高中英语:现在分词和过去分词的用法及区别 PPT
Unit 5 非谓语动词之现在分词及过去分词做后置定语和状语课件 高中英语人教新课标必修二
怎么确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语
非谓语动词短语做名词(代词)的后置定语,其逻辑主语一般为该_名__词__(_代__词_ )
非谓语动词短语充当一个句子的状语,其逻辑主语为一般为__句__子__的__主__语__
思考: • 非谓语动词和谓语动词在形式上有何异同?(比如说被动语态和过去分词) • 非谓语动词和谓语动词在意义上有何联系?(比如现在进行时和现在分词) • 助动词在谓语中扮演着什么样的重要角色?
(广西普通高中学业水平合格性考试 参考样卷)
然后他写了一本(被)叫做《齐民要术》的书来帮助他们。 伴随状语
People probably cooked their food in large pots, using twigs (树枝) to remove it. (2016 全国卷III)
人们也许会在大锅里烹煮他们的食物,(同时会)使用树枝来夹取它。
2
New Lesson
学而不思则罔
非谓语动词有哪些基本形式?
to do 不定式 doing 现在分词 动名词 done 过去分词
现在分词和过去分词有哪些基本含义?
The falling leaf in the sky is like a butterfly . 飘飞的树叶宛如一只蝴蝶。
The fallen leaf on the road is like a piece of gold. 飘落的树叶宛如一叶黄金。
Thank you for your company.
Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.
过去分词和现在分词的用法和形式
过去分词和现在分词的用法和形式过去分词和现在分词是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。
它们在句子中具有多种用法和形式,能够表达不同的动作或状态。
在本文中,我们将探讨过去分词和现在分词的用法和形式。
一、过去分词的形式和用法过去分词是以-ed、-en或其他不规则的形式构成的。
它通常与助动词“have”或“had”连用,构成完成时态或过去完成时态。
过去分词也可以作为形容词来使用。
1. 完成时态当过去分词与助动词“have”或“had”连用时,构成了不同的完成时态。
例如:- We have visited Paris before.(我们以前去过巴黎。
)- She had finished her homework by the time I arrived.(我到达的时候,她已经完成了作业。
)2. 形容词过去分词可以作为形容词,修饰名词或代词。
例如:- The broken window needs to be fixed.(那个破窗户需要修理。
)- The lost key was found in the living room.(丢失的钥匙在客厅里找到了。
)二、现在分词的形式和用法现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,常用于进行时态,或作为形容词和副词来使用。
1. 进行时态现在分词与“be”动词连用,构成了进行时态,表示正在进行的动作或状态。
例如:- He is studying for the exam.(他正在为考试复习。
)- They were playing basketball in the park.(他们在公园里打篮球。
)2. 形容词现在分词可以作为形容词,修饰名词或代词。
例如:- The running water is very clear.(流动的水非常清澈。
)- I saw a crying baby on the street.(我在街上看到一个哭泣的婴儿。
)3. 副词现在分词还可以作为副词,修饰动词或整个句子。
现在分词和过去分词的区别
过去分词作表语
描述主语的状态或信仰,如 "I am convinced."
现在分词作状语
时间
Using Facebook every morning is his habit.
原因
Feeling bored, she passed the time by making pizza.
方式
The cowboy crossed the plain riding his horse.
过去分词作定语
被动语态
The lost ball was found behind the couch.
描述状态
The broken pencil cannot be used.
描述感受
The frightened deer ran away immediately.
过去分词作表语
1 描述状态
2 描述感受
3 描述事件结果
The flowers are wilted.
I was thrilled with the gift.
The job was done.
构成方式
1
现在分词
大多数动词加 -ing,但有一些变化,如双写结尾的词,或结尾为 -ie 的动词变为 -ying。
2
过去分词
大多数动词加 -ed 结尾,但是一些动词有它们自己的形式。也有其他表示过去的 形式,如- d 或 -t。
3
不规则动词
有些动词的现在分词和过去分词是相同的形式,如 cut 和 put。
用法区别
现在分词作定语
描述正在发生的动作,如 “the running man”。
现在分词作状语
描述一个动作发生的时间、原因、方式等, 如 "Walking slowly, he enjoyed the breeze."
现在分词和过去分词的区别
现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。
1)语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。
试比较:surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动,即被惊讶的)an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)excited spectators 激动的观众(被动,即被引起激动的)a moving film 一部感动人的影片。
A moved audience 受感动的观众A tiring journey 累人的旅行A tired football player 累了的足球运动员He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。
She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。
也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的,它们只表示一个动作已完成,没有被动的意味。
如:the risen sun 升起的太阳fallen leaves 落叶the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹a retired miner 退休矿工returned students 归国留学生2)时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。
试比较:the changing world 正在变化着的世界the changed world 已经起了变化的世界boiling water 正在开的水boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家分词和分词短语的用法1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。
如:I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词(动词-ing形式)和过去分词的主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
一、现在分词和过去分词作定语的用法单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(少数动词除外),分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。
作定语的现在分词和过去分词的区别在于:现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是主动关系,现在分词表示动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生;过去分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系,过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。
有一点要指出的是:现在分词的被动式既表进行,又表被动。
1. 前置定语(1)现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。
二者都表主动。
the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun已经升起的太阳developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家the boiling water正在沸腾的水the boiled water已经烧开的水(2)现在分词表主动或进行,过去分词表被动。
remaining money 剩下的钱working people劳动人民____________a sleeping child一个睡着的孩子written English书面英语a man-made satellite人造卫星a newly-built school新修的学校the exciting news令人激动的消息the excited people感到激动的人们a puzzling problem令人迷惑的问题a puzzled look感到迷惑的表情2.后置定语(1)现在分词的主动式表主动或进行;过去分词在语态上表被动,在时间上或表过去发生,或表没有时间性。
There are 20 people working for the project. 有20人参与这个项目。
英语:现在分词和过去分词用法之异同
4.Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句 who were invited 5.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句who were invited 6.The computer centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后, 可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替 7.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句which were written
1.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在整个句中应作状语; 再根据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系,即欧洲足 球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此,该题应选A。 2.____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析:该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。 3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析:该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。
英语:现在分词和过去分词用法之异同
1.The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说
明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关
是被动关系。因此,该题应选D。
3. I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail
B. sailing
C. to sail
D. to have sailed
简析: 该题应选B。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词, Peter 是动 名词的逻辑主语。 4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face. A. moved 发出的动作。 B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析: 该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正
4. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析:该题应选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语,通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。 另外,分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一 致时,需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把 该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。) 例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的 主语 The murderer , 而 his hands 对于动词 tie 来说,只能是被动承 受。因此,该题应选D。
现在分词与过去分词的用法之异同
1.This news sounds ____. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表语,因 为 sounds 在此句中用作连系动词;再根据 The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系,即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此, 该题应选A。 2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析:首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来 说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴; 换言之, 他的父亲因 为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应选C。 3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very ____. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析:该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。
是被动关系。因此,该题应选D。
3. I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail
B. sailing
C. to sail
D. to have sailed
简析: 该题应选B。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词, Peter 是动 名词的逻辑主语。 4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face. A. moved 发出的动作。 B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析: 该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正
过去分词和现在分词的用法
过去分词和现在分词的用法一、概述过去分词和现在分词是英语中常见的两种非谓语动词形式,它们的用法相对较多且复杂。
本文将详细介绍过去分词和现在分词的用法,包括其基本形式、构成方式、语法作用等方面。
二、过去分词的基本形式及构成方式1. 基本形式过去分词是一种非谓语动词形式,通常由动词原形加上-ed构成。
例如:played, walked, talked等。
2. 构成方式(1)一般情况下,动词原形加上-ed构成过去分词。
例如:play-played, walk-walked, talk-talked等。
(2)以e结尾的动词,在末尾只需加-d即可。
例如:love-loved, like-liked等。
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,将y变为i后加-ed。
例如:study-studied, try-tried等。
(4)部分不规则动词需要记忆其过去分词形式。
例如:go-gone, eat-eaten, drink-drunk等。
三、过去分词的用法1. 作定语过去分词可以作为定语修饰名词或代词,表示被修饰物所受到的动作或状态。
例如:a broken cup(一个破碎的杯子)、a tired man(一个疲惫的人)等。
2. 作表语过去分词可以作为表语,表示主语所处的状态或被动动作。
例如:The door is closed.(门已经关上了。
)3. 作宾补过去分词可以作为及物动词的宾语补足语,表示被动动作或状态。
例如:I saw him beaten up by the gangsters.(我看到他被黑帮殴打了。
)4. 与情态动词连用过去分词可以与情态动词连用,表示完成的被动意义。
例如:He should have been told the truth.(他应该被告知真相。
)5. 与助动词连用过去分词可以与助动词have, has, had连用,构成完成时态和完成进行时态,表示已经发生的事情或正在进行的事情已经完成。
现在分词与过去分词的差别
1. 现在分词与过去分词的差别英语中的分词分两种:现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。
虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等,但是它们形式不同,而且语义也有差别。
现在从四方面举例说明。
⒈现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行的(例①-③);过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的(例④-⑥):① The boiling water is hot.② A sleeping baby is good to look at.③ She has a smiling face.④ You can use the boiled water to make tea.⑤ Where is my lost key?⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired.有时,由于两个动词“异词同义”,其分词也跟着不同,如:⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?⒉在语义上,现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。
前者有“令人……”的含义(见例⑨);过去分词则有“感到……”的意思(见例⑩):⑨ The soccer match last night was thrilling.(令人紧张)⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.(感到高兴)其他例子有:● amazing: amazed● annoying: annoyed● boring: bored● confusing: confused● surprising: surprised● terrifying: terrified试比较11a和b以及12a和b:11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.12a. David came with some surprising news.12b. All were surprised at Sam’s sudden resignation.⒊在作宾语补足语时,如果宾语是有关分词逻辑上的主语,就用现在分词,如 :13. The teacher found a student dozing off.14. Don’t keep the visitor waiting.如果宾语和有关分词有“动词+宾语”关系,那么这个分词就要是过去分词了,如:15. Where did you get your book printed?16. You should have your office whitewashed.在13里,正在打瞌睡的是宾语“a studen t“;在14里,宾语是“the visitor”。
现在分词和过去分词PPT课件
The Present Participle
.
现在分词的形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
Doing
Being done
完成式
ne
• 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语 动词的动作同时发生。如:
She sat there reading a novel.
其中一位代表提出了一个令人难堪的问题。
.
现在分词短语做定语时通常后置, 相当于一个定语从句
• Most of the young teachers working in this university are
Ph.D..
在这所大学工作的大多数 年轻教师都是博士。
相当于定语从句:who work in this university
现在分词短语强调与谓语动词的动作发生的顺序时,前 面可带有when,while,after,before,since等从属连词。
.
现在分词(短语)作原因状语
• Having no place to go, the man wandered about in the
street.
由于没有要去的地方,那个男
.
现在分词(短语)作条件状语
• Working hard, you will succeed. 努力工作,你就会成功。
• Standing on the building, you can see the whole city. 站在那座楼上,你会看到整个城市。
.
现在分词(短语)作让步状语
• Such committees, being very balanced, almost never succeed in making unequivocal judgments. 这种委员会虽然代表性很均衡,但几乎从未做出 过十分明确的决定。
现在分词和过去分词的用法异同
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,句子后半部分是一个作定语、修
饰 noise 的分词短语;再根据句意“一阵闪电之后,接着就是一声巨
响。”可知,巨响应是主动,紧接在闪电之后的。因此,该题应选B。
-They got very ____.
A . excite B . excited
C . excitedly D . exciting
简析:该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。
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三、分词作宾语补足语 共同点:分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足 语,对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点:分词作宾语补足语时,句子的宾语就 是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之 间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词 所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分词则表示被动关 系,所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
不定式todo分词动名词ing过去分词ed现在分词inging形式ed分词现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点
现在分词和过去分词的用法异 同
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现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中 的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知,两种分词的 区别很多,但它们之间的根本区别是:
据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系,即欧洲足球使之本 身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此,该题应选A。
2.____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
现在分词和过去分词
把下列句子合并成一句并把动词改成其分词形式:
1) There were a lot of people who were standing there. There were a lot of people standing there. 2) I saw him. He was listening to the radio. I saw him listening to the radio. 3) Many people are looking for the treasure which is hidden. Many people are looking for the hidden treasure. 4) When Mr Chen stayed in China, he felt very happy. Staying in China, Mr Chen felt quite happy. 5) After she had stayed in China for a long time, Miss Li came to love it. Having stayed in China for a long time, Miss Li came to love it.
Having finished the course, I had an exam.
Participle (phrases) used
as
adverbial
分词做状语
1.时间状语
Hearing the bell, the students went into the classroom
=When the students heard the bell, they went into the classroom.
非谓语动词之现在分词与过去分词区别
非谓语动词之“现在分词”的用法现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成,具有动词的特点,在句中可作宾语补足语,定语,状语。
一、作宾语补足语。
(有“主动”的意思)感官动词后可用现在分词作宾语补足语。
感官动词有:一感。
(feel)二听。
(hear,listen to)四看。
(see,watch,notice,find)如:I heard the girl singing an English song when I came into the room.例题:1.-Do you often find Tom (play)on the playground after school ?-Y es,and I found him (play)on the playground just now .2. – Do you often see Mary (draw)picture in her room ?- Y es,and she was seen (draw)a horse just now.区别:现在分词作宾补表示宾语动作的瞬间,省to不定式作宾补表示宾语动作的过程。
补充:keep sb doing sth 使某人干某事,stop sb doing sth 阻止某人干某事二、作定语。
(有“主动”的意思)1、There is a girl singing an English song in the room. 有个女孩在房间里唱英文歌。
2、The man wearing a black coat may be Lucy’s father .穿着黑色外套的那个男子可能是Lucy 的爸爸。
例题:1、This is the best way (solve)the problem.2、I know the woman (wait)at the bus stop.区别:现在分词作定语有被修饰的人“正在做某事”的意思,但动词不定式没有。
现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法一、现在分词(一)现在分词的定义:现在分词(Present Participle )(又称-ing 形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,由动词原形+ing 形式组成。
具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。
(二)现在分词的功能与用法:1. 作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。
与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。
一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
e.g. a running boy à a boy w ho is running who is runningthe girl s tanding there standing there à a girl w ho is standing there who is standing there例如:The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at 2)使役动词:have get catch leave set注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to 的不定式作宾补)。
年中考英语语法非谓语专题3 现在分词和过去分词 课件
5.It was so cold that they kept the fire _b_u__r_n__in__g__ (burn) all night. 6. I always get my bike w___a_s_h__e_d__(wash). 7. They try their best to get us _i_n__t_e_r_e__s_t_e_d__ (interest) in this idea. 8.When I entered the theatre, I saw him _s_i_t_t_i_n__g_ in the first row.(sit)
二、分词的特点
过去分词表被动或完成
1. The boy named Bob is my brother. 2. He drank some boiled water quickly. 3. The USA is a developed country. 4. Fired food is not healthy.
C. followed
D. having followed.
3.With winter __D___ on, it's time to buy
warm clothes.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 4.The___B____price will save you one dollar
三. 现在/过去分词的功能
现在/过去分词具有形容词的特征,可 充当表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。
1. I am excited. 2. The book written by Luxun is popular. 3. The result of the game made me disappointed. 4. Being ill, he didn't go to school.
过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别 高考英语课件
attribute
过去分词和现在分 词作定语的区别
Grammar in life
Aபைடு நூலகம் B.
C.
Participles can make our language vivid and concise.
a man coming from England 现在分词短语作定语
分词短语作定语,则置于被修饰词的_后__面___.
Do you know the difference between the –ing form and the past participle as the attribute
1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. inviting D. to be inviting
分析:A, 被邀请去聚会的艺术家,此 处过去分词表示被动的动作。
3. A study of travelers _c_o_n_d_u_c_t_ed__ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 【2015 全国1卷】
分析:一项网站所进行的调查。过去 分词作后置定语,表示被动关系
4. A travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people__l_iv_i_n_g__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【2015 全国1卷】
【课件】]Unit+4+现在分词与过去分词的去区别课件人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册
1. 作表语
2. 作状语
3. 作定语
非谓语动词 4. 作宾补
——现在分词 VS过去分词 的区别
用法:
①现在分词作表语表示主语的特征(令人/使别人感到……)。 ②过去分词作表语表示主语的状态或者主观心理感受。 注意:很多作表语的现在分词和过去分词都变成了形容词, 和系动词
(be, seem, remain, feel, look等)连用, 或者用作定语修饰名词
6. His eyes opened wide with a _f_ri_g_h_t_e_n_e_d(frighten) look. 7. The young NBA basketball king James is _m_a_r_r_i_e_d(marry) 8. She seemed totally _a_b_s_o_rb__ed(absorb) in her book.
⑷过去分词做让步状语,相当于由 although, though,even if ,even though等连词引导的 ___让_步__状__语_____从句.
语法研析练
Led by a school girl, the blind man crossed the road.
=The blind man was led by a school girl and crossed the road.
>The boy lay on his back,his hands crossed (cross)under his head.
>Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk,office workers
are generally troubled by health problems.
现在分词与过去分词的用法
现在分词与过去分词的用法分词作为英语语法的一种形式,在句子中起到了重要的作用。
其中,现在分词和过去分词是两种常见的形式,在句子中可用于表示动作或状态的变化。
本文将详细介绍现在分词和过去分词的用法及示例。
一、现在分词的用法1. 现在分词作状语现在分词可用作状语,修饰主句中的动词或整个句子。
它可以表示伴随、原因、结果等关系。
例1:Walking in the park, she enjoyed the beautiful scenery.(伴随关系)例2:Being tired, he decided to take a break.(原因关系)例3:The car crashed into a tree, killing the driver instantly.(结果关系)2. 现在分词作定语现在分词可以形容名词,作为定语修饰名词。
例4:The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.(形容词)例5:The running water sounded soothing.(形容词)3. 现在分词与现在分词短语现在分词与现在分词短语可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
例6:Smiling is contagious.(主语)例7:I saw him playing basketball in the park.(宾语)例8:Her main duty is taking care of the patients.(表语)例9:They kept the fire burning all night.(宾补)二、过去分词的用法1. 过去分词作定语过去分词可以修饰名词,作为定语使用。
例10:The broken window has been fixed.(形容词)例11:I visited the abandoned house yesterday.(形容词)2. 过去分词与过去分词短语过去分词与过去分词短语可以用作被动语态、完成时态、副词等。
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③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
e.g Falling leaves danced in the air. I saw many birds flying along the river. The story is very moving.
过去分词可用于:
①构成完成时。
e.g.The play had begun when we arrived
I find the book very interesting.
我发现这本书非常有趣。
The boy is found very annoying.
发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。
Keep your eyes shut for two minutes.
把眼睛闭上两分钟。
I expect this plan carried out successfully.
我希望这个计划成功实施。
(六)分词作状语
共同点:分词作状语时,一般在句子中作时间、 原因、方式或伴随等状语。
不同点:分词作状语时,句子的主语就是该分词 的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时,与其逻辑 主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句 中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分 词则表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语 动词之前或同时发生。
literature. 他精通美国文学。
大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下,但要小声点
(四)分词作宾语补足语
共同点:分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语,对 句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点:分词作宾语补足语时,句子的宾语就是 该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语 之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓 语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分词则 表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语动词 之前或同时发生。
there. ②构成被动语态。
e.g. English is widely spoken in the wohere, the city looks more
beautiful.
④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
e.g.A boy named Tom
I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.
A. fix
B. fixing
C. fixed
D. to fix
3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___ to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
I’m interested in English.
(二)现在分词与过去分词的两大差别
1.在语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表 被动。
2.在时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表 完成。
(三)分词作表语
共同点:分词作表语时,它起着形容词的作用。 不同点:分词作表语时,句子的主语就是该分词
的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时,与其逻辑 主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句 中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分 词则表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语 动词之前或同时发生。
高中英语:现在分词和过去分词的用法及区 别
教学内容:
现在分词和过去分词的用法以及区别。
教学目标:
能正确认识并正确分析含有分词的句子。 能正确使用现在分词和过去分词。
(一)分词的作用
现在分词可用于:
①构成进行时。
e.g. We are studying English.
②当副词作状语。
e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
D. Being seen
2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I
wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.
Having finished his speech, he answered
our questions. 做完演讲后,他回答了我们的问题。
Jane kept silent, trying not to show her
feelings. 简保持沉默,尽力克制自己的情感。
Everything considered, his plan seems
e.g. The music is much pleasingto me.
音乐优美悦耳。
The situation proves encouraging.
形势是令人鼓舞。
I felt confused, even bored.
我有点迷惑不解,甚至有点烦。
He is deeply read in American
better. 从各个方面考虑,他打计划似乎好一些。
The president entered the hall, accompanied by a group of leaders. 总理由一群领导陪伴着进入了大厅。
Exercies:
单项选择
1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.