊B.高山仰止，景行行止C.人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青D.苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之4.填入下列文段横线处的语句，最恰当的一句是（）（3分）作为一名教师不仅要掌握内容取向的显性知识，如学科内容、学科教学法、课程、教育学、心理学和一般文化等原理类知识；，包括教育信念、自我知识、人际知识、策略知识、情境知识和反思知识等为基础的课程知识、教学设计知识、教学过程知识、组织管理知识和人际知识等，即实践性知识。
实践性知识是教师的核心知识，是关于如何教和怎么支持学的知识。
A.还要掌握核心的教学取向的实践知识B.还要掌握隐性的实践取向的教学知识C.更要掌握丰富的实践取向的隐性知识D.更要掌握基础的教师取向的丰富知识二、阅读（70分）（一）阅读下面甲、乙二文，完成5—10题。
（16分）甲《湄公河行动》：主流电影的良心品质①国庆节档期，《爵迹》《王牌逗王牌》等电影纷纷遭遇口碑滑铁卢，票房成绩后劲不足。
唯有警匪动作片《湄公河行动》低开高走，在观众良好口碑的助推下票房逆袭，多日蝉联单日票房冠军。
影片凭借现代化的艺术表达、奇观化的视觉呈现和商业化的包装手段实现了主旋律题材的类型突破，带给观众不一样的惊喜。
在叫座不叫好的电影不断涌现的行业背景下，这部弘扬主流价值观的良心之作获得市场成功，让更多潜心艺术创作的电影人获得了继续前行的信心。
2018宝山区高三英语一模卷答案
2018宝⼭区⾼三英语⼀模卷答案宝⼭区2018学年第⼀学期期末⾼三英语参考答案及评分标准参考答案1—5 CADCD 6—10 BDBDC 11—15 DCDCB 16—20 AABDC21.is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/which31.D 32. A 33. F 34. G 35. I 36. E 37. K 38. C 39. H 40. J41—55CABDA CBDCA BCDAC56—59ADAB 60—62 CBD 63—66 BCCD 67—70 DCEB71.It is about an inspiring rescuing a dolphin Winter found trapped in ropes by a fisherman. Badly injured, she had to be transferred to an aquarium where doctors saved her but her damaged tail was removed. Luckily, a specialist Kevin designed an artificial tail for her, helping her swim normally again.(51words)72.Don’t judge a personbased on his appearancewhen making friends.73. After he suffered a serious illness, he realized thatlife is priceless.74.The 2018 Shanghai International Import Exposhows innovative ideas, meanwhileit promotes free trade.75.No matter where you travel, you should respectthe local customs and habits, which will help you becomea civilized traveller.评分标准（⼀）概要写作评分标准：2. 评分时应注意的主要⽅⾯: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。
2018年上海市宝山区高三语文一模试卷及答案
2018年上海市宝山区高三语文一模试卷及答案对技术美学和美学的认识钱学森曾在一篇文章中谈到了艺术和科学技术之间的关系。
他认为，艺术创作也需要科学技术的基础，例如没有纸张和印刷技术，就很难有今天的文学；没有摄影和电声技术，也不可能有今天的电影。
这是科学技术为艺术服务的一方面关系。
而现在，“技术美学”是一门将美学运用到技术领域中的新兴科学，可以说是美术为科学技术的产品设计和制造服务的另一个方面的关系。
3.钱学森在文章中主要谈论了什么关系？答：艺术和科学技术之间的关系。
4.文章中提到了哪些科技对于今天的艺术创作有重要意义？答：纸张、印刷、摄影和电声技术。
5.“技术美学”是什么？答：一门将美学运用到技术领域中的新兴科学。
6.“技术美学”为什么被认为是美术为科学技术的产品设计和制造服务的一方面关系？答：因为“技术美学”将美学运用到科学技术的产品设计和制造中，为科学技术的产品设计和制造提供美术服务。
7.请简要概括一下钱学森的观点。
答：钱学森认为，艺术和科学技术之间有相互依存的关系。
科学技术为艺术服务，同时美术也为科学技术的产品设计和制造提供服务。
现在，“技术美学”是一门将美学运用到技术领域中的新兴科学。
我曾在一篇文章中提到，科学技术产品的设计和制造中存在着工艺美术问题，例如日常用品如杯子、碗、盘子、瓶子等，以及衣着服饰、图书装帧和产品包装等。
这些产品需要做到既美观大方又经济实用，这就是工艺美术的范畴。
从经济效益的角度来看，这是非常重要的。
例如，现在中国人民的收入增加了，他们希望穿得更好一些，但是纺织工业却面临着库存积压的问题，这是因为以前的衣料布匹花色品种太单调，不够美观，所以人们不喜欢。
因此，工艺美术可以帮助解决这个问题，从而创造出以亿元计的价值。
因此，工艺美术是非常重要的。
实际上，工艺美术的范围可以扩大，包括所有产品的设计，例如机器的外形和颜色，难道它们不需要变得更美观大方吗？以前中国制造的机器总是涂成暗灰色，非常丑陋。
2018年上海宝山区高三一模试题(附答案)
2018年宝山区高三一模语文试题一积累应用 10分1.按要求填空。
〔5分〕〔1〕彼童子之师，________________________，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。
〔韩愈《师说》〕〔2〕不知天上宫阙，________________________？〔苏轼《·明月几时有》〕〔3〕X养浩《山坡羊·潼关怀古》以“伤心秦汉经行处，宫阙万间都做了土〞写王朝的盛衰兴亡；李白《登金陵凤凰台》写王朝盛衰兴亡的句子是“________________________，。
〞2.按要求选择〔5分〕〔1〕一位歌唱家看到学生在舞台上的表现，由衷赞叹。
下列最适合他引用的诗句是〔〕。
〔2分〕〔最适合2分，部分适合1分〕A.落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。
B.江山代有才人出，各领风骚数百年。
C.年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同。
D.桐花万里丹山路，雏凤清于老凤声。
〔2〕填入下面语段横线处的句子，最恰当的—项是〔〕〔3分〕〔最恰当3分，部分恰当2分，能连贯1分，全不连贯0分〕革命导师这种尊重实践的严肃的科学态度，给我们极大的教育。
他们并不认为自己提出的理论是已经完成了的绝对真理或“顶峰〞，可以不受实践检验的；；更不要说那些根据个别情况作出的个别论断了。
A.并不认为只要是他们作出的结论不管实际情况如何都不能改变B.并不以为因是自己作出之结论则无论实情如何都不能加以改变C.从实践中来对实践总结概括的规律性理论也要接受实践的检验D.他们尊重从实践中来对实践高度概括的带有普遍规律性的理论二阅读 70分〔一〕阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
〔16分〕对技术美学和美学的一点认识钱学森①我曾写文章谈论文学艺术和科学技术之间的关系,我说文学艺术的创作也总要有个科学技术的基础,没有纸X、印刷,也就难有今天的文学；没有摄影技术和电声技术，也就不可能有今天的电影。
这是一个方面的关系，可以说是科学技术为艺术服务．．，现在我们的“技术美学〞是一门把美学运用到技术领域中去的新兴科学，可以说是另—个方面的关系，是美术为科学技术的产品设计和制造服务．．。
2018年上海市宝山区高考英语一模试卷
"When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish（8）_______ I couldn’t believe it．These old cells were looking like young cells．It was like magic，" she said．“I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rejuvenated．I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research．”
The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a（2）_______ naturally found in red wine，dark chocolate，red grapes and blueberries，to cells in culture．The chemicals（3）_______ splicing factors，which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on．Within hours，the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate，behaving like young cells．
上海市宝山区2018年高三物理一模试卷
宝山区 2017 学年第一学期期末高三年级物理学科质量监测试卷考生注意：1．试卷满分100 分，考试时间60 分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包含三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、班级、学校和准考据号。
作答一定涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答一定涂在答题纸上相应的地区，第二、三部分的作答一定写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的地点。
一、选择题（共 40 分。
第 1-8 小题，每题 3 分，第 9-12 小题，每题 4 分。
每题只有一个正确答案。
）1．以下物理量中属于标量的是（）（ A）力（B）磁感觉强度（C）电势（D）速度2．以下图是作直线运动物体的v-t 图像，此中表示物体作匀减速直线运动的图是（）v v v vO tO t OtOt（ A）（B）（ C）（ D）3．意大利科学家伽利略在研究物体变速运动规律时，做了着名的“斜面实验”，他丈量了铜球在较小倾角斜面上的运动状况，发现铜球做的是匀变速直线运动，且铜球加快度随斜面倾角的增大而增大，于是他对大倾角状况进行了合理的外推，由此得出的结论是（）（A）力不是保持物体运动的原由（B）力是改变物体运动状态的原由（C）自由落体运动是一种匀变速直线运动（D）物体都拥有保持本来运动状态不变的性质，即惯性4．一个同学静止站在蓝球场上，将手中的蓝球开释，蓝球碰出席所后弹起来，到最高处后又落下，碰出席所后又弹起，这样连续下去，但蓝球能弹回的高度一次比一次低。
对于蓝球运动的描绘以下说法中正确的选项是（）（A）蓝球的机械能守恒（B）蓝球的内能愈来愈少（C）蓝球的机械能渐渐向内能转变，但蓝球的内能却不可以自觉地向机械能转变（D）用手合适地拍打蓝球，蓝球每次都会回弹到着落时的地点，这表示蓝球的着落运动是一种自觉的可逆过程。
5．在同一地址，两个单摆的摆长之比为4∶ 1，摆球的质量之比为1∶ 4，则它们的频次之比为（ ）（A ）1∶1（ B ）1∶2（C ）1∶4（D ）4∶16．轿车行驶时的加快度大小是权衡轿车加快性能的一项重要指标。
2018学年度上海市宝山区高三第一学期语文期末(一模)教学质量监测试题语文试题【名校试卷】Word版含解析
2018学年度上海市宝山区高三第一学期语文期末（一模）教学质量监测试题语 文注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I 卷（选择题）一、选择题1．下列选项中，名句使用最恰当的一项是（ ）A ．小李与小黄常常共同学习，相互探讨，可谓是“如切如磋，如琢如磨”。
B ．小李同伴都很贪玩，而他勤奋读书，老师赞他“蓬生麻中，不扶而直”。
C ．小黄因考试失利而懊丧不已，朋友们安慰他说“靡不有初，鲜克有终”。
D ．小黄自己家境贫寒，却还想资助小李，小李说“己所不欲，勿施于人”。
2．将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（ ）可以简单地把学会一内艺术分成两个部分，一是掌握理论，二是掌握实践。
这一点既适用于音乐、医学、雕塑，也适用于爱情。
①只有通过长期的实践活动，一直到理论知识和实践经验融会贯通起来变成灵感——也就是掌握了艺术的灵魂，才能成为一名大师。
②学医的人首先要认识人体的结构和各种疾病的症兆。
③但光有理论还无法行医。
④要成为大师，除了学习理论和实践外还有第三个必不可少的因素，即要把成为大师看得高于一切，这一目标必须占据他整个身心。
A ．③②④①B ．②③④①C ．③②①④D ．②③①④第II 卷（非选择题）二、句子默写3．按要求填空（1）__________________，不破楼兰终不还。
（王昌龄《从军行》） （2）位卑则足羞，__________________。
（___________）《师说》）（3）柳永《八声甘州》中“________________，________________”两句描写花叶凋零，感叹自然美景随着时光流逝而消歇。
2018届宝山区高考化学一模(带参考答案)
宝山区2017学年第一学期期末高三年级化学学科等级考质量监测试卷考生注意：1、本试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2、本试卷设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答案必须涂或写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3、答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。
4、答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
相对原子质量：H—1 O—16 Cu—64 S—32一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）1.古丝绸之路贸易中的下列商品，主要成分属于无机物的是A．瓷器B．丝绸C．茶叶D．中草药2.下列物质不属于电解饱和食盐水的产物的是A. Cl2B. NaOHC. O2D. H23.下列俗称表示同一物质的是A. 纯碱、烧碱B. 胆矾、绿矾C. 甘油、丙三醇D. 苏打、小苏打4.下列物质不和盐酸反应的是A. 锌B. 铜C. 氧化铝D. 氢氧化铁5.下列变化中，气体被氧化的是A. 氯气使KBr溶液变黄B. 二氧化硫使高锰酸钾溶液褪色C. CO2使澄清石灰水变浑浊D. 氨气使AlCl3溶液产生白色沉淀6.《本草衍义》中对精制砒霜过程有如下叙述：“取砒之法，将生砒就置火上，以器覆之，令砒烟上飞着覆器，遂凝结累然下垂如乳，尖长者为胜，平短者次之。
”文中涉及的操作方法是A. 蒸馏B. 升华C. 干馏D. 萃取7.下列物质变化一定吸热的是A. 镁条放入盐酸中产生气泡B. 铝片在空气中长毛C. 铁和硫反应生成黑色固体D. 无色N2O4减压后变红棕色8.以下性质的比较中，错误的是A. 酸性：H2CO3>H2SiO3>H3AlO3B. 碱性：CsOH>NaOH>Mg(OH)2C. 热稳定性：HF>HCl>H2SD. 沸点：HCl>HBr >HI9.下列由实验得出的结论正确的是10.实验室用银氨溶液检验醛基的实验中，下列说法错误的是A. 检验试剂：银氨溶液必须新制B. 所需玻璃仪器：试管，胶头滴管，烧杯C. 银氨溶液的制取：在硝酸银溶液中加入过量氨水D. 实验现象：出现银镜11.下列事实中，不能比较氢硫酸与亚硫酸的酸性强弱的是A. 氢硫酸不能与碳酸氢钠溶液反应，而亚硫酸可以B. 氢硫酸的导电能力低于相同浓度的亚硫酸C. 0.10 mol/L的氢硫酸和亚硫酸的pH分别为4.5和2.1D. 氢硫酸的还原性强于亚硫酸12.对于铵盐的描述都正确的是①都溶于水②都是白色晶体③都有刺激性气味④加热后都有NH3放出⑤与碱混合后加热都有NH3放出⑥都能使红色石蕊试纸变蓝A. 全部B. ①②⑤⑥C. ①②⑤D. ③④⑤13.下列说法正确的是A. 能导电的物质称为电解质B. 1摩尔水中含有6.02×1023个水分子C. 强电解质在溶液中完全电离D. 纯水的pH一定等于714.下列实验操作正确的是A. 用淀粉试纸可以检验碘离子B. 用水可以鉴别NO2和溴蒸气C. 用硝酸银溶液可以检验Cl-D. 用硫氰化钾溶液可以检验出Fe3+溶液中是否混有Fe2+15.能正确表达下列反应的离子方程式为A. 将SO2通入溴水：SO2+Br2+4OH-→2Br-+SO42-+2H2OB. 在NaHCO3溶液中加入稀盐酸：HCO3-+H+→H2O+CO2↑C. 向硫酸铝溶液中滴加氨水：Al3++3OH-→Al(OH)3↓D. 用醋酸除去水垢：2H++CaCO3→Ca2++CO2↑+H2O16.把0.01mol/LHAc溶液和0.01mol/LNaOH溶液等体积混合，所得溶液中微粒浓度关系正确的是A. C(Ac-)>C(Na+)B. C(H+)>C(OH-)C. C(Ac-)=C(Na+)D. C(HAc)+C(Ac-)=0.005mol/L17.甲、乙、丙三种溶液中各含有Cl-、Br-、I-中的一种卤素离子，向甲溶液中加入淀粉溶液和氯水，溶液变成橙色，再加入丙溶液，溶液颜色没有明显变化。
2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷和参考答案及听力原文
2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷II.Grammar and VocabularyWhy My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard.It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there.It requires time and effort,and then hits you in the face and someone in the bac kground says―Oh,why didn’t you think of that before?‖Beliefs change,they mature and grow just (21)__________a child.The best beliefs are the ones that(22)________(cherish)throughout a lifetime.One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is(23)_________(easy)when you’re having fun. Being able to relate to the characters,imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters’sadness,as well as their joy,is the most amazing thing about reading.A chance to live another life for a short time,to be another person,Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24)_________(escape).I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us.Wh ether it’s a fantasy novel or a historical account,you learn when you read.It provides grammar and(25)_______(write)language skills.Reading teaches us about emotion.Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself.In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters.(26)________________ _________you read,I believe you will learn,mind and soul.Reading can bring people together.I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books.My stepmother,grandmother,and I all rad the same books.(27)________is better than being able to share the tense moments,near misses,and happy endings while(28)________(drink)a steaming cup of coffee together with someone.Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains.Plus people(29) ________read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion.Always with a book in my purse,I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side.Books(30)________(help)me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration.Books always make me smile.That’s the biggest reason I believe in reading,because it will make you happy.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one more word than you need.A.extentB.substanceC.normalD.potentialE.refreshingF.instructionsG.function H.caused I.physical J.restore K.mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing(胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age.The research team found that splicing factors canbe switched back on with chemicals,making aging cells not only look____31____younger,but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a____32____naturally found in red wine,dark chocolate,red grapes and blueberries,to cells in culture.The chemicals____33____ splicing factors,which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on.Within hours,the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the___34_____to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old.Most people by the age of85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness,and as people get older they are more prone to stroke,heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying,―This is a first step in trying to make people live___35_____lifetime,but with health for their entire life.Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to____36____to old cells.‖Dr Eva Latorre,Research Associate at the University of Exeter,who carried out the experiments,was surprised by the____37____and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish___38_____I couldn’t believe it.These old cells were looking like young cells.It was like magic,‖she said.―I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rej uvenated.I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.‖As we age,our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or ____39____as they should.These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes.This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age.When activated,genes make a message that gives the____40____for the cell to behave in a certain way.Most genes can make more than one message,which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner,assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston,argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called―executive control‖when it comes to making decisions,_____41___ considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is____42___for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking,or thinking about thinking.But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner_____43____that a wide variety of animals---elephants,chimpanzees(黑猩猩), ravens(大乌鸦)and lions,among others---______44____reasonable decision-making.―These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the___45_____they are evaluating for their goal,they possess a subjective,internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,‖he wrote.The question has been____46____since the days of the ancient philosophers,as people considered what means to be human is.One way to address that,Buckner said,is to ____47____exactly what sets humans apart from other animals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans,and Buckner notes that serious____48____in the1970s and80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language,___49___----found that although they were able to express simple ideas,they did not engage in____50___thought and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable___51___to study the issue,but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments.Buckner,working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A.Reber,mental biologist at the University of Vienna,last year____52____the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds,___53____their behavior by attaching their own observations to others.In his latest paper,Buckner offers several examples to support his____54____.His goal, Buckner said,was to organize experimental research,―to see that we’re gathered enough evide nce to say that animals really are___55_____in a unique way.‖41.A.secretly B.unintentionally C.scarcely D.consciously42.A.required B.qualified C.acquired D.prepared43.A.concerns plains C.conclude D.convinces44.A.turn down B.engage in C.refer to D.argue about45.A.option B.scheme C.regulation D.random46.A.dismissed B.ignored C.debated D.answered47.A.evaluate B.determine C.overlook D.initiate48.A.results B.successes C.achievements D.attempts49.A.for example B.this is to say C.on the contrary D.as a result50.A.obvious B.feasible C.private plex51.A.mystery B.tradition C.evidence D.fiction52.A.substituted B.published C.reflected D.maintained53.A.adapting B.symbolizing C.investigating D.revenging54.A.agreement B.implement C.requirement D.argument55.A.passionate B.reasonable C.confused D.ridiculousSection A(A)We see them everywhere.―There are some things that money can’t buy…for everything else,there’s MasterCard.‖We hear them everywhere.―Make life rewarding…American Express.‖Whether watching television,driving down the highway,or even appearing on our Facebook page,the appeal of money is inescapable.Growing up,my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions.Yet,money and all the new,interesting things it could buy did not escape me.As I entered my freshman year,my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates.Between game-day dresses,steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens,I quickly drained17years worth of savings.By the time summer rolled around,I didn’t consider how much cash I had spent,or how much stuff I had acquired…I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn’t working,I was checking my bank account,try to figure out if my next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment.My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life,creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern.Finally,after a very heated argument with my Dad,I accepted the truth:I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier(and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower)when money was just something in the bank.While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appeal right around the second a new item caught my eye.Towards the end of the summer,I let go of my financial issues–a fter all,I can’t buy more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account.I still go shopping occasionally.But now,those aren’t priorities.My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn’t seek out wealth as a m eans of satisfaction and happiness.Instead,my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought,exchanged,or returned.I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared betwe en my family and friends:―There are some things that money can’t buy…Seek them.‖Unlike cash,this form of wealth grows the moreI give.56.According to the passage,the author feels happy now mainly because______.A.the appeal of money is inescapableB.he values the love between his family and friendsC.his wealth grows by working hard every dayD.he has paid off his debt in cash57.The author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph3in order to______.A.show how to settle problems with othersB.prove how selfish his Dad isC.explain material possessions get him into troubleD.display generation gap between Dad and Son58.The word―comfy‖(paragraph4)probably means______.A.realisticB.individualC.graciousfortable59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Seeking a different kind of wealthB.Letting go of different sufferingsC.Wealth as a means of satisfactionD.Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever,according to an American Psychological Association survey,and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health.If you have any of these symptoms,your stress might be making you sick.Here’s how to battle against them.If you’ve never suffered from headaches bu t suddenly your head is constantly striking,you might be too stressed.Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels(血管)in the brain,which brings on a headache.Stress can cause them or make them worse. It’s also common fo r your muscles to tense up when you’re stressed,which can also cause a headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don’t want to take medicine,try spreading lavender(薰衣草)oil on your temples(太阳穴)when a headache starts.Or try one of thesehome remedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick,too.Too much of the stress hormonecortisol(皮质醇)can make it harder to concentrate,causingmemory problems as well as anxiety or depression,says Dr.Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration.Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly,concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal(old hair follicles(囊)arereplaced by new ones over time),but stress can disturb that cycle.Significant stress p ushes a large number of hair follicles into what’scalled a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out,according to .Stress can also cause the body’s resistantsystem to attack your hair follicles,resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient.Once your stress level returns to normal,your hair should start growing back.60.If you’re stressed,you might have one of the following symptoms EXCEPT that______.A.you keep getting headachesB.you always have a coldC.your hair is falling outD.your brain feels confused61.Which of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D.Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62.What will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Our body’s resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC.Our hair starts growing again.D.A serious headache starts.(C)For many in the general public and the engineering community alike,the potential implications of additive manufacturing(AM)have excited the imagination.Popularly known as 3-D printing,the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively,a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale’s Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field,providing important insights into its environmental,energy,and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects,additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies.What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than,as in traditional manufacturing,removing materials–thus the label―additive.‖―The research in this issue shows that it is too early to label3-D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing,‖said Reid Lifset, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co-author of the lead editorial.―We need to know much more about the material footprints,energy consumption in production,process emissions,a nd especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process.‖Additive manufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production–by consumers,merchants and hobbyists–and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing.Research in this issue,however,indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.―This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies,‖said Indy Burke,Dean of the Yale School of Forestry&Environmental Studies.―If we are to realize the environmental potential of3-D printing,we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie.‖The special issue contains:life cycle assessments(LCA)of AM processes and productsinvestigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologiesstudies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materialsexamination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technologyanalysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63.The word―additive‖in the passage refers to______.A.the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB.the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC.the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD.the traditional way to produce products by removing materials64.The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus on ______.A.the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB.a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC.the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD.the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65.Which of the following can be inferred about the researchers’viewpoint from the p assage?A.3-D printing is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C.AM makes a harmful impact on environment,energy,and health.D.The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66.The passage mainly discusses______.A.investigations of the3-D printing processB.the environmental implications of3-D printingC.studies of3-D printing emissions and materialsD.assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CA.The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women’s husbands.B.He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.C.These include having a higher status,yielding more power,being more self-focused, ambitious and self-confident.D.The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.E.Up to now,researchers have not yet examined how a woman’s married surname choice influences howothers look at her husband.F.Women’s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands’surname after marriage is arguably one of the most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force.According to previous studies,women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others.They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men.__67__These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women,such as being more caring,kind and having less influence and power.__68__For this purpose,Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK.The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms that are opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men.They are described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage.Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general inferences about a couple’s g ender-typed personality characteristics.Results from the third study conducted by Robnett’s team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases.People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapable person.―We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism(蔑视女性)respond negatively to women who violate traditional gender roles,‖says Robnett.―__69__‖―This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in men and women’s romantic relationships and power structures favoring men,‖says Robnett.―__70__ It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despit e privileging men.‖Secure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp,member of the―Signaling Code and Security‖working group,is always surprised about lacking problem awareness:only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken.To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users,customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database.In every payment deal,the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database.This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an―electronic purse‖that works by unknown names,but prevents misuse at the same time.The―black-box addition plus‖(BBA+)code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods.At the same time,BBA+offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system:The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account.―Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers during offline operation as well,‖Andy Rupp says.―This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use.Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge.There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.‖Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use:During first test runs,researchers completed payments within about one second.______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ V.Translation72.他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。
上海市宝山区高三一模物理试题及答案
宝山区2018学年第一学期期末教案质量监控测试高三物理试卷本试卷分第I卷（1—4页）和第II卷（5—8页）两部分。
全卷共8页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第 I 卷（共56分）考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、班级、学校和准考证号，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。
2．第I卷（1—20题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B铅笔涂黑。
注意试卷题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
一．单项选择题1（共16分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项，答案涂在答题卡上）1、下列物理量中，属于矢量的是A．质量 B．温度 C．磁通量 D．电场强度2、下列能源中属于常规能源的是A．太阳能 B．天然气 C．核能 D．潮汐能3、许多科学家在物理学发展过程中做出了重要贡献，下列叙述中符合物理学史实的是A．卡文迪许测出了万有引力常数B．安培最早发现了电流周围存在着磁场C．奥斯特发现了电流的磁效应，总结出了电磁感应定律D．伽利略通过理想斜面实验，总结出了惯性定律4、物体做竖直上抛运动时，在任意相同时间间隔内，速度的变化量A．大小相同、方向相同B．大小相同、方向不同C．大小不同、方向不同D．大小不同、方向相同5、一定质量的某种气体，其压强为P，热力学温度为T，下列说法中正确的是：A．P增大时，单位体积内气体分子数一定增大B．T减小时，单位体积内气体分子数一定增大C．P/T的比值增大时，单位体积内气体分子数一定增大D．P/T的比值增大时，单位体积内气体分子数可能增大，也可能减小6、在探究超重和失重规律时，某体重为G的同学站在一压力传感器上完成一次下蹲动作。
传感器和计算机相连，经计算机处理后得到压力F随时间t变化的图象，则下列图象中可能正确的是7、如图所示，由基本门电路组成的四个电路，其中能使小灯泡发光的是8、2018年12月2日，中国在西昌卫星发射中心用“长征三号乙”运载火箭，将嫦娥三号月球探测器成功送入太空。
上海市宝山区届高三英语一模含答案及听力文本
上海市宝⼭区届⾼三英语⼀模含答案及听⼒⽂本宝⼭区2018学年度第⼀学期期末质量监控试卷⾼三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2018.12 考⽣注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（⾮选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分。
2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写考试号和姓名。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是⼀⼀对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. In two weeks B. Within two weeks C. Two weeks ago D. For two weeks2. A. At the garage B. In a parking lot C. At a car shop D. In a car showroom3. A. Sell the ice cream B. Take a bit of the ice creamC. Make a wishD. Pass up the food4. A. $5.00 B. $ 8.00 C. $ 3.00 D.$2.55. A. She’s unwilling to do itB. She is afraid of donating blood.C. Donating blood is none of her business.D. She’s ready to donate blood.6. A. Sick B. Quite well C. Excited D. Confused7. A. She has only one coat so she can’t choose.B. She has a coat but she doesn’t want to wear it.C. She hopes that the man can lend her oneD. She doesn’t wear a coat since she hasn’t one8. A. She’s wondering how hands she has.B. She doesn’t want to help the man.C. She can’t handle this suitcase by hand.D. She would help the man in hand.9. A. She can’t prevent her family members from missing her.B. She can’t help her family because she is not strong enough.C. She misses her family because she doesn’t do well in the new school.D. She misses her family because she doesn’t get used to the school’s life.10. A. She was busy eating something delicious.B. Johnson was too busy to talk to someone.C. She didn’t notice who Johnson was talking to.D. Johnson was meeting the new guests then.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversations, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the questions you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Waste from animal B. Agricultural chemicalsC. Industrial wasteD. Safe containers12. A. Undamaged metal cans B. All the boxes of juice or milkC. Leaking cansD. Waterproof containers13. A. You should clean up the cans only.B. You should brush the cans and then put them in boiled waterC. You should place the cans in safe areas.D. You should make the cans clean and boil them thoroughlyQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A laboratory assistant B. A chemistry teacherC. A teacher of a laboratoryD. A professor in the hospital15. A. He can make up the class.B. He will be dropped from the class.C. He will reported immediatelyD. He will attend other classes.16. A. it must be fastened tightly together.B. It should be cut right awayC. The students will be asked to leave the class.D. The students’ parents will be called to schoolQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversations17. A. Purple B. Black C. Natural D. Gray18. A. Because she is afraid to appear in a magazine.B. Because she thinks dying hair will do harm to hair.C. Because she hopes to be different from others.D. Because she is afraid to be punished by her parents.19. A. Having it cut immediately B. Letting it beC. Having it dyed againD. Dying it themselves20. A. Dye her hair right away B. Buy some cheap dyeC. Keep her hair naturalD. Choose some special products.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______ (accept)by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know (22) ______ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23)______ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish(24) ______ (rescue)during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) ______ (big)than the story itself. Annemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26)______ (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that (27) ______(be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid, That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing(预⽰). But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) ______ (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowry. The author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her so celebrated.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In most democracies today, people expect women to vote. Women are just as able to make decisions about their ___31___ leaders as men. But 200 years ago, most people didn't think so.As late as the middle of the 19 century only men voted in most Western countries. A few countries or states let women vote in local elections. But women voting was far from ____32____.At that time, people believed that women belonged in the home. That meant they should not get involved with public life. But women in Europe, North America and New Zealand began ___33___ this situation. They believed that they should have a(n) ____34___ in their government's leaders. In 1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft ___35____thatwomen should be able to vote, In the United States, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met while campaigning to put a(n) ___36___ to slavery. In the process, they decided that women also should have more___37___.Yet despite the ___38___ of these women neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote. That honor goes to New Zealand, which changed their law on September 19, 1893. This was because of women like Kate Shepherd. She led a group that presented petitions(请愿书) to their parliament three years in a row. Shepherd is now honored on New Zealand's s10 bill.New Zealand was followed by Australia in 1902 and Finland in 19 zero six. By this time, some U.S. states and territories allowed women to vote. But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.In many countries, the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote. And women have ___39___ that right. In many countries, women have even held their country's highest office. All of that is due to the efforts of women who fought for a(n) ___40___ voiceIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The search for new, clean energy sources have occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common ___41___ for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind power plants rely on strong support and ___42___ can only reach the height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is ___43___ how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable (可充⽓的) wings ___44___ to electrical generator (发电机) on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generator more ___45___ and perfecting the automatic flight control and structure of the kites. Nevertheless, in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate ___46___ at an altitude of up to 700 meters.Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) ___47___ power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses wind blowing, kites are ___48___ from the end ofpoles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming object ___49___ planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitude. The loop (绕⾏) around in the wind, which sets the center of the generator in emotion ___50___ electric current.KiteGen has the ___51___ to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant, little ___52___ investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires ___53___ little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more ___54___.Kite power has the potential to greatly ___55___ on current wind power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient cost efficient supplement to the other sources of energy use or even a replacement for some of them41. A resolution B. proposal C. resource D. substitute42. A. generally B. frequently C. continually D. regularly43. A. carrying out B. figuring out C. breaking out D. picking out44. A. chosen B. applied C. collected D. connected45. A. efficient B. complete C. powerful D. positive46. A. actively B. passively C. automatically D. artificially47. A. strange B. similar C. different D. original48 A fastened B. revealed C. tailored D. released49. A. except for B. instead of C. such as D. due to50. A. producing B. inventing C. promoting D. developing51. A. qualification B. potential C. trend D. intention52. A. normal B. formal C. additional D. alternate53. A. concretely B. abstractly C thoroughly D. relatively54. A. energy B. strength C. technology D. opportunity55. A. focus B. extend C. improve D. transferSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many people experience problems with their spine(脊椎) as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones, in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms that issue as well as the bones. The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spine.This painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk ofosteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. Fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.The most important step is exercise. Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment(排列), Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of which helps keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamin and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D. which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from food. Thus people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets.56 What does this article mainly explain?A. Various aspects of a medical condition.B. The actions of viruses that cause illnesses.C. Drugs often used to solve the physical issue.D. The location of organs in the human body.57. How does the writer begin this article?A. By predicting improvement.B. By analyzing a series of data.C. By introducing minor injuries.D. By describing a gradual process58. What can readers find in this article?A. A warning about working out too hard.B. A method for improving sleep quality.C. A slogan used to promote health classes.D. A big criticism often aimed at doctors.59. What does the article imply about supplement?A. They are mainly for youngsters.B. They are commercial products.C. They are now being researched.D. They are seldom truly effective(B)In late March of 2018, a tear in the earth about 15 meters wide and 20 meters deep suddenly appeared in Kenya, it cut across roads and even split houses in two. This crack appeared out ofnowhere after heavy rains and an increase in seismic activity. Some scientists believe that it is further proof that Africa is slowly splitting apart.Once a very long time ago, Africa and south America were one landmass before they separated. Similarly, one day in the very distant future, a large part of East Africa will split off from the rest of the continent. This will create a new landmarks and a new ocean. The breakup is the result of plate tectonics, the gradual motion of different parts of the Earth's crust.When plates of the Earth separate and tear away from each other. It is called rifting. The result is rift valley. Scientists don't understand the exact mechanism behind rifting. But the result is very easy to observe in the East African Rift System(EARS), That's why studying this part of the world is so important.The East African Rift system begins in the north in Ethiopia, where three plates are moving away from each other. Two of them are continental plates, the African and Arabian plates. They are tectonic plates that have a large landmass above water. The third is the Somali plate, considered a minor plate, which is steadily moving away from the other two. But don't plan on visiting the new ocean anytime soon. The plates are moving at a rate of about 6 millimeters a year. At the speed millions of years will pass before a new ocean is formed.EARS is not all bad news for Kenya. A rift valley is composed of an area where there is increased volcanic activity and thinned planetary crust. This makes it easier to take advantage of the power of steam. For Kenya, this might be an answer to the country's electrical problems. The drought conditions that frequently occur there make it difficult to produce energy. But the geothermal(地热的) power plants going online in 2019 will allow them to produce clean energy with very little water.60 What can be concluded from the passage?A. A war will certainty breakout in Africa.B. A disaster will suddenly strike Africa.C. A geological structure will change in Africa.D. A new country will come into being in Africa61 Which of the following plates might be surrounded by water according to the passage?A. East Africa.B. Somali plate.C. Arabian plate.D. Africa plate.62. What problem may be solved in Kenya thanks to the cracking?A. Poverty.B. Economy.C. Drought.D. Energy.(C)Are you worried about money? If so, I have so me good news for you. Someone once said, “If all your problems can be solved with money, then you don't have any.” I get the point. Unless you are on the edge of losing everything and living in your car (which is a very sad thing that happensto people every day), your perceptions of your problems may not be serving you well.Let's take a look. Can you pay your living expenses and support your family? If so you are OK. Even if you are a family that just barely breaks even every month, you have to count that as a blessing, Most of us also have those terrible, surprising unexpected bills. But unless you you’re your job or your mind, don't you always find a way to take care of those expenses? PERTINENT(切中要害的) QUESTIONSTo see if you worry too much about finances, ask yourself a couple of questions Do you wake up worried about money? Do you check your bank balance and look at upcoming bills more than once every few days or even multiple times a day? If so, then you may have a little financial insecurity going on. Let's look at getting it under control. If it's making you crazy, it can make your family a little crazy too. This type of anxiousness is passed on to others, which is important to remember whenever you have the urge to share your fears.TOO MUCH INFORMATIONTMI (too much information) happens because it seems that by releasing Pent-up(压抑的)feelings of anxiety you will feel better and hopefully more supported and that this can happen but not with your loved ones because they will take all your fair and magnify it. Talk instead with your financial advisor, your bank manager or your therapist. Laying your financial fears at the feet of your family is not good for them or for you. Yes, be honest about any problems, but if you get emotional, so will those closest to youPOSITIVE ACTIONIt's hard to be this passionate about money, but honestly, it's really the best way to get this issue solved. You have to look at it from a practical standpoint. Go over your debts, look closely at your assets and determine the best thing for you to do with your time right now.Maybe you need to use this time to get your books and other only your computer or use it to job hunt or to promote your business. Then again you may need to hire an accountant and go on some interviews. The point is simple: the only way to relieve yourself of the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Financial problems are not vital ones in everyone's daily life.B. You'd better calm down when you have financial problems.C. You needn't worry about unexpected bills even if you're out of work.D. When you have financial fears, remember to share feelings with others.64. The passage implies that ______.A. the best way to deal with money problem is to take positive actionB. as long as we share feelings with others, money fear will disappearC. we should have an optimistic attitude toward financial fearsD. any problem we meet can be solved with the help of money65. The phrase lay your financial fears at the feet of your family in the sixth paragraph probably means ______.A. to solve financial fears caused by your familyB. to help your family smartly avoid financial fearsC to make your family responsible for financial fearsD. to encourage your family to face financial fears bravely66. The best title of the passage is ______.A. Perceptions of money and valueB. Passion, money and familyC. Keeping balance of psychologyD. Dealing with money worriesSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Guilt is one of the most painful emotions that human experience but also one of the most common. Nobody enjoys feeling guilty, but this emotion serves an important purpose: It alerts a person when he or she has done something wrong. This enables the person to make amends and work to heal relationships that were damaged by their actions ____67____ Nevertheless, guilt can be destructive if it is not dealt with in the right way, It can cause people to avoid others because they are too embarrassed to apologize for their actions or inactions. Some try to avoid at the pain of duty by turning to other worse habits. ____68____ The proper response to guilt depends on what kind of guilt you're dealing with. For false guilty, it's important to recognize that the guilt does not reflect an actual ethical failure.For example, some false guilt focuses on failing to meet expectations you had for yourself. ___69___ No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.It is also important to acknowledge what you're feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal, Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change.___70___ If so, don't try to conceal it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Getting on well with the person youhurt should make you guilty feeling fade.Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it wellIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Have you ever been involved in animal rescue? This is what happened to Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body. The fisherman who found her called for help, and the rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium in Florida. The doctors managed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. He tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail. She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine. Kevin Carroll heard Winter's story and for thought, he would could help. He is a specialist who designs and providesprostheses for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail section Kevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit winter's body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now winter can swim like other dolphins. And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 交友时不要以貌取⼈。
2018年上海市宝山区高考英语一模试卷
【答案】
like,are cherished,easier,to escape,written,When,Nothing,drinking,who/that,helped
【考点】
说明文语法填空
【解析】
作者介绍他最好的朋友是书．介绍书给我们带来的好处，书是他多年的伙伴，倡议人们多看书．
【解答】
21．like．考查介词．句意：他们就像孩子一样会成长，成熟．使用介词like像．
The discovery has the（4）_______ to lead to therapies that could help people age better，without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old．Most people by the age of 85have experienced some kind of chronic illness，and as people get older they are more prone to stroke，heart disease and cancer．
2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷和参考答案及听力原文
2018 年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyWhy My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the bac kground says ― Oh, why didn ' t you think of that before? ‖, th Beeyl i emfsa t ucrhea n agned grow just(21)a child. The best beliefs are the ones that (22) ( cherish) throughout alifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is (23) (easy) when you ' reh aving fun.Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another person, Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24) (escape). I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Wh ether it ' s a fantasy an ohvisetol orirc al account, you learn whenyou read. It provides grammar and (25) (write) language skills. Reading teaches us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all rad the same books. (27) is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28) (drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29)read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30) (help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. That ' sthe biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. extentB. substanceC. normalD. potentialE. refreshingF. instructionsG. function H.caused I.physical J.restore K. mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing ( 胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look 31 younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a 32 naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals 33 splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the 34 to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, ―This is a first step in trying to make people live35 lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to 36 to old cells. ‖Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the Universityof Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the 37 and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish 38 I couldn 't believe it. Theseold cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic, ‖ she said. ―I repeated the experimseveral times and in each case the cells rej uvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research. ‖As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or39 as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the 40for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions. III.Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner, assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston, argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called ― executive control w‖h en it comes to making decisions, 41 considering their goals and ways tosatisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is 42 for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking, or thinking about thinking. But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner 43 that a wide variety of animals -- -elephants, chimpanzees（黑猩猩）, ravens（大乌鸦） and lions, among others --44 reasonable decision-making.― These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the 45 they are evaluating for their goal, they possess a subjective, internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options, wrote. ‖ hThe question has been 46 since the days of the ancient philosophers, as people considered what means to be human is. One way to address that, Buckner said, is to47 exactly what sets humans apart from other animals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans, and Buckner notes that serious 48 in the 1970s and 80s to teach animal 'sh uman language —teaching chimpanzees to use sign language, 49found that although they were able to expresssimple ideas, they did not engage in 50thought and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable 51 to study the issue, but today 's researcher conductcomplicated controlled experiments. Buckner, working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A. Reber, mentalbiologist at the University of Vienna, last year 52 the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds, 53 their behavior by attaching their own observations to others.In his latest paper, Buckner offers several examples to support his 54 . His goal,Buckner said, was to organize experimental research, ―to see that we 're gathered enough evide nce to say that animals really are 55 in a unique way. ‖Section A(A)We see them everywhere. ― There are some things that money can 'bt uy ⋯ for everything else, there 'Msa sterCard. W ‖e hear them everywhere. ―Make life rewarding ⋯A merican Express. W ‖h ether watching television,driving down the highw ay, or even appearing on our Facebook page, the appeal of money is inescapable. Growing up, my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions. Yet, money and all the new, interesting things it could buy did not escape me. As I entered my freshman year, my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates. Between game-day dresses, steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens, I quickly drained 17 years worth of savings.By the time summer rolled around, I didn 'cto nsider how much cash I had spent, or how much stuff I had41. A. secretly 42. A. required 43. A. concerns 44. A. turn down 45. A. option 46. A. dismissed 47. A. evaluate B. unintentionally B. qualified B. complains B. engage in B. scheme B. ignored B. determine C. scarcely C. acquired C. conclude C. refer to C. regulationC. debatedC. overlookD. consciouslyD. preparedD. convincesD. argue aboutD. random D. answered D. initiate 48. A. results 49. A. for example 50. A. obvious 51. A. mystery 52. A. substituted 53. A. adapting 54. A. agreement 55. A. passionate B. successesB. this is to sayB. feasibleB. traditionB. publishedB. symbolizingB. implementB. reasonableC. achievements C. on the contrary C. private C. evidence C. reflected C. investigating C. requirement C. confusedD. attempts D. as a result D. complex D. fiction D. maintained D. revenging D. argument D. ridiculousacquired ⋯I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn ' t working, I was checking my bank account, try to figure out if m y next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment. My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life, creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern. Finally, after a very heated argument with my Dad, I accepted the truth: I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier (and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower) when money was just something in the bank. While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appealright around the second a new item caught my eye. Towards the end of the summer, I let go of my financial issues –a fter all, I can 'btu y more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account. I still go shopping occasionally. But now, those aren My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn ' t seek out wealth as a m eans of satisfaction and happiness. Instead, my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought, exchanged,or returned. I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared betwe en my family and friends: ― There are some things that money can ' t buy ⋯Seek th eUmnl.ike ‖cash, this form of wealth grows the more I give.56. A ccording to the passage, the author feels happy now mainly because .A. the appeal of money is inescapableB. he values the love between his family and friendsC. his wealth grows by working hard every dayD. he has paid off his debt in cash57. The author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph 3 in order to .A. show how to settle problems with othersB. prove how selfish his Dad isC. explain material possessions get him into troubleD. display generation gap between Dad and Son58. The word ― comfy ‖ (paragrap hp r4o)bably means.A. realisticB. individualC. graciousD. comfortable59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Seeking a different kind of wealthB. Letting go of different sufferingsC. Wealth as a means of satisfactionD. Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stress might be making you sick. Here o battle ag'aisn shto twhe tm.If you ' ve never suffered from headaches bu t suddenly your head is constantly striking, you might be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels（血管） in the brain, which brings on a headache. Stress can cause them or make them worse. It 'asls o common fo r your muscles to tense up when you ' rset ressed, which can also cause a headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don ' t want to take medicine, try spreading lavend薰er衣（草）oil on your temples（太阳穴）when a headache starts. Or try one of thesehome remedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of the stress hormone cortisol （皮质醇）can make it harder to concentrate, causing memory problems as well as anxiety or depression, says Dr. Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal （old hair follicles （囊）arereplaced by new ones over time）, but stress can disturb that cycle.Significant stress p ushes a large number of hair follicles into what ' scalled a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out, according to .Stress can als o cause the body ' s resistant system to attack your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back.60. If you ' re stressed, you might have one of the following sympmtos EXCEPT that .A. you keep getting headachesB. you always have a coldC. your hair is falling outD. your brain feels confused61. Which of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C. Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D. Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62. What will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Our body 's resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC. Our hair starts growing again.D. A serious headache starts.（C）For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing （AM） have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3D printing, the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale 's Journal of Industrial Ecology presents th-ee cdugteti nregsearchon this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing, removing materials –thus the label ― additive. ‖― The research in this issue showsthat it is too early to label 3- D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing, ‖ said Reid Lifset,editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co- author of the lead editorial. ―We needto know much more about the material footprints, energy consumption in production, process emissions, a nd especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process. ‖ Additivmea nufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production –by consumers, merchants and hobbyists –and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing. Research in this issue, however, indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.―This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies, sai‖d Indy Burke, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Enviro nmental Studies. ―If we are to realize the environmental potential of 3-D printing, we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie. ‖The special issue contains:life cycle assessments (LCA) of AM processes and products investigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologies studies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materials examination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technologyanalysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63. The word ― additive ‖ in the p raesfsearsg eto .A. the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB. the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC. the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD. the traditional way to produce products by removing materials64. The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus onA.the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB.a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC. the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD. the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65. Which of the follo wing can be inferred about the researchers ' viewpoint from the p assage? A.3-Dprinting is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C. AM makes a harmful impact on environment, energy, and health.D. The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66. The passage mainly discusses .A.investigations of the 3-D printing processB.the environmental implications of 3-D printingC. studies of 3-D printing emissions and materialsD. assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CA. The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women husbands. 'sB.He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.C. These include having a higher status, yielding more power, being more self-focused, ambitious and selfconfident.D. The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.E. Up to now, researchers have not yet examined how a woman 's marr i eced surname choinfluences howothers look at her husband.F. W omen' s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands urname af'ter smarriage is arguably one ofthe most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force.According to previous studies, women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others. They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men. 67 These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women, such as being more caring, kind and having less influence and power.68 For this purpose, Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK. The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms thatare opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men. They are described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage. Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general inferences about a couple 'gs ender-typed personality characteristics.Results from the third study conducted by Robnett 's team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases. People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapableperson. ―We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism蔑（视女性）respond negatively to women who violate traditional gender roles, ‖s ays Robnett. ― 69 ‖― This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in men and women 's romantic relationships and power structures favoring men, 70‖ says Robnett.It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despit e privileging men. ‖IV. Summary WritingSecure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the ― Signaling Code and Security w‖o rking group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To preventcontrol of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an ― electronic purse ‖th at works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The -box add―itibolna cpklus ‖ (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account.―Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers during offline operation aswell, ‖An dy Rupp says. ―This is needed for ensuring the payment system 's suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow. effic‖ien Acyls om iatsk ehsig t h e code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second.V. Translation72. 他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。
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2018年宝山区高三一模语文试题一积累应用 10分1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）彼童子之师，________________________，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。
（韩愈《师说》）（2）不知天上宫阙，________________________？（苏轼《·明月几时有》）（3）张养浩《山坡羊·潼关怀古》以“伤心秦汉经行处，宫阙万间都做了土”写王朝的盛衰兴亡；李白《登金陵凤凰台》写王朝盛衰兴亡的句子是“________________________，。
”2.按要求选择（5分）（1）一位歌唱家看到学生在舞台上的表现，由衷赞叹。
下列最适合他引用的诗句是（）。
（2分）（最适合2分，部分适合1分）A.落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。
B.江山代有才人出，各领风骚数百年。
C.年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同。
D.桐花万里丹山路，雏凤清于老凤声。
（2）填入下面语段横线处的句子，最恰当的—项是（）（3分）（最恰当3分，部分恰当2分，能连贯1分，全不连贯0分）革命导师这种尊重实践的严肃的科学态度，给我们极大的教育。
他们并不认为自己提出的理论是已经完成了的绝对真理或“顶峰”，可以不受实践检验的；；更不要说那些根据个别情况作出的个别论断了。
A.并不认为只要是他们作出的结论不管实际情况如何都不能改变B.并不以为因是自己作出之结论则无论实情如何都不能加以改变C.从实践中来对实践总结概括的规律性理论也要接受实践的检验D.他们尊重从实践中来对实践高度概括的带有普遍规律性的理论二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
（16分）对技术美学和美学的一点认识钱学森①我曾写文章谈论文学艺术和科学技术之间的关系,我说文学艺术的创作也总要有个科学技术的基础,没有纸张、印刷,也就难有今天的文学；没有摄影技术和电声技术，也就不可能有今天的电影。
这是一个方面的关系，可以说是科学技术为艺术服务．．，现在我们的“技术美学”是一门把美学运用到技术领域中去的新兴科学，可以说是另—个方面的关系，是美术为科学技术的产品设计和制造服务．．。
②我那篇文字,也讲到科学技术的产品设计和制造中的美术问题,例如各种日用品,杯、碗、盘、瓶等，衣着服饰等,图书装帧等,以至产品包装等,要做到“美观大方”又经济实用，这大概属于工艺美术。
从经济效益看，这也不是件小事。
例如目前在我国，—方面人民手里有钱，要穿得更好些；另一方面纺织工业又开工不足，纤维原料等库存积压。
原来是衣料布匹花色品种太单调，不美观，所以人民不喜欢。
这里工艺美术是可以帮助解决问题的，从而创造出以亿元计的价值。
因此工艺美术是件大事。
③其实这个领域还可以扩大些，包括一切产品的设计，一台机器的外形、色彩，难道就不需要搞得“美观大方”些吗? 从前我国制造的机器总爱漆成暗灰色，很难看。
现在色调浅些，常常是淡灰色，是个进步。
这样，工艺美术就该扩大成为“技术美术”,它更是社会主义物质文明建设和社会主义精神文明建设的大事了。
④我以前曾把艺术分成六个大部门：小说杂文、诗词歌赋、建筑艺术、书画雕塑等造型艺术、音乐，以及戏剧电影等综合性的艺术。
现在看，这六大部门包括不了。
出了一个把科学技术产品和造型艺术结合起来的部门 ----技术美术；艺术要分成七大部门了。
当然这种分法的认识过程并没有结束，还会有发展。
例如我最近也在考虑：有我国特色的园林艺术应不应包括在建筑艺术之内? 因为园林艺术是一种改造生活环境的艺术，比建筑艺术综合性更高。
如果这样，那艺术又要再加一个大部门----园林艺术。
⑤厦门全国美学学会第二届年会中，与会同志除了肯定技术美学之外，还对部门艺术美学的问题展开了讨论，强调美学的研究还应强调部门艺术美学的探讨，更多地注意到艺术各部门的特性。
从这一观点看，我们这里说的技术美学应该是联系技术美术的部门艺术美学。
有多少部门美学呢? 有多少艺术的大部门，就有多少部门美学。
照前面讲的,就该有小说杂文美学、诗词歌赋美学、建筑美学、造型美学、音乐美学、戏剧电影美学、技术美学,或再加上一个园林美学。
⑥研究学问是一个人认识客观事物的过程,这个过程总是从个别到一般、再用上升到一殷的规律来指导更深入的对个别的研究。
部门艺术美学的研究是一条必须经历的道路;从艺术实践到理性认识、部门艺术美学,再到一般美学，最后到马克思主义哲学这一人类认识的最高概括。
这条认识道路的顶峰．．是马克思主义哲学。
根据这个思想,我曾提出，美学是艺术的创作实践到马克思主义哲学的桥梁．．。
⑦以上这条思路也许是有助于美学的研究的。
目前大家对美学的见解还不很一致,有同志说美学现在还偏重于哲理性的探讨，建议要从心理学等方面来研究美学。
走心理学的路是可取的。
但我认为如果要说得更完整些，就应该引用思维科学这个概念，因为美感是人思维过程的结果。
这是从人的思维实践来研究美学，所以我以前想把美学作为思维科学的一门学问。
但我现在认为这不妥，这是基于以下的理由：⑧人的美感与人的社会实践和社会意识有直接关系，不完全决定于人脑思维方式和规律,如抽象思维、形象思维和灵感思维。
即便两个人的思维方法和规律相接近，但社会实践不同从而社会意识不同,美感也很不一样。
在阶级社会中，统治阶级的美感同被压迫被统治的劳动人民的美感不一样；而在今天,有些人认为是美的东西，而我们大多数人都说是精神污染!真是天南地北, 绝然不同。
所以美的实践又是一项人的社会活动的产物，必须从社会活动的规律去理解。
没有什么脱离社会实践的所谓美。
⑨这样,研究美学还必须考虑又一条路子：考察艺术的创造和欣赏这项社会活动的规律。
3.第①段加点词“服务”在文中的意思是。
(2分）4.对第⑥段“顶峰”、“桥梁”比喻的作用，分析正确的—项是（）（2分）A.阐明了技术美学和美学的研究思路。
B.阐明了技术美学和美学的学科地位。
C.阐明了技术美学和美学的研究宗旨。
D.阐明了技术美学和美学的学科结构。
5.依据本文，对“技术美学”的理解正确的一项是（）（3分）A.技术美学是艺术与科学结合、把美学运用到技术领域的新兴科技门类。
B.技术美学是研究科学技术产品设计和制造中美术问题的工艺美术学科。
C.技术美学是一门把科学技术产品和造型艺术结合起来的综合艺术门类。
D.技术美学是以研究技术美术的实践和理性认识为特性的部门艺术美学。
6.第⑧段划线句是一个概括性事例，请分析这一事例是如何证明“把美学作为思维科学的一门学问不妥”这一观点的。
（4分）7.简要分析本文的层次。
（5分）（二）阅读下文，完成第8-11题。
（15分）《春天里的秋天》序巴金①春天。
枯黄的原野变绿了。
新绿的叶子在枯枝上长出来。
阳光温柔地对着每个人微笑，鸟儿在歌唱飞翔。
花开放着，红的花，白的花，紫的花。
星闪耀着，红的星，绿的星，白的星。
蔚蓝的天，自由的风，梦一般美丽的爱情。
②每个人都有春天。
无论是你，或者是我，每个人在春天里都可以有欢笑，有爱情，有陶醉。
③然而秋天在春天里哭泣了。
④这一个春天，在迷人的南国的古城里，我送走了我的一段光阴。
⑤秋天的雨落了，但是又给春天的风扫尽了。
⑥在雨后的一个晴天里，我同两个朋友走过泥泞的道路。
走过石板的桥，走过田畔的小径，去访问一个南国的女性，一个我不曾会过面的疯狂（得了精神病）的女郎。
⑦在一个并不很小的庄院的门前，我们站住了。
一个说着我不懂的语言的小女孩给我们开了黑色的木栅门，这木栅门和我的小说里的完全不同。
这里是本地有钱人的住家。
⑧在一个阴暗的房间里，我看见了我们的主人。
宽大的架子床，宽大的凉席，薄薄的被。
她坐起来，我看见了她的上半身。
是一个正在开花的年纪的女郎。
⑨我们三个坐在她对面一张长凳上。
一个朋友说明了来意。
她只是默默地笑，笑得和哭一样。
我默默地看了她几眼。
我就明白我那个朋友所告诉我的一切了。
留在那里的半个多小时内，我们谈了不到十句以上的话，看见了她十多次秋天的笑。
⑩别了她出来，我．怀着一颗秋天的痛苦的心。
我．想起我．的来意，我．那想帮助她的来意，我．差不多要哭了。
⑪一个女郎，一个正在开花的年纪的女郎……我一生里第一次懂得疯狂的意义了。
⑫我的许多年来的努力，我的用血和泪写成的书，我的生活的目标无一不是在：帮助人，使每个人都得着春天，每颗心都得着光明，每个人的生活都得着幸福，每个人的发展都得着自由。
我给人唤起了渴望，对于光明的渴望；我在人的前面安放了一个事业，值得献身的事业。
然而我的一切努力都给另一种势力摧残了。
在唤醒了一个年轻的灵魂以后，只让他或她去受更难堪的蹂躏和折磨。
⑬于是那个女郎疯狂了。
不合理的社会制度，不自由的婚姻、传统观念的束缚，家庭的专制，不知道摧残了多少正在开花的年青的灵魂，我的二十八年的岁月里，已经堆积了那么多、那么多的阴影了。
在那秋天的笑，像哭一样的笑里，我看见了过去一个整代的青年的尸体。
我仿佛听见一个痛苦的声音说：“这应该终结了。
”⑭《春天里的秋天》不止是一个温和地哭泣的故事，它还是一个整代的青年的呼吁。
我要拿起我的笔做武器，为他们冲锋，向着这垂死的社会发出我的坚决的呼声“Jeaccuser”(我控诉)。
一九三二年五月【链接】秋天，绿的凉亭枯黄了。
霜蚀了的树叶从枝上落下来。
但太阳依旧带来温暖的微笑透过窗户。
它在向着桌上失了香色的花儿谎说春天。
只向着花儿吗？不，向着每个人。
向着你，也向着我。
阳光偷偷地进了心中，在下霜的秋天拿了春的回忆来温暖那些心儿。
——摘自巴金译匈牙利作家尤利·巴基的小说《秋天里的春天》。
8.从写法和情感两方面比较本散文①③段的景物描写与“链接”的景物描写的异同。
（6分）9.艾青说“比喻的作用，在于使一切无生命的东西活起来，而且赋予思想感情。
”请以本散文中划线的比喻为例阐释艾青的话。
（3分）10.巴金的散文好用“我”，以第⑩段为例赏析用“我”叙述抒情的效果。
（3分）11.评析本文最后三段所表现的思想感情的意义。
（3分）（三）阅读下面的作品，完成第12-14题。
（8分）拟咏怀·其二十六①南北朝庾信萧条亭障②远，凄惨风尘多。
关门临白狄③，城影入黄河。
秋风别苏武，寒水送荆轲。
谁言气盖世，晨起帐中歌。
【注】①庾信为南朝梁臣，奉命初试北朝西魏；但梁为西魏所灭，被滞仕魏，羞愤抑郁。
后北周代魏，庾信累官至开府仪同三司。
此诗作于其任北周弘农郡守时，时南朝陈与北周通好，流寓人士，并许归还故国，唯庾信与王褒不得回南方。
②亭障：边境的堡垒。
③白狄：古民族名。
12.从题材看，本诗属于（）。
(1分）A.咏史B.怀古C.怀人D.羁旅13.对本诗意境的评价最适合的是（）。
（2分）A.纯一混茫B.凄惨萧索C.苍凉壮阔D.清幽凄冷14.全诗是怎样表达作者思想情感的？试结合具体诗句加以赏析。
（5分）（四）阅读下文，完成第15-20题。
（18分）①刘茂字子卫，太原晋阳人也。
少孤，独侍母居。